Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement du capital humain'
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Dème, Ibrahim Lincoln. "Éducation, capital humain et développement économique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ55579.pdf.
Full textBadji, Samia. "Investissement en capital humain en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0710.
Full textTournemaine, Frédéric. "Capital humain, financement de la recherche, fécondité et croissance économique." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10021.
Full textThis thesis is divided in four parts. In the first one, we emphasize the idea of the existence of an interaction between knowledge and human capital. In the second one, we shed a new light on the calculation of the social value of innovations, on the distortions that prevent the decentralized economy to be optimal, and the factors that induce insufficient investments in research. In chapter 3, we discuss about the evolution of the technologies of information and communication and about the evolution that concerns intellectual property rights that followed. We explain the types of changes that ocurred from a technological point of view, and how the property rights evolved in this case. We present a general framework to account for these features. Lastly, in chapter 4, we study the choice of fertitlity of individuals in an economy with endogenous technological progress. We show that the level of growth may be negatively, positively or not correlated with the share of resources devoted to research
Nguyen, Tu Anh. "Sources de la croissance économique : capital matériel, capital humain, ressources naturelles et PTF." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010029.
Full textCiriani, Stéphane. "Accumulation de capital humain, dynamique des inégalités et mobilité intergénérationnelle." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020062.
Full textL'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser l'impact du mode de financement du capital humain sur la croissance économique, les inégalités et l'efficience. Nous considérons à cet effet une économie à générations d'agents altruistes et hétérogènes, dans un cadre d'équilibre partiel. Les agents sont hétérogènes en termes de capital humain et d'aptitudes à l'apprentissage et la transmission intergénérationnelle du capital humain génère des effets externes qui influencent l'accumulation individuelle. Lorsque la qualité du capital humain est uniforme, le financement de l'éducation peut être stratifié ou intégré. Il existe un troisième régime de financement, intégré et différencié, pour lequel la qualité du capital humain dépend du niveau d'aptitude. L'étude des propriétés de long terme de la distribution du capital humain montre que la transition entre deux régimes de financement distincts peut être complètement déterminée par la dynamique des inégalités et de la mobilité intergénérationnelle. Le rendement espéré de l'investissement en capital humain et la stratification ont plusieurs effets sur l'évolution dynamique de l'économie. L'allocation optimale des ressources est ensuite obtenue dans chaque régime de financement. Dans une économie différenciée, le taux de financement est déterminé par l'électeur médian ou l'électeur pivot. L'étude de la convergence du capital humain agrégé permet de montrer qu'une économie intégrée et différenciée est préférable à une économie intégrée et uniforme et à une économie stratifiée et uniforme en terme de croissance, mais qu'à l'horizon temporel infini, une économie stratifiée et uniforme peut dominer une économie intégrée et différenciée en termes d'accumulation de capital humain agrégé et d'efficience
Luong, Thai Bao. "Croissance, technologies, capital humain, et taux de change dans les pays en développement." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131023.
Full textWe concentrate on understanding the growth process for developing countries. This work is divided into two aspects. First, we study an optional growth model to show the optimal share of physical, new technology and human capital for a developing countries. We then study the role of exportation on growth with emphasis on equilibrium exchange rate by using a partial general equilibrium model. In the last part, we use the FEER approach to examine the equilibrium exchange rates and exchange rate policies of two developing countries China and Vietnam
Tran, Nhat Thien. "An essay on human capital accumulation and economic growth." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE001/document.
Full textThe model of Solow (1956) is a seminal reference among the theories that seek to understand the cause of economic growth. In this model, it is not the factors of production (labor and capital) but the technical progress that gives rise to economic growth. Mankiw Romer and Weil (1992) augment this model by introducing human capital accumulation and show empirically why the variables considered exogenous in Solow's model vary in such a remarkable manner among countries. Their results emphasize the importance of factors of production, particularly of human capital. This thesis is inspired by the arguments of Lucas (2015) who calls for the necessity of putting human capital at the center of economic growth without any source of externalities.The novelty of the thesis is the formation of human capital à la Lucas (1988) in Ramsey (1928) model. By gradually adding different layers of complexity, the dissertation arrives at a unified picture of different source of economic growth, allowing for the interaction between physical and human capital where savings and time play a non-trivial role.As is well-known, the Ramsey model in a certain way is equivalent to an OLG model with intergenerational altruism in the sense of Barro (1974). It is interesting to consider other forms of intergenerational altruism in presence of human capital accumulation. This thesis explores the impact of paternalistic altruism in the sense of Abel and Warshawsky (1988) in a heterogeneous economy where the agents differ in their degree of altruism, which is manifest in their manner of investment in the education of their offspring.Education concerns not only the individuals but also public institutions. Investment in education to generate human capital can therefore be considered a public choice, that is to say, by the bias in public spending on education financed by tax revenues. We are interested in the dynamics associated with the interaction between the accumulation of physical and human capital, and consequently in economic growth. In this context, the impact of taxation policy on growth is also studied.Many economic phenomena, for example, poverty trap and middle-income trap, can be analyzed in models where the concave property of the utility function no longer holds. For this reason, it would be useful to explore these models of non-concave technology in presence of human capital accumulation
Bennaghmouch, Saloua. "Éducation, capital humain et croissance économique : le cas du Maroc." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10074.
Full textIn the context of this thesis, we have tried to determine which education type can be used for the better morocco's economic growth. Our first step was to define the relationships education-growth from the point of view of some main theoretical analyses, and to confront it with empirical result obtained in the field. The certain gap appears when the econometric tests and theoretical works are compared, which impose a great prudence analysis. The whole of theoretical works agrees in spite of their diversity about the idea of a positive impact of education (and human capital) on the rate of growth. Nevertheless, this impact does not appear always clearly at empirical level. After have described the macroeconomic context and carried out an accuracy analyse of the educational policy, we examined the Moroccan growth model. Two methodologies have been used. The first approach has prolonged directly the econometric work operated in the work line of endogenous growth. The second approach enables us to treat the same problems from a different point of view, taking into account the structure of the qualification of labour. The global and sectional econometric tests have allowed us to take account as propulsion the education role in the Moroccan growth (in particular primary and professional teaching). These results are in agreed with the analyses of the World Bank
Guimont, Fitz Abigail. "Évaluation du développement du capital humain des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers mexicains séjournant au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30393/30393.pdf.
