Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement de l'adulte'
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Kaminski, Sandra. "Etude de l'implication des protéines Vav1 et PKCθ dans l’activation d'AP-1 et dans le développement des leucémies T." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20046.
Full textTriggering of the antigen (Ag)-specific T cell receptor (TCR) initiates signaling cascades that target transcription factors like AP-1 to induce a specific genetic program essential for T cell activation and proliferation. Deregulation of these pathways play a major role in uncontrolled proliferation of T cells, i. E. Leukemogenesis. Despite the importance of AP-1 in mediating TCR-driven induction of genes like IL-2, most of the intracellular pathways that target AP-1 remains uncharacterized. The proteins Vav and PKCtheta form a functional complex downstream of the TCR that is required for AP-1 induction. First, we elucidated pathways by which PKCθ and Vav1 can target AP-1 activation. In T cells, Vav1 cooperates with CnA to activate JNK1, a MAPK that regulates the expression and the activity of c-jun, a major component of the AP-1 complex. This cooperation between Vav1 and CnA is T cell-specific and is not observed in non hematopoietic cells. We have also shown, in restimulated T cells, that Tec and PLCγ1 mediated PKCθ -induced AP-1 activation. This pathway is specific for AP-1 activation since it does not mediates activation of others transcrption factors i. E. NF-κB. The second part of our work focuses on in vivo studies involving the importance of Vav1 and PKCθ in leukemogenesis using a viral approach. We inoculated wild-type mice and mice lacking either Vav1 or PKC with strains of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus. The results showed differences in the phenotype of the leukemia in Vav1 knock-out mice versus control mice. Vav-/-M-MuLV displayed a bigger enlargement of the thymus correlated with an immature phenotype of thymocytes compared to control mice. These results point out the essential role of Vav1 in T cell development and leukemogenesis. Finally, the results using PKCθ knock-out mice suggest that this protein could play an important role in the T cell-mediated antitumoral response
Robichon, Fabrice. "Contribution aux études électrophysiologiques et neuroanatomiques de la dyslexie de développement chez l'adulte." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX20654.
Full textVirard, Isabelle. "Gliogenèse dans la neurohypophyse de rongeur au cours du développement et chez l'adulte." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22031.pdf.
Full textThe simple cellular composition of the rodent neurohypophysis (NH) makes it an ideal model to study glial cell genesis in the central nervous system. Indeed, apart from axons of hypothalamic neurons, the NH only contains blood vessels and glial cells called pituicytes. Moreover, gliogenesis can be induced in the NH through physiological stimulations such as dehydration. In the work presented here, my first objective was to determine the developmental origin of pituicytes. In vitro functional tests, transplantations and in situ stainings demonstrated that the perinatal NH contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Genetic tracing of these OPCs then allowed me to establish a lineage relationship with pituicytes. In the second part of this thesis, I sought to reexamine pituicyte identity in the adult NH, especially searching for the presence of stem or progenitor cells. Based on in vivo glial marker expression and on explant and neurosphere cultures, my results revealed the existence of different pituicyte subpopulations, including glial progenitors. Finally, I used proliferation markers to show that several of these glial populations participate in dehydration-induced gliogenesis. Overall, this study uncovers heterogeneity among pituicytes and redefines these cells as a branch of the oligodendrocyte lineage. It also allows a better understanding of glial cell properties and lineage, a fundamental step in elucidating the origin of various nervous pathologies and in improving their treatment
Thériault, Yvon. "L'influence des événements de la vie sur les stratégies de développement de l'adulte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29209.
Full textMunitic, Ivana. "Détermination de signaux requis pour le développement et l'activation des cellules T." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N06S.
Full textContrepas-Bessonnat, Aurélie. "Expression et fonction du récepteur de la (pro)rénine au cours du développement embryonnaire et chez l'adulte." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066157.
Full textDoré, Nathalie. "Le développement de la structuration causale du récit au préscolaire dans un contexte de dictée à l'adulte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25984.
