Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement des systèmes sensoriels'
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Rateau, Yann. "Effet de la modulation de l'activité thalamique par la sérotonine pendant la mise en place du champs de barils chez la souris nouveau-née." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066651.
Full textSchuster, Kevin. "Se trouver, se perdre, se retrouver : innervation des organes sensoriels de la ligne latérale." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20008.
Full textIn this thesis, I address the question of how peripheral axons of sensory neurons find their distant target organs. In the case of the posterior lateral line (PLL) system of zebrafish, sensory organs are deposited by a migrating primordium and sensory neurites accompany this primordium during its migration. In this way, the neurites are guided to their prospective target organs. I show that the inactivation of «Glial cell line Derived Neurotrophic Factor » (GDNF) signaling leads to the inability of sensory axons to track the migrating primordium. GDNF signaling is also used as a guidance cue during axonal regeneration following nerve cut. I conclude that GDNF is a major determinant of directed neuritic growth and of target finding in this system, and propose that GDNF acts by promoting local neurite outgrowth. Further, I demonstrate that «Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor » (BDNF) signaling exerts another role in PLL development as it is essent ial to anchor and properly connect axons to their targets organs.In another project, we could demonstrate that the development of the embryonic PLL of the atlantic blue-fin tuna shows striking similarities to that of the relatively basal zebrafish, including that PLL axons follow the migrating primordium
Wang, Gang. "Principes généraux d'aide à la conception et au développement d'un système expert temps réel : application à la fusion multi-sensorielle." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20286.
Full textBombardier, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'intégration des attentes sensorielles dans l'ingénierie de produit : application au confort des sièges automobiles." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10005.
Full textNowadays, in a highly competitive context, factories have to be as close as possible to customers wishes. Then, when customers wish to feel comfort in a product use, such a car, factories must integrate the comfort aspects of the product in the really first step of design. This comfort cornes from good seats which must integrate the customers wishes due to the contact comfort. Our studies show processes used to integrate information due to contact comfort in the design of car seats. In a first part we will clarify the context of design and we develop the process used to solve the problem. The process is based on the definition of a sensory performance of the product. In a second part, we explain the agreement between the design process used in PSA Peugeot Citroen and the representation of information useful for sensory specification integration. The third part shows the results of the studies realised to obtain sensory specification values with pressure images which were representative of human-seat interaction. The process used is based on human sensation that is why we used human definition of parameters in order to develop stimuli responsible of sensations. Imperfection of information, due to definitions or measures, can be integrate in the process with the fuzzy logic theory. A the end, the process of sensory specification is applied on four sensory measures of the contact comfort of the car seat
Hong, Yan. "Développement d’un système intelligent d’aide à la création de vêtements personnalisés pour des personnes à morphologie atypique par exploitation de connaissances." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I014/document.
Full textThis PhD research project aims at developing a new Personalized Garment Design Support System (PGDSS) for People with Atypical Morphology (PWAM). This system enables to quickly develop garments adapted to their special Functional, Expressive and Aesthetic (FEA) needs and atypical morphologies. In order to realize the proposed PGDSS, two subsystems are developed: the Personalized Fashion Recommendation System (PFRS) and Virtual 3D-to-2D Garment Prototyping Platform (VGPP). The PFRS is developed for selecting the most relevant personalized garment design solutions in terms of color, fabric and style, while the VGPP enables designers to quickly create virtual garments according to their design criteria (product profiles) and visualize them in order to adjust design parameters. The proposed PGDSS can be fully used online. It can be further connected to a garment e-shopping platform or an offline automatic garment manufacturing system.The design factors for personalized garments have been identified and analyzed in my PhD research. The new products generated by the proposed system will meet the specific demands and functions imposed by people with atypical morphology in terms of ergonomics, biophysics, psychology, aesthetics, comfort and convenience. The proposed system is able to offer more personalized designs at low-cost level for highly customized garment market
Scotto, Lomassese Sophie. "La neurogénèse chez l'insecte adulte : régulation par l'environnement sensoriel et social et rôle fonctionnel." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11033.
Full textPalavalli, Amrutha Ravindranath. "Etude de la dynamique du développement des dendrites dans les neurones sensoriels de la Drosophile." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191213_PALAVALLI_199shz503gjpdt117oxkoxb397dogzc_TH%20(1).pdf.