Full textThis study aims to verify the existence of positive impacts in terms of human capital, such as the acquisition of knowledge and entrepreneurship, among Mexican workers enrolled in the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program in the province of Quebec. To do this, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals working on Île d'Orléans and in the municipalities of Saint -Augustin-de-Desmaures, Saint-Apollinaire and L’Assomption. A categorization of the experiences according to the degree of capacity building was carried out considering the state of origin, the number of trips to Canada with the SAWP, the acquisition of knowledge and its application, land ownership, the pursuit of projects and the interest to remain in the SAWP. Categories that have resulted are the survival experience, the supplementary experience, the wished entrepreneurial experience and the established entrepreneurial experience. Investigations have shown that there are benefits in several cases with these seasonal migrations.
Carpin, Eric. "Une analyse du rôle du capital humain dans les modèles de croissance endogène." Antilles-Guyane, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AGUY0029.
Full textThe omnipresence of the human capital is one of the main aspect of the +new endogenous growth theories;. But the way these models integer it rises some questions. In particular the way that endogenous innovation models consider it isn't satisfactory. The focus on the endogenous growth theories favor the resurgence of the old distribution questions. In particular, the link between the accumulation in human capital and the inequalities distribution, and the influence of the inequalities on the economic growth. The emphasis on the human capital led to bringing together the sociological and economic analysis. The allocation problems of human capital between the economic activities became indeed a source of interest for the profession since the last years. So, this new literature enlarge the frontiers of the endogenous growth models. Our theoritical approach of the role of human capital in growth theories emphasize this aspect. We have also an empirical contribution. We asses the participation of the human capital to the economic growth and the effect of the human capital dispersion on its global accumulation
Dumont, Jean-Christophe. "Approche systémique de l'hétérogénéité du capital humain : une application au cas de Madagascar." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090008.
Full textEsso, Loesse Jacques. "Changement technologique, croissance et inégalité : l'importance du capital humain." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140420.
Full textMaximin, Céline. "Stratégies d'innovation, capital humain et développement durable : Le cas des entreprises du secteur chimique en France." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010044.
Full textHuc, Sylvie. "L'incidence des politiques d'ajustement structurel sur l'investissement en capital humain dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010026.
Full textAmvouna, Anatolie Marie. "Commerce international, capital humain et croissance économique : l'expérience de la Corée, de la Malaisie et du Cameroun." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF10199.
Full textThe present thesis analyses the issue of human capital and growth in an open economy. The question is: why do some countries grow faster than others and what determines the contribution of human capital to growth among countries? It also seeks answers to the question of what lessons Cameroon should learn from the evidence of Korea and Malaysia – good examples of rapid growth – for its own development? The analysis is built within the framework of the endogenous growth theory. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part – descriptive – presents the review of literature and the stylized facts of the economic evolution of Korea, Malaysia and Cameroon, based on the theory of dynamic comparative advantage. The second one – rather analytical – develops a growth model with two kind of externalities generated by exports and human capital production sectors. The econometric method based on single equations, panel data or var model is then used to test the hypothesis. The first part yields the conclusion that human capital theoretically plays an important role in economic growth by creating comparative advantage through research and development. But the empirical evidence of trade and human capital’s contribution to growth has not been shown in some developing countries. This part also shows that the sluggish economic development of Cameroon is due to its abundant natural resources relative to labor, as compared to Korea and Malaysia. The dynamic econometric analyses of the second part lead to the findings that the economic growth is revealed endogenous in Korea and not in Cameroon, explaining the differences in the speed of growth of these two countries. From the estimates of a static growth model with two kind of externalities, we have concluded that the impact of human capital on growth of countries is influenced by the level of education, changes in that level, the share of labor force used to produce human capital and the share of manufactures or services in total production. We also show that there exists a threshold rate of growth beyond which the contribution of human capital to growth becomes positive. The main recommendation that should be made for Cameroun to speed up its economic development is to accelerate the accumulation of capital – both human and physical – through outward oriented policies that should allow foreign savings and foreign investments on the one hand, and foreign labor and human capital on the other hand, to flow in the country
Mercier, Emanuel. "Stratégies de développement du capital humain dans un contexte d'innovation technologique une comparaison Québec, Ontario et Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24822/24822.pdf.
Full textGhitu-I-Mundunge. "Investissement direct étranger : capital humain et développement des pays à économie de rente : le cas du Gabon." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21003.
Full textSadiqi, Khalid. "L'initiative nationale pour le développement humain au Maroc : étude et perspectives." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0102/document.
Full textMan represents the true wealth of nation, as he persues social advance while seeking his personal well-being by means of concrete actions to improve his life style. That is why Morocco has launched the National Initiative for Human Development through king Mohamed Vl’ s speech on the 18th of May 2005, to fight against social exclusion, precariousness and poverty and to raise itself to the position of advanced countries. Our NIHD study rests on the evaluation of the fight program against precariousness in Chaouia-Ouardigha region. This is one of Morocco’s most closely studied regions, since it has benefited from projects within this framework. The National Initiative for Human Development is therefore a vast and permanent field which puts man at the heart of development and ensures the durability of his plans. The human development has both an economic and a social nature. It requires an active public Policy. That is why there would be no more reason for it to exist without the state, which asserted itself from the end of the nineties in accordance with A. Sen’ s Works which emphasize the role of the state in human development
Rabhi, Dounia. "Stratégies des firmes, capital humain et attractivité des pays du "Sud" : Cas du Maroc." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10077.
Full textGros, Lucio C. "Politiques d'identification et de développement des potentiels humains dans les organistions: facteurs de réussite et d'échec." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210752.
