Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement communautaire'
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Batoko, Ousmane. "L'administration régionale de développement au Bénin." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020027.
Full textSINCE AUGUST IST, 1960, THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATE OF BENIN (FORMELY DAHOMEY( HAS A TWO-FOLD AGENDA: - ON ONE HAND, TO STREAMLINE A PROPER ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY APPLIED TO THE POPULATION AND THE COUNTRY AS A WHOLE AND. - ON THE OTHER, TO ENSURE AND PROMOTE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THE COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES WERE FIRST USED FOR SUCH A PURPOSE. AS EARLY AS 1959, THE REGIONS IN BENIN WERE A PREFERRED SETTING FOR A DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS. HOWEVER, THIS DEVELOPMENT AMBITION DID NOT MATCH THE ACTUAL RESULTS AND, FOLLOWING THE REVOLUTION OF OCTOBER 1972, THE REGIONAL REFORM OF FEBRUARY 1974 AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE CONSOLIDATION OF OCTOBER 1981, strengthENED THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT. THIS, HOWEVER, THOUGH OF A PARTICIPATIVE AND MULTI-DISCIPLINARIAN TYPE, WOULD BE DISTORTED BY A STOUTLY MARXIST-LENINIST ORIENTED ADMINISTRATION, A CENTRALIST SPRINGHEAD WITHIN ADVERSE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURROUNDINGS. THE NEW LIBERAL ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL TRIMMING RESULTING FROM THE DEMOCRATIC 1991 ELECTIONS, WILL PROBABLY SHORTLY FOSTER A REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION TRULY ORIENTATED TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT
Joly, Christian. "Le Royaume-Uni et la politique communautaire pour le développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32010.
Full textThe objective of this study consists in putting in light the various aspects of the u. K. 's position towards the community's development policy. The first part is an attempt to review the elements of the british attitude in relation to this policy : the differences of perspectives of both the u. K. And the eec towards the developing world, the situation of the eec aid among other british multilateral aid commitments, the british position with regard to the basic features of the eec policy. The second part is an analysis of the u. K. 's behaviour in relation to the implementation of the eec policy : the british financial contribution to the eec policy, a comparaison between the british and eec means and methods of implementation, the british view on the evolution of the eec trade policy for the developing countries
Gagnaire, François. "L'Incompatibilité des aides d'Etat dans le contentieux communautaire." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0057.
Full textAlves, Carlos-Manuel. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40006.
Full textIn the face of increasingly significant ecological imbalances, the question of the relationship between the environment and economic development has become international. The integration or the integrated protection of the environment seeks to es ablish equilibrium between these two essential needs. Its consist of placing environmental considerations in development policies. Taking account of its call, the European Community, regional organisation for. . . Economic integration, could not stay in the background of such a movement. Integration has taken the form of a legal duty in the treatry. .
Étienne-Steiner, Claire. "La politique communautaire d'aménagement intégré des zones cotières." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10404.
Full textMounier, Lauriane. "Le droit communautaire face à la diversité territoriale : quelles méthodes de différenciation juridique?" Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0231.
Full textGiven the large diversity of situations characterising the different territorial sub-state components of the European Union (EU), community law incorporates various possibilities of legal territorial differentiation. Far from hindering the integration process, differentiation between territorial sub-entities of EU member states allows to continue that way, while supporting the effective implementation of EU law. From this perspective, two main methods of dealing with territorial diversity can be identified. On the one hand, a method takes into account ad hoc territorial specificities through the authorisation of differentiated rules adapted to each particular case. The other method is one of rationalised diversity management, based on the categorization of territorial components for the definition and implementation of policies with a strong territorial dimension. The latter favours a clearly positive and definitely objective approach for legal territorial differentiation. Nevertheless, new methods for the differentiated management of territorial diversity must be envisaged, as part of a process that favours planning and the balanced and sustainable development of the EU, linked to the repeatedly stated objective of its territorial cohesion. Respecting local and regional contexts and going beyond sectoral thinking, the various EU policies should be more coherent, particularly those with important geographical implications. In this respect, it is essential that the different actors of territorial development, both at a horizontal and vertical level, cooperate and consult each other. Considered a more general and flexible component of EU law, intra-state differentiation progressively enters the framework of this quest for coherence and better territorial governance within the EU. As territorial diversity grows in line with EU enlargement, the enrichment, diversification and improvement of legal differentiation methods, in relation to a synthetic vision of this large entity, gradually benefit its awareness as a European territory, well beyond its infra-state components
Sedjari, Ali. "L' administration locale : adaptation des structures pour un développement endogène." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D023.
