Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement économique – Aspect environnemental Guatemala'
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Valenzuela, de Pisano Ileana. "Elements pour une strategie d'ecodeveloppement agroforestier au guatemala." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0013.
Full textAgricultural expansion and deforestation are complex processes. They are interlinked with different political, economic and social factors at local, national and interna- tional levels. This thesis is a preliminary and not exhastive attempt to analyse these problems in a global and systemic perspective. It studies one local case in peten guatemala, demostrating how agricultural modernization, tropical forest colonization and exportation led-growth have not been historically, the right answers to guatemalan forest development. On the contrary, they have given rise to poverty, violence and environmental degradation all over the country. Following the ecodevelopment principles the thesis proposes some elements of an agroforestry strategy to stop agricultural expansin and tropical forest deforestation. This strategy cant bi an up-down directional model. It has to articulate the global paradigme with democratic decision making at regional and local levels. It has also to coordinate social development with environmental items, promoting the political, institutional and technological changes needed for a sustainable forest development to exist. Finally, the thesis comes to the conclusion that only the peoples's participation and organization would allow a pressure strong enough over the different institutions and governements so as to make them to start implementing these changes. The thesis has four chapters, the firs studies the mains agricultural policies since the 1950s and their influence on the forest and on the living conditions of the rural people. It shows also, briefly, how the united state's agricultural policies had in, fluenced the guatemalan agricultural policies. The second chapter analyzes the agroforestry systems as a possible tool for building a sustainable forest development. The third sudies peten, inorder to undersatnd how the national agricultural policies have influenced the local development. Finally in the conclusions, the thesis proposes some elements for an agroforestry ecodevelopment strategy in guatemala
Nguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Full textChevé, Morgane. "L'adéquation des choix économiques aux contraintes écologiques : optimalité et durabilité de la croissance d'une économie polluante." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010004.
Full textVerchère, Alban. "Essais sur le lien entre développement durable et équité intergénérationnelle : une approche par la modélisation." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1EC08.
Full textThe matter of durability of the economic and human development with limited resources and fragile environment appears at least as old as Economic Science. It took since the Eighties and the dissipation of the less founded fears related to the exhaustion of resources, an environmental dimension through the concept of sustainable development. It says that development "must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" Brundtland Commission (1987). From a theoretical point of view, it appears that this definition returns in fact to two closely related but quite distinct concepts: sustainability on the one hand, and equity between generations of the other. However, these two concepts are often confounded in the literature, as well as one frequently associates their opposites, unsustainability and inequity. The reason lies in the fact that one appreciates the paths of development to the ell of their long term results, but without really wondering about the behavior of the generations which give them life : are the generation really iniquitous? The work exposed in this thesis, through four modeling essays, precisely aims at showing that there are unsustainable paths of development that cannot be described as inequitable, As well as it happens one reaches sustainable paths, without the possibility to qualify them as equitable. These conclusions finally lead to reinvest the question of the ethical base of the interventions in favor of the future in the event of unsustainable but equitable paths of development. Namely, if these paths lead to unsustainability but without it being possible to say if they violate intergenerational equity as that can appear when one introduces intergenerational altruism for example , which principle can provide an alternative to equity between generations to legitimate the actions in favor of the future?
Prieur, Fabien. "Croissance et environnement dans le modèle à générations imbriquées : analyse dynamique et évaluations des politiques publiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24005.