Full textTibari-Hannou, Khadija. "L'égalité dans les rapports sociaux de sexe au service du développement : le cas des élu(e)s des collectivités territoriales et du capital humain du Ministère de l'intérieur au Maroc." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENE018/document.
Full textImproving the conditions of women and men is accompanied by the emergence of different approaches and economic theories. This new situation has also led to an exchange between the North and South. Thus, the economic and theoretical corpus has been enriched in favor of developing countries in particular. Despite the efforts that have been made terms of equality of gender relations and changing laws, it is still difficult to identify this equality in the development. This thesis is part of development economics. Its main objective is to seek the equality of gender relations and their implementation for development in Morocco, through the experience of elected local authorities and the human capital of the Ministry of the Interior. The first part presents the general theoretical framework of economic approaches that are essential for our work of doctoral research. The second part describes the methodological and mobilized tools through the capabilities approach, human capital and discrimination. This section attempts to present the development from below by the role of elected local authorities and development across the top officials of the Central services of the ministry of interior so as to practice the equal gender relations
Diop, Balla. "L'effet de la stratégie logicielle (ERP open source vs ERP commercial) sur le développement du capital humain des PME." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25919.
Full textSmall and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in industrialized countries’ economy. Due to increasing internal and external pressure, SMEs need to adopt integrated information systems such as ERP systems, like the big enterprises. The rapid expansion of ERP systems’ adoption by SMEs is due to two phenomena: 1 - the advent of lighter versions of commercial ERP systems and 2 - the rise of open source ERP systems. Managers of SMEs, wanting to adopt an ERP system, are facing two software strategies: the software strategy directed towards the open source ERP systems and the software strategy directed towards the commercial/proprietary ERP systems. The ERP systems are information systems extremely complex and difficult to set up, because they incorporate and integrate several functional domains under a single technological platform. The establishment and evolution of an ERP system require a large amount of knowledge and of diversified expertise. This knowledge and expertise constitute human capital. According to the literature, human capital is a strategic organizational resource and a source of competitive advantage. In this study, we defined human capital as the sum of the human capital acquired or developed internally (i.e., the knowledge and expertise developed in-house) and of the available external human capital (i.e., accessible knowledge and external expertise). The literature supports that open source communities offer several opportunities of learning (acquisition and development of knowledge and skills) and of human capital development to their members. Thus, in the current economic context, where all companies are looking for a competitive advantage, which software strategy (open source ERP or commercial / proprietary ERP) is more advantageous to SMEs, regarding the development of human capital during the implementation and post-implementation phases? The objective of this research is to study and compare the human capital development of SMEs in the context of an open source ERP project versus a commercial/proprietary ERP project, during the implementation and post-implementation phases. The empirical study was conducted with 10 SMEs divided into two groups: a group of five SMEs with open source ERP systems and a group of five SMEs with commercial ERP systems. The results of the present thesis show that there is no difference between these two groups of SMEs regarding the development of their human capital (internal and external), during the phases of implementation and post-implementation. With regard to the human capital developed in-house, during the implementation and post-implementation phases, the results of this research show that SMEs, regardless of their adopted software strategy (open source ERP system or commercial/proprietary ERP system), develop more business human capital than technical human capital. This poor development of in-house technical human capital in SMEs having adopted an open source ERP and those having adopted a commercial ERP results from the lack of IT personnel at their IT departments. This research has identified several factors (technological, organizational and environmental) that may impact on the development of the internal human capital of SMEs. This study finds that the technical absorption capacity of the SMEs, irrespective of their software strategy (ERP open source and proprietary), is lower than their business absorption capacity due to the lack of IT personnel of SMEs. Regarding the available external human capital, this research finds that there is no difference between SMEs with an open source ERP and SMEs with a proprietary ERP, during the implementation and post-implementation phases. SMEs, regardless of their software strategy (ERP open source and proprietary), have the same structures of social ties. This research finds that SMEs with an open source ERP do not have direct relationships with the communities of open source ERP, which constitutes, according to the literature on the development of human capital (Coleman, 1988), a structural deficit. This explains why the available external human capital of SMEs with an open source ERP is similar to that of SMEs with a proprietary ERP. The results of this research show that SMEs, irrespective of their software strategy (ERP open source and proprietary), continue to use the external human capital of their partner-integrator to manage the evolution of their ERP systems, during the post-implantation phase.
Gille, Véronique. "Do others matter? : An empirical analysis of the interaction of social and human capital in India." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010057/document.
Full textThere is nothing controversial in saying that hum an capital matters a great deal for economic development. Research during the past 50 years has confirmed this belief, and governments, international organizations and NGOs have worked hard to improve human capital indicators. But the majority of policy makers and researchers have considered and studied human capital as an issue only concerning individuals. However, human capital also has a social component which has not yet been well understood, despite a growing literature looking beyond the individual aspect of human capital. The aim of this dissertation is to shed some light on this social component of hum an capital. The recurrent question that I am asking throughout this thesis is "How do others matter?", in relation to hum an capital. In particular, I am wondering how social capital interacts with human capital. To study this question, I take India as a case study. India is a country where human capital has dramatically changed in the last 50 years, and social capital had an important role in this evolution. More concretely, India's peculiar social structure pro vides a very interesting context to study the relation between human capital and social capital
Mabrouk, Fatma. "Les enjeux économiques de la migration internationale sur le développement des pays d'origine." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40025/document.
Full textThe present research proposes an attempt at explicitly analyzing the interrelationship between the economic effects of international migration and development in origin countries. By relying on bilateral data of a group of 27 countries selected according to very specific criteria, we start by studying the link between international migration and foreign trade, and show a complementary relationship between trade and migration. Then, we investigate the impact of migration through other transmission channels, such as human capital and investment, in order to trace the impact of migrants' remittances on economic growth of origin countries in the medium and long term. The impact is found ambiguous in space and time. Finally, we perform an additional study, at micro-economic level, which focuses on return migration to the Maghreb countries, with a particular attention to Tunisia. It aims at explaining how return migrants might contribute to the development of origin countries through the investment channel. The results show a regional bias to the detriment of the region of southern of Tunisia
Bourdon, Jean. "L'efficacité externe de l'éducation : l'approche de la macro-économie-appliquée." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE001.