Full textSiemowski, Carine. "L'optimisation des sollicitations de financement communautaire au développement économique et social régional." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL20021.
Full textThe European aids financed by the European regional development fund ( ERDF) and the European social dund (ESF) helped many regions in their development. However, numerous project holders have difficulty to obtain the financing due to the administrative complexity and the changes in the European rules between the 2000-2006 programming period and the 2007-2013 one. This assessment is true in Belgium (Wallonia), in France (Alsace, Ile-de-France, Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardie), in Spain (Andalucia) and in Sweden (Ostra Mellansverige). Yet, improvements can be made to deal with the requests of the project holders. The first part of the study aims to describe the obstacles met by the project managers in the scheme creation. The second part will present the administrative mechanisms necessary to obtain the community aids
Delgadillo, de la Peña Claudia Fernanda. "L'impératif évaluatif : sociogénèse, acteurs, usages de l'évaluation dans les projets de développement social urbain (France-Catalogne)." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10054/document.
Full textChantrel, Olivier. "Une fonction de l'intégration communautaire : le contrôle maritime ?" Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10415.
Full textReceptive to the global management for sustainable development promoted by Agenda 21, the law of the sea founds a juridical order and a huge environmental competitiveness regulation that surpasses the environmental exception of the WTO: the universal necessity of precaution in risk management protects the marine environment. Also bound by the main objective of sustainability, the EC promotes stability and democratic governance by objectives through its global and pregnant juridical order. The EC can use the law of the sea in the areas it encompasses to strengthen European identity by integrating any object concerned by the sea and its law. Through a cybernetic frame, the integrated management of coastal zones (water, environment, fishery, navigation) may contribute to a coherent control of decentralised public policies. A new approach of maritimity© needs to embraces antifraud, customs, defence into a global intelligence network made up of a regional maritime agencies learning system
Watkin, Thomas. "Les sociétés de développement communautaire à Boston : ethnographie d’un territoire professionnel en construction." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0069.
Full textTaking the case of community development corporations (CDCs) in the city of Boston in the United States, this dissertation questions the construction of a structured professional territory in the social and physical space of the community. These CDCs operating in poor neighborhoods embody the evolution of the community development field and the professionalization of committed organizations in the field of housing and in multiple economy and social activities. In this context, this thesis aims to identify the community space as a network of actors and a set of spatial practices. After explaining its institutionalization by the state and a group of actors, this dissertation proposes to study the organizational structure of the CDCs as the result of a combination of real estate activities and a social movement. Examined from its emergence during the sixties to the economy and financial crisis of 2007-2011, this analysis is based on the methods of social network analysis and an ethnographic exploration of professional identifies shaped by the commitment and movement of individuals in the space of the community. Situations of collective affirmation of the existence of CDCs illustrate this territorial extension of the practices and the tensions it has on the players who take part of it. Finally, the identification of this professional territory is viewed through the experience of the economic crisis and housing mortgages generating relationships between actors and in which the community becomes both a space for change and adaptation to face an unstable situation
Andong, baubebet Reine sandrine. "L’écorécréativité communautaire : une perspective de développement local dans les parcs nationaux du Gabon?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH016.
Full textNoizet, César. "Coopération décentralisée et développment local : les institutions et les structures juridiques au service des politiques de développement local." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD002.