Full textNeurons have very specific dendrite morphologies crucial for the correct integration of inputs that they receive. Dendrite morphology is likely shaped by both internal and external inputs that are tightly controlled in space and time. Although several molecules and pathways involved in dendrite patterning are known, how these molecules instruct neurons to achieve their type-specific morphology remains unclear. This is mainly due to a lack of precise descriptions during dendrite development as in vivo live imaging of neuronal systems has several technical challenges. However, two mechanisms of branching morphogenesis emerge from studying branched systems in which such precise descriptions during development have been possible. Deterministic systems have stereotyped, predictable branch points often controlled by extrinsically patterned developmental cues. Self-Organized systems are variable but branching features follow conserved statistical rules that ultimately result in similar morphologies. Our study therefore aimed to understand whether neuronal morphogenesis was deterministic or self-organized. We used the Drosophila multi-dendritic neurons that been a favored system for studying dendrite morphology. We first established that a majority dendrite patterning occurs during embryogenesis after which the dendrite pattern nearly scales with larval growth. We then developed a protocol to observe embryonic development of the dendrite, which suggested that the primary branches grow deterministically and that secondary branches might be self-organized. We further show that secondary branches are patterned at least partly by self-repulsion via dscam1
Mosbahi-Khalgui, Olfa. "Développement formel de systèmes automatisés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL007N/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of automated systems while following the formal methods B and TLA+. We propose a formal methodology based on the refinement paradigm to specify and verify the system that we model by two components: the controlled system representing the physical device and its environment, and the controller that controls the system. A synchronised product on the actions of these two components is applied to specify the automated system. As a first contribution, we propose an approach combining the event B method and the language TLA+ in order to verify liveness properties defined in user requirements. Inspired by the temporal logic of actions TLA, we first extend the event B notation to specify liveness properties and we give semantics of this extended syntax over traces. Second, we give transformation rules from a temporal B model into a TLA+ module. We present, in particular, our prototype system called B2TLA+, that we have developed to support this transformation. To consider infinite systems, we use predicate diagrams as abstractions of systems modelled with TLA+. To consider the real-time concept in automated systems, we propose as a second contribution a technique explicitly representing time in B event systems. This technique is based on an interleaving between any event handling time and the other system events. By considering the well known co-design technique, we propose as a third contribution a refinement-based composition technique keeping a separation between controller and controlled systems in order to build correct automated systems satisfying user requirements. We prove a compositionality theorem with respect to refinement to get an efficient approach to verify the refinement of a synchronized composition between components. We verify the refinement of a synchronized composition by verifying separately the refinement of each component. Finally, we define, prove and use in a case study as a fourth contribution the concept of a refinement pattern for continuous processes in manufacturing systems. Such proven pattern allows us to use the discrete abstraction of the effect of continuous processes operating for a while
Chiori, Roxane. "L'évolution du système nerveux des Cœlentérés (Cnidaires et Cténaires) : un concept phylogénétique confronté à la démarche Evo-Dévo." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066148.
Full textDessus, Benjamin. "Systèmes énergétiques pour un développement durable." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21007.
Full textThe work is an attempt to answer the following question : is it possible to design a world energy system able to fulfill the needs of a developed humanity of 11 billion inhabitants in 2100, without taking the risk to destroy our planet or to place our reliance on science or technology ruptures that we are unable to predict? this question can be split in three questions : are they technical possibilities and sufficient energy resources? if the techical feasability is demonstrated what about the economic aspect? if the technical and economic credibility are demonstrated, what are the barriers to the implementation of strategies and how to overpassthem? the technical feasability is demonstrated through the description of the scenario noe (new options for energy) which shows that it is possible to satisfy the energy needs of 11 billion people in 2100 without big global environment problems. This scenario relies on energy efficiency and diversification ef energy resources. The economical credibility is deminstrated through the analysis of comaprative expenses of this scenario and of one of the scenarios of the world energy council. This calulation shows that the noe scenario is less expensive for discount rates up to ten per cent. The noe scenario appears indeed as a win-win scenario. Social and policy barriers are analysed and some policy proposal are made to overpass the barriers
Dessaud, Eric. "Marqueurs de sous-populations neuronales et analyse du développement des neurones moteurs et sensoriels chez la souris." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22006.
Full textMenard, Marie. "Le récepteur à dépendance TrkC : signalisation apoptotique et signification biologique en développement et en tumorigenèse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10209.
Full textDependence receptors are able to activate two cellular pathways: in the presence of their ligand, they activate positive signaling of survival, differentiation and migration, but in the absence of their ligand, they activate the apoptosis of the cell. This dual function is implied both during the embryonic development, and in the homeostasis maintenance in adults. lndeed, it enables the control of cellular proliferation, and the elimination of cells migrating outside their defined territory, in an environment where the ligand availability is limited. Therefore, dependence receptors have also been caracterised as conditionnal tumor suppressors in various types of cancer. TrkC, the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor, belongs to this functional family. ln the absence of NT-3, TrkC under its monomeric for mis cleaved by caspases : this cleavage induces the release of a highly apoptotic fragment, called TrkC-KF (Killer Fragment). ln this manuscript, we describe the molecular mecanism by which TrkC-KF induces apoptosis. lndeed, we determined that TrkC-KF associates in the cytoplasm with the Cobral protein, allowing its transport to the mitochondria : TrkC-KF enables Bax activation, which releases the cytochrome C forming the apoptosome. TrkC-KF is also transported by importins into the nucleus, where it directly interacts with the transcription factor Heyl. This complex inhibits MDM2 transcription, allowing p53 stabilisation : p53 activates the transcription of proapoptotic genes, among them Cobral and Bax. TrkC-KF has therefore a dual signalisation, one mitochondrial pathway enabling the apoptosome formation, one nuclear pathway upregulating the transcription of TrkC-KF partners. We then aimed at defining the biological relevance of this apoptotic signaling of TrkC, both during the development and tumorigenesis. lndeed, TrkC expression, in the absence of NT-3, induces in vivo the apoptosis of developing neurons in the nervous system. Moreover, NT-3-KO mice show a loss of 70% of neurons in the forming dorsal root ganglia (DRG), while TrkC-KO mice show only a 30% loss
Jerbi, Walid. "Développement d'un système de caractérisation en ligne de la qualité d'uniformité d'un matériau nontissé par méthode optique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10188/document.