Full textDe nombreux élèves éprouvent d’importantes difficultés en lecture, ce qui affecte grandement leur parcours scolaire. Puisque lire consiste à construire le sens du texte lu, la compréhension des discours narratif et explicatif constitue une sphère d’apprentissage sur laquelle il convient de se pencher et d’intervenir, cela très tôt dans la vie des enfants. Le présent projet de recherche vise à décrire, chez un enfant de niveau préscolaire, le développement de la compréhension de la structuration causale du récit dans un contexte de dictée à l’adulte. Pour ce faire, une expérimentation a été réalisée auprès d’un enfant de quatre ans pendant une année scolaire. La collecte des données consiste en deux dictées à l’adulte, la première en début d’année et la seconde un peu avant la fin de l’année. Les microanalyses montrent la transformation du niveau de développement de l’enfant d’une dictée à l’autre, ce, tant au regard de la macrostructure que de la mise en mots. Alors que, spontanément, pour le premier récit, l’enfant met l’accent sur la problématisation et raconte son histoire par l’intermédiaire du jeu symbolique, pour le second récit, la narration, beaucoup plus élaborée, est réalisée dans une réelle dictée à l’adulte et ne passe plus nécessairement par des actions symboliques.
Charytoniuk-Vignais, Dorota. "Caractérisation de la voie Sonic hedgehog dans le cerveau de rongeur au cours du développement et chez l'adulte." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112046.
Full textThis work suggests the existence of the functional Hedgehog (hh) signaling pathway in the adult brain. It describes the identification and the localization of the transcripts of genes coding for hh, their receptor Ptc/Smo, the transcription factor Gli1 and other components of the pathway in the brain and peripheral tissues of the adult rat. The detailed mapping of the Shh, Ptc and Smo transcripts was established in the adult brain and spinal cord and in the developing cerebellum. Their colocalization is restricted to a very limited number of adult brain areas, suggesting that a model of the hh signaling in the adult might be different of that previously proposed in the embryo. Ptc could transduce Shh activities in the absence of Smo and Smo itself might bind another not identified yet ligand. The developmental regulation of Shh, Ptc, Smo and Gli1 in the cerebellum suggests a possible role for Shh signaling in the control of various cell populations within the cerebellum, particularly in granule cell precursor proliferation and/or differentiation that might be impaired in proliferative states such as medulloblastomas. The injection of the recombinant protein myrShhN into the adult rat striatum induce a Ptc transcription in the subventricular zone, containing progenitors that can proliferate and differentiate into new neurons and glia in the adult brain. These observations suggest a role for the Shh signaling in the adult neurogenesis. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) implicated in the neural tube patterning during embryogenesis are expressed also in the adult brain, suggesting that the BMP pathway could interact with the Shh pathway in the adult as in the embryo. The up-regulation of the BMPRII receptor after transient global cerebral ischemia in rat suggests a modulation of the BMP signaling during neuronal plasticity or repair that occur upon brain injury
Schang, Anne-Laure. "Codes transcriptionnels et expression du gène du récepteur de la GnRH au cours du développement et chez l'adulte." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633501.
Full textMaintenant, Célia. "Développement de la flexibilité catégorielle chez l'enfant et l'adulte âgé : contribution des connaissances conceptuelles et des fonctions exécutives." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10024.
Full textForgeot, d'Arc Baudouin. "Attribution de croyances chez l'enfant et l'adulte : mesures implicites et explicites et liens avec le raisonnement verbal." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066639.
Full textMarot, Valérie. "Développement de l'organisation syntaxique du dessin chez l'enfant de 5 à 10 ans et l'adulte et sensibilité au contexte." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL021.
Full textThe syntactic level of drawing refers to the way the subject organizes the production of his/her movements. This organization may be described at a local level, which concerns the way in which a segment is traced (graphic rules), or at a global level, which corresponds to the order in which the units are drawn (graphic strategies). The aim of this thesis is to determine if some features are characteristic of syntactic organization at different ages, which would reflect a sequential development, or if major variability exists in graphic production according to contextual manipulations. Different tasks involving the copying of geometrical figures were submitted to children aged between 5 and 10 years old and to adults. The first study reveals the existence of three developmental steps in the use of graphic rules according to pattern complexity. The second experimental section studied the development of graphic strategies. One experiment, in which the subjects were asked to copy freely, indicates that strategy types are characteristic of different ages. Four priming studies and a study presenting a completion task were also conducted and reveal changes in the relationship between age and strategy type. Nevertheless, 6 year old children and adults modify their graphic behavior only if the task obliges them to do so. All our results suggests the necessity of integrating models which postulate the existence of a sequential development and those which insist on the impact of context. Finally, the last experimental section concerns the drawing behavior of dyslexic children. These children adhere less to graphic rules and present more planning difficulties than children of the same age who read normally
Barraud, Perrine. "Les gènes nm23 dans le système nerveux périphérique de la souris : expression et régulation chez l'adulte et au cours du développement." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28860.