Full textThe french local governments seized the opportunity offered by the law setting up the decentralization to lead by foreign local governments or authorities to pursue their local development and answer certain needs. The implementation of a policy of decentralized cooperation requires a state frame as well as a legal frame and adapted instruments. The state frame intervenes through the head administration, the being not concentrated administration and certain french bodies. However the decentralized cooperation has real reach only if the legal frame foresees the possibility for the local governments to participe in actions with foreign homologues. The french law authorizes local governments lead actions of cooperation but puts certain limits. The practice also imposes to differentiate the levels of cooperation, the cooperation for the development, the cooperation within the framework of the european Union and the cross-border cooperation, this last one crystallizing the legal problems. In this context the Concil of Europe attempts to propose solutions to States and local governments in the community interregional and cross-border frame. States try of settle themselves the problems put at the cross-border level by setting up communittees and by signing treaties negotiated by border. The realization of the actions of decentralized cooperation requires the creation of institutions and legal structures ; institutions are generally informal bodies to which the objective is to move closer to the partners ; the legal structures give concrete expression to the actions through bodies endowed with the legal personnality and to which local governments can within the framework of their internal law delegate certain competence
Hristev, Hristo. "Le développement de la construction européenne et l'affirmation d'une compétence communautaire en matière pénale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0378.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on the assertion of Community competence in criminal matters. It aims not only to answer the question as to how the European integration process allows room for the recognition of a power of the European system in the field of criminal law, but also to shed light on the various aspects of the above-mentioned competence.The first part of the study revolves around the problem how the two essential factors leading to the recognition of a Community competence in criminal law brought about an effect of framing criminal sovereignty as towards the Member States of the European construction. This phenomenon manifests itself in two aspects. On the one hand, the principles of the application of European law alongside the functioning of the European integration system together play a very important role in limiting the sovereignty of the Member States in the field of criminal law. On the other hand, the important matter of using the set of legal tools of the European integration to combat cross-border criminality, resulted, despite the lack of common will to make explicit conferral of competence in the field of study, in the establishment of the Third Pillar as a specific European legal framework in criminal matters.It is the recognition of power of intervention of the European integration system in criminal law matters that is analysed in the second part of the present study. This recognition is conditioned by two main factors - the effective implementation of European integration law and the need to use the integration legal tools to combat cross-border criminality. It also made a constructive attempt to clarify the nature and the conditions of the exercise of the abovementioned competence. In this aspect, the two sources of the assertion of a Community competence in criminal matters and the precise legal expressions of this process are examined in the first place. Thus, the dialectical interconnection between the development of the European legal construction as a new form of public regulation and the recognition of the power of the European community to intervene in criminal matters is demonstrated. In a second step, the legal provisions of European competence in the field of criminal law according to the Treaty of Lisbon are analysed in depth. This shows the legal understanding of European competence in the field of criminal law and allows a positive conclusion on the originality of the European integration system as a federation of an unseen kind to be drawn. In this respect, the present study establishes that the assertion of a Community-based competence in the field of criminal law is an emanation of the peculiar nature of the European construction, a function of the deepening of the European project and of the consolidation of the integration system as a new form of public power
Boudreau, François. "Diabète de type 2 et activité physique : Développement, mise en oeuvre et effet d'une intervention éducative sur mesure à l'aide des technologies de l'information." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27200/27200.pdf.
Full textNgendahayo, Eric. "Microcrédit et thèorie financière : trois contributions à la compréhension des déterminants de la performance des institutions de microcrédit." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20003.
Full textThis thesis anlyzes the determinants of the viability of microlending institutions against the background of theories of financial intermediation and contract theory. The first part shows how a particular design of group loans and the process of lending decisions in a urban institution can influence the capacity of group members with joint liability to mitigate the effects of anti-selection and moral hazard. Through the analysis of how “hard and soft information”, on the one hand, and “the degree of centralization of credit operations”, on the other hand, are combined, the second part relies on the organisational architecture theory to explain the mechanisms which lead to the dysfunction of financial cooperatives networks. Lastly, assuming the theory of property rights, as well as agency theory and transaction cost theory, it analyzes the impact of the legal structure on the economic performances of microcredit institutions
Laleye, Moïse Oladé Okunlola. "La décentralisation et le développement des territoires au Bénin." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD006.
Full textThe current territorial decentralization process in Benin Republic will soon enter into its active phase, with the setting up of community bodies for managing local affairs. An important step will thus be made in the evolution of this emerging west african state. The implementation of the decentralized management mode of public affairs appears first and foremost as the completion of the new democratic experience undertaken since 1990. However, besides the vivid hopes of democraty as well as of economic and social progress aroused by the territorial administration reform in the country, focus should be mainly put on the new individual and collective responsabilities of the future districts and their inhabitants. Indeed, the emergence of a real synergy of development strengths and potentials shall depend on the shared awareness of such responsabilities by every citizen. In this regard, decentralization appears as a singular opportunity to drive firmly Benin nation into the way of developement. But a good appraisal of the assets and limits of this decentralizing reform has to be made for its appropriate implementation. Therefore, the present study remains a critical and prospective analysis on the reform of the territorial administration in Benin Republic. Its main objective is to offer every stakeholder of Benin public life a multidimensional procedure to turn teritorial decentralization in this poor african state not only into a political instrument, but also into a tool of economic, social and cultural progress
Bagaoui, Rachid, and Donald Dennie. "Les facteurs de réussite des organisations du développement économique communautaire du nord-est de l'Ontario." Institut franco-ontarien Université Laurentienne, 2002. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/202.
Full textMoreau, Claire. "Étude descriptive sur le développement de la littératie d'adultes dans un contexte de centre communautaire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1405/1/030133112.pdf.