Full textIn this study, we deal with topical environmental issues by having recourse to the overlapping generations model of growth. First, our purpose is to recognize that the recovery process of nature is finite and vanishes beyond a critical threshold of damage. Considering the potential irreversibility of pollution implies that the development process can drive the polluting economy to a poverty trap. Moreover, the theoretical explanations of the environmental Kuznets curve are seriously challenged since the private agent’s investment in abatement fails to promote sustainable growth. Then, we show that regulating pollution with permits is an effective policy, provided that some precise rules concerning the choice of the global quota on emissions are respected, from the view point of its ability to protect the economy against the convergence toward a poverty trap. Once we have set conditions excluding traps, we also prove that environmental policy does not necessarily mean a slackening in growth. Its reinforcement can even produce a double dividend. Finally, we address the issue of the definition of the emission quota. We assume that the economy’s commitment in pollution control goes through the setting exogenous quota. When the permits system is too latitudinarian, it is possible to exceed the rigidity imposed by the quota and to achieve the social optimum by implementing a policy consisting in the segmentation of the permits market
Le, Bot Jean-Michel. "Du développement durable au bien public : responsabilité et légitimité en question : à partir des cas de la Bretagne et de la Russie." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20003.
Full textRecognising the relevance of the concept of sustainable development as a political reference, the author can hardly conceive it as a scientific concept. He prefers the concept of public good, of which as precise a definition as possible is given. He starts by examining two cases : Russia and Brittany. In Russia, can the ecologist movement, together with the desire for change which became apparent from the mid-80s, contribute in overcoming the ecological and sanitary consequences of the soviet industrial development, combining productivism and totalitarianism ? In Brittany, a productivist agricultural system is now being criticised because of its pollutant effects, whereas there are recognised alternative methods : organic farming, sustainable development plans, etc. Their supporters show that it is possible to produce otherwise, combining economic viability, ecological security and social acceptability. But does this clarify the real issues of these alternatives ? Analysing the practices demands the intervention of a theoretical model allowing for an identification of rationalities which formalise these practices. This model, which allows the question of environment and economic rationality to be dealt in a new way, is studied in the second part. A third part specifies how the study of Russian and Breton cases can enlighten fundamental problems. Don't the Russian post-soviet ecological crisis and the crisis of the Breton agricultural system, illustrate the limits of reference to economic rationality ? Doesn't contemporary reference to sustainable development constitute a reminder of a political principle of responsibility, as well as of an ethical principle of legitimacy ? How does the theoretical model used allow for a precise definition to be given of the concept of public good ? Finally, a certain similarity is shown between the crises concerning the professions of social workers and farming advisers. A redefinition of the profession of adviser is proposed
Nourry, Myriam. "Essais empiriques sur la relation entre la croissance économique et l'environnement." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4021.
Full textThis research deals with the relationship between economic growth and the environment. The three empirical essays described in this work are based on the survey on the environmental Kuznets curve, presented in the first chapter. The second analyzes eight indicators of sustainable development and provides their numerical national assessments between 1990 and 2000. The comparison of trends from the varions measures shows French development was weakly sustainable, but unsustainable in the strong sense over the examined decade. The hypothesis of stochastic convergence for individual sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) missions is tested empirically in the third chapter, over respectively 81 nations between 1950 and 1990 and 127 countries between 1950 and 2003. In this context, a recent, alternative econometric methodology, developed by Pesaran (2007), is applied. Empirical results from unit root and stationarity tests suggest a limited environmental convergence process, even between OECD countries. Building on Hausmann et al. (2005) article, the last chapter identifies episodes of CO2 missions growth acceleration and episodes of degrowth over a dataset composed of 124 economies from 1950 to 2004. Econometric methods of binary variables on panel data are used to find economic, demographic and institutional determinants of such trends. Given the low explanatory power of the significant variables, the empirical study suggests the triggering of acceleration and degrowth episodes remains highly unpredictable
Poisson, Christophe. "Le management environnemental : analyse transversale, approche dichotomique, implications conceptuelles, prospectives opérationnelles." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0031.
Full textDue to the increasing pressures being placed on the environment, firms and industries are being encouraged by all the socio-economic actors (government, consumers, shareholders, ecological's associations and the general public,. . . ) to modify their market's approach. The both desirable and inevitable inclusion of environmental factors into business will obviously also have an impact on corporate management policies. Because these factors touch all the variables in management. Some of them are synonymous of constraints due to costs : new technologies in production processes, risk management, human resources management,. . . The others are sources of opportunities : a good strategic environmental management policy and appropriated policies of the marketing-mix (product, communication, price, and distribution) can also reduce these costs and enhance market expediencies. An effective response to the environmental challenge requires both a global, sustainable and long term strategic management approach from firms and industries
Le, Pochat Stéphane. "Intégration de l'éco-conception dans les PME : proposition d'une méthode d'appropriation de savoir-fraire pour la conception environnementale des produits." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0021.