Full textA and B nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) isoforms are heterohexameric enzymes that catalyze phosphoryl-group transfer between nucleoside di-and tri-phosphates. During development, nm23-M1,-M2 and -M3 genes encoding for NDPK A, B and C, respectively, are expressed by mouse neural crest cells. This expression is long-lasting and is detected in adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In neuroblast primary cultures, NDPK B and C are detected in dividing neurons, and then with NDPK A during neuronal differentiation. The precursors of the peripheral nervous system express different isoforms, depending on their phenotype as assessed by primary cultures of neural tube explants. Thus, NDPK A and C are mainly detected in sensory and cholinergic precursors whereas NDPK B is generally found in adrenergic neuroblasts. In adult DRG sensory neurons, NDPK A is visualized in the cytosol. NDPK B is also detected in the nucleus and NDPK C is often associated with plasma membrane. NDPKs co-localizations suggested that the three isoforms may be associated in vivo to form heterohexamers. Moreover, NDPK C could be responsible for anchoring the whole complex on the plasma membrane. NDPK A could act in association with GTPase proteins. The nuclear localization of NDPK B could be related to its functions as c-myc proto-oncogene transcription factor and in DNA repair. Finally, NDPK C may participate in cell transduction via receptor-coupled G proteins or in cell adhesion by interacting with integrins. NGF treated primary cultures of sensory neurons increased NDPK A expression level without affecting those of NDPK B and C. In contrast, LIF knock-out had a low expression level of NDPKs compared with wild mouse sensory neurons. Finally, sensory neurons of NDPK A knock-out mouse are characterized by a highly branched neuritic arborescence that revealed a disturbed axonal outgrowth
Bastien-Dionne, Pierre-Olivier. "Rôle de l'activité sensorielle dans la spécification du type cellulaire des neurones nouvellement générées dans le bulbe olfactif chez l'adulte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20589.
Full textItier, Roxane Jeanne. "Perception et reconnaissance des visages non familiers chez l'adulte et l'enfant : étude neurophysiologique du traitement de la configuration." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30131.
Full textBoulc'H, Laëtitia. "Implication du contrôle exécutif dans le décodage en lecture. Comparaisons entre faibles et normolecteurs. Études chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441024.
Full textClément, Angélique. "Qu'est-ce que le temps psychologique ? : étude expérimentale de l'enfant à l'adulte." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF20002.
Full textMarie, Pauline. "De l'œuf à l'adulte : étude moléculaire et fonctionnelle de la répression des éléments transposables par les piARN au cours du développement chez drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066426/document.
Full textIn metazoan germ cells, transposable element activity is repressed by small noncoding PIWI-associated RNAs (piRNAs). Numerous investigations in Drosophila have enlightened the mechanism of this repression in the adult germline. However, very little is known about piRNA-mediated repression during germline development. Nevertheless, to maintain the integrity of the genome, repression should occur throughout the lifespan of germ cells. During my PhD, I show that piRNA-mediated repression is active in the female germline, from late embryonic to pupal primordial germ cells, and that genes related to the adult piRNA pathway are required for repression during development. rhino-dependent piRNAs, exhibiting the molecular signature of the piRNA pathway "ping-pong" amplification step, are detected in larval gonads, arguing for de novo biogenesis of functional piRNAs during development. I also show that production of telomeric piRNAs depends on Heterochromatin Protein 1a (HP1a). Furthermore, as in adult ovaries, I observe an incomplete, bimodal and stochastic repression resembling variegation at all developmental stages. Clonal analyzes of this incomplete silencing strongly suggest that a cellular memory of an early repression decision is initiated in embryonic germ cells and further maintained until the adult stage. Taken together, the data presented here show that piRNAs and their associated proteins are epigenetic components of a continuous repression system throughout germ cell development
Fauchey, Valérie. "Contrôle dopaminergique du striatum chez la souris déficiente pour le transporteur de la dopamine : régulation d'expression génique chez l'adulte et au cours du développement." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28728.