Full textCompetition and development of the nonwovens industry push to invent and design more efficient and economical production lines. In this context, and in order to be able to meet the market requirements, the control of the nonwoven products quality and the manufacturing processes is the key to success. Some of the structural parameters of a nonwoven product can be measured objectively, while others depend on a subjective appreciation. This work focuses on the uniformity property of the nonwoven product. This property deals with the distribution of fibres in the web structure. The control of this structural parameter could improve both the economical and technical aspects of the nonwoven product. Several methods and techniques for measuring the uniformity properties of the nonwoven product are presented in the literature. These methods use different approaches and often their results do not converge. Since no standard or reference method exists for assessing the uniformity property of a nonwoven product, we propose to use the sensory panel technique. After analysing the assessors' observations and notes, this technique allows us not only to well understand the uniformity notion but also to establish a standard reference. This standard reference will be used in order to evaluate any newly proposed objective method for uniformity evaluation. Once the descriptors extracted from the observation of the assessors in the sensory panel, a new multi-criteria objective method of uniformity evaluation is proposed. This new method is then compared to the results of the sensory panel and the other existing methods
Salamon, Natalia. "Développement de systèmes de récupération d’énergie thermique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI011/document.
Full textThe goal of the present work was to design and fabricate a fully silicon oscillating device that converts thermal energy into electricity, applying phenomena of liquid to gas phase-change and piezoelectricity. It should be characterized by simplicity of construction, small size, and ease of manufacture. The diameter should not exceed 2 cm, while the thickness should be within 2 mm.The device was composed of three Si wafers comprising evaporation and condensing chambers, and the channel connecting these two elements. A PZT-based transducer mounted on top of the structure was applied to ensure energy conversion.The design process included the establishment of the device geometry, the type of the working fluid enclosed inside the system, a type, size and assembly technique of a piezoelectric element, as well as a bonding method of several silicon elements of the device.The practical realization of the designed prototypes was aimed at selecting the most suitable technological processes for structure fabrication. All the experiments had been performed in a clean room environment and employed wet oxidation, photolithography, a well-known, easily available wet chemical etching in KOH solution, and a silicon bonding technique with the use of SU-8 photoresist as an intermediate layer. Additionally, during the practical work a few tools have been designed and developed to enhance the device fabrication, amongst which a vacuum pump dedicated to bond the three silicon wafers as structural elements of the prototypesThe fabricated prototypes were tested in terms of oscillation mechanism and electrical properties. The influence of the filling ratio and the hot temperature value on the generated signal was established. Additionally, the power range of the prototypes has been evaluated. In the last part of the study, optimization steps for the devices developed in the present work have been proposed
Galdi, Chiara. "Conception et développement de systèmes biométriques multimodaux." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0015/document.
Full textBiometric recognition for a long time has been used in confined spaces, usually indoor, where security-critical operations required high accuracy recognition systems, e.g. in police stations, banks, companies, airports. Field activities, on the contrary, required more portability and flexibility leading to the development of devices for less constrained biometric traits acquisition and consequently of robust algorithms for biometric recognition in less constrained conditions. However, the application of "portable" biometric recognition, was still limited in specific fields e.g. for immigration control, and still required dedicated devices. A further step would be to spread the use of biometric recognition on personal devices, as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. Some attempts in this direction were made embedding fingerprint scanners in laptops or smartphones. So far biometric recognition on personal devices has been employed just for a limited set of tasks, as to unlock the screen using fingerprints instead of passwords. The research activities described in this thesis were focused on studying and developing solutions for iris recognition on mobile devices. This topic has been analyzed in all its main phases: - Acquisition: collection of the MICHE database, containing pictures of irises acquired by mobile devices; - Segmentation: development of an innovative iris segmentation algorithm; - Feature extraction and matching: iris recognition has been combined with the face and with sensor (smartphone) recognition. Finally, the use of gaze analysis for human recognition has been investigated in order to verify its possible fusion with iris
Petitdemange, Franck. "Développement évolutionnaire de systèmes de systèmes avec une approche par patron de reconfiguration dynamique." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS510/document.