Full textThe rising societal concerns about environmental issues result in particular in an increasing lawful pressure on the industrial world. The products from the consumer society are at the origin of the generalized phenomenon of degradation of the environment. For this reason, ecodesign represents for the companies the "natural" process to assume their role in the safeguarding of the resources and the environment. However, the european state of the art on ecodesign in the companies shows that the taking into account of the environmental constraints in the product design, although industrial reality, is still an emergent issue. Because of the volume of products they represent, and of the difficulties they have to integrate all new constraint that they do not consider strategic, SMEs must constitute a priority target for the integration of ecodesign. The problems of ecodesign integration in the companies find its origin, on the one hand in an environmental cultural gap, on the other hand in the fact that, the ecodesign tools having been developed apart from the industrial world, the organizational aspects of integration were not considered. We thus propose in this study an ecodesign integration method – the MAIECO method - allowing, through an organizational learning process, an organizational change management in the company, and aiming at the appropriation by this one of its own ecodesign approach. This method lies in particular on an original tool for environmental analysis of the products – the ATEP tool - allowing the participating members of the company to acquire the minimal basis of environmental knowledge during the analysis phase of the ecodesign process
Hervieux, Marie-Sophie. "Études empiriques de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets : une approche par l’empreinte écologique." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4030.
Full textIn this thesis we examine the relationship between economic development and environment through the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. We use the ecological footprint (EF) as environmental degradation indicator. In the first part, we present the analytical framework, a detailed review of published studies according to selected environmental indicators and a detailed review of published studies on CO2 in 2012 and 2013 to provide a picture of the current domain. In a second part, we propose 3 empirical studies. A first study is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between GDP and EE through a time series analysis for seven Latin American countries from 1961 to 2007. The hypothesis of EKC is not supported for any country, and a linear relationship is rather detected for most of them. A long-term relationship is also detected for Brazil and Uruguay. A second study examine the relationship from 1971 to 2007 on a larger sample. We propose both consumption side and production side approaches and we add several explicative variables to our ARDL model. The EKC is supported for no one. For additional explicative variables, the results are mixed but consistent with what was expected. Finally, a third study provides a comparison of the EKC relationship based on three environmental indicators: CO2, SO2 and EE. The sample covers 15 (developed and developing) countries over the period 1961 - 1990. At the end of the econometric analysis, there is no evidence of an EKC but we note that economic growth has a stronger impact on EE than on CO2, and on SO2
Erkman, Suren. "L'écologie industrielle : une stratégie pour l'éco-restructuration du système industriel." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0004.
Full textThe new domain of industrial ecology considers the industrial system as an analogue of a biological ecosystem. Industrial ecology offers a global and integrated perspective on environmental issues, much broader that waste treatment. The basic methodology of industrial ecology is called industrial metabolism. It consists in measuring and studying the totality of resource flows (materials and energys) used by the industrial societies. Industrial ecology is also an operational approach to sustainable development, which applies to industrialised and developing countries as well. It proposes a strategy for an in-depth eco-restructuration of the industrial system as a whole along four complementary axes : 1) close resources flows (quasi-cyclic economy) ; 2) minimise dissipative losses ; 3) dematerialise economic activities ; 4) decarbonise the energy system. The thesis offers a general theoretical synthesis of the emerging field of industrial ecology, as well as a number of case studies in different sectors of the economy
Asghari, Poudeh Maryam. "Analyse des effets de la libéralisation des échanges économiques internationaux sur l'environnement : le cas des relations entre les blocs régionaux de l'UE, des pays Mediterranