Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement économique – Afrique'
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Lelo, Binda Bruno. "Monnaie et développement : le cas de l'Afrique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32042.
Full textAfrica's under development, which is often misunderstood and wrongly defined, is examined here from new angles and interpreted in novel ways. An economic subsbucture, relying on two production systems: the more "modern" one, the legacy of colonisation, is focussed an the interests of the upper stratum. This system has remained unchanged since accession to independence, as a result of outmoded and obsolete processes being maintened. However both the production system itself and the resulting revenue are geared to satisfying the needs of non African countries, the more "traditional" one, subsistance-based, tends to drag the economy down. It is characterized by archaic pratices, oblivious to modem organizational structures, scientifically approved methods and rigorous models or mecanisms. The interaction of these two forces, puiling as they do in opposing directions, results in a paralysis of Africa, which is thus frozen in its state of under developmernt. A matetary substructure, unclear in its definition, often over simplistic and lacking the basis which confers value and validity to any currency. This in turn points to a number of questions: of a légal nature, according to International Public Law and which once again raise the issue of the sovereignty of African States. That are both monetary and economic, which can best be summed up by a total lack of understanding as to purpose of a currency "ara African economies currency-based ?" In part I, we decribed the theoretical and practical means of triggering African development, before examining a number of solutions to these problems in part II. -Economic structures : using economic science to open Africa up to the rest of the world by creating an African Common Market (single market) -ACM - designed to help the continent break out of its isolation and start building a future for itself. -Currency solutions : insofar as no African currency is convertible, we suggest the stablishment of an Inter African Central Bank - IACB - and the creation of four regional Banks, to issue and circulate a single currency. The advantages for the continent as a whole of such an initiative are manifold, putting an end to economic dependency, strengthening democracies and priming develoment
Ndiaye, Guirane Samba. "Institutions financières et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727467.
Full textKoundoul, Issa. "Les télécommunications en Afrique : du sous développement à la libéralisation économique." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0022.
Full textThe globalization of the economy made it possible to reduce the tariff barriers and sometimes, to completely destroy the national borders vis-a-vis the trade. Since Uruguay Round, services which, formerly, escaped this movement, will be the subject of projects of reform on the scale of the States. The changes occurred in telecommunications reached a dimension and an extent ever equalized. Thus, the sector will know a multilateral agreement within the framework of the World Trade Organization for it's progressive liberalization. In the developing countries, these major changes will involve a reorganization on the legal level, the lawful one and the institutional one. The characterized under development of African States and known poverty their populations, calls so that a necessary adequacy and fragile is found between the economic one and the social one to ensure the the sector viability. The process of telecommunications sector's liberalization knew many difficulties, however, one of noting the tendency to a certain harmonization of the legal practices, even if results can be differents ; it is all the difficulty of the regulation in the competitive markets vis-a-vis the social needs of populations that universal service, universal access and rural telecommunications strategies are trying to solve in less developing countries
Olowolagba, Claude Agnila. "L'impasse du développement économique en Afrique de l'ouest." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010034.
Full textAfter various and fruitless efforts of development based on economic growth, west africa next issue is henceforth between neglected traditional entreprises and other hardly inaccessible consumerism. Contrary to assumed facts, its failure does not lie wholly on colonisation, on open market, the dictatorial political regimes etc. On this, the example of asiatic countries that were faced with similar problems have today economic performances well pronounced. If Africa is in crises, its is because his social system is still indexed on solidarity (family extension) which is by far the opposite of economic rationality followed by the western world, the system he imitates and critizes at the same time, economic and social problems are dual in nature and to get out of its present situation, the black continent must find a juste equilibrum between these two values
Mantes, Jean-Claude. "Urbanisation et développement économique." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10059.
Full textPandjo, Boumba Luc. "Analyse économique de l'élite dans le développement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020135.
Full textThis thesis aims at integrating in an explicit way, the power and its incarnation, the elites in the dynamic of development. This dynamic is understood as the articulation of power, accumulation and control of work. According to this point of view, underdevelopment is perceived in terms of hegemonical incompetence. Thus, the starting point is a question is a question on how the elite, generic category, is taken account in the theories of development. The discourse aims to systematize the differenciation of the elite, as the "perequisit" of development. The "functionalist" angle of talcott parsons recontrusts the evolution of social systems as a movement implying a differenciation of the social sub-systems. Therefore, development, modernity, occur, in the same time they favoured by the emancipation, the automization of economical sub-system, in complete accordance with karl polanyi. At this point, the analysis will consist in observing, to which extend and how is the specific economical elite, established in sub-saharian africa. This will lead us to caracterize the utilitarian function of the man of power, the homo eliticus in the transitional spheres. This function can be outlined by its lexicographical nature, the unlimited growth of utilities, the sub-optimal increase of those regarding production are as many features faring with the demand of development
Touatam, Guendergue Antipas. "Monnaie et développement économique : le cas de la zone C.F.A." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21014.