Full textMakni, Jihène. "Entrepreneuriat et développement local : analyse théorique et appliquée à la région économique de Sfax." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0018.
Full textEntrepreneurship is a concept which enjoys an interesting popularity at the level of research as well in practice. This research examines the major figures of the entrepreneur which are mobilized by economic changes. The objective of our work is to construct links between the conceptual dimensions and the contextual events which took notice of the return of the entrepreneur. In this research, we aim at exploring specific forms of entrepreneurship based on a historical perspective combined with a dynamic vision. Therefore, this thesis presents a synthesis of the genesis of the research in the field of entrepreneurship. In the context of local development, a particular form of entrepreneurship presents an interesting way which takes into account more purposes than traditional entrepreneurship does. We will see that the new relations with space and time induce a more collective entrepreneurship based on accessibility rather than proximity. For fifteen years, we have noticed new developmental practices. The latter which are founded on the spatial concentration of small but strongly interdependent businesses, generate various processes of development. Questioning these processes and showing how they carry a different approach to development in the southern cities, is essentially the objective of this thesis. The case of Sfax is considered here. Based on applied research, we analyze the economic dynamics of this region as well as the link between entrepreneurship and job creation by means of contextual factors which favor the spin-offs of businesses and enable cooperations to practice competition
Athari, Djamal. "Processus d'auto-développement des quartiers périphériques de banlieue à Téhéran : Eslamshahr." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100180.
Full textThis study deals mainly with a monographic study which aims at describing and analyzing the different aspects of the emergence and transformations of a suburban city, 20 km south-west of Tehran. The origin of this city goes back to 1966 when about 1000 people lived in a group of villages which today has become a city of more than 300 000 inhabitants. In this study having , on the whole, tried to avoid all stigmatization of changing social and spatial processes of urban development of eslamshahr ; 1 have illustrated as much the marginal and disintegrated aspects of everyday life in this city as the realities of auto-construction, popular participation and the civil activities. I have also studied the problems of youth in this city. The opposition between auto-development and planning policies has also been analyzed
Deries, Béatrice. "La santé communautaire dans la politique de la ville : genèse et récits d'expérience." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/deries_b.
Full textThe first concern of this thesis is a look on an emerging area of activities who built up from the last quarter of the twentieth century, at the boundaries of the social and sanitary themes in the peripheral urban spaces marked by the cazualisation process. This blur ensemble, legitimated by the institutional frame of the city's policy, reveal a reappering of the health topic in the urban context in the same time of a come back of the community in the work of the social "par la fenêtre" of health theme. The research takled to the genealogical reenactment making this theme a story of the sociologic thought on urban social and public health as well as a device's genesis. The personnal histories has been recorded as a privileged element to study the resemantic and reproblematic process along with the reconfigurations of the localised intervention. Three kinds of narrations are collected and put into perspective : tellings of experience, inseperably biographical and collective ; publicized tellings, among which the intellectual productions of the interrogated actors ; "stopped" tellings coming from ethnographic sightings of a few community health scenes. The research chore has to unconstruct a empiric objet a priori given as professionnal and surrounded in a new address of the public action to rewrite it in a sociologic grasp of the ways to talk and to make social work ; the ways to "make community" through health in a society of persons whose citizenship is unaccomplished. By the way, it shows that biographical commitments are part of a significant and indispensable constituent
Bagnis, Hinano. "La promotion des investissements en Polynésie française : Approches nationale, communautaire, internationale." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0047.
Full textIn order to compensate its significant structural handicaps, various public measures have been implemented in order to attract private investments in French Polynesia. However, today, the optimal use of these investment promotion measures constitutes a prowess considering the diversity of the actors involved, the plurality of the advantages offered and the imbrications of local, national and European regulations that reduce the visibility and the efficiency of such provisions. The aim of this study is to analyze the current French Polynesia investment promotion provisions based on the exam of the interaction and the friction points, which result from the coexistence of various independent measures and the combination of multiple decisional levels. The analysis, through case studies, of the consequences of these investment incentive measures on the sustainable economic and social development of French Polynesia, points up incidentally the necessary elaboration of a genuine private investment promotion strategy in French Polynesia
Ould, Baidy Sidi Mohamed. "L'administration territoriale et le développement local en Mauritanie." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010283.
Full textPolnecq-Farcy, Hélène. "Tertiaire supérieur et dynamiques métropolitaines : le cas des métropoles régionales françaises." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-13.pdf.