Full textEscudé, Timothé. "Rôle du cycle cellulaire dans le contrôle de la neurogenèse embryonnaire et chez l'adulte : fonction de la phosphatase CDC25B." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1646/.
Full textDuring embryonic neurogenesis, neurons are generated from neural progenitors located in the neural tube. These progenitors proliferate, are fated to differentiate into a specific subtype of neurons and initiate their differentiation under the control of signalling pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog/Gli (Shh/Gli). Our team has shown that a regulator of the cell cycle kinetics, the CDC25B phosphatase, is transcriptionally upregulated by the Shh pathway. The first part of my PhD project consisted in (1) defining the functional relevance of the Shh-dependant upregulation of CDC25B and (2) determining if CDC25B is a direct target of this pathway. (1) Downregulating CDC25B in the chicken neural tube using RNA interference causes a reduction in neuron production that is due to the maintenance of proliferating neural progenitors in an undifferentiated state. I analysed the kinetics of the cell cycle of these neural progenitors and determined that CDC25B loss-of-function specifically affects the G2 phase duration. We propose that CDC25B has two functions: to modify the cell cycle kinetics and to control neuronal production. (2) Concerning the regulation of CDC25B expression, I identified and characterized a cis-regulatory element necessary and sufficient to respond to a gain of function of the Shh/Gli pathway. This element is localized in the first intron of the murine CDC25B gene and contains three potential binding sites for the Gli proteins, transcriptional effectors of the Shh pathway that act in cooperation to respond to Gli. This element also contains a binding site for LefTCF, effectors of the Wnt pathway, and I showed that CDC25B negatively responds to a modulation of the Wnt pathway activity. My data indicate that mIntron1 acts as a positive modulator of the cell cycle-dependant expression of CDC25B. These data reinforce our hypothesis that CDC25B is a direct target of Shh/Gli pathway. Neurogenesis is not restricted to embryonic life and takes place in the hippocampus of adult mouse, where CDC25B is expressed. The neurogenesis in this region is related to learning and memory processes. The second part of my PhD project concerned the function of CDC25B during adult neurogenesis. We obtained a conditional mutant mouse for CDC25B and by means of behavioural studies, I showed that CDC25B loss-of-function (1) doesn't affect sensory skills and motility but (2) alters the mnesic performances of mice submitted to a hippocampo-dependant task of object location
Habib, Marianne. "Influence des émotions sur la prise de décision chez l'enfant, l'adolescent et l'adulte : Comment le contexte socio-émotionnel et le développement des émotions contrefactuelles influencent-ils nos choix ?" Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794209.
Full textPicone, Olivier. "Influence de l'alimentation hyperlipidique hypercholestérolémique sur l'expression génique embryonnaire et le développement de maladies à long terme. : etudes sur le modèle lapin." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718829.
Full textTollemer, Hélène. "Caractérisation et localisation de nouveaux peptides dérivés de la POMC-A dans l'hypophyse et le cerveau de la truite arc-en-ciel chez l'adulte et au cours du développement." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES034.
Full textThe trout POMC-A exhibits a unique C-terminal extension (KREQWGREEGEEKRALGERKYHFQG) which has not been found in any other species investigated to date. Using specific antibodies, we have localized in the adult rainbow trout EQWGREEGEE- and YHFQ-NH2-immunoreactive material in numerous pituitary cells, hypothalamic perikarya and nerve fibers. HPLC analysis combined with radioimmunoassay detection has revealed the existence of two decapeptides EQWGREEGEE and ALGERKYHFQ-NH2. The presence of EQWGREEGEE-related peptides was detected in the trout pituitary early during ontogeny and in the brain only later. Processing of the C-terminal domain of POMC-A yieLds two peptide forms at different stages of development and differs from that observed in the adult. In conclusion, postranslational processing of POMC-A generates, in pituitary and various brain regions of the trout, two novel decapeptides that may exert biological activities as hormones, neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators
Petit, Françoise. "Développement des compétences définitoires en situations sociales de construction de savoir : influence de la structuration sociale de la tâche : rôle de l'adulte expert et des échanges dialogiques entre pairs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10011.
Full textReilhac, Caroline. "Codage de l'identité et de la position lors du traitement de séquences de lettres : normo-lecteur versus dyslexique : étude comportementale chez l'enfant et étude en IRMf chez l'adulte." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1881/.
Full textWith time and practice, reading becomes a fully automatized activity that acts as an essential tool for our insertion in the social and cultural world around us. The acquisition of reading is long and laborious and relies on the readers' capacity to properly identify complex visual stimuli at such a fine degree that 'causal' must be discriminated from 'casual' within a single fixation. Consequently, letter-identity and letter-position encoding are crucial for visual identification of words. This thesis work fits into this research framework and investigates two main issues. First, we aimed to explore how letter-identity and letter-position encoding are modulated by letter context during reading acquisition and in developmental dyslexia. A letter-string comparison task was administered to participants who had to judge whether two successively and briefly presented letter strings were identical or different. Letter-position and letter-identity were manipulated through the transposition or substitution of two letters. Non-words, pseudo-words, and words were used as stimuli to investigate sub-lexical and lexical effects on letter encoding. Results show that orthographic processing (letter-identity and letter-position encoding) and lexical representations are subject to developmental changes and are strongly impaired in dyslexic children. A disorder of visuo-attention (VA) span, i. E. A reduced VA capacity, in these dyslexic children might account for this deficit. Secondly, using fMRI, we investigated the neurobiological substrates of letter-position and letter-identity encoding in non-word context in normal and dyslexic adults. Healthy readers activate the parietal and ventral occipito-temporal (VOT) areas in the substitution condition, while dyslexics do not. In healthy readers, the transposition condition activates a more limited cortical network including VOT area, which was not activated in dyslexic participants. These findings provide new insights on the role of parietal and VOT regions in the early phase of visual word processing in reading and developmental dyslexia
Santerre, Christelle. "Le déterminisme du sexe de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas : sa cascade moléculaire, sa fenêtre temporelle et ses régulations potentielles chez l'adulte et lors du développement : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2064.
Full textIn the pacific oyster, successive irregular protandrous hermaphrodite, the mode and period of sex determination remain unknown. This thesis consisted in specifying the molecular pathway and the temporal window of this process in adult and during development as well as its epigenetic and environmental potential regulations. Two new molecular actors respectively male and female were identified, Cg-SoxE and Cg-β-catenin. The natural antisense transcript of Cg-Foxl2 was also characterized; it may take part in male gonadic differentiation by inhibiting the expression of Cg-Foxl2 through duplex formation. In adult, expressions of these four factors analyzed by qRT-PCR and by in situ hybridization suggest that sex determination would take place from stage III of a gametogenetic cycle to stage 0 of the following cycle. A model of molecular pathway in adult proposes a balance of expressions between male and female factors characterized up to now (including Cg-DMl, actor of male gonadic differentiation). This balance could be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms as is the case for Cg-Foxl2. In spat, expression profiles of these same factors (including Cg-DMl) show a balance of expressions between male and female actors modulated by temperature and in accordance with sex-ratios, suggesting a temperature-dependent sex determination. A model of molecular pathway proposed in spat raised at 18°C in optimal nutritional conditions suggests that sex determination would take place around 40-44 dpf, before first appearance of collecting ducts around 49 dpf
Monsel, Antoine. "Inflammation aiguë pulmonaire en réanimation : développement d'axes diagnostiques, préventifs et de thérapies immunomodulatrices." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066248/document.
Full textPneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are two facets of severe acute lunginflammation, often met in intensive care unit (ICU). Rapid diagnosis of pneumonia remains essential inorder to optimize their management. We worked on setting up a quick test diagnosis based on theintensity of alveolar neutrophils autofluorescence. The validation of this test in a multicenter cohort isunderway. Preventing microaspiration across the cuff remains a priority to prevent pneumonia inmechanically ventilated patients. Based on the results of an ex vivo study followed by a clinicalrandomized trial, we showed that tapered-cuff endotracheal tube prevented microaspiration in the exvivo model, without lowering intraoperative microaspirations and postoperative pneumonia rate aftermajor vascular surgery. Both studies yielded similar results concerning the higher variation of cuffpressureover time, which leads to the question of their safety of use in terms of potential resultingtracheal wall ischemia.Pneumonia represents 80% of the cause of ARDS, which can be viewed as lung uncontrolledinflammatory response. Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is a growing field ofresearch in ARDS therapy. Despite numerous beneficial effects in ARDS, their capacity of self-renewalpoints them out as a potential cancer inducer in the mid-long term. In this context, evaluating thetherapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles-released from MSC (EV-MSC) represents a novel approach.We showed therapeutic effects of EC-CSM in two murine model of ARDS induced by endotoxin or liveEscherichia coli bacteria, and in another ex vivo human lung preparation.We then focused our research on temporal and compartmental dynamics of regulatory T cells(Treg) phenotypes in ARDS patients. This prospective observational clinical study showed that Early ARDSwas characterized with an alveolar compartment fully polarized towards pro-inflammatory state andneutrophils chemotaxis. In lung compartment, and compared to control patients, ARDS patients showeda quantitative Tregs deficiency, which partially recovered over time, while activation markers wereoverexpressed in both Tregs and effectors T cells (Teff). Conversely, patients with ARDS had a higherproportion of systemic Tregs compared to controls. Significant increased proportion in circulating Th1,Th22, and ILC1 subsets, and decreased proportion in ILC3 subsets were also found in ARDS patientscompared to controls.In conclusion, we developed novel strategies to diagnose and prevent pneumonia in ICU, whichremains essential to improve patients’ outcomes. Therapeutic effects of MSC and EV-MSC, as well asTreg phenotype alterations pave the way for development of novel immunoregulatory therapies
Erjavec, Grozdana. "Apport des mouvements buccaux, des mouvements extra-buccaux et du contexte facial à la perception de la parole chez l'enfant et chez l'adulte." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080118/document.
Full textThe present thesis work fits into the domain/is incorporated within the framework of research on audio-visual (AV) speech perception. Its objective is to answer the following questions: (i) What is the nature of visual input processing (holistic vs analytic) in AV speech perception? (ii) What is the implication of extra-oral facial movement in AV speech perception? (iii) What are the oculomotor patterns in AV speech perception? (iv) What are the developmental changes in the above-mentioned aspects (i), (ii) and (iii)? The classic noise degradation paradigm was applied in two experiments conducted in the framework of the present thesis. Each experiment were conducted on participants of 4 age groups, adults, adolescents, pre-adolescents and children. Each group consisted of 16 participants. Participants’ task was to repeat consonant-vowel (/a/) syllables. The syllables were both mildly and strongly degraded by pink noise and were presented in four audio(-visual) conditions, one purely auditory (AO) and three audio-visual conditions. The AV conditions were the following: (i) AV face (AVF), (ii) AV « mouth extraction » (AVM-E ; mouth format without visual contrasts), (iii) AV « mouth window » (AVM-W ; mouth format with high visual contrasts) in experiment 1, and (i) AVF, (ii) AVF « mouth active (and facial frame static) » (AVF-MA), (iii) AVF « extra-oral regions active (and mouth absent) » (AVF-EOA) in experiment 2. The data relative to (i) the total number of correct repetitions (total performance), (ii) the difference in the correct repetitions score between each AV and the AO condition (AV gain), and (iii) the total fixations duration in the oral area and other facial areas (for the AV formats) were analyzed. The main results showed that the mechanisms involved in AV speech perception reach their maturity before late childhood. The vision of the talker’s full face does not seem to be advantageous in this context. It seems that the vision of the talker’s full face might perturb AV speech processing in adults, possibly because it triggers processing of other types of information (identity, facial expressions) which could in terms interfere with the processing of acoustic aspects of speech. The contribution of the extra-oral articulatory movement to AV speech perception was poor and limited to the condition of highly degraded auditory information. For ecologically presented facial information, the oculomotor patterns in AV speech perception varied as a function of the level of auditory information degradation, but appeared rather stable across the 4 groups. Finally, the modalities of the featural (mouth) facial information presentation affected the oculomotor behavior patterns in adults, pre-adolescents and children, thus suggesting a certain sensitivity of visuo-attentional processing to low-level visual stimuli characteristics in AV speech perception. The variations in visuo-attentional processing seemed to be associated to a certain extent with variations in AV speech perception
Fança-Berthon, Pascale. "Le retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) altère-t-il la maturation de la barrière et la mise en place du microbiote colique au cours du développement postnatal ? : ces effets sont-ils encore perceptibles chez l'adulte ?" Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2055.
Full textKitsiouli, Eirini. "Etudes biochimique et immunochimique du liquide bronchoalvéolaire de patients atteints du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈. Développement d'une méthode fluorimétrique pour le dosage des activités phospholipase A2 et PAF-acétylhydrolase dans les fluides biologiques." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28720.