Full textThe main aim is based in the introduction of human capital in the new approaches in economic growth theories. This thesis shows that education factor could now be easily introduced in macroeconomic side approaches, but the hardest problem is in relation with statistical definitions. Four different levels in application are undergone : - an historical analysis on the French case (1850-1990) ; - a comparison on 20 countries distributed on the scale of economic development ; - an applied macro econometric modelling for the republic of Ecuador ; - an approach of jobs entries in the case of building and public works sector in the French case
Raffin, Natacha. "Environnement, Santé, Education: Quels enjeux pour le Développement?" Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
Full textDia, Abdoul Alpha. "Education, capital humain et dynamique économique : analyse à partir du secteur industriel sénégalais." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109743.
Full textet externe) du système éducatif, à l'adéquation formation/emploi, à l'apport des systèmes de formation non scolaires à la production et à la diffusion du capital humain, aux niveaux de performances du secteur industriel, etc. En dernier ressort, est étudié l'impact de l'investissement des entreprises dans le capital humain sur leurs propres performances. Le travail empirique réalisé, globalement, ne révèle pas un impact significatif et positif des différentes catégories de main d'oeuvre (et
plus généralement de la structure des qualifications) ou des politiques des entreprises en matière de formation continue. Afin de rendre compte d'un tel résultat, plusieurs explications sont mises en avant (influence du capital humain soumis à des effets de
seuil, influence néfaste - du point de vue de l'impact du capital humain - des phénomènes bureaucratiques, environnement productif et technologique des entreprises industrielles sénégalaises qui contribue à limiter le potentiel productif du capital humain, etc.), lesquelles, en définitive, rappellent toute la complexité de la relation
capital humain / croissance économique, et plus particulièrement la nécessité d'une meilleure articulation entre d'une part les politiques éducatives et d'autre part les politiques économiques (politiques industrielles, politiques fiscales, politiques macroéconomiques, etc.).
Murched, Maya. "Capital humain, dette publique et croissance économique à long terme." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0003/document.
Full textEconomic growth and its driving forces have been the maintopic preoccupying economic researchers since long time in macroeconomic branch. Public investment in human capital through educational system plays an ultimate role in boosting economic growth and development, this role has taken a place since the innovative dawn of endogenous growth theory. The focus and efforts of investing in human capital could be destabilized by the global and recent return of sovereign debt crisis in several countries, which continues its rise since theearly 2007, and the after-crisis necessary adjusting policies. Getting back wise policies should be composed of mixture of growth fostering activities, including the investment in human capital, austerity and forbearance.The main purpose of this thesis is to provide new empirical inferences on debt-growth relationship and its interaction with human capital formation. Estimates are carried on a recent and complete data set that spans over 22 years and involves 76 countries worldwide. The range of invested variables encompasses many macroeconomic aggregates such as : GDP annual growthrates, public debt to GDP ratio, and public education expenditure to GDP ratio, average schooling years, inflation rate, and others. Using a superior estimation semi-parametric technic which accounts for some data issues, the empirical results suggest a heterogeneous impact of public debt and education expenditures levels on GDP growth rates. Henceforth, the use of education expenditure in the whole sample is inefficient,where policy makers should adjust and well manage the function of these expenditure in line with the public efforts to reduce debt high levels and rise economic growth. We also show that the use of textual analysis tools in economic studies, such in growth literature, offers a rapid and total lecture of the hidden research trends embodied in the huge empirical and theoretical literature of economic growth
Hanchane, Hicham. "Investissement direct étranger, capital humain et croissance économique dans les pays en développement : une proposition théorique et approches empirique [sic] de validations à l’aide des données de panel." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2001.
Full textThis work of thesis concentrates on the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the economic growth of developing countries. It is interested both in the theoretical aspect of the subject by using the models of endogenous growth and in its empirical aspect by using econometrics of the panel data. The theoretical and empirical literature confirms the positive impact of these flows of FDI on the economic growth of the host countries. According to the model I propose in the third chapter, this impact however is not always positive on the economy of the host countries. Indeed, the FDI can have a negative effect on the developing countries, if the technological difference between the multinational firms and the local firms is large and if these latter do not have a level of sufficient qualified labour. The empirical study, while using the econometrics of the panel data on 30 developing countries observed from 1982 to 1996, confirms these theoretical predictions. In order to obtain more robust results I varied the methods of specification of heterogeneity non observed (instrumental variable (IV) and GMM within the static and dynamic framework)
Jacob, Sergot. "Capital humain, productivité agricole et rationalité des agriculteurs : Une étude empirique avec application de l'approche "Data Envelopment Analysis" sur données d'Haïti." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0219.
Full textAgriculture in Haiti declines for seve raI decades, but still plays a crucial role in the economy. Using a unique cross sectional data set of 815 farms, l study, in two stages, first the farms' productive efficiency (using a DEA estimator), and second, the factors that are linked with (from Tobit models) paying a particular attention to an expanded human capital concept. Empirical results show that productive efficiency is in average 21. 45% and only 3% of the farmers operate on efficient frontier. While human capital, institutions' and market access, remittances, increase farmers' efficiency, other factors-such cultural values, institutional weaknesses, and technical and economic environment-lead a counterproductive effect. By the way, this research adds a new dimension to literature on efficiency by quantifying the impact of cultural variables and showing the mechanisms by which they operate. We also explore the determinants of incomes strategies adopted by the farmers in their battle for subsistence. Having controlled for social capital, access to informaI and formaI institutions, location, we provide empirical evidence of the critical role of the human capital as the main determinant of the most remunerative income strategies. We also show that poverty change the options for a subgroup of farmers constrained in selling his labour force to the richest farmers in order to get supplementary incomes. In this latter case, the social capital plays an indirect and positive role
Thuilliez, Josselin. "Paludisme et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492496.