Full textTano, Félix. "Autonomie collective et intégration économique en Afrique Noire." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL018.
Full textCollective self reliance and economic integration in Black Africa. A dynamic element of the new international economic order, collective self-reliance advocates economic cooperation between developing countries, so as to make sovereignty effective. Among black african countries, it may take the shape of an independent integration. Integration is achived through a multiplicity of institutions which, by distributing skills, maintain the sovereignty of the various states. The drawbacks arising from such a pluralistic organization lead gradually to establish a more integrated legal order ; the first signs consist in developing an institutional unification on regional scale and in adopting a continental plan setting the reference standards for all the other actors. Will this movement develop towards a greater supranationality? The strategy adopted searches for a balanced integration, through machinery which makes good the losses of receipts involved by commercial traffic liberalization, and at a fair distribution of industrialization plans as well. It should lead to a greater self-reliance in which the most important part is played by the machinery ensuring an "internal dynamics" protection, as well as an increase of the national participation in the capital of the companies involved in the process
Hiba, Mohamed Ibrahim. "Guerres et développement économique dans les pays du Centre Est africain." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21031.
Full textMbengue, Abdoulaye. "Intégration économique et développement industriel dans les pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10018.
Full textIn west african countries external demand constitute an important factor for economic growth. That holds their place in international economic relations, that is, those for supplier of raw materials, of non processed goods. That is why the level of economic activity of industrialized countries has has a positive effect in the development of west african economies. But, in the end of the 70's, this effect will tend to diminish its speed. There are many explicit factors, that is, changes in the production methods, in the ways of consumption and certainly the reorientation of french economy in view to participate in the european economic community. Consequently, it was important to adopt an alternative strategy for the development of west african countries. It is in this way that the solution of economic integration is proposed. In fact, it could resolve the problems of limited market by exploitation of economies of scale, permit to establish an industrial policy in the sub-regional scale. To realise that, effectively steps need to be taken in political, economic, cultural and social fields. A dream which will realise with time
Dupraz, Yannick. "Le développement économique en Afrique dans le temps long de I'histoire." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0084.
Full textContending that the current economic situation of African countries south of the Sahara can partly be explained by their colonial past, this thesis studies Africa's economic development in the long run of history, notably through the comparison between French and British colonialism. The first chapter studies dynamically the functioning of colonial states in West Africa, using a new database on colonial public finances in 4 British and 9 French colonies. The second chapter analyses French and British colonial legacies in education, using the division of German Cameroon between the French and the British after World War I as a natural experiment to identify the effect of colonizer identity and its evolution throughout the 20th century. The third chapter ask what explains the decline of polygamy in West Africa in the 20th century, using the boom in public education expenditure in Cameroon in the 1950s to identify the effect of women's education on marriage market outcomes
Amewoa, Agbessi Komla. "L'aide au développement aide-t-elle au développement ? : Le cas de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne." Limoges, 2008. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/76d4f780-d2c7-48e9-92e8-9aa9cd2db001/blobholder:0/2008LIMO1001.pdf.
Full textDevelopment aid is aimed at promoting economic growth in developing countries for poverty eradication. Sub-Saharan Africa is the main aid recipient in the world. It is also the region where poverty increases the fastest. To clarify this paradox, we undertook an empirical analysis of aid effectiveness in the region. The results of this study suggest that aid is ineffective in promoting economic growth in the region. How can aid failure in Africa be explained? The common explanation of aid ineffectiveness lies in poverty traps and insufficient aid. We have demonstrated in this thesis that we must go beyond this traditional explanation of aid failure, by considering especially the incentive effects aid can generate. We have developed an analytical framework to study aid incentive effects on the recipient’s behavior. Through this framework, we have demonstrated that aid can incite the recipient to increase his consumption and to reduce the domestic vestment. Moreover, foreign aid incentive effects might worsen the governance quality in the recipient’s country. Our empirical analysis of aid adverse effects on consumption, investment and governance in Sub-Saharan Africa support our theoretical suggestions. Foreign aid encourages poor investments, an increase of consumption in favor of small “ruling groups” and generally, poor governance. This situation is tied to the donors’ aid policies, which lead to adverse selection and moral hazard problems. These issues are fundamental in the explanation of aid failure in Sub-Saharan Africa. The thesis’ conclusion calls for a more multilateral aid which should have conditions, to generate “good incentives” in the recipient’s country
Diarra, Adama Moussa. "Transports et développement économique dans trois Etats continentaux de l'Afrique Occidentale : le Mali, la Haute-Volta et le Niger." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30008.
