Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement durable – Afrique centrale'
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Lembe, Aline-Joëlle. "Pêches maritimes et développement durable dans les états côtiers d'Afrique centrale : des dysfonctionnements à l'exploitation durable des ressources halieutiques." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3011.
Full textThe aim of this research was to study the maritime fishing in the coastal central african states from the angle of sustainable development. In this viewpoint, the research used a work of observation and of surveys especially thanks to interviews to draw up a diagnosis of the state of fishing in a context marked by important halieutic potentials although the landscape remains not very glossy. Indeed, the area is marked by numerous operational and organizational problems. Problems that materialize among others by proven under-equipped materials, insufficient involvement of political decision-makers, low incomes and to some extent, the lack of coordination between the various entities that reflect the relative vitality of the sector. Through case studies : Sao Tome (Sao Tome and Principe), Komo estuary (Gabon) and Youpwé (Cameroon), the research also enabled to assess the existing environmental risks due to the practices and uses of fishing gears which are dangerous for the marine ecosystems. Moeover, thanks to these case studies, the concept of sustainable development has been questioned in the context and in the sector we refers too. It was about a kind of probation of the concept. And some maladaptation of the international orientations appears clearly, in the context of coastal central africain states due to specific realities which are not taken into account in the international level. In fact, this probation underlines all the difficulty that exists to tie up the popularisation of "right practices" as far as fishing are concerned and the satisfaction of the primary need of food, which is essential to the survival of the players themselves, in a context where food security remains &almost an illusion. So, this analysis tempts to a replacement of the approaches. That the reason why, the study suggests to consider (again) the sustainable development issue in the maritime area by integrating the concept of territory. Actually, it is about conceptualise or consider the layout of halieutic territories and not only about the fishing activity only. All the related activities such as offshore, the maritime transport, tourism, have to be integrated to the analysis. All in all, this study, by questioning the sustainability of the maritime fishing, fuels and repeats a longstanding debate in human geography : that of the relationship between man and environment
Soh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Ogandaga, Ndiaye Gilles. "La Banque mondiale et la protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0025.
Full textCentral Africa is an area confronted with an interference of most alarming evils as regards development. Lower economic activity, crisis of the structures of development, poverty of the population, to which are added an overexploitation of the natural resources. This crisis to reorientate the action of many organisations of development towards a taking into account of environmental problems in their strategies of development. Thus it of the World bank is. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the interventions of the World bank in the field of environmental protection in Central Africa. It comes out from this study that, although the prime objective of this institution is not environmental protection, environmental problems are now located at the heart of the strategy of development of the World bank. That results in the increase in the wallet of projects allocated with the environmental protection, then by the development of tools intended for the management of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development
Bingono, Meba Emmanuel-Nances. "Protection et valorisation de trois milieux fluvio-marins du centre du golfe de Guinée (estuaires du Gabon, du río Muni et baie de la Mondah) : biodiversité et développement durable." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011271.
Full textAlors que les premières actions de sauvegarde de ces forêts et de leur faune ont débuté il y a environ un siècle, que de grands projets de conservation sont en cours depuis une dizaine d'années et que l'idée d'une valorisation économique pour une exploitation durable commence à intéresser tous les acteurs, de nouvelles actions en partenariat, proposées lors du sommet de Johannesburg (2002), devraient bientôt se concrétiser.
Les aires protégées, outils de conservation de la biodiversité, sont un enjeu tant au Gabon qu'en Guinée équatoriale. Leur ouverture à l'écotourisme, sur la zone littorale, à rias, de la baie de Corisco, est l'objet de cette étude.
Mbakidi, Horsini Leandre. "Gestion forestière durable et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique Centrale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS020S.
Full textEnvironmental issues have in recent years become so important on the international scene it is today inconceivable to develop a forestry policy framework which is not oriented towards the sustainable management of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity sity found in natural areas. The Central African countries are particularly affected by this double challenge as they host the second World Heritage tropical forest. The forest estate has a unique biodiversity, described as second only to the planet because of its contribution to global ecological balance. The Central African forests are under increasing human pressure: hunting and habitat degradation, by extension of agricultural land, energy needs and, above all uncontrolled logging. Concerns about forest management practices in this area therefore require the introduction of changes in their application for a sustainable forest management. A common approach to Central African countries in managing forest resources seems necessary to contribute to sustainable development in the sub-region and the global ecological balance. The issue of forests in Central Africa thus refers to a process of regional integration in the forest sector as a "tool" of interest to the sustainable management of forests and to increase its economic and social contribution to the sub-regional economies
Taty, Alain. "La contribution de la Banque européenne d' investissement au développement économique et industriel de l' Afrique centrale noire francophone." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10020.
Full textThe European Bank finances projects and programmes in Central African States. The purpose of our research-study is to explore the legal regime of technics set up by EIB and politics used in Central Africa
Connétable, Sophie. "Stratégies de développement et de défense chez deux espèces de termites sympatriques : Pseudacanthotermes spiniger et P. militaris (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae)." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS016.
Full textPinta, François. "Développement méthodologique pour la valorisation bois d'oeuvre d'une ressource forestière donnée : développement d'un outil d'aide à la décision et étude de cas au Cameroun." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10175.
Full textMamadou, Asngar Thierry. "Mobilisation de l'épargne financière et réformes des systèmes financiers dans les pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0047.
Full textNono, Guy Marcel. "L'effectivité des normes du développement durable dans le processus d'intégration en Afrique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34966.