Full textXuereb, Mélanie. "Les conditions de production du capital humain dans les pays en développement : un éclairage des conséquences économiques de l'épidémie de VIH/SIDA : Application au cas du Cameroun." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020028.
Full textAkim, Al-mouksit. "Trois essais sur la migration, les transferts privés et le développement économique en Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED047/document.
Full textThe three essays composing this thesis make contributions to the literature on the consequences of migration and private transfers on the economic development of the countries of origin of sub-Saharan Africa.The first essay evaluates the distributive impact of international and domestic transfersin Senegal. The results show that private transfers reduce income inequality in Senegal. This equalizing effect is mainly driven bydomestic transfers. The second essay examines the insurance function of migration in Mali. We find that migration acts as an insurance mechanism when the household suffers an idiosyncratic shock during the year. The third essay examines the link between the human capital of Senegalese migrants and their integration into the destination labor market. The results suggest that the probability of being in skilled employment given the level of education is lower in migration compared to Senegal. Although a priori distinct, the three essays have in common an approach that mobilizes household surveys and various microeconometric techniques to deal with the complexity of migration in order to improve the understanding of the consequences of migration on the economies of origines
Obasogiye, Khalepo Tetyana. "Le capital humain et le capital social comme ressources spécifiques pour une dynamique territoriale dans une économie insulaire : le cas de St Pierre et Miquelon." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE004.
Full textSince the end of the Great Fishing due to the moratorium on cod fish imposed by Canada in 1992, the model of development of St Pierre & Miquelon based on fishery and ships supply industry collapsed. Henceforth, the development of the last vestige of French Empire in North America is principally based on government subventions. Since then, the archipelago faces the difficulties of economic development. Moreover, smallness, remoteness, isolation and vulnerability impact the development of the island. These characteristics form their handicaps and at the same time constitute their advantages for economic development. Traditional approaches based on industrial development do not take into account the specificities and do not show the reality of island economies. This doctoral dissertation mobilizes human capital and social capital as specific resources that can enable economic development in island economy. A diagnostic of social capital and human capital of St Pierre et Miquelon have been realized. The methodology includes the analysis based on narratives and historical facts. A questionnaire inspired from World Bank questionnaire for measuring social capital has been proposed to the population, to the professionals of tourism, fishery and aquaculture sectors. The consultation of local and externals experts in small island development, in tourism as well as fishery and aquaculture industry completes the diagnostics. Recommendations have been made to valorize social capital and human capital of the archipelago in order to enhance the dynamics of development and better governance, including the role of resource-places in of social capital and human capital valorization
Fabre, Alice. "L'accumulation du capital humain sur le cycle de vie : éducation, formation et inégalités : Une étude dans le cadre du modèle à générations imbriquées." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24011.
Full textEltaief, Ghalia. "Essoufflement du modèle de croissance économique des pays sud méditerranéens : analyse théorique et empirique et comparaison avec les pays asiatiques." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090018.
Full textThe thesis investigates the causes of growth weakening in southern Mediterranean countries in comparison with Asian countries through industrial and educational policies analysis, as well as through the institutional dimension. It also attempts to analyze the economic and social factors that may have contributed to triggering the revolts experienced by these countries. The main results of this research are: First, the quality of institutions is a relevant determinant of growth differences between countries. Second, Tunisia is the country that gathered together the most necessary elements for this revolution to be achieved. Third, it is found out that the degree of development of civil society as measured by the participation rate of women in the workforce as well as the rate of Internet use played an important role in triggering these revolts. This result is achieved in an environment featured by high levels of unemployment, income inequality, and low levels of democracy
Coudel, Emilie. "Formation et apprentissages pour le développement territorial : regards croisés entre économie de la connaissance et sciences de gestion. Réflexion à partir d'une expérience d'Université Paysanne au Brésil." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371589.
Full textLanckriet, Edouard. "Le Système d’Innovation Technologique des agroénergies de la canne à sucre, un outil de développement durable au Brésil, quels enseignements pour la formation des politiques de développement liées au capital naturel en Afrique de l’Ouest ?" Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0013/document.
Full textIn Brazil, sugar cane is used as a raw material for the production of sugar, fuel, and electricity. This industrial model has enabled the country to build a competitive advantage on the biomass productivity of its soils. It has been promoted in Africa but the majority of African bioenergy projects have been a failure. This raises the question of the interest of the model in Brazil, of the role of bioenergy in a development strategy.The Brazilian model is a Technological Innovation System, the sugar cane TIS, which we analyze in the long term. Since the end of the 19th century, it has been structured to import, adapt and spread technologies in order to diversify sugar cane markets. The biofuel sector required the creation of an alternative technological system, financed by the State through the Proalcool Program (1975 to 1985); Created to absorb the surpluses of the sugar sector and for the energy security of the country. Public support was key in the evolution of the TIS, forged in the wake of the country's social and economic crises. The sugar cane TIS has enabled Brazil to train its human capital in the valorization of natural capital, which enables it today to experiment a new change : the agroecological conversion of the cane cultivation model, that would allow regenerating the Natural Capital soil. Based on our analysis of the Brazilian model we formulate an analysis of the factors of failure of the African jatropha biofuel projects and make a proposal for the structuring of a biofuel TIS adapted to West Africa stakes of development, which we suggest to back up to the oilseed chain
No Brasil, a cana-de-açúcar é utilizado como matéria-prima na fabricação de açúcar, combustível e eletricidade. Este modelo de negócio tem permitido ao país para transformar a produtividade de biomassa de seu solo em uma vantagem competitiva. Ele foi promovido na África, mas a maioria dos projetos de agroenergia africanos houve uma falha. Isso levanta a questão do interesse do modelo no Brasil, bem como o papel da bioenergia em uma estratégia de desenvolvimento. O modelo brasileiro é um Sistema de Inovação Tecnológica, o SIT da cana, que analisamos a longo prazo. Ele é estruturado desde o final do século XIX para importação, adaptação e difusão de tecnologias afim de diversificar os mercados de cana. O setor do etanol combustível tem necessidade de um sistema tecnologia alternativa, financiado pelo governo através do Programa Proálcool (1975-1985); ele foi criado para absorver os excedentes do sector do açúcar e para a segurança energética do país. O apoio público tem sido fundamental para a evolução do SIT, foi forjada pelas crises sociais e económicas do país. Hoje o SIT da cana-de-açúcar experimenta um modelo de produção agroecológica para o cultivo da cana, ele deveria ser capaz de regenerar o capital natural. Nossa análise do modelo brasileiro nos permite fazer uma análise dos fatores de não-sucesso dos projetos africanos de produção de biocombustível de jatropha. Nós formular uma proposta de estruturação de um SIT da agroenergia Oeste Africano adaptado às questões de desenvolvimento locais, propomos a ser associado ao setor oleaginosa
Samoud, Iheb. "Evolution des IDE en Tunisie : déterminants et effets sur la croissance." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40024.