Full textIn deprived countries such as mali, upper-volta (burkina-faso) and niger which are for historical and geographical reasons bearing poverty, it has become a necessity, more an obsession to open up. Il l is all the more essential when we know that, these countries heavily rely on transports for their access to the international market, their food supplies and the good running of their economies. Through this their importance and their impact can be measured. The quick settlement of a transportation policy should be integrated in a global policy of development which should modify the socio-economc structures of which the growth was wrong, blocked or extroverted. If not, not only development runs the risk to be hindered, but also other territories areas , and even the whole country will be made enclaves. Interactions of transportation are more and more numeros and more and more various to intervene here and there. This is why, we have foud it quite interesting to show how from as turning point in the past : the inland areas of west africa have become "abandoned areas"for communications and how the transportation system has become obsolete to create or to be transformed in another system which doesn't cope with the level of development. Planning should settle a new economic geography as well as the good organization and functionning of the transports should aim towards a balanced development of the economy in favour of a subregional integration
Naoussi, Defonkou Claude Francis. "Croissance et cycles des pays en développement." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9d0be975-e676-49de-bd02-fbf2eeecbce8.
Full textThe economies of developing countries are characterized by a great poverty and a strong macroeconomic instability, costly in terms of welfare and susceptible to participate in the weak growth of these economies. The objective of this thesis, which is consisting of four chapters, is to examine this macroeconomic instability by the means of the modeling in dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium. In the first chapter, we present a review of the literature on dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium models applied on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The second chapter presents a comparative analysis of the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations depending on the level of economic development. The estimation of a small open economy model for a set of developed, emerging and developing economies shows that the weight of trend shocks is higher in sub-Saharan Africa countries and is significantly correlated with the level of income, the quality of institutions and the size of the credit sector. The third chapter is devoted to the role of oil revenues in the business cycle of Cameroon. Calibration of a bisectorial model, where oil revenues act as an exogenous transfer of tradable goods, shows that these revenues play an important role in the business cycle and are the cause of the phenomenon of "dutch disease". The fourth chapter by the means of econometrics of panel data, studies the dynamic relationships between governance and growth. In contrast with the results obtained in cross section, estimations in panel data show a weak effect of governance on growth over the last fifteen years
Ndaba, Mosanzale. "Aide alimentaire de l'Union Européenne aux pays en voie de développement." Paris 8, 1998. http://octaviana.fr/document/174464932#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textCamara, Makha. "Repenser la sécurité, un impératif de développement pour l'Afrique." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30009.
Full textThe break-up of the notion of security, which started at the end of World War II, has become even more marked since the end of the cold war. The State is no longer the only centre of security stakes, as new doctrines on security appears (on human and global security in this case). In Africa, the end of the cold war has opened a new era in which several factors have inevitably implied rethinking the notion of security, and rethinking the security policies implemented. At the end of the cold war, subsaharan Africa lost its strategic importance for the Western world, which until then had been engaged in a global fight against communism. France, which was a major reference in this area, started to withdraw in the early nineties, and has reinforced this attitude since 1994. It is much less implied in security and cooperation policies. The void left by the French has increased the African powers' need for security, wich tends to be met by private security operators, as much in the civil as in the military area. Moreover, the rise in conflicts within the States, and their tendency to take on a regional dimension, has reduced the control of the State over security matters. Far from being mainly related to security matters, the causes of these atrocious conflicts can be found in the failure of policies and the failure of the idea of development that existed until the early 2000s. All these factors imply that security should be rethought. This entails new policies which mean Africans should take control of their own security (these new policies will thus be African, and based on African instruments) and which should be implemented on a regional level (and not only at the level of the State). In the same way, foreign assistance concerning security should be multilateral (and less and less bilateral, at least in terms of conflict management). But whereas in Western countries, the State is less and less at the centre of security, in Africa nothing can be considered without strengthening the institutions of the State, which alone can guarantee the best conditions of security and thus of development. A new and wider idea of security implies a notion of development which should better take into account the situation of the majority of the population, which is excluded, marginalised or in extreme poverty
Gaba, Laurent. "L'État de droit, la démocratie et le développement économique en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ43483.pdf.
Full textNdongo, Hervé Pascal. "Microfinance et développement des pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40020.
Full textSince many decades, micro-finance institutions respond to permanent needs of populations left out of formal banking systems. They became indispensable partners of social and economic development by adapting themselves to permanent population needs. The proof is the consecration by the United Nations General Assembly of the year 2005 "International Year of Micro credit" to honor the contribution of micro credit in alleviating poverty and that of Peace Price Nobel 2006, Professor MUHAMMAD Yunus, the Grameen Bank founder. The object of the present research is exactly to assess the impact of micro-credit in financing developing countries growth, particulary those of CAMEC area, by using techniques of statistical treatment data's, especially principal components analysis. It enlighten micro-finance problem by : the typology of micro-finance institutions ; financial flows of public aid to development compared to those of micro-finance institutions ; the nature of risk face micro-finance institutions. In others words, the fundamental question of our work are : does the micro-finance constitute a factor of development in the CAMEC zone ? What is it veritable contribution in the fight against poverty in that zone ?
Chouaïbou, Mfenjou Modeste. "L' Afrique à l'épreuve du développement durable : la conciliation du progrès économique, de la protection de l'environnement et du développement humain." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD008.
Full textThe unforeseeable consequences of pollution (reheating of the glaciers, flood, crumbling of the layer of ozone, rise in the level of the oceans) due to the growth of the discharge of gases, of the deforestationsupported the emergence of the concept of the sustainable development. Behind this setting in danger of planet, economic progress must not only seek the satisfaction of the needs present, but integrate the concerns of the future generations. The safeguard of this solidarity over generations requires a common action ; if not the efforts of the ones (protectors) will be cancelled by the laxity of the others (pollutants). Already weakened by poverty, the conflicts, the famine, the desertification, Africa is not requested than the other areas of the world. Accounting for 2% of the world trade, Africa under structural adjustment adopted liberalism and its States complete the process of privatisation of the public companies. But, that it is of the space representation, land management, agriculture, justice, education or the governance, the African Culture reconciles with difficulty its traditions with modernity. If creation, the promotion and natural and human stock management are hardly satisfactory in Africa, it is because the process of the development is put at evil by exogenous and endogenous obstacles. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the populations, only pledge of their survival, awaits an international support for the measurement of the challenge of the African rebirth in development. But, the Occident does not seize enough that in a world without border, solidarity is the well shared interest for, if Africa continues to endure such lamentable deprivations, it will hardly be in safety in its opulence
Rapoport, Hillel. "Développement et pouvoir en Afrique noire : éléments pour une analyse économique du clientélisme." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020069.
Full textSoh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Ema-Otu, Ilda Nancy. "A la recherche des fondements macro-économiques de l'efficacité micro-économique : analyse comparée d'économies en développement, Afrique, Amérique Latine, Asie émergente." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/ndzengue-ema-otu_in_notice.
Full textHow can the financing of developing economies be re-evaluated? Is it real financial development or monetary integration that will challenge the developing world in the XXIst century ? Before achieving triumphant reality at the end of the XXth century, the market and currency – the fruit of auto-organization – are two secular institutions. They were invented by the business community to settle the debt extinction-creation process, in order to establish the utopia of tomorrow – economic development. Although their success pacified relations between communities and trading nations, it did not, however, guarantee fairness, peace and solidarity between economies. In fact, globalization continues to oppress the less virtuous. Paradoxically, Africa is the only continent that has not truly benefited from the advantages of globalization; the only on who is still firmly captive of its suicidal characteristics, and the only one who is behind in the process of financial integration. All the real or alleged ills that thwart risky business ventures are thus attributed to financial systems; for instance, a lack of capital to finance the creation of a business, insufficient funds, entrepreneurs stifling due to heavy overheads, and financial burdens on external and internal development operations. Consumers and entrepreneurs affected by financial repression will long continue to dispute the institutional financial system. This adds to the breeding ground of complementary financial systems, such as micro-finance. While banks do indeed neglect small business, they have not, however, managed to determine the uncertainty of risky business ventures. They do not have sufficient guarantees or an adequate legal and judicial system. As regards underdeveloped financial systems, monetary authorities should consider their own responsibilities in the persistence of this phenomenon. Indeed, it is the politicians that hamper the acceleration of financial reform, for they have not created a favorable environment to encourage investment. They are the ones responsible for the deficient financial integration in African economies. However, authorities have demonstrated their determination to steer African economies toward successful financial liberalization. How many years of efforts and how much sacrifice this will take remains to be seen. Twenty years following the introduction of the initial structural adjustment programs, poor effects may prompt states to take a break. They could conclude that their efforts are in vain and are only good for reimbursing the debt. What is the point then? Such economies are not very competitive. They attract an insignificant share of direct foreign investment. Investors fear their marginalization and reproach them for ineffective reforms. The question here is not excessive or insufficient reform, but effective reform. It involves seeking the true macro-economic foundations to micro-economic effectiveness in a highly socialised area marked by permanence and restrictions. It will also involve creating the necessary financial development condition and the emergence of a financial macro-economy; initiating structural reform in the framework of endogenous growth; making these economies competitive, thus improving the quality of life and working conditions for thousands of individuals through monetary and financial integration; and considering the obvious need for constructing Africa
Ouedraogo, Amidou. "Fiscalité et développement économique : leçons de l'expérience des pays de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA122004.