Full textCôté, Laurent. "Développement des communautés comment mobiliser et faire participer les citoyens ? : l'exemple de la communauté de Saint-Camille." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2575.
Full textPabion-Mouries, Johanne. "L'écotourisme au Kirghizstan post-soviétique : entre développement international et volontés locales." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0427.
Full textThe huge spread of international organizations and NGOs in Kyrgyzstan has introduced ecotourism. In the post-Soviet context, this new kind of tourism reflects the switch from Soviet tourism which was formerly part of a controlled economy, by the state, the communist youth or the unions, to a travel industry reappropriated by "local populations". This research investigates the way in which the post-Soviet Kyrgyz society is developing with and through eco tourism. All these local reappropriations constitute elements of analysis of Kyrgyz society in the face of social change since the Soviet regime. The research, based on several field studies and different analytical methods, put the "global" and the "local" head to head, by confronting the official objectives and discourses with that those involved are actually doing in the field. The thesis defends the view that the players reappropriate the norms and representations promoted by the international organization and the tourist industry by including them in local dynamics. They therefore invent new ways of thinking, of "doing" tourism and of contributing to development in the post-Soviet context
Mizouri, Laroussi. "Aspects socio-culturels de la ville de Nabeul depuis l'indépendance." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040278.
Full textThomas, Olivier. "La conjonction de contrats et conventions comme facteur de réduction d'incertitudes : le cas des projets stratégiques de villes." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10003.
Full textThis thesis intends to show to which extent the existence of a strategic urban plan constitutes a determining tool in order to reduce the uncertainties which shackle economic urban growth. Strategic urban plans, the content of which is defined by the key-actors of the city, express the recourse to several kinds of contractual elements. Nevertheless, these latter, however useful they may be, are confirmed to be insufficient in order to restrain the whole set of uncertainties that urban actors have to face. From this point of view, strategic urban plans properly appear to be suitable tools so that such actors may feel more "reassured". As a matter of fact, they embody both contractual and conventional solutions to deal with uncertainties. Eventually, the insurance which is conveyed by their creation can be kept up thanks to the recourse to various urban-marketing patterns (financial information, local periodical newspapers,. . . ). Broadly speaking, the global insurance which is conveyed by the choice of an urban location seems to be one of the main reasons which justify the endless trend of urban polarization. Given this inertia of the growth of French cities, a statistical analysis of the main incentives of economic urban growth is undertaken. The reliability of its results is tested thanks to several regression diagnostics. This study deals with the 214 more important French cities during the last 15 years
Graves, Sophie Dupuis. "La participation communautaire et le discours sur le développement durable : l'étude de Revelstoke en Colombie-Britannique." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9688.
Full textDupuis, Graves Sophie. "La participation communautaire et le discours sur le développement durable, l'étude de Revelstoke en Colombie-Britannique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28420.pdf.
Full textWatkins, Patrick. "Les organisations non-gouvernementales et les associations de développement communautaire en Namibie : origines, évolution et perspectives." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081098.
Full textNamibia offers an excellent background for the analysis of community based organizations and their contribution in the development process. On a territory first submitted to german colonial genocide then to south-african led "crimes against humanity", up to an independant state gifted with one of africa's most democratic constitutions, community based development pioneers have been witnesses to many violent turmoils and active participants in numerous radical changes. Today land of contrasts, between rural tradition and urban development, arrogant wealth and absolute poverty, political democracy and economic apartheid, namibia is confronted with the challenge of leading a peoplecentred development from which all will benefit equally. This research centers on the community-based organizations' role in this process; of their contribution to building a nation of empowered citizens, based on more democratic ways of sharing the economic resources and the political power
Tonneau, Jean-Philippe. "Modernisation des espaces ruraux et paysannerie : le cas du Nordeste du Brésil." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100096.
Full textThe present work wants to help define agrarian policy for an arid region. The Brazilian nordeste. In this region, under-development has relation to land owners ‘social, economic and political domination which has, in a manner, kept productive investment off for almost 500 years. The experience, gained on a local development scheme conducted in the state of Baia since 1987, has been taken as reference. The assumption -both for the operation and the thesis- is that harmonious development cannot be achieved at rural level unless there is a strong peasant community, which supposes new relationships between the actors involved. Voluntarism and protest actions are needed. Nevertheless, to be successful, such actions must prove realistic and according with the economic reality of the market characterized by competitive features. For a given historical time, comparative advantages will depend on geographical and social situations (with regard to a center of development and to a decision-making body, respectively). Showing up such situations and making them understandable by the actors becomes a priority for developmental structures. Such objective results difficult to achieve because of the rapid changes induced by external factors and internal actions by man who continuously builds both the space and social relationships, and sometimes the market. To solve such problem, any structure intended to support development must combine the following functions: observing (to identify space and social organizations); experimenting (local development and organization of the market); and planning
Donfouet, Hermann Pythagore Pierre. "Essais sur l’évaluation des préférences des ménages en matière d’assurance communautaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G027/document.
Full textThe financing of quality healthcare is a major challenge for developing countries. Despite efforts to improve the provision of healthcare services, a significant proportion of the population does not always have access to healthcare services. Low economic growth, lack of economic resources, corruption and constraints on the public sector could explain why the design of a system of financing healthcare is complex. Over the past two decades, there has been a decline in the use of healthcare services after the introduction of cost recovery in public health facilities. Those most affected by this policy are low-income households particularly in rural areas that are most often vulnerable to diseases. The community-based health insurance has been proposed as an alternative to improve better access to low-income households to healthcare services. The community-based health insurance is thus a tool of social protection for many households who otherwise would not have formal insurance. However, such a health insurance scheme can have long-term effects if households have a strong preference for it, and there is social capital in rural areas. Assessing the preferences of households for the community-based health insurance is important for the formulation of policy recommendations. Adequate knowledge on the determinants of demand for the community-based health insurance is essential for developing strategies to increase resource allocation, and improve the quality of services. This study aims at assessing the preferences of households for community-based health insurance in rural areas of Cameroon. The use of contingent valuation method suggests that low-income households are willing to pay for the community-based health insurance. Furthermore, social capital has a positive and significant effect on the demand, and the use of double-bounded dichotomous choice to assess the preferences of households is incentive incompatible. We also found that there is heterogeneous shift effect in preferences anomalies and could be mostly explained by the salient characteristics of households. A striking result is that more certain households are not subjected to preference anomalies. Lastly, there is spatial dependence in the preferences of households explained by social norms
Ellyson, Alex. "La Corporation de développement communautaire (CDC) du Haut-Saint-François analyse d'une pratique de développement des communautés dans son interface avec le CSSS." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2498.
Full textParent, André-Anne. "Organisateurs communautaires et développement des communautés : le cas du Centre de santé et de services sociaux de la Vieille-Capitale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25104.
Full textIn 2003, public health authorities of the Province of Quebec, Canada, published their first national public health program in which a strategy known as the “Support for the development of communities” was included. In order to enrich the knowledge on the implementation of the strategy and its influence on the practice of the professionals mandated to update same, community organizers from the local Health and Social Services Centers, this thesis had three main objectives which were investigated through three different research processes. The first part had for objective to study a community development process. An ethnographic study revealed the complexity of the strategy, underlined the role of the socio-cultural and historic factors and targeted elements to be considered for practice. It also highlighted the importance to adopt a health equity perspective. The second part aimed at describing how the strategy influenced community organizing practices. The analysis of a reflexive practice group, composed of community organizers, helped identify key challenges related to the strategy: the need to clarify the role of community organizers in community development, the difficulties to stimulate and support citizen participation and finally the difficulties associated with this function within the organizational context of Health and Social Services Centres. Finally, the third part sought to identify favourable and unfavourable elements to the integration of the strategy in the practice of community organizers and the organizations that employ them. In addition to the interviews realised in the ethnographic study and the reflexive practice group, nine semi-structured interviews with key actors were realised. The participants indicated that the strategy brings a paradigm shift in favour of health equity, which cannot be achieved without important changes to professional and organizational practices. This thesis has thus contributed to provide new knowledge on the development of communities for the field of public health and the results indicate that it still has to be refined and that its implementation could be improved. In this regard, a heuristic model to generate a conversation between community organizers and public health practitioners, is offered in conclusion.
Sboui, Faouzi. "Le secteur informel urbain en Tunisie : hétérogénéité des structures et contribution au développement." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40023.
Full textGassama, Mor. "Microfinance et développement local : le cas du Sénégal." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090022.
Full textAccess to finance is one of the Millennium Development Goals. Poor people lack access to funding granted by banks. Microfinance, through microcredit, is trying to meet this challenge. In Senegal, microfinance has seen great success through these large MFIs (CMS, UM-PAMECAS, ACEP) that have reached financial sustainability. However, one can say that microfinance is actively involved in the fight against poverty in Senegal? The micro loans promote local development: they encourage merchants, artisans and entrepreneurs to transform their local micro projects and we know that these small projects have a ripple effect on local economy first and then on the economy all of the country. The thesis examines the links between microfinance and local development in the case of Senegal
Jean-Louis, Levenson. "Etat de droit et politiques de développement économiques en Haîti." Nice), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0018.
Full textIn a democratic regime the structure of the State aims to protect the people against all excess or abuse of power from the leaders. This regime must, guaranty public freedom and prevent agents of power to trespass upon individual and social civic rights. This conception of democracy stems from the certainty that it is centered around human development; it also efficiently contributes to the growing of the collective participation as well as the progression of community life. Of course the politics surrounding the economy must create productive employment in order to reduce poverty in Haiti and to develop solid means of subsistence. Furthermore, they must limit the desagrarisation phenomenon by promoting local agrarian production with a stronger support to the rural population and an equal distribution of revenue. This is not a matter of sectorial reorientation, but a much more deeper reorientation that would put production, productive capacities and productive employment at the heart of the politics favouring the development and the reduction of poverty in the country. ……
Chamberland, Manon. "Le développement du pouvoir d'agir des personnes et des collectivités : un aperçu des pratiques avec des femmes immigrantes au sein d'organisations communautaires de Montréal, Bruxelles et Grenoble." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25587.
Full textIn recent decades, theses related to neoliberalism, changes in technology and the exponential growth of knowledge have not only affected the labour market but also the organization of social services. These developments have had effects both for those who experience a form of marginalization (women, new immigrants, youth, etc.) and the stakeholders who support them. Empowerment is one of the alternatives mentioned regularly to help support the initiatives of individuals and communities but knowledge on the conditions of its implementation is still lacking, especially as this process takes different forms depending on the context. This exploratory qualitative research, based on the case study of community organizations in Montreal, Brussels and Grenoble, focused on practices aimed at supporting the social and professional integration of immigrant women used by workers in community organizations and the benefits identified by the immigrant women concerned. How do community organization workers support the empowerment of immigrant women? Which components of the practices used with immigrant women in these community organizations appear to be conducive to their empowerment? What knowledge is mobilized by the workers? What are the benefits of these practices, as identified by the immigrant women themselves? These questions directed our examination of these practices and the knowledge mobilized by them, from the perspective of both the workers in these community organizations and the immigrant women supported by them. A total of 13 workers took part in one or two semi-structured interviews and 27 immigrant women participated in group interviews in each of the community organizations studied. The results identified four foundations on which the practices of community organization workers are based and reports on the choices made by these workers in their practices, situated on four continuums. Finally, the benefits identified by immigrant women have impacts at different levels, recalling that these practices simultaneously contribute to supporting the development of empowerment of both individuals and communities.
Hafdi-Idrissi, Abdelaziz. "Laproblématique du développement local au Maroc : réalités et perspectives." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081861.
Full textDiouf, Marie-Louise. "Femmes et pauvreté : les initiatives féminines dans le développement humain : le cas de Kaolack au Sénégal." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30035.
Full textIf there are terms whose employment became so frequent and varied that one tests difficulty of finding the true definition, we can say that among these terms, poverty makes party of the most quoted. To understand female poverty in Kaolack, we needed to use not only the general indicators of poverty, but also representations made by people at different social level. Our reflexion related to the problems of the living conditions of the women, ther daily life on socio-spatial and economic plans. We analyzed women's poverty, the causes, and the consequences in particular : prostitution, children in difficult situation, juvenile delinquence. With the impotence of State to fight against this growing poverty, the assiociative movement became an alternative to the economic crisis. We analyzed the role of women associations, of NGO in the fight against poverty promoting sustainable development. It thus led our analysis to the conclusion that the poverty of women involves structural poverty of their children, and development passes by the improvement of the living conditions of the women and the children in the field of the access to education, health, and a balanced food
Smith, Andy. "L'Intégration communautaire face au territoire : les fonds structurels et les zones rurales en France, en Espagne et au Royaume Uni." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21010.
Full textThis thesis studies an aspect of eurpean integration : the intensification of european union interventions in favour of the development of rural areas that are considered defavorized. Using data from interviews in three countries (france, spain, united kingdom), the thesis is founded upon the hypothesis that the actions of the european union do not simply involve transfers of money. They also imply exchanges of ideas and of political resources. In each territory eu actions have a variable political impact due to their form, the signification accorded to development and the relationship between local and national actors and those of the european commission. Indeed, the centrality of the latte r constitutes one of the keys for interpreting european integration. Through adopting an approach informed by policy network analysis, the analysis brings the author to characterise europea n integration as a dynamic which stimulates the political development of different levels of territory. As such it is as much a producer of divergence as it is of convergence in trends of public action in europe
Cedeño, Elsa. "Les médias vénézuéliens depuis 2000 : émergence et développement des médias alternatifs et communautaires." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL026.