Full textStéphan, Sylvie. "Un rebond au singulier pluriel : l'après-transmission du cédant mature en PME." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0064/document.
Full textThe aim of the present research is to provide a theoretical, empirical and practical exploration of post- succession, from the perspective of the transferor who has transferred a healthy or apparently healthy SME for a reason other than retirement. Following a pilot case study, the research focused on the investigation of the voluntary post-succession of the mature SME transferor, as an opportunity for pluridimensional rebound. The conceptual framework emerges from theories of midlife psychosocial development, adult cognitive style development and reinvestment strategy and the concept of multiple identities. Based on a study of multiple cases, using eight units of analysis, the results lead to the understanding of the rebound dynamics of the mature SME transferor (1), modelling of the rebound process associated with the development of the status of transferor/reinvestor (2) and the formulation of a taxonomy of individual rebound trajectories (3). Finally, the post- succession of the mature SME transferor is revealed to be a “singular-plural” rebound
Fornecker, Luc-Matthieu. "Développements méthodologiques en analyse protéomique pour la découverte et la validation de biomarqueurs dans les hémopathies lymphoïdes B de l'adulte." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF015/document.
Full textThe current development of new « omics » technologies has led to the discovery of a large number of potential biomarkers, particularly in the field of oncology. Proteomics analysis bymass spectrometry have particularly benefited from these technological advances with the development of new global or targeted quantitative approaches. Nevertheless, only a few numbers of potential biomarkers are finally used in clinical practice, requiring further optimization of the development process. Following the initial identification of biomarkers in the diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies performed previously, this thesis has allowed the development of a targeted proteomics method that can be used for the validation of new potential biomarkers. The ability of analysing a large number of samples with a global quantitative approach has also been demonstrated. The application of these global quantitative strategies on lymph node tissue of aggressive lymphoma has permitted the identification of potential new biomarkers associated with chemorefractoriness. Lastly, a tube-gel protocol facilitating the analysis of a large number of samples has been validated for differential proteomics studies
Postel, Charlotte. "Anomalies structurales de la région hippocampique chez l'adolescent et l'adulte souffrant d'un trouble de stress post-traumatique Hippocampal subfields alterations in adolescents with PTSD Hippocampal subfields alterations in terrorist attack survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder Hippocampal subfields plasticity following post-traumatic stress disorder : a longitudinal study Développement de l'hippocampe durant l'enfance et l'adolescence Prospective memory in adolescents with autism : a preliminary study of the impact of memory load." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC005.
Full textPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with structural differences within several cerebral regions, such as the hippocampus. A smaller hippocampal volume is thought to foster the development and the maintenance of the pathology. The hippocampus is composed of several subfields (Cornu Ammonis (CA1, CA2 and CA3), Dentate gyrus (DG), Subiculum), each having different histological characteristics and functions. Hence, the objectives of this thesis were to (1) investigate structural alterations within hippocampal subfields and (2) explore the links between these alterations and the symptoms in adolescents and adults suffering from PTSD. Our results showed a smaller volume of the region CA2-3/DG in adolescents with PTSD and suggested that this alteration could foster re-experiencing symptoms. Adults with PTSD had smaller volumes of CA2-3/DG and CA1. An alteration of CA2-3/DG was associated with avoidance, hyperarousal and depression symptoms while smaller CA1 volume was associated with more severe re-experiencing symptoms. Our results also suggested that enhanced hippocampal plasticity in adults could promote a reduction of the symptoms. Indeed, an augmentation of CA2-3/DG and CA1 volumes in adults with PTSD, over a period of two years, was associated with a reduction of depression and re-experiencing symptoms, respectively. Hence, targeting hippocampal plasticity in PTSD individuals could be a promising approach to promote symptoms reduction
Ciavaldini-Cartaut, Solange. "Histoire de l'activité conjointe dans la formation de terrain des enseignants du secondaire : vers une psychologie du développement de l'activité de l'adulte en formation." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472312.
Full textNoiray, Aude. "L'anticipation d'arrondissement vocalique et le Modèle d'Expansion du MouvementDeux extensions : du français à l'anglais et de l'adulte à l'enfant." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180059.
Full textDesrochers, Suzanne. "Les apprentissages impliqués dans le développement spirituel d'adultes qui commencent ou recommencent une démarche d'éducation catholique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8253.
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