Full textDiagne, Souleymane Astou. "Institutions et développement économique : Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est et Afrique Subsaharienne." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131029.
Full textThe importance of institutions in the economic development path was stressed since more than century by Schmoller, Veblen and Commons. Since the beginning of the eighties, there was like a coming out of intuitionalists’ optics to offset the shortcomings of the neoclassical one to explain the development policies failures, which were inspired by the neoclassical ideology. It’s in this context that appears the new institutional economics analysis, looking for including in the economic policies suggestions, a set of new indicators which didn’t belong to economics, like the political institutions (elections, democracy, constitution…). This thesis starts from a statement: the countries of Africa and those of Asian Eastern and Asian Southern-East started almost from the same level of economic development in the sixties. The thesis has, afterward, three objectives: understanding the analyses and the concepts of the institutional economics, searching, thank of a comparative study, the reasons which make the Asian countries much more developed than the African ones, and finally, checking the links between institutions and economic development with econometric and statistical methods. We have assumed that the institutional factors were behind the Asian countries economic success and then behind the economic development. Three main questions underlie the chapters of this work. Understanding how the institutional analysis was born, the definition of the concept “institution” and its derivatives concepts, the way with which the institutional switch acts and understanding the theoretical reach of the institutional economics toolbox. Answers to these questions assume an early knowledge of the mains institutional economics optics, of Veblen, Schmoller, Commons, North, Willamson, Greif and Rodrik
Koté, Lassina. "Naissance et développement des économies de production en Afrique Centrale : formulation d'un modèle archéologique en terre incognita." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100102.
Full textIt was in 1966 when Bayle des Hermes discovered the batalimo neolithic site in the Central African Republic. Since then, few datas have broaded our knowledge about that important evidence of the ubanguian neolithic. We began this investigation with the aim of contributing to filling this deficiency and, furthermore, of analysing the best ways to optimize the information from these datas which are considered as the demonstrations of social and cultural dynamics. In that perspective, we postulate that the setting up and preservation of any cultural system need a territory, technical means and social structures. So, a quite difficult survey in a rainfall forest environment round batalimo has allowed us to find out some 15 sites on the lobaye banks, and near the lesse shore, as well as to discuss about the spatial organisation and occupation of this area. When we excavated some sites (Batalimo, Eyo, Bobele II)
Mvogo, Jean-Paul. "Les politiques de développement financier en Afrique subsaharienne : définition- enjeux- réalités et propositions." Paris 9, 2012. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/9120.
Full textIn 50 years, Africa has seen little progress in development. Our work analyzes a factor able to explain this singular path: the structure of financial systems. After deepening the concept of financial development and providing a better understanding of the relationship between the real and financial spheres, it proposes an indicator of financial development which emphasizes the weak structure of African financial systems and their limited contribution to development. This work also highlights the existence of equilibriums of underdevelopment related to the financial factor over the long run. Given the strength of the factors explaining these equilibriums, the implementation of public policies, financial development policies, must be at the heart of development strategies to come. Their implementation in Africa is all the more legitimate that they have proven their effectiveness in other areas. This thesis defines these policies and their governance
Nouhouayi, Albert. "Vers une nouvelle philosophie du développement en Afrique noire." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010619.