Full textAddressing the issue of the attractiveness of foreign direct investment is a major concern for countries like Tunisia. Since the 1970s, the attractiveness of FDI became a key variable in the country’s economic growth, as shown by the adoption of different legislative and regulatory measures meant to create a favorable environment for investors. However, given the amount of efforts invested and benefits granted, the results come across as being pretty disappointing and all remain far from the goals and hopes initially raised. In this context, it is interesting to study the FDI determinants in Tunisia and their impact on the local economy especially in terms of national growth. To this end, we will focus on the important role played by the human capital, its effects on growth and the way it interacts with the flows of FDI. The core of the thesis will indeed revolve around this theme. The statistical and econometric analysis undertaken in the dissertation will show that for the past two decades, FDI in Tunisia have been the result of a few oil exploration projects and privatization of big public companies. It is mainly the annuitant sector (hydrocarbon) and the non-renewable privatization projects that have attracted the most FDI, whereas industrial FDI remain polarized by the textile-Apparel industries. It also appears that, privatizations and energy sector set aside, FDI remain weak. Not only that, these operations have not triggered a dynamic input on FDI for these sectors. In conclusion, the results clearly prove that progress in FDI and school enrollment ratio (human capital) in Tunisia has had little effect on the Tunisian economic growth. It also has been brought to our attention that, taken alone, FDI have a positive impact on growth; however they fail to create spillover effects
Tumi, Salaheddin. "Les déterminants des IDE et leur impact sur la croissance économique dans les pays en développement. Le cas des pays du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030021.
Full textThe quest for progress towards economic development in the countries of the South has increased competition between these nations in the last two decades, as they each try to attract the largest volume of FDI. This competition has become a race to the bottom due to the increased difficulties in obtaining credit. Many developing countries have attempted to attract FDI. Some have been less successful than others, in this regard; however this did not prevent a second group of countries undertaking the same policy. The decision makers seem to be convinced that FDI is the engine of development and the main question in this thesis is to better understand the phenomenon of FDI, its mechanisms and determinants. The second question is an assay to establish a link between FDI and economic growth. Our work classifies countries into five zones with an emphasis on the Maghreb and the Middle East. We show that to be attractive for FDI; a country should be politically stable, with adequate infrastructure, effective institutions and an educated population. Natural resources and bilateral investment treaties are decisive factors for the attraction of FDI. In addition, there are biases specific to certain regions. The Maghreb and the Middle East suffer from negative biases that are preventing this zone from attracting FDI. We try to explain and analyze the causes of this limited volume of FDI received. On the link FDI-growth, we found that FDI does not begin to have a positive effect on growth until there is a certain threshold level of human capital in the population
Destrée, Nicolas. ""Remittances" et activité économique dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0628.
Full textSince the twentieth century, migratory flows have largely increased entailing financial flows - named remittances - from immigration areas to emigration areas. These transfers that migrants send to their families in their home countries may empirically lead to positive or negative effects on physical and human capital. This thesis aims at explaining this mixed evidence in developing countries.The first chapter underlines the negative impact of remittances on capital stock but also on labour supply. Due to this additional income in their last-period of life, agents have less incentive to work and save. Remittances may bring economies closer to their golden rule of capital accumulation or further from their golden rule according to their features. A taxation policy is provided in order to maximise the welfare in the home country of the migrants. The second chapter extends the analysis to open economies facing exogenous credit constraints on the international capital market. Even if remittances reduce incentive to save, these flows may increase investment in physical capital in some countries, through capital inflows, by directly relaxing the credit constraints. The third chapter considers a growth model with human capital accumulation in which agents borrow to finance their education. Borrowing constraints are, in this non-commitment framework considered as endogenous: agents may choose to default and are excluded from the financial market in case of default. In accordance with empirical literature, this model is able to explain a negative or a positive impact of remittances on economic growth
Buc, Stéphanie Thieyre. "Génération et développement du capital social dans les entreprises multinationales : l'adaptation des conjoints d'expatriés." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_buc-thiere_s.pdf.
Full textIn an internarional setting, where executives from diverse countries live and work as expatriates, an organization must thoroughly manange its human resources to enhance its individual and collective success. Expatriate transitions are strongly influenced by the domestic situation. Economic and personal performance are tightly linked, and an organization should know the factors and procedures that influence the adjustement of a familyto try to reduce the uncertainty of any more overseas. Social nteworks may be considered a competitive advantage : a key resource, a capital, beneficial for both individuals and organizations. Social capital is linked to the individuals within the networks, as well as to their personal characteritics and resources. If increasing socializing eases overseas transitions, what role can the organization play ? What strategies should be used to help an expat's family adjust to life overseas ? This thesis examines the ways in which expatriate families adjust to overseas transitions and attempts to answer the role the organization may play to favour it
Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Amir. "L’abondance (dépendance) des ressources naturelles influence-t-elle l’accumulation de capital humain ? Les Ressources Naturelles sont-elles une Malédiction pour l'Education et la Santé ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0016.