Full textThe growing complexity of our socio-economic environment is reflected in software engineering by an increase of the size of systems and therefore their complexity. Current systems are mostly concurrent, widely distributed and composed of other systems. They are then called Systems of Systems (SoS). The complexity of systems of systems lies in five intrinsic characteristics: the operational independence of the constituent systems, their managerial independence, the geographical distribution, the existence of emerging behaviours, and finally an evolutionary development process.SoS evolve in unpredictable environment and are constantly integrating new systems. We deal with the problem of the evolutionary development of a SoS by using dynamic reconfiguration. We have defined a process for developing configuration models and a reconfiguration design process incorporating the concept of reconfiguration pattern. For the validity and feasibility of our approach, we have developed an experimental framework based on our real case study of organization of the French emergency service
Fonseca, Livramento da Silva Renato. "Conception d'un outil d'assistance pour les phases préliminaires de projet basée sur les principes de systèmes sensoriels, utilisabilité et conception universelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI041.
Full textThe knowledge of the functioning of the human sensory system by the designer, can contribute to the creation of concepts and initial alternatives of design solution in the initial phases of the projects. It can effectively give specific information on the sensory, cognitive and motor capacities of users. However, making this information systematically available is still an emerging practice in architecture, industrial design and engineering. In this context, this Ph.D. thesis aims to develop a support tool for multidisciplinary teams in the creation of concepts and alternative solutions, user centered, within the framework of Architecture, Industrial Design and Product Engineering, considering three conceptual bases: Sensory System, Usability and Universal Design. The research method took place in four stages: (1) the study of the literature focused on the three conceptual bases and on project development methods, (2) the development of the tool, based on a user-centered approach by mobilizing students and professors from Master and Doctorate programs in France and Brazil and professionals from industry, (3) the evaluation of the tool by a panel of Brazilian experts from different disciplines and having experience in project development and finally (4) analyzing the results which validate the functions of the tool. Through simple and intuitive use on a digital platform, it contributes to collaborative work by providing more complete information allowing the creation of concepts and initial alternatives of design solutions
Hili, Nicolas. "Une méthode pour le développement collaboratif de systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM079/document.
Full textEmbedded system development is complex. This complexity has several sources. A firstone is embedded system own specificities (physical world measurement and control, executionon a physical resource-constrained platform, reliability, responsiveness, . . . ) that distinguishthemselves from software systems. Another one comes from industrial concerns about whomthese systems are subject to : product and development costs and delays, multidisciplinaryteams, system documentation and certification. To handle this complexity, few methods andlanguages have been proposed. They focus on a modeling of both application and platform partincluded in an embedded system. However, the notions of method and process model are barelyknown from the embedded system community and current methods do not capitalize on theknowledge acquired by other engineering domains like information systems. The goal of thisthesis is the definition, the formalization and the tooling of an embedded system developmentmethod. To do that, this work focuses on four main contributions : (1) the formalization ofa guided process and a language to ensure a consistent modeling of both the application andthe platform, (2) the composition of complex platforms to permit a progressive implementationof an application on its concrete platform, (3) the integration of a project management anda product traceability allowing the project manager to measure and monitor the developmentprogress, to organize his team and to parallelize the development, and (4) the development ofa tool designed to support the process, the language and the project management
Proch, Cyril. "Assistance au développement incrémental et prouvé de systèmes enfouis." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0012_PROCH.pdf.
Full textDesign process in electronic engineering is not formally defined and developments are based on empirical knowledge. Systems validation is made by tests but these are incomplete and all scenarios or use cases are not tested. We propose a design method built on proof and based on a case study, the RNRT project EQUAST, in the domain of digital television (DVB-T). Our works are based on refinement and its use helps tracability by distributing complexity in steps of refinement. The models help designer in his choices by structuring tasks of the system thanks to invariant properties and refinement. We propose a translation from models to SystemC code; produced code conserves properties of source models and helps to verify electronic constraints. Translation correction is proved by use of B event-based models which explain simulation semantics of SystemC. A specific SystemC program can be represented with a B model. This model is an instanciation of generic models describing SystemC simulation. With the help of refinement, we have shown that simulation of programs conserves properties of abstract models
Dumbs, Christian. "Développement d'outils pour l'analyse des systèmes hybrides photovoltaïque-diesel." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0904.
Full textFriocourt, François. "Développement et évolution des systèmes commissuraux chez les vertébrés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066149/document.