Full textMorcillo, Sarah. "Corruption et développement : une analyse microéconomique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED059.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study the effects of corruption on different development issues by focusing on three regions where the incidence of this phenomenon is particularly important: West Africa, Peru and Vietnam. This study differentiates the perception of corruption from its experience as well as the nature of corruption according to its purpose and reveals diverging effects. Having paid bribes promotes willingness to register among heads of informal West African production units and not to remain informal by avoiding official controls. In Vietnam, pro active (voluntary) payments provide small and medium manufactured firms an advantage over their competitors, but we can not say that corruption improves firms’ performance. Finally perception and experience of corruption have different effects on institutional trust among Peruvian households. The perception of corruption significantly reduces citizens’ confidence in the institutions of their country, which confirms the historical legacy of corruption scandals in the higher spheres of the State
N’Gapele, Coulibaly Martin. "Mesure des effets de la formation sur l'évolution économique et sociale de l’Afrique centrale." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090001.
Full textThe effect of the quantitative analysis of information on economic and social evolution of Central Africa gives us the technological strategic of economical development of these countries which are mixed up in under developing countries. The most frail of time is making up lost time and wrest from economic structure from the waning. The exist economical structure destroyed by the aberration of management of the unskilled persons into are deficient of knowledge. Now it is necessary to educate the people with proper knowledge which will be useful for the country and this can take off these countries in a bright way within a very short time
Rouanet, Léa. "Trois essais sur les progrès de la santé et le développement économique en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01256681.
Full textThe first chapter compares the colonial stratégies for health policies' provision and other colonial policies in former French West Africa. It gathers a unique dataset containing colonial inputs in health, éducation, public works and conscription. There was a very gênerai strategy as regards to the provision of colonial services, which had to do with investments' complementarity, returns to scale, the diseases' contagion risk and the demand for colonial services. The second chapter of this thesis looks at the relationship between adult height and under-five mortality in the context of the "double African Paradox" in West Africa. Africans are relatively tall in spite of extremely unfavorable disease environments. Moreover, their height stature decreased since the 1960's despite improving health conditions. A new model of height differential between survivors and deceased suggests that sélective mortality explains part of this paradox. Results imply that mortality sélection could be large enough to mask significant height increases. The third chapter develops a new indicator of gender préférences based on birth spacing, and applies it to Africa. Son preference is strong and increasing in North Africa, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa displays a preference for variety or no preference at all. Traditional family systems accurately predict the nature of gender preferences, while religion does not. Last, the magnitude of preferences is stronger for wealthier and more educated women
Jedwab, Rémi. "Contributions à l'analyse économique du développement et de ses dimensions spatiales." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0082.
Full textDevelopment is associated with structural change, the transition from an agricultural subsistence economy to a modem industrial and service economy. Such transformation usually results from a green revolution or an industrial revolution. As modem production is urban-based, structural change also drives urbanization, which affects economic development because of agglomeration economies. How did this model apply in Sub-Saharan Africa? First, the continent has remained poor. Second, its economy has not experienced any major structural change, as agriculture still employs 60% of its labour force. Third, Africa is as urbanized as Asia. Understanding the development process of Africa implies to study how these three stylized facts combine: modest economic growth, non-¬industrialization and rapid urbanization. A fourth stylized fact is that African countries are still dependent upon natural resource exports. These exports have generated a massive surplus for producing countries which have then experienced strong economic growth for several decades. This surplus has also contributed to the growth of African cities. Yet economic growth did not permit them to structurally transform their-economy. The objective of this dissertation is not to rewrite the economic history of Africa. It tries to document these stylized facts by focusing on specific issues, whether urbanization, resource curse or the role of transportation infrastructure in development
Dupréelle, Karine. "La régionalisation en Afrique orientale : entre impératif de développement et dynamiques politiques." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-5-6.pdf.
Full textNgaruko, Floribert. "Essai d'analyse institutionnaliste du financement de la croissance économique en Afrique sub-saharienne." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0063.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to analyse the problems of production financing and economic growth in Sub-saharan African countries. Using a conventionalist approach of behaviour of individuals who make a part of their decisions in uncertain situations, we deduct the impact on the function and the structure of institutions such as the wide familiar community and the State. The thesis consists of three main contributions. The first contribution is methodological: the procedure articulates micro and macro analytical levels, and so avoids the dichotomy which is the characteristic of usual economic approaches. Hence, the procedure is transversal compared to the traditional methodological boundary which distinguishes neoclassical and keynesian approaches. The second main contribution of the thesis is theoretical, since introduction of radical uncertainty leads to analyse informal institutions such as the wide familiar communities, and formal ones such as states and international financial institutions, from an informal point of view which includes the possibility for those institutions to pursue informal purposes that considerably differ from the formal ones. The third main contribution of the thesis is empirical, since the econometric findings which result from that methodological and theoretical procedure differ from the ideas generally admitted by economic literature. On the whole, the thesis consists of a contribution to the renewal of development analysis, and focuses on institutional factors which harm economic growth in Africa. The empirical findings confirm in return that growth is endogenous in Sub-saharan countries, since it heavily depends on the actors' behaviour, either individuals or institutional
Caradec, Toussaint. "La contribution des micro-entreprises du secteur informel au développement économique et social de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010037.
Full textGobitaka, Traore Karim. "Les organisations internationales et l'aide au développement de l'Afrique subsaharienne : aspects juridiques et économiques." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10028.
Full textThe sub-Saharan African countries have been receiving for more than three decades massive international aid: - from the united nations system, through u. N. D. P. And Bretton Woods institutions - from the e. E. C. , through e. D. F. And e. B. I. But paradoxically, their economic and financial situation goes on deteriorating what's the origin of that concept of aid ? What are its content, its foundation its evolution in juridical and economic thinking? The bilateral aid is opposed in favour of the "disinterested" multilateral aid. But, is there any fundamental difference between both forms of aid as regards their aims? International aid tends to perpetuate, and this without having a positive impact on the development of the beneficiary countries. Will the sub-Saharan African countries still rely on aid to cope with their development? Or should they promote, on the contrary, their development from inside by changing the political, economic, social structures that they have inherited from a bygone past, toward self-promotion? That's the fondamental question for the future
Chaffa, Alphonse. "Transport et developpement en Afrique de l'Ouest : origines, évolution et situation actuelle." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D008.
Full textAndrianarison, Francis. "Trois essais sur les institutions et le développement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28818/28818.pdf.
Full textDiakite, Bouakary Sidiki. "Economie et structuration de la microfinance : une alternative pour le développement des états membres de l'UEMOA (Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine)." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D004.
Full textWe stress in this thesis the role of the microfinance in the development of the Member States of the UEMOA (African Western Union Economic and Monetary) from the point of view of the fight against poverty. This is why we are interested more particularly in the examination of the existing bond between the structuring (installation of the regulation, fitting and organization of the structures) of the sector of the microfinance and the soutenabitity of the process of the development. From this point of view, we treat initially theoretical bases of the microfinance, conditions of its viability and its regulation before evoking the prospects for the best adaptation to the needs for the poor as well as his contribution to a dynamics of regional integration opened to the promotion cf the wellbeing of its population
Ouedraogo, Idrissa Mohamed B. I. "Intermédiation financière et problématique du développement économique : essai d'application aux états membres de l'union monétaire ouest africaine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D027.
Full textToïnar, Mogota Anatole. "Les industries des réseaux et le développement économique : le cas des télécommunications dans les pays africains francophones." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE0504.
Full textMeyong, Abath Roger. "L'harmonisation fiscale en zone CEMAC." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090025.
Full textPrao, Yao Séraphin. "La dimension monétaire du développement : une application à deux pays de l'UEMOA : la Côte d'Ivoire et le Sénégal." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21011.
Full textThis thesis examines the monetary dimension in the development process in Africa. Considering the case of two countries belonging to the Western African Economic and Monetary Union (known as UEMOA in French), Ivory Coast and Senegal, it shows that African countries have based their development strategies on policies that did not take into account the real importance of money and therefore of the banks in the development process. Taking as starting point of the study the theory of financial liberalization was essential for us to situate the context of the monetary policies of African countries. The first part of our research will focus on understanding the theory of McKinnon (1973). Once the internal coherence of his theory is studied, it appears that at the theoretical level, the monetary aspect is not valued because McKinnon's implicit monetary theory is the quantitative theory that considers money as a simple veil in transactions. The second part of our thesis will put an emphasis on the study of monetary financing of investment in a Keynesian and post-keynesian way of thinking. In defining monetary dimension as the ability of banks to create money while relying on a repayment promise, to finance an economic activity or just a project, our research shows that this aspect has been neglected in Africa. An inspired post-keynesian model is proposed to reflect the money aspect in financing development in Africa. We do hope that this thesis will contribute to an open debate on the role of money in the development process in Africa
Touré, Marèma. "Femme, genre et initiatives de développement en Afrique sub-saharienne : théories et pratiques." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010580.