Full textAs illustrated by the “Human Development Index” published by the United Nations and used by the World Bank, a society’s progress is often judged not just by its income, but also its human capital outcomes in education and health. It is therefore not surprising that, just as a large number of studies have asked whether natural resource dependence or abundance harms or helps a society’s income, a growing number of papers have separately asked if they harm or help a society’s accumulation of human capital. To date, however, no one has surveyed this body of research. This is what we attempt to do in the dissertation. This new survey then is followed by several empirical analyses and conceptual models to check whether the abundance/dependence of natural resources hurt/help or does not affect the accumulation of human capital. While the literature typically focuses on a national-level analysis of the resource curse, chapter two of this dissertation investigates the impact on the human capital of the abundance of petroleum resources in 28 provinces of Iran from 2000 to 2014. It also contributes to the literature by distinguishing between upstream and downstream impacts i.e. whether the effects of the oil and gas industry on human capital are associated mostly with extraction (upstream) or refining and distribution (downstream) activities. Second, the approach of the dissertation inclined from macro to the microeconomic view in chapter three. Although a growing body of literature studies the HCIF’s (Human Capital-Intensive Firms) boundary and governance, few try to focus on these firms when the abundance of resources is involved in the economy. Similarly, in resource curse literature much has been said about the natural resource effects on human capital, however, fewer studies have been conducted for the immigration of the talented students in the resource abundance countries and the potential impacts this might have on human capital. This gap inspired me to study the effect of oil rent, brain drain, and good governance on human capital in a set of countries listed in the Natural Resource Governance Index (NRGI) Report. 3. Overall, all the empirical analysis of this dissertation significantly confirms the curse of natural resource abundance/dependence for the accumulation of human capital, measured by different indicators of health and education. For example, regarding the case of Iran, the empirical results show that apart from the global crowding effect of natural resources on human capital, the provinces involved in both downstream and upstream oil activities have significantly lower levels of human capital compared to both oil-free provinces and provinces involved only in downstream oil activities. This suggests a double resource curse. We also find the same negative effects for a cross-section of 81 NRGI countries by estimating a system of multiple linear regression models, by using ordinary least squares (OLS). Another interesting result of this dissertation was the negative impacts of brain drain on the accumulation of human capital. Contrary, we find that the determinants of good governance show a significant and positive impact on human capital accumulation, indicating the important role of good governance in resource-abundant countries to harness the curse of oil abundance. Finally, the positive and significant coefficient of interaction term -in chapter four- between natural resource governance and oil rent (as a proxy for resource dependence) implies that natural resource good governance is one key to avoid the negative effect of resources on the accumulation of human capital
Savadogo, Aboudrahyme. "Three essays on investment in human capital in Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26830.
Full textThis thesis investigates investment in human capital in Canada including the contribution of financial assistance to students, the profitability of investment in postsecondary education and the income redistribution. It is divided in five chapters. The first chapter presents a chronological survey of microeconomics studies on investment in human capital. It also summarizes Canadian studies on investment in education and highlights the main limitations of these studies, particularly in terms of how they disregard the heterogeneity of grant and tax system among Canadian provinces and the sharing of benefits and costs of investment in education in Canada. The second chapter presents the methodology of measurement of returns to education and gains from investment in education. It describes data used the results of the econometric regressions. Finally, the chapter presents SIMAID, a calculator of financial assistance to students developed for the purpose of this dissertation with the aim to estimate the amount of grant to which each student is entitled to according his/her personal and family characteristics. In its first section, the third chapter reports social, private and public returns to education and shows that returns vary across provinces, fields of study, gender and cohort of birth year and decline with respect to the level of education. In its second section, the chapter shows a positive impact of financial assistance on returns to a B.A. degree of 24.3% and 9.5% in Quebec and Ontario respectively. Finally, the chapter indicates that a substitution of Quebec’s grant system with Ontario’ssystem decreases private returns to a B.A. degree by -11.9% while a change of Quebec’s tax for Ontario’s system raises private returns to a B.A. degree by +4.5%. The combined effect of both a change of grant and tax systems on private returns to a B.A. is a 7.4% decline. The fourth chapter provides a detailed title-by-title accounting decomposition of social, private and public gains from investment in education. The social gain from an investment in a B.A. degree is $738,384 dollars in Quebec and $685,437 in Ontario. This gain varies from one field of study to another, with the lowest level in the humanities and the highest level in engineering studies. The chapter shows that the sharing of benefits from investment in education between individuals and government regarding the sharing of costs is more equitable in Ontario than in Quebec. Indeed, an individual who invests in education in Quebec supports 51.6% of the total costs of investment and earns 64.8% of the social gain while the same individuals will support 62.9% of social costs and earn 62.2% of social gain if he/she invest in education in Ontario. Finally, the fifth chapter reports on and analyzes the redistributive effects of taxes and transfers due to investment in education. It also investigates whether or not the financial assistance to students program is actually in favour of the poorest individuals. The argument from which a grant is provided to poor individual is overturned when analyzing the distribution of permanent income. Indeed, we find that 79% of grant beneficiaries are in the richest quintile (Q5) of permanent incomes. The chapter also shows that investment in education positively impacts the redistributive effect in 2006, 2001 and 1996 and negatively in 1991 and 2011. The impact is also observable on the components of the redistributive effects. However, its sensitivity to the discount rate varies with respect to the index used in the analysis.
Kikhounga-N'Got, Oumar. "Impact des consensus de Beinjing et de Washington sur la gouvernance et le développement des pays de la Communauté économique et monétaire d'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5918.