Full textIn most bilateria, some neurons, called commissural neurons, extend their axons across midline to connect with contralateral targets. Netrin-1, a protein secreted at the ventral midline by the floor plate, atracts commissural axons and guide them towards midline. It is thought that the DCC receptor mediates Netrin-1 attraction towards ventral midline. However, in the mouse, Robo3 receptor also participate to Netrin-1 attractive signaling, and is necessary for commissural axons to reach ventral mdline. In this work, we have been studiing Robo3 and DCC receptors conservation in vertebrates. Strickingly, we found that birds withinh two major groups, the Galliforms and Passeriforms, do not have a Dcc gene. However, our comparative analysis of commissure development in birds revealed no difference between birds having or not DCC. On the other hand, Robo3 gene is present in all vertebrates studied, but is divergent in mammals. Especially Robo3 does not bind its cananical lignads Slits in these group. In amniotes, Robo3 is specifically expressed in commissural axons before they cross the midline. In contrast, Robo3 expression in other vertebrates is broder, and its exact function in commissural axon guidance remains unclear. Finally, restoring Slit binding to Robo3 in mammals does not affect commissural guidance, and the rôle of Robo3-Slit signaling in other vertebrates remains unclear. These data shed a new light on commissures diversity and their guidance mechanism among vertebrates
Desponds, Jonathan. "Systèmes stochastiques en interaction en biophysique : immunologie et développement." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE037/document.
Full textThis work presents two problems of biology requiring data analysis and models from statistical mechanics: population dynamics in immunology and gene regulation in embryo development. In immunology I study the problem of somatic evolution in the adaptive immune system: selection of and competition among cells that form a close-to-Darwinian system within one individual. First, I consider different potential hypotheses for selective dynamics: division and death signals through antigen binding or cytokines, dynamical parameters for division, death and fluctuations of the environment. I explore their impact on clone sizes. Experimentally, these clone sizes show heavy tail distributions for different species and differentpools of cells. Two families of models emerge: models where noise is consistent at the level of the clone and models where it varies from cell to cell. I show how clone size distributions help discriminate between these models and relate the shape of the distribution and the exponent of the power law to biological parameters. Second, I explore the specifics of the complex stochastic network of clones and antigens: its dimensionality, connectivity and dynamics. I study the effect of selection at different time scales and the speed of evolution of the clones. The second part of this dissertation concerns embryo development. In the fly embryo, it is crucial that nuclei can evaluate their position within the organism accurately to determine cell fate and build a healthy organism. This positional information is obtained, transferred, and maintained through diffusion of proteins and activation of genetic networks. More specifically, the patterning of the antero-posterior axis in drosophila requires the hunchback gene, activated by the Bicoid protein. I analyze data from fluorescent live imaging in the early cell cycles of the embryo. I build a tailor-made model to analyze autocorrelation functions of fluorescence time traces overcoming all biological and experimental challenges (noise, calibration, short traces, transgene construct) to extract the parameters of hunchback activation. I examine several potential types of dynamics for gene switiching (Poisson, Markovian or non-Markovian) and predict their impact on positional information and the accuracy of bicoid gradient readout
Daclin, Nicolas. "Contribution au développement d'une méthodologie pour l'interopérabilité des entreprises." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13500.
Full textGauvin, Jonathan. "Développement de limiteurs de puissance radiofréquence à MEMS-RF." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c43b8471-8047-407f-b7e6-925e9eb69c09/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4015.pdf.
Full textThe constant evolution of telecommunications systems has led to the necessity to protect them against possible attacks that can cause deterioration of radar or satellite receivers. Thus, microwave power limiting devices are placed in front-ends receivers chains to avoid system malfunction during a glare. Despite their signicant insertion loss and high power consumption, devices using PIN and Schottky diodes perform the power limiting function. In recent years, electrostatically actuated RF-MEMS demonstrated they can replace semiconductors in tunable devices since losses and consumption of this technology are much better. Thus, the study of a power limiter RF-MEMS-based, fully passive with almost zero consumption and very low losses is an interesting and innovative solution to reduce costs while improving performances of this kind of system. The research of this thesis is in this context and aims to investigate the possibility of integrating RF-MEMS into front-end receivers to protect telecommunications systems against high power signals
Ranger, Jean-Marc. "Environnement matériel et logiciel pour le développement de systèmes intelligents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ56962.pdf.
Full textSarzeaud, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude et au développement de systèmes connexionnistes modulaires." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20137.
Full textScalabrin, Edson Emílio. "Conception et réalisation d'environnement de développement de systèmes d'agents cognitifs." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD948.
Full textBerdjugin, Jean-François. "Un environnement de développement formel de systèmes distribués temps réel." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30056.
Full textCantieni, Eric. "Développement d'un outil pour la synthèse hiérarchique de systèmes analogiques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0014.
Full textDurin, France Agnès. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes retardateurs de flamme multicomposants dans l'Eva." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20084.
Full textZanetti, Caroline. "Caractérisation du développement des systèmes racinaires ligneux dans les digues." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10042.
Full textChiari, Lucile. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes bio-hybrides pour la photocatalyse asymétrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV029.