Full textA priori, the African Union and its program for development known as NEPAD can be regarded as a prayer wheel. This, due to the impressive number of international documents adopted at the African regional level and the narrow margin of maneuver of the African Union to find lasting solutions to economic and social crises in the continent, with environmental impacts. With certain indications of realism, we cannot think otherwise. When we know that since the advent of the African Union, sustainable development has become in the texts, the guiding principle of the process of African integration. This study analyzes the efforts of the African Union for a sustainable development in Africa as well as Africa's contribution to the evolution of international law. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the norms of sustainable development in the African regional level. We proceeded in two stages. This study also analyzes how the international standards relating to sustainable development was received in the African legal order and their implementation. Beyond the prioritization of the economic and social pillars of sustainable development, we highlighted the way in which the African Union reconciles the three values of sustainable development. This study contributes to shedding some light on the African Union’s legal approach with respect to sustainable development, and to show how this concept is materializes in a particular way in Africa. It firstly analyzes the obligations which the African Union lays on itself to translate to reality, the economic and social pillars of the sustainable development, and secondly, the obligations the African Union addresses to its Member States to implement these pillars. This study is also a contribution to the understanding of the evolution of the concept of development, right to development, sustainable development, and establishes the link between law and development. This study also helps to highlight the evolution of international law, including the questioning of the notion of subjective right and the consecration of the existence of rights with no owner in Public International Law, through the concept of sustainable development.
Beumeu, Emmanuel. "Systèmes financiers et développement : mobilisation des ressources dans les pays de la zone franc (cas des pays B.E.A.C.)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL302.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to detect the role played by the financial systems in the economic development. Just after the independencies, the whole French-speaking countries of Black Africa were concerned by the mobilization of the resources which had to allow them to finance the economic activities. The creation or the transformation of a certain number of financial institutions were previoused for this way. More than thirty years after, the social and economic situation (stagnant growth, decrease of the tax revenues, political disorder and the virtually bankruptcy of banking sectors) suppose a profund failure of the strategies which were set up. The reform of the financial circulations seems to be one of the substancial features of the depression which affects the countries of the B. E. A. C. Zone, as well as the process of transformation of the economic scene which has been settled by these countries. The process aims at increasing the domestic resources and above all at improving the efficiency of investments. In this context, we have considered important to adopt a global vision which go beyond the scope of the financial system. This vision consists in analysing the environment in which the financial middlemen interfere. Indeed, the financial reforms must be included in a global process. We principally contributed to prove that the absence of industrialization of these countries was not necessarily linked to a lack of funds, as we usually think, but more to a inadequate management, based upon the principle of « the government by the privileged people », that we can find within economic sectors and administrations. So, we have drawn up some measures, without claiming that we found the miracle solution that would get these countries out of depression
Koté, Lassina. "Naissance et développement des économies de production en Afrique Centrale : formulation d'un modèle archéologique en terre incognita." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100102.
Full textIt was in 1966 when Bayle des Hermes discovered the batalimo neolithic site in the Central African Republic. Since then, few datas have broaded our knowledge about that important evidence of the ubanguian neolithic. We began this investigation with the aim of contributing to filling this deficiency and, furthermore, of analysing the best ways to optimize the information from these datas which are considered as the demonstrations of social and cultural dynamics. In that perspective, we postulate that the setting up and preservation of any cultural system need a territory, technical means and social structures. So, a quite difficult survey in a rainfall forest environment round batalimo has allowed us to find out some 15 sites on the lobaye banks, and near the lesse shore, as well as to discuss about the spatial organisation and occupation of this area. When we excavated some sites (Batalimo, Eyo, Bobele II)
Ndongo, Hervé Pascal. "Microfinance et développement des pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40020.
Full textSince many decades, micro-finance institutions respond to permanent needs of populations left out of formal banking systems. They became indispensable partners of social and economic development by adapting themselves to permanent population needs. The proof is the consecration by the United Nations General Assembly of the year 2005 "International Year of Micro credit" to honor the contribution of micro credit in alleviating poverty and that of Peace Price Nobel 2006, Professor MUHAMMAD Yunus, the Grameen Bank founder. The object of the present research is exactly to assess the impact of micro-credit in financing developing countries growth, particulary those of CAMEC area, by using techniques of statistical treatment data's, especially principal components analysis. It enlighten micro-finance problem by : the typology of micro-finance institutions ; financial flows of public aid to development compared to those of micro-finance institutions ; the nature of risk face micro-finance institutions. In others words, the fundamental question of our work are : does the micro-finance constitute a factor of development in the CAMEC zone ? What is it veritable contribution in the fight against poverty in that zone ?
Chouaïbou, Mfenjou Modeste. "L' Afrique à l'épreuve du développement durable : la conciliation du progrès économique, de la protection de l'environnement et du développement humain." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD008.
Full textThe unforeseeable consequences of pollution (reheating of the glaciers, flood, crumbling of the layer of ozone, rise in the level of the oceans) due to the growth of the discharge of gases, of the deforestationsupported the emergence of the concept of the sustainable development. Behind this setting in danger of planet, economic progress must not only seek the satisfaction of the needs present, but integrate the concerns of the future generations. The safeguard of this solidarity over generations requires a common action ; if not the efforts of the ones (protectors) will be cancelled by the laxity of the others (pollutants). Already weakened by poverty, the conflicts, the famine, the desertification, Africa is not requested than the other areas of the world. Accounting for 2% of the world trade, Africa under structural adjustment adopted liberalism and its States complete the process of privatisation of the public companies. But, that it is of the space representation, land management, agriculture, justice, education or the governance, the African Culture reconciles with difficulty its traditions with modernity. If creation, the promotion and natural and human stock management are hardly satisfactory in Africa, it is because the process of the development is put at evil by exogenous and endogenous obstacles. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the populations, only pledge of their survival, awaits an international support for the measurement of the challenge of the African rebirth in development. But, the Occident does not seize enough that in a world without border, solidarity is the well shared interest for, if Africa continues to endure such lamentable deprivations, it will hardly be in safety in its opulence
Demba, René-Charles. "L'harmonisation des plans de développement des pays de l'Union douanière et économique en Afrique centrale." Rouen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ROUELDEM.