Full textBenaabdelaali, Wail. "L'effet des inégalités d'éducation sur le développement économique : un essai d'évaluation." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2007/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to deepen the nature and the shape of the relationships between educational inequalities and development. It goes along with the prolongation of the analyses undertaken about the relationships between both education & growth; and inequality & growth, by trying to shed additional light on these two. It aims to retrace, in a schematic way, the evolution of educational inequalities particularly in the developing countries; and also to characterize the nonlinearity of this link using nonparametric and semiparametric estimation models.This thesis consists of three chapters that correspond to specific objectives, databases and methodologies. In the first chapter, we propose a new dataset on the inequalities of education. Most of the studies on the relationship between human capital and economic development have mainly apprehended the measurement of human capital through quantitative education indicators, using namely the average of years of schooling (human capital stock). Our database, which presents an alternative measure of human capital, tends to improve significantly the way in which inequalities in education are calculated. It employs all the abundance of disaggregated data, corrects inappropriate weightings and refines some reductive assumptions about the durations of schooling cycles and the levels of education. We have also generalized the formula proposed by Berthélemy (2006) on the Gini index of education. The possible variation range of this index is graphically identified according to the average years of schooling and the cumulative duration of the schooling cycles. In Chapter II, we reveal the existence of a nonlinear relationship between inequalities in education and economic development using nonparametric and semiparametric models that do not require predefined functional forms. Several phases are therefore highlighted: the first three are identified only according to the level of development; then two other phases are recognized by combining thresholds of both development and education inequality; the sixth and final phase is defined by the educational inequality level alone. We show that the phases during which the reduction of educational inequality presents the most beneficial impact on economic development are the third and the fifth.Beyond the general outline highlighted at the transnational level in Chapters I and II, we explore in Chapter III the nature of this relationship at the regional level in the case of Morocco, for which we have data at both the municipal and provincial levels. We also confirm the nonlinearity of the relationship. The third phase, identified in Chapter II, is divided to two sub-phases in the case of the Moroccan provinces which have a differentiated impact according to a threshold of development and inequality of education
Constant, Karine. "Environnement et croissance : Essais sur des implications des choix altruistes des ménages." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2004.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and the environment, when considering the altruistic choices of parents toward their children, through environmental, economic and educative bequests. This work is organized around three chapters. The first focuses on the first stages of economic development, corresponding to a major turning point of this relationship. It highlights the role of interactions between economic, demographic and environmental spheres in the emergence of a polluting industrialization. Moreover, it illustrates the great disparities, historically observed, with economies stuck in a poverty trap and others developing at expense of their environment. The others chapter deals with developed economies. The second chapter takes into account the endogeneity of environmental preferences in order to analyze the implications of an environmental policy composed of usual tools (pollution tax and abatement activities) and an educative tool aiming to raise households’ environmental awareness. We show that such a policy mix may allow to avoid intergenerational inequalities, coming from fluctuations in preferences, and to enhance economic growth. The third chapter considers the effects of pollution on longevity and their unequal repartition across population. We highlight that there exists an inequality trap, where disparities are persistently widening, but also that an environmental policy may allow an economy to escape from this trap and to improve economic growth, through its positive effects on health and on the returns to education
Khan, Muhammad. "Impact de l’Inflation sur la croissance et ses déterminants macroéconomiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0503/document.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the effects of inflation on output growth and on its determinants. In the first step, ourstudy analyzes two aspects of the inflation–growth relationship. First, it examines the nonlinearity of the relationshipbetween inflation and output growth and identifies several thresholds for the global sample and for various incomespecificsub-samples. Secondly, it identifies some country-based macroeconomic features that influence thisnonlinearity. Our empirical results substantiate both views and validate the fact that the inflation–growth nonlinearityis sensitive to a country’s trade openness capital accumulation, and government expenditures (chapter 2). After that,we explain this inflation–growth nonlinearity by testing a Tobin effect of inflation on physical capital and asubstitution effect – from work to education – for human capital. We find that the positive effects of moderateinflation rate are due to the Tobin effect on physical capital whereas a weak negative effect of high inflation ratestems from a better human capital accumulation. We identify a strong role of well developed financial systems in allthese mechanisms (chapter 3). Lastly, we address a lack of coherence between the macro based optimal inflationthresholds for output growth and the actual preferences of central banks around the world. We notice that centralbanks use micro based New-Keynesian models and their optimal inflation rate is the one that minimizes dispersionsin factors and product markets. We test the effect of inflation on relative price variability and output growthvariability and, for all income groups, the results support a slight positive inflation rate to minimize theseuncertainties. For our selected emerging economies, monetary policy regimes also affect these dispersions (chapter4)
Theurelle-Stein, Delphine. "Vers une extension du domaine de la compétence : la possibilité du soft. Contribution à une théorie agentique du développement professionnel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/Theurelle-Stein_Delphine_2019_ED221.pdf.
Full textIn a world described as VICA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous), major international organizations (European Union, OECD, World Economic Forum, etc.) are multiplying studies to identify the skills of the 21st Century. Their results show that soft skills - skills that are neither knowledge nor know-how - are levers of individual and organizational performance (Carnevale & Smith, 2013). However, the concept of soft skill remains unclear and research on its development is rare (Boyatzis, 2006). The objective of our thesis is to develop a better knowledge of soft skills and their development modalities. To do this, we adopt a qualitative approach using different methodologies and fields of research: a multi-site exploratory study, an intervention research and the study of an extreme case (Yin, 2014). Our results, informed by Bandura's (2001) social cognitive theory, allow us to contribute to a better conceptual understanding of soft skills, to identify the personal and environmental factors of their development and ultimately, to submit recommendations for the implementation of a soft skills approach in organizations
Alsalman, Mohammad. "La nouvelle économie fondée sur la connaissance dans la région arabe : vers une nouvelle stratégie de développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1084/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the economics of development. It addresses the issue of the economic morass in which the Arab region has been mired for decades. We suggest a new analytical framework that builds upon the concept of knowledge-based economies and its four pillars – economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, innovation system, and, finally, information infrastructure (ICT) - as conceived by the World Bank. Our thesis mobilizes this concept of knowledge-based economies in order to analyze and evaluate the state of the economy in the Arab region from the independence period to the eve of the revolution in Arab countries ' Arab spring'. Throughout the thesis, we develop several types of analysis and we conclude with an econometric model, that assesses the contribution of knowledge to growth and development in the Arab region