Full textFor the last decades the development of sustainable chemistry became a priority for our society. In this context, biocatalysis appears to be an interesting solution, through the use of natural, modified or artificial enzymes consisting of a synthetic catalyst grafted into a protein.In this project, we aim to develop bio-hybrid photocatalysts combining a photosensitizer (RuPhot) and a catalyst (RuCat) within a protein crystal for heterogeneous asymmetric oxidation photocatalysis of organic substrates using water as the only source of oxygen atoms. The selected protein is the oligomerization domain of the Leafy protein of Ginkgo biloba. This protein is able to generate porous structures by self-assembly. Inside the tubes, a peptide chain of about 30 amino acids per monomer is present and it will serve as grafting platform. Three crystalline hybrid systems were obtained with RuPhot and RuCat alone as well as a combination of the two. The characterization was carried out on the RuCat hybrid providing interesting information on the kinetics and selectivity of grafting as well as on a modification of the catalyst during grafting. The studies carried out on the RuPhot hybrids have shown that it was possible, as planned, to graft several chromophores per protein and thus benefit from an antenna effect for maximum efficiency. Catalytic studies for the oxidation of sulphides and alkenes are underway.In a completely different field, 16% of this thesis was devoted to a doctoral consulting contract with the company NMRBio. The objective was to develop new pathways for the synthesis of stable isotope-labelled compounds in order to perform structural and dynamic NMR studies in proteins
Bornerie, Megane. "Développement d'architectures foldamères comme systèmes de transport originaux de biomolécules." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0210.
Full textPeptidomimetic oligourea foldamers are now used to mimic the composition and the structure of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to deliver biomolecules (i.e nucleic acids) into cells. It has been recently shown that dimerisation of short amphipatic oligoureas enables to efficiently deliver nucleic acids (i.e plasmid DNA) into different cell lines. In this context, a new hybrid urea-peptide cell penetrating foldamer (CPF) has been designed and was shown to be able to deliver pDNA into different cell lines with comparable efficiency than commercially available delivery agents. Moreover, this new CPF exhibits a high stability in serum-rich media. In this project, other CPFs have been developed to specifically deliver small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into cells. Indeed, small RNAs can be used to inhibit the expression of a targeted protein and their therapeutic potential has drawn significant interest over the past 10 years. In this work, two different siRNAs have been successively delivered: one targeting a reporter gene and the other one an endogenous gene. During this thesis, it has been shown that oligourea CPFs can also be used to deliver proteins with various size and charge into different cell lines. Finally, this study also tried to modulate the helicity of oligourea foldamers to extend their biomimetic applications
Benezech, Claire. "Développement et étude de systèmes d'interactions tripartites, légumineuses-rhizobia-pathogènes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30289.
Full textNitrogen is essential element for the development of all living beings. Although it is found in large quantity in the air, in the form of dinitrogen, it is not directly assimilable by most organisms. For example, plants are not able to assimilate this form. However, in a nitrogen deficient environment, legumes are able to interact with soil borne bacteria, rhizobia, which fix nitrogen thanks to an enzymatic complex, the nitrogenase. Indeed, bacteria reduce dinitrogen in ammonium; plants can assimilate this form. Plants host these bacteria in particular organs at the root level, the nodules, where they provide nutrients to bacteria. Plant tolerates in its own cells a tremendous quantity of foreign organisms, estimated to one billion of rhizobia per nodule. The massive bacterial colonization of nodules is allowed thanks to the repression of plant immunity. Roots are in contact with the abundant soil microbiota, which raises the question of the potential vulnerability of the symbiotic organs and nodulated plants. The phD project aimed to evaluate the nodules vulnerability. To achieve this, we set up two tripartite systems involving the model legume, Medicago truncatula, its symbiont, Sinorhizobium medicae and separately two phytopathogenic microorganisms, a bacterium, Ralstonia solancearum and the fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We also characterized nodules responses to both pathogens using roots as reference. Finally, we estimated the influence of nodulation and nitrogen fixation on the plant vulnerability to pathogens. Work performed during these three years indicates that nodules are infection sites for pathogens. Those nodules are able to perceive the pathogen however, their response is different and less intense than that of roots. Results obtained with one of our tripartite system suggest that nodulation and nitrogen fixation give a greater sensitivity to pathogens
Hardy, Corentin. "Contribution au développement de l’apprentissage profond dans les systèmes distribués." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S020/document.
Full textDeep learning enables the development of a growing number of services. However, it requires large training databases and a lot of computing power. In order to reduce the costs of this deep learning, we propose a distributed computing setup to enable collaborative learning. Future users can participate with their devices and their data without moving private data in datacenters. We propose methods to train deep neural network in this distibuted system context
Ranger, Jean-Marc. "Environnement matériel et logiciel pour le développement des systèmes intelligents." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1067.
Full textMonthe, Djiadeu Valéry Marcial. "Développement des systèmes logiciels par transformation de modèles : application aux systèmes embarqués et à la robotique." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0113/document.
Full textWith the construction of increasingly complex robots, the growth of robotic software architectures and the explosion of ever greater diversity of applications and robots missions, the design, development and integration of software entities of robotic systems, constitute a major problem for the robotics community. Indeed, robotic software architectures and software development platforms for robotics are numerous, and are dependent on the type of robot (service robot, collaborative, agricultural, medical, etc.) and its usage mode (In cage, outdoor, environment with obstacles, etc.).The maintenance effort of these platforms and their development cost are therefore considerable.Roboticists are therefore asking themselves a fundamental question: how to reduce the development costs of robotic software systems, while increasing their quality and preserving the specificity and independence of each robotic system? This question induces several others: on the one hand, how to describe and encapsulate the various functions that the robot must provide, in the form of a set of interactive software entities? And on the other hand, how to give these software entities, properties of modularity, portability, reusability, interoperability etc.?In our opinion, one of the most likely and promising solutions to this question, is to raise the level of abstraction in defining the software entities that make up robotic systems. To do this, we turn to model-driven engineering, specifically the design of Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSML).In this thesis, we first realize a comparative study of modeling languages and methods used in the development of embedded real time systems in general. The objective of this first work is to see if there are some that can make it possible to answer the aforementioned questions of the roboticists. This study not only shows that these approaches are not adapted to the definition of robotic software architectures, but mainly results in a framework, which we propose and which helps to choose the method (s) and / or the modeling language (s) best suited to the needs of the designer. Subsequently, we propose a DSML called Robotic Software Architecture Modeling Language (RsaML), for the definition of robotic software architectures with real-time properties. To do this, a meta-model is proposed from the concepts that roboticists are used to in defining their applications. It constitutes the abstract syntax of the language. Real-time properties are identified and included in the relevant concepts. Semantic rules in the field of robotics are then defined as OCL constraints and then integrated into the meta-model, to allow non-functional and realtime property checks to be performed on the constructed models.Eclipse Modeling Framework has been used to implement an editor that supports the RsaML language. The rest of the work done in this thesis involved defining model transformations and then using them to implement generators. These generators make it possible from a RsaML model built, to produce its documentation and source code in C language. These contributions are validated through a case study describing a scenario based on the Khepera III robot
Sybord, Christine. "Méthode de développement propre aux sytèmes experts : la méthode Q4." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO3A004.
Full textMunyangaju, Vincent. "Systèmes agro-pastoraux et aménagement de l'espace rural au Rwanda." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMA001.
Full textRwanda, an agricultural and pastoral country with high rural density, is, more and more, faced with real spatial and environmental problems because of his rapid demographic growth. After a detailed study of agricultural and pastoral systems and existing rural planning policies, this thesis proposes a multi-scale integrated planning policy of his space, population, economy and environment
Ebert, Rolf. "Développement d'un environnement de simulation de systèmes complexes. Application aux bâtiments." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523619.
Full textWu, Ting. "Développement et application des systèmes microanalytiques dans le domaine de l'environnement." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463218.
Full textHaj, kacem Mohamed Amine. "Contribution au développement d'une méthodologie de diagnostic des systèmes Cyber-Physique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT119.
Full textIndustrial systems cover many forms. Today, they are most often organized in networks. The new information and communication technologies provide a set of additional means to realize applications of major interest to strengthen the safe operation of these systems and the safety of people.Among these industrial systems, we can cite cyber-physical systems (CPS) characterized by a large number of variables, nonlinearities and uncertainties. Their decomposition into subsystems, making them more manageable and hierarchically organized, is fundamental. Each of the subsystems consists of different interconnected replaceable components that perform different functions.With this in mind, we propose a diagnostic approach based on four types of knowledge: functional, structural, topological and behavioral.This approach, which includes detection and localization, exploits the representation of different knowledge to detect and isolate the source of failure. In order to eliminate any ambiguity of location, the addition of a timed automat allows, thanks to a temporal analysis, to efficiently identify the defective component(s). The proposed multimodel approach is organized around three algorithms.Modeling and failure analysis is illustrated on a cyber-physical system: the "RobAIR" telepresence robot. The different knowledge models were established with an analysis approach as well as the construction of the diagnostician based on previously defined signaturesThe implementation of Matlab's Simulink / Stateflow isolation and detection algorithms made it possible to build the diagnoser according to the proposed methodology and thus validate our approach by simulating the operation with random injection of various failures.The proposed analysis method was applied to the RobaIR robot's start-up tests with particular attention to the displacement part. The testing of all the robot's functionalities is done by programming the Arduino board. For this application, the detection and isolation algorithms have been supplemented by obstacle detection and failure mode identification
Valderruten, Vidal Alberto. "Modélisation des performances et développement de systèmes informatiques : une étude d'intégration." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30198.