Full textMballa, Charlie-Florent. "Les conditions d’un nouvel axe de relations ouest-est : la coopération décentralisée avec les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020015.
Full textTraditionally, States have had a monopoly of International Cooperation disregarding the important role played by Public and Private Institutions. Thanks to the world-wide mobilizing concepts viz. : Democratizing process and its corollary Decentralization, Partnership, multilayered Governance, Local Communities have developed their competences so much so that their foreign intercourses have resulted from their internal competences. As this power of playing International action has given birth to what is known today as “Decentralized Cooperation”, it has helped non-State actors have access to Transnational Exchanges, in so far as they have enabled to refine both the ideology and the scope of classical International Relations. Therefore, the relationships between French and Central and Eastern European Countries local Authorities are in line with that new “Weltanschauung”. In that light, the partnerships involved are interesting in the sense that they are to be understood as the contribution of Civil Society to help Europe grow, come closer and unite. Although political and economic transition process of former Communist States, subsequent to the fall of the “Berlin Wall”, has given a new impulse to Transnational Relations, we should bear in mind that an important traditional network of “Town Twinnings” helps to trace back our subject. In addition, given that Decentralized Cooperation studied here is at the middle of “Cooperation for Development” and exchange of experiences among Equal Partners, the question is how that “hybrid” form of Cooperation can be considered as reciprocal as it differentiates itself from the relations with the Third World, so far observed. Furthermore, with regard to the transversal European agenda that Local Authorities are subject to and given Government support, the autonomy of the phenomenon remains questionable. It is, finally difficult to claim the “End of States” as key actors of Global Diplomacy, given that Globalization constraints and its effects on Foreign Policy bring States back in. We nonetheless agree that Decentralized Cooperation seems to be a means of experimentation of new International Relations by States
Tomo, Gisèle. "Ressources naturelles et développement durable dans les économies subsahariennes : le rôle de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0062/document.
Full textNatural resources are taken in the nature for, in the most of cases to improve the conditions of existence of the population. In Sub-Saharan Africa, economics are often dominated by the exploitation of these natural resources which contribute to the formation of the national wealth. This exploitation of natural resources should thus allow the improvement of the welfare of the present generations without compromising the possibility for the future generations to improve theirs. So natural resources should be exploited so that the heritage represented by the environment is not altered and so that the populations living thanks to these naturalresources see theirs conditions of existence improving today and in the future.The sustainable development is thus the way which must to guide the strategies ofdevelopment in Sub-Saharan economics which are generously endowed in natural resources. This one dresses a triple dimension, namely economic, social and ecological. It is thus important to examine the relation between natural resources and sustainable development because, indeed natural resources have to allow the populations to know a sustainable development. If certain countries indeed, although provided in natural resources did not bring, on examination of the indicators of development which are at the lowest, elements of sustainable development in the past and today, it is important to reverse the trend. It is as such that the strategies must be mobilized in Sub-Saharan Africa. The examination of the case of certain countries generously endowed in natural resources shows that these should be a source of endogenous growth to envisage a sustainabledevelopment. From then on the good governance, the best distribution of receipts stemming from natural resources and the contribution of the foreign partners are important. The European Union as partner and financer has a role so that the economics of Africa in the south of Sahara put themselves on the path of the sustainable development from their asset which lies in possession of natural resources. As such the financial cooperation among other has to give better results so that we can establish a relation between financing and sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa
Guichaoua, André. "Destins paysans et politiques agraires en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010686.
Full textObambi-Itoua, Alphonse. "Système congolais de transport et intégration économique en Afrique Centrale." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9331.
Full textKeita, Diene. "Droit international et développement durable en Afrique : le bilan mitigé des OMD et des partenariats pour le développement." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010300/document.
Full textAll African countries agree that human development is a fundamental aspiration of the peoples of the region and the governments that represent them. So they all adopted the Millennium Declaration. However, overall progress has been below expectations. Between 1990 and 2000, African countries averaged only 10 per cent of the Millennium Development Goals, instead of the 40 per cent required to be on the right track. The global analysis of MDG monitoring shows that 4 countries have reached a number of specific targets and that more than one third of the countries of the subregion could reach the main objectives, particularly in the areas of schooling, nutrition, and access to clean water. Other countries, on the other hand, could face real difficulties in meeting the challenges without effective and lasting support from the international community. Despite the mixed record of partnership agreements, many experts believe that achieving the MDGs in Africa cannot be achieved without international partnerships. Hence the need to maintain the sense of realism that is to ask for the financial, technological and intellectual assistance that can bring the industrialized countries, especially those of the European Union and the United States of America , and to shift the burden of implementing the sustainable development of states towards the citizens through the dedication of "public-private" partnerships and "states / civil societies"
Freundlich, Marie-Claire. "La promotion des energies nouvelles et renouvelables parmi les priorités d'une stratégie de développement spécifique à l'Afrique subsaharienne." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0025.
Full textAmbomo, Marcel. "Commerce, environnement et développement en Afrique francophone : réalités et perspectives." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4007.
Full textBase development only on economic growth, was a trend in Africa. Henceforth, this approach is questioned, since the consecration of sustainable development at Rio Summit. Consequently, development issue of African countries is studied, by redefining actual balance between trade, environment and development. Indeed, we can take up a bet on trade as development tool in Africa. However, his success depends on withdraw of trade barriers and the protection of environment. We seize here, the opportunity to re-examine the sustainable concept, which appears, for good, as a civilization vision. At what scale? Universality seems on this context attractive. But it's risky, because it could ignore local situation. In this field, we can think globally, but act locally. This concept allows sui generis sustainable development models, with the purpose to avoid a unique environmental view
Yondou, Serge Willy. "L'UNESCO et la communication dans les pays en développement : le cas de l'Afrique centrale." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30042.
Full textNgouhouo, Ibrahim. "Les investissements directs étrangers en Afrique centrale : attractivité et effets économiques." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274376.
Full textLevrel, Harold. "Biodiversité et développement durable : quels indicateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128430.
Full textCette thèse cherche à évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs d'interactions existants ainsi que des méthodes de construction innovantes qui se fixent pour objectif de développer des outils de co-gestion adaptative de la biodiversité
N’Gapele, Coulibaly Martin. "Mesure des effets de la formation sur l'évolution économique et sociale de l’Afrique centrale." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090001.
Full textThe effect of the quantitative analysis of information on economic and social evolution of Central Africa gives us the technological strategic of economical development of these countries which are mixed up in under developing countries. The most frail of time is making up lost time and wrest from economic structure from the waning. The exist economical structure destroyed by the aberration of management of the unskilled persons into are deficient of knowledge. Now it is necessary to educate the people with proper knowledge which will be useful for the country and this can take off these countries in a bright way within a very short time
Rondelet, Yves. "Le miel en Afrique de l'Ouest." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOL001.
Full textMeyong, Abath Roger. "L'harmonisation fiscale en zone CEMAC." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090025.
Full textGibson, Sandra. "La diffusion du droit forestier français en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA111004.
Full textAkue, Adovi Segbeaya. "Finances publiques et politiques de protection de l'environnement dans les pays d'Afrique de l'ouest." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3020.
Full textMahamat-Idriss, Hassan. "Création et développement des entreprises en Afrique : cas du Cameroun et du Tchad." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_mahamat_idriss_h.pdf.
Full textThe company is the motor of growth and economic development. The entrepreneur is its builder. He contributes to the creation of, riches, jobs and guarantees the social cohesion. Industrialized nations have proved that the wealth is acquired through creation, imagination and innovation which are the virtues of the entrepreneur. Our thesis reveals the obstacles which prevent the creation and the development of companies in Africa, particularly in the CEMAC zone. It also presents perspectives to fight against the failures of the financial and banking systems which are expressed by a financial excess liquidity, a weakness of the investment environment and an asymmetry of information about companies. These failures constitute the main explicative factors of the high cost of credit for VSE (Very Small Enterprise) and SME (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise) which creates a climate of mistrust in business. Such constraints concerning informal economy are explained by an administrative red tape and by the scarcity of bank loans. The restructuration of the banking and financial sectors of the CEMAC zone is necessary to encourage entrepreneurship
Diagana, Yakhouba. "Le droit international du développement durable et le continent africain : mesure du degré de transposition des règles internationales de développement économique et de protection de l'environnement en Afrique de l'Ouest (Mauritanie, Sénégal)." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0766.
Full textThe International law of Sustainable Development by his normative production since the international Conference of Stockholm (1972) on world environment can be defined like a group of internationals economics rules and environment protection. This approach in agreement with the Gro Harlem Brundtland Rapport ("Our common future") of 1987 which the terms enforce to the International Community the necessity of the determination of efficient rules for the control of the movement of the Intelligent Dimension (the Human Activity) that continue to influence considerably and negatively the Intermediairy Dimension (the Environment) from that depend essentially and substantially the Final or Intelligible Dimension ( The Human Being). In west of Africa (Mauritania – Senegal) the application of these rules constitute some considerable problems from the history of this continent, in part (Title I) that made also for their efficient application some structurals obstacles in other part (Title II)
Roulet, Pierre-Armand. ""Chasseur blanc, coeur noir" ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale : une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion de la chasse communautaire." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE1053.
Full textThe interdisciplinary thesis analyses the role of sport hunting in the programmes of participative management of wildlife in Central Africa, more particularly on two pilot sites (northern Central African Republic and south-east Cameroon). Over the course of the 20th century, sport hunting evolved greatly through the joint processes of "democratisation", professionalisation and internationalisation of its protagonists. These days, safari operators can play a major role in conservation, notably owing to their spatial control of sizeable cynegetic zones, globally sustainable harvesting and a sound capacity to look after and defend the natural environment. This statement can, however, only be fully appreciated when the activity of safari operators plays a part in programmes linking the state, specific projects and the local population. The analysis of the techniques, ideology and discourse of safari guides and those of their clients reveals the antinomy of their ideas of safari as well as the onset of a nostalgia for colonial hunting. We note also the surprising fact that the "great white hunters" often fit better into the rural socio-cultural context than do other non-indigenous protagonists. Finally, if the economic argument presenting sport hunting as a signifiant tool in programmes of participative management of wildlife remains valid, it is nevertheless essential not to overlook the conceptual and technical limits of the proposed models, as well as the very real stakes lying behind the appropriation of the land and resources
Casanovas, Nathalie. "Du tourisme solidaire au tourisme durable en Afrique de l'ouest : mise en oeuvre d'un processus opératoire de suivi et d'évaluation des projets, le cas du Burkina Faso." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1031.
Full textThis piece of research focuses on tourism in West Africa, looking back over the past 20 years of Aid. Cutting through the rhetoric, the aim is to define the conditions necessary to improve living conditions for third world populations using alternative forms of tourism and promoting eco-tourism. Eco-tourism cannot of its own accord solve all of West Africa’s developmental problems as it is only of a very limited nature - but it can make a lasting contribution. However eco-tourism is itself a fine balance between the commercial and the ecological. It is an adapted and balanced type of tourism that this study is intending to examine, utilising an innovative method to evaluate the three building blocks of sustainable development
Fargeot, Christian. "La chasse commerciale en Afrique centrale : une menace pour la biodiversité ou une activité économique durable ? : Le cas de la république centrafricaine." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931537.
Full textAcosta, Raphael. "Développement durable et marchés émergents : le cas de l'ISR en Afrique du Sud, au Brésil et en Inde." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD013/document.
Full textAccording to traditional financial theory, markets are deemed efficient and investors rational. They base the choice of their portfolios on well-defined financial parameters, following their own risk aversion. With the development of socially responsible investments (SRIs) in the middle of the 90s, a vast domain of research became available when selectingone’s portfolio. Indeed, investors integrate new elements which are out of the financial scope to their strategy of portfolio management, thus diverging from the traditional financial theory. The birth and development of this new type of investments has triggered the scientific community’s enthusiasm with more and more academic publications being written on the matter. Research has mostly tackled SRIs related to the main western marketplaces withdiverging results. The objective of this thesis is to deepen the analysis of the financial behavior of these funds and socially responsible indicators from three emerging markets – South-Africa, Brazil and India – while taking into consideration the risks specific to thesemarketplaces and funds, and to appreciate their interest in terms of internationaldiversification of portfolios.This thesis is divided into four independent sections which follow a certain logic in writing and composition in order to answer our questions in the best way possible. The two first sections will introduce the subject and domain of this research. They will mostly deal with the theoretical aspect in order to conceptualize the research’s subject and put it into context. The two following sections will focus on empirical analysis. SRIs will be analyzed as pure financial performances, but also as vectors of diversification for portfolios which is, to our knowledge, relatively absent from academic publications. Moreover, two scales were used for space and time, dividing the research according to the different phases of the 2008financial crisis and by analyzing performances following local and international dimensions. On the theoretical aspect, this study brings new elements concerning the comprehension of SRIs in a cross-cultural context, by questioning ethical perception, resulting financial strategies, and their economic impact. The empirical results have shown the financial interest for SRIs in these three markets in terms of performance and diversification of portfolios, from both a domestic and an international point of view
Na teoria financeira clássica, os mercados são supostamente eficientes e osinvestidores supostamente racionais. Esses últimos selecionam suas carteiras de açõesbaseando-se em parâmetros financeiros definidos em função do seu sentimento de aversão aorisco. Com o desenvolvimento do Investimento Socialmente Responsável (ISR), meados dosanos 90, abriu-se um vasto campo de pesquisa em seleção de carteiras de ações. De fato, osinvestidores integram dados extra-financeiros na elaboração de suas estratégias de gestão dascarteiras de ações, rompendo, assim, com a teoria financeira clássica. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de investimento entusiasmou a comunidadecientífica e multiplicaram-se as publicações acadêmicas. As pesquisas concentraram-se nasperformances dos ISR nos grandes mercados financeiros ocidentais, obtendo-se entretantoresultados divergentes. O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar a análise do comportamentofinanceiro dos fundos e índices SR nos mercados emergentes – África do Sul, Brasil e Índia –levando em conta seus riscos específicos e apreciar o seu interesse no que concerne adiversificação internacional das carteiras de ações.Nossa tese compõe-se de quatro capítulos independentes seguindo uma lógica deredação e composição afim de responder da melhor forma possível as questões da pesquisa.Os dois primeiros capítulos introduzem o objeto do campo de pesquisa. Eles apresentam uminteresse essencialmente teórico para conceituar o objeto da pesquisa e contextualizar o seucampo de aplicação. Os dois últimos capítulos são consagrados as análises empíricas. Os ISR sãoanalisados como objetos de performances financeiras puras e também como vetores dediversificação das carteiras de ações, o que, a nosso conhecimento, ainda é relativamenteausente das publicações acadêmicas. Por outro lado, duas escalas de tempo e espaço foramcruzadas dividindo a pesquisa segundo as diferentes fases da crise financeira de 2008 eanalisando as performances a nível local e internacional.No campo teórico esse estudo traz novos elementos para a compreensão dos ISRdentro de uma visão intercultural, questionando a percepção da ética, as estratégiasfinanceiras resultantes e seus impactos econômicos. Os resultados das análises empíricasdemonstraram o interesse financeiro dos ISR nos três mercados em termos de performances ede diversificação tanto no nível nacional que internacional
Mboa, Nkoudou Thomas Hervé. "Les makerspaces en Afrique francophone, entre développement local durable et technocolonialité : trois études de cas au Burkina Faso, au Cameroun et au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67577.
Full textOver the last decade, many Western countries have seen their public spheres populated by the collaborative, open and shared manufacturing spaces, broadly known as makerspaces. Often described as vehicles of social change and industrialization, the idea of makerspaces has been rapidly exported from the West to the rest of the world and in Africa specifically. Regarding this expansion, I wondered about the societal purposes and neutrality of these collaborative spaces in the African context. Prior to address these questions, it is important to establish a common framework understand the socio-historical and economic context of Africa. That is why, inspired by decolonial studies, I have drawn a conceptual framework consisting of technocoloniality and sustainable local development. In order to do so, I first deconstructed the current dominant paradigm of development approaches, namely the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Then, in the light of the work on cognitive justice, I reconstructed and presented the idea of sustainable local development as relevant for Africa, and as an alternative to SDGs. The dimensions of sustainable local development are : the quest for cognitive justice, the informal economy, common goods, inclusion and empowerment, African alternative thinking and social innovation. Then, on the basis of coloniality and the colonial matrix of power, I presented the idea of technocoloniality and its dimensions which are: techno-utopic discourse, neo-capitalist practices and the coloniality of knowledge linked to technology transfer. This conceptual framework allowed me to refine my questioning in the following research question: to what kind of development do makerspaces contribute in Francophone Africa? Specifically, the question is whether collaborative spaces can really contribute to sustainable local development in Africa or whether they contribute to strengthening technocoloniality. To answer these questions, I conducted three case studies in Francophone Africa: the Ouagalab in Burkina Faso, the Ongola Fablab in Cameroon and the Defko Ak Niep Lab in Senegal. For each case, I collected data using a combination of three methods: participant observation, semi-structuredi nterviews with makerspaces members and promoters, and content analysis. After processing data, I conducted a qualitative analysis using Nvivo software. The different categories of my analysis were then compared and interpreted using the previously constructed conceptual framework. My study revealed that makerspaces are commons that fight against cognitive injustice, ensure the flowering of knowledge, promote inclusion and empowerment of members, and catalyse social innovation. In other words, the dynamics within collaborative manufacturing spaces are highly conducive to sustainable local development. Above all, makerspaces display women's dynamism and leadership, since they allow them to fight injustices and biases they used to face in the society and places related to STEM (Science-Technology- Engineering and Mathematics). However, the management of makerspaces as an entity is highly exposed to technocoloniality. This severely hinders the internal dynamics and thus their contribution to sustainable local development. But if the different actors involved in the makerspace ecosystem take into account some factors, makerspaces would bring a lot of benefits to sustainable local development of Africa. That is why at the end of this thesis, we made some suggestions.
Renouard, Cécile. "Multinationales industrielles et développement durable des pays du Sud : de quoi rendre responsables les entreprises multinationales ?" Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0100.
Full textHow can multinational corporations contribute to the substainable development of developing countries ? Embezzling capitalism in a global social and political project encompasses the combination of utopianism (the aim of intra- and trans-generational justice) and strategy taking into account the clashes of interests within the economic and political spheres. Substainable Development involves a redefinition of the different kinds of responsability for corporations : economic, social, societal, political. Multinationals should also pay attention to the cultural aspect of development. The search of worldwide implementation of sustainable development implies the ethical education of the elites and the assessment of the global role of States and institutions in order to define the compulsory aspect of corporate social responsability. The reflection inspired by Michaël Walzer is supported by studies of four companies' activities (Total, Unilever, Lafarge and Michelin) in Kenya and Nigeria
Ndiaye, Amma. "Etude comparée des stratégies de développement durable en Afrique subsaharienne basées sur la valorisation d'une agro-ressource spécifique : le cas de la spiruline." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIME007.
Full textIn a context of major questioning about polluting industrial processes and mobilising non-renewable resources, structural modifications in order to set up sustainable production methods and to establish the economical growth in a long-term base, are namely necessary for african countries in their development stratégies.In this way, spirulina valorisation, a renewable resource, for multiple use and with outstanding properties, belongs in this logical.Besides its therapeutic values and nutritional qualities, spirulina is not only safe for environment, but also it presents interest due to photosynthesis.In terms of socio-economics, spirulina could bring significant response to underdevelopment problems, and namely malnutrition and poverty. Indeed, its valorisation permit to generate regular incomes to the persons who work in and also, permit financial empowerment of vulnerable population groups.Nowadays, spirulina valorisation spread accross Africa but continuity and succes of spirulina projects depend on various challenges to be met.Therefore, the aim of this work is to demonstrate in what way, how and under which conditions, sustainable development strategies based on spirulina valorisation can be a vector of development for Subsahara Africa countries
Gbotogbia, Mathias Bonaventure. "La problématique de l'exercice des droits et devoirs par les Etats africains au Sud Sahara au regard des principes de bonne gouvernance." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0034.
Full textKoula, Bablésson Mardochée Désiré. "Le développement durable dans les traités régionaux africains d'investissement : cas de la CEDEAO et de la SADC." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0351.
Full textThe understanding of the tandem of sustainable development and investment treaty has long been seen in terms of contradiction. Indeed, although there is a consensus on the importance of investments as a vehicle for Sustainable Development, the only international instruments specifically dedicated to them [investment treaties] generally pay little or no attention to this objective; they are designed with the sole aim of ensuring high protection for investors and their investments. Over the past decade, however, new models of investment treaties have emerged in African regional organizations with the sole aim of promoting investments that support sustainable development. However, this paradigm shift, which now advocates the compatibility of the legal regime of transnational investment with social and environmental requirements, raises some questions. Among these is the question of how the commitment to sustainable development is concretely reflected in these regional treaties. The issue is crucial, especially when one considers the difficulties surrounding the analysis of Sustainable Development, a concept and objective that is both multidimensional and evolving. In that regard, the study of ECOWAS and SADC instruments reflected the consideration of Sustainable Development at two levels. First, adaptation, through the amendment of the traditional clauses of investment treaties (Part I). Secondly, innovation, through the introduction of provisions which had not previously existed in Treaty practice (Part II)
Sama, Mathieu. "Paupérisation anthropologique et développement humain durable : herméneutique du burkindlem pour une éthique chrétienne inculturée de la promotion humaine intégrale en Afrique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAK014.
Full textIn 2000, through the Millennium Declaration, peoples are invited to opt for what is called the "sustainable human development". Several years later, in matter of development in Africa, the results are far below expectations. Then, it is necessary to lead reflection on the factors that influence the success of an effort to a "sustainable human development" on African soil. Therefore, our hypothesis is that whenever the Moaaga "burkĩndlem" is informed of the requirements of Christian ethics, it can become the place of a hermeneutics for efficient human development. In the Christian perspective, the anthropological foundation at the base of sustainable human development is the concept of "imago Dei" attributed to man in the biblical Revelation. In this regard, the Christian burkĩndlem appears as highly significant in the African context and is more than suggestive. The objective will be, for the burkĩmba Christians, to attain their full capacity as human beings in order to be open to the salvation that Christ, Son of God and fully man, has brought by grace
Ditengou, Rockaya. "Politique, médias et développement : l'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans le cas du Gabon en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD030/document.
Full textGabon, a country of central Africa, has a population of about 1 500 000 inhabitants. TheGabonese economy relies mainly on its natural resources. Since the begining of 1990, this countryhas chosen a development plan, aiming at the diversification of its economic sectors. It is in thisperspective that the country pays a particular attention to ICT (Information and CommunicationTechnology) and to its intergration in the process of development. However, ICT poses a triplechallenge: that of know-how; social skills; and that of the preservation of the general interest. Asin the other french-speaking countries, Gabonese leaders have understood the strategic importanceof ICT in the future of Gabon. The fact remains that the use and appropriation of ICT can bebeneficial, if they are mastered and guided by a farsighted public policy,which is a greatopportunity for social cohesion and intergration. On the other hand, when this fails, it can bringabout additional inequalities. As a matter of fact, if the environment defined by ICT is that ofaccelerating change and structural performance, the difficulties are significant when it comes tothe adaptation and the appropriation of these tools by many people. This research is interested inthe conditions of a real social cohesion which would be fostered by ICT. This requires a politicalcontext which favours access to Information Technology in the largest sense. We are thereforefocusing our attention on the political structures
Codur, Anne-Marie. "La relation société-environnement dans une approche systémique : contribution à la définition du concept de développement durable." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework for studying the society-environment relationship in a systemic perspective especially in the context of social systems that are closely dependant on their local environment, as is still the case for most rural communities in developing countries. Traditional analytical, quantitative approaches (using linear causalities) generally fail to explain the complexity of the relation between a society and its environment. This dissertation employs a dynamic interactive socio-ecological system (SES) model which represents the organization of the interface that links any society to its natural environment. Focusing on the institutional aspect of this interface, i argue that the relation between institutional design and ecosystemic properties is critical for sustainability. Sustainable institutional structures must be sensitive to physical factors which impose constraints on the exploitation of natural renewable resources (e. G. Variability and uncertainty in the availability of a resource in space, time and quantity, conditions of access, visibility, divisibility,. . ) I develop a typology of diverse ideal-types of SESs according to institutional responses to ecological constraints (especially in terms of appropriate institutional scales or regulation of access to resources). I illustrate this typology by examples of historically sustainable SESs in rural communities of Morocco and Tunisia. These communities are experiencing exogenous and endogenous changes or shocks (population pressure, institutional failures, openess to the market, conflicts between different institutional scales of regulation,. . . ) That are modifying the patterns of the socio-environment interface and can lead to ecological degradations if the necessary institutional adaptations fail to occur
Mekpo, Goh Damien. "Agriculture éco-spirituelle pour un développement durable en Afrique à l'ère de la crise écologique : le projet agro-pastoral "Songhaï" du Bénin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK012/document.
Full textCan eco-spiritual agriculture develop Africa in this era of ecological crisis ? This present thesis tries to answer the above question through the study of Songhaï development Project whose objective is to be for Benin Republic a breeding ground for socio-economic development from the man which profile is “a new type of entrepreneur”, “morally equipped” endowed with an important human resources. This type of man is to be fully assembled with the “behavioural skills”, the “know-how”, and simply the “knowledge” by an in-depth practical training based on the double pedagogical principle : “Learn by doing” and “Use what you have to get what you need”. Learning to do what ? Transforming agriculture into the gear lever of economic progress. An ecological and entrepreneurial agriculture of which the productive and management methods take into account culture, breeding and fish farming in one hand, and production, transformation and marketing on the other, and finally its spiritual, social and economical dimensions
Eka, Fred. "La contribution de la Chine au développement économique des pays d' Afrique Sub Saharienne." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2035/document.
Full textOver the past 15 years, the Sino-African relationship has profoundly changed the African continent, which many Western governments have abandoned. Central Africa has many commodities including oil, copper, cobalt and iron ore. Many, including some African, suspect what they consider to be a neo-colonial landholding, in which the Chinese state illustrated through its 2,200 companies, extract minerals in return for infrastructure.Nevertheless, there is a consensus that the Chinese presence has mainly benefited Africa. A few figures illustrate the change. In 2000, trade between China and Africa was only $ 10 billion. By 2014, this has increased more than 20 times to $ 220 billion, according to the China Africa Research Initiative at the School of International Studies. An interest that is reflected by the presence of Chinese actors, public and private, more and more numerous, precisely in the direct investments (stocks of 10 to 45 billion dollars), according to the sources.Yet there is anxiety about the rise of Chinese influence. Several political leaders are concerned that Africa has recently shifted to the trade deficit with China. African governments are so indebted to China that they could cause economic dependence on the future of their countries.My research explores the impact of China on the economic development of SSA countries. The aim is to show how the countries of Central Africa, notably CEMAC, which lag behind other regions of SSA must use the complex changes in the Chinese economy to boost their economic growth and boost their development and attract foreign investors, job creators and a major player in the dynamization and industrialization of territories. We analyzed and compared the choice of the mode of location of Chinese and French greenfield IDEs in Central Africa. Our results show the decisive role of the main trading potential driving the strategies of internationalization of Chinese firms in Central Africa
Ahoulouma, Fortuné B. "Contribution à l'étude du concept de développement durable : une application au secteur de l'eau douce au sein de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (U.E.M.O.A.)." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT3008.