Full textHow to construct theories and practices who take into account gender disparities in the global process of development, particularly in Sub-Saharian African societies ? This is the principal question raised by the thesis. Since the origins, the development discours and actions has been fundamentaly build in a gender blind perspective. The multiples pressions of the feminists activists and the action of some institutions including the united nation organisation have improve it. Many theories have been developed to adress the issue of women and development. The object of the thesis is to analyse the differents approches from "welfare" to "women integration in development" (WID) until "gender and development" (WAD). The first part of document includes the research problematic. It also defined the principal concepts and the methodology. The second part describes the global situation of african women. It reminds the principal steps of the internation women movement and analyse the context of the participation of african women into the development initiatives. Also, the experience have shown that there is a big gap between discours and practice. It is why the last part includes two case studies related to women's projects who have been implanted in senegal. The conclusion resumes the mains lessons and try to formulate some recommandations
Durand, Stéphanie. "La Chine, nouvel acteur du développement en Afrique ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D018.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Eka, Fred. "La contribution de la Chine au développement économique des pays d' Afrique Sub Saharienne." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2035/document.
Full textOver the past 15 years, the Sino-African relationship has profoundly changed the African continent, which many Western governments have abandoned. Central Africa has many commodities including oil, copper, cobalt and iron ore. Many, including some African, suspect what they consider to be a neo-colonial landholding, in which the Chinese state illustrated through its 2,200 companies, extract minerals in return for infrastructure.Nevertheless, there is a consensus that the Chinese presence has mainly benefited Africa. A few figures illustrate the change. In 2000, trade between China and Africa was only $ 10 billion. By 2014, this has increased more than 20 times to $ 220 billion, according to the China Africa Research Initiative at the School of International Studies. An interest that is reflected by the presence of Chinese actors, public and private, more and more numerous, precisely in the direct investments (stocks of 10 to 45 billion dollars), according to the sources.Yet there is anxiety about the rise of Chinese influence. Several political leaders are concerned that Africa has recently shifted to the trade deficit with China. African governments are so indebted to China that they could cause economic dependence on the future of their countries.My research explores the impact of China on the economic development of SSA countries. The aim is to show how the countries of Central Africa, notably CEMAC, which lag behind other regions of SSA must use the complex changes in the Chinese economy to boost their economic growth and boost their development and attract foreign investors, job creators and a major player in the dynamization and industrialization of territories. We analyzed and compared the choice of the mode of location of Chinese and French greenfield IDEs in Central Africa. Our results show the decisive role of the main trading potential driving the strategies of internationalization of Chinese firms in Central Africa
Obambi-Itoua, Alphonse. "Système congolais de transport et intégration économique en Afrique Centrale." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9331.
Full textNono, Guy Marcel. "L'effectivité des normes du développement durable dans le processus d'intégration en Afrique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34966.
Full textA priori, the African Union and its program for development known as NEPAD can be regarded as a prayer wheel. This, due to the impressive number of international documents adopted at the African regional level and the narrow margin of maneuver of the African Union to find lasting solutions to economic and social crises in the continent, with environmental impacts. With certain indications of realism, we cannot think otherwise. When we know that since the advent of the African Union, sustainable development has become in the texts, the guiding principle of the process of African integration. This study analyzes the efforts of the African Union for a sustainable development in Africa as well as Africa's contribution to the evolution of international law. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the norms of sustainable development in the African regional level. We proceeded in two stages. This study also analyzes how the international standards relating to sustainable development was received in the African legal order and their implementation. Beyond the prioritization of the economic and social pillars of sustainable development, we highlighted the way in which the African Union reconciles the three values of sustainable development. This study contributes to shedding some light on the African Union’s legal approach with respect to sustainable development, and to show how this concept is materializes in a particular way in Africa. It firstly analyzes the obligations which the African Union lays on itself to translate to reality, the economic and social pillars of the sustainable development, and secondly, the obligations the African Union addresses to its Member States to implement these pillars. This study is also a contribution to the understanding of the evolution of the concept of development, right to development, sustainable development, and establishes the link between law and development. This study also helps to highlight the evolution of international law, including the questioning of the notion of subjective right and the consecration of the existence of rights with no owner in Public International Law, through the concept of sustainable development.
Mvelle, Minfenda Guy. "Aide au développement et coopération décentralisée : esquisse d'une désétatisation de l'aide française : les cas du Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, RCA, Tchad et Rwanda." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_mvelle_g.pdf.
Full textDemba, René-Charles. "L'harmonisation des plans de développement des pays de l'Union douanière et économique en Afrique centrale." Rouen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ROUELDEM.
Full textTaty, Alain. "La contribution de la Banque européenne d' investissement au développement économique et industriel de l' Afrique centrale noire francophone." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10020.
Full textThe European Bank finances projects and programmes in Central African States. The purpose of our research-study is to explore the legal regime of technics set up by EIB and politics used in Central Africa