Full textSarrant-Foresti, Maud. "Étude et développement de systèmes nanostructures pour des verres optiquement fonctionnels." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET4009.
Full textThe thesis reports on the results obtained in the frame of a PhD (Collaboration between Saint-Gobain Recherche, joint laboratory CNRS / Saint-Gobain and laboratory Hubert Curien) aiming at modelling and fabricating nanostructures for glass functionalization. The work focuses more especially on the modelling and fabrication of wire-grid broadband reflective polarizer for the visible spectrum. Modelling of deep metal diffraction gratings with any profile surface is exposed in the first part. Numerical calculation of such gratings is indeed a delicate issue, especially in the case of TM polarization : the thesis presents the electromagnetic model called «True-Mode Method» (TMM) adjusted for solving the problem. It is demonstrated that the TMM is robust and reliable enough for calculating gratings with any shape, including profiles with real fabrication defects. This demonstrates that the TMM can be used as an efficient and reliable grating design tool. Hot nanoimprint is studied in the second part as a large surface and low cost nanopatterning process. The nano-impression set-up is presented. The principle and first tests of a scatterometry set-up for measuring rheological properties of films to be nanoimpressed are presented. Finally we give the properties of a fabricated subwavelength wiregrid polarizer designed for the visible spectrum. Optical properties of the polarizer have been measured and compared to the TMM simulated ones
Laudou, Christophe. "L'esprit des systèmes : les conditions subjectives de développement de l'idéalisme allemand." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOL011.
Full textHow do we build a system of absolute knowledge? The present research tries to answer that question analyzing the subject speech relationship as seen in the systems of German idealism, which means highlighting the evolution of post-Kantian systems thanks to a phenomenology of speaking-up. The first four chapters try to make out the conditions of production of these systems : German idealism find in Spinoza certain conception of subject as negation of the difference, which is opposed to the Cartesian scheme of a word-bearer subject, and become the key-stone of the system seen as the institution-speech, the space of speaking of absolute knowledge impling putting the subject on the dead's place. Chapters five to eight try to give an account of the first state of Fichte, Schelling and Hegel’s system, chapters nine and ten give a hint of their evolution. The impossibility of introducing in the speech what is substracted by the speaking-up seems to explain the incompletion of Fichte and Schelling’s purpose and the discrepancy which still exists between Hegel’s system and its phenomenology
García-Gutiérrez, Luis Antonio. "Développement d'un contrôle actif tolérant aux défaillances appliqué aux systèmes PV." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30071.
Full textThis work contributes by developing an active fault tolerant control (AFTC) for Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methodology is based on the analysis of a model that compares real-time measurement. We use a high granularity PV array model in the FDD tool to allow faults to be detected in complex conditions. Firstly, the research focuses on fault detection in complex shadow conditions. A real-time approach is presented to emulate the electrical characteristics of PV modules under complex shadow conditions. Using a precise emulators approach is a real challenge to study the high non-linearity and the complexity of PV systems in partial shading. The real-time emulation was validated with simple experimental results under failure conditions to design specific fault-detection algorithms in a first sample. The second part of the research addresses the FDD method for DC/DC and DC/AC power converters that are connected to the grid. Primary results allowed us to validate the system's recovery for normal operating points after a fault with this complete AFTC approach. Emulations based on the simulation of distributed power converters, fault detection methodologies based on a model, and a hybrid diagnostician were then presented
Salas, Michel. "Systèmes d'élevage bovin allaitant en Guadeloupe : diagnostic et voies de développement." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120034.
Full textAudonnet, Virginie. "Développement de traitements de surfaces et biofonctionnalisation pour des systèmes microfluidiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066111.
Full textPhilip, Jean-Marc. "Vers des systèmes décisionnels pour les administrations des pays en développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32046.
Full text: The thesis relates to the development of information systems (IS) for the administrations of developing countries (DCs). It describes the evolution of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in the economic field and, based on the author’s experience, analyze the assistance provided by the international organizations. It also presents the difficulty for developing countries policy makers to negotiate at the same level than their partners, because of their inability to properly manage these tools. This weakness is accentuated by the context of economic globalization and trade liberalization. DSS were often developed by international technical assistance and they face now a specific problem: their ability to produce synthesized information, convenient for economic analysis by the policy makers and their partners. This translates into a need for integration of the various IS that lay within the DCs administration and the need to increase the dissemination of information. To meet this challenge, the proposal is to take inspiration from the development of the Business Intelligence developed for private organizations. The infrastructure in developing countries is not optimal, but Internet and mobile phones could serve as a backbone to the proposed system. The development of Web services would then enable to run simulation models from a remote place and to return dynamic economic information in a presentation that meets the needs of decision makers
Drevelle, Christophe. "Conception et développement de systèmes retardateurs de flamme pour fibres synthétiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Drevelle.pdf.
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