Full textThe study aims at exploring the ways for the appropriation of sustainable development by international law because of its spell-binding and vague nature. This concept, which became popular during the 1992 Rio Declaration, is used today as a basis for public policies on environment. The study thus proposes, because of the general character of the concept, an application to the water sector within the U. E. M. O. A region. This application depends on the changes which could stem from the international acknowledgement of sustainable development in International water law. International principles and regulations of sustainable and common management of water resources will flow from these evolutions which could be adaptated within the U. E. M. O. A. Member countries. There is a need for reforms and for a strong involvement of the international community which constitutes the adequate framework for a critical analysis geared towards the defence of common interests
Béranger, Chantal. "Le rôle du chemin de fer en Afrique : les cas du Mozambique et du Kenya." Thesis, Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0010/document.
Full textThis thesis is the relationship between the themes of transport and sustainable development through the concept of congruence. It specifically addresses the issue of the role of the railway in improving the lives of rural populations and particularly in two African states, Mozambique and Kenya
Ndiade, Bourobou Dyana. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la diversité génétique d’une espèce rare en Afrique Centrale : baillonella toxisperma Pierre (le Moabi)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20045/document.
Full textIf genetic diversity patterns of gregarious rainforest forest trees are well known, few knowledges are available about low density tree species. Does those last one follow the same genetic distribution pattern? Which biotic and abiotic factors underline the spatial structure and evolution of the genetic diversity of such species? In order to improve the knowledge of the biology of such species, we have propose through nuclear microsatellite(nuc) and chlorosplastic (cp) markers to (i) analyse the reproductive system of a low density tree species, (ii) assess its dispersal capacity through seeds and pollen, and finally to (iii) describe the spatial genetic structure at a fine and large scale. We have addressed those questions with Baillonella toxisperma Pierre (commonly named Moabi), a commercial tree of many uses, known to be rare (1 ind/15ha à 20 ha) and distributed through different ecologicals areas of Congo basin. Three main results rise from our study: (i) Despite a strong isolation of the adults, B. toxisperma has a dominant allogamous reproductive system (tm ≈ 98%) with a reduce rate of self-pollination (1- tm< 3%) which is probably due to occurrence of protandry. (ii) As expected in the case of low density trees, the spatial statistic (Sp) of the fine spatial genetic structure is very low [Spnuc = 0.003 ; Spcp = 0.015]. Those reflected a very high gene flow mediated through pollen [σp = 9.8 km à 10.8 km] and seeds [σs = 4.0 km à 6.3 km], that probably mediated by efficient dispersal vectors like bats, human and elephant. At a large scale, a phylogenetic signal has been detected between individuals located in both side of the thermic equator, mainly between those from the block forest of Cameroon and Gabon [RST = 0.313 > RSTp = 0.115, P < 0.001]. Two discretes genetics units from the Gabon block forest which separate individuals of the West coastal forests from the lowland forest ones (in the inland) have also been detected and showed a moderate genetic differentiation [FST = 0.068, P < 0.001]. The genetic differentiation between these three units could be explained by a geographical isolation during past climatic disturbances in the African rainforest, occurred in the Pleistocene and Holocene, and which will be still maintained up to date by a reproductive isolation caused by flowering asynchrony periods among individuals. The occurrence of these three genetic units suggests a biogeographical repartition of B. toxisperma in the Congo basin that is mainly due to the past and current climate. Our conclusions may lead to implement conservation strategies and sustainable management programm for biodiversity in Central Africa
Pierre, Fabienne. "Espace public transnational : éléments épistémologiques et méthodologiques pour l'analyse à travers le Sommet mondial du développement durable (Johannesburg 2002)." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120044.
Full textThis thesis is aimed at bringing epistemological and methodological elements to analyse the transnational public space, as structured by roles and positions staged on the occasion of United Nations conferences, in the specific context of the pluralist prescriptions of "sustainable developent" related to the normative dicourse on governance that is inherent to this notion. The choice of the Johannesburg Summit relates to this connection we study through the analysis of the evolutions that have characterized the UN discourse on development and environment, interdependence then participation, as well as procedures and practices within UN conferences from Stockholm (1972) to Rio (1992). Our analysis of Johannesburg builds on a diverse documentary corpus and on the exploration, through the use of textual statistics tools, of discursive positions embodied in the declarations made on the occasion of the official "General debate". As mediation spaces between political, economic and civil spheres that provide international actors with the opportunity to discuss the common good of the planet, as process resulting in the enunciation of shared orientations, UN conferences certainly stand for the most wide-ranging expression of the transnational public space and of its institutionalization. Through the Johannesburg case, it appears they also take place as a theatre that exhibits a "performance" embodied in devices, communication and participation strategies, discursive productions, a complex game reflecting actors' diversity in the paradoxical and constrained context of a polarizing UN mediation