Full textIn this thesis, I wish to demonstrate the interest of the emergence of alternative and community media (MAC) to the Venezuela since the 2000's. Indeed, the new model of society proposed by Hugo Chavez is the establishment of mechanisms of local participatory democracy for the popular classes. In this context, these new media stand out of traditional media in their structure and their objective. Historically, the dominant Venezuelan private media have always been under the influence of the political and financial powers (they account for 80% of the media). At the heart of the MAC, it is the people who support the creation and dissemination management information. Moreover, these new media have a social purpose where they fit into a community organized around various social organizations. Nevertheless, this new phenomenon is also indicative of a double limitation inherent in the operation of the MAC: the absence of constructive criticism and the reproduction of a polarized rhetoric
Jones, Alexei. "La dimension juridique de l'institutionnalisation de la participation de la société civile dans les politiques de développement : le cas du Sénégal." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0057.
Full textParticipation of civil society in development activities is widely recognised as a central element for poverty reduction and a pillar of governance. A major challenge today is to find ways of guaranteeing efficient, inclusive and sustainable participatory mechanisms. The institutionalisation of participation can address these requirements. This study aims to identify and discuss the measures that ought to be taken in this endeavour and focuses on the role of Law in the process of institutionalising participation. The study highlights the central role of the legal framework in fostering an enabling environment for participation, namely by guaranteeing rights, setting up spaces and defining rules for civic engagement. However, the legal dimension can only constitute one aspect of the institutionalisation process. Other elements such as the strengthening of capacities of both civil society actors and public authorities are equally important. Senegal constitutes the main case study of this analysis. Several initiatives have been taken in this country towards institutionalising participation in various spheres, including the PRSP process and the European cooperation policy, as well as national sectorial education and rural development policies
Nascimento, da Luz Rosenildes. "Scène sociale_Le cri artistique : le théâtre d'intervention comme médiateur de changement communautaire et développement de connaissances émancipatrices." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27215.
Full textNgo, Thi Huong. "Le tourisme à base communautaire comme outil de développement local durable : le cas de Hoi An, Vietnam." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0033.
Full textIn recent years, sustainability has emerged as a critical concern. Many countries have started to address environmental and social problems through national policies and strategies, new partnerships, and promoting sustainable tourism practices across the tourism industry. These measures shall stimulate growth in the long term while maintaining a balance between environmental protection, promoting economic benefits, establishing social justice, maintaining cultural integrity, and shifting from mass tourism to long-term sustainable solutions. Community-based tourism (CBT) has been considered one of the efficient tools for sustainable tourism development, especially in rural areas, suburbs, and mountainous areas. Although there is much research on the benefits, success, or failure of CBT projects, not much attention has been paid to assessing the sustainability of CBT and examining its links to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) to establish CBT as a tool to support sustainable development. This doctoral research addressed this gap by conducting a case study in rural areas of Hoi An.To advance the understanding of CBT and its role in the sustainable development of the local, the research adopted a mixed methodology, including quantitative and qualitative data collection methods; documentary methods were also employed. Research findings have, therefore, been enriched and verified by each other and have helped improve the reliability of the research overall.The service quality and the sustainability of CBT in Hoi An were revealed through the perceptions of tourists and the locals, respectively. The thesis then showed the link between CBT and SGDs to identify CBT as a tool to support sustainable development.The thesis adds distinctive theoretical and methodological contributions to the growing literature on CBT and its links to sustainable local development. The study achieves its objectives of (1) developing the CBT value chain model encompassing key stakeholders and their roles at a local scale, (2) conceptualizing CBT as a tool for sustainable local development, and (3) providing solutions need to be applied to develop sustainable CBT in Hoi An. The thesis will benefit local authorities and CBT practitioners by providing empirical evidence to base policies and strategies that facilitate desired development outcomes. With a strong focus on sustainability and a detailed understanding of local community perspectives, the thesis reinforces the recognition of CBT as a tool for sustainable development worldwide. This thesis encourages implementing and developing CBT in more communities, especially developing countries that aim for sustainable development
Langevin, Marie. "Les relations entre la participation aux programmes de microfinance et les processus d'empowerment des femmes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21190.
Full textSouilah, Boudjema. "La portée internationale de la question namibienne." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE0022.
Full textBros, Catherine. "Les castes en Inde : implications de l'identité sociale en économie." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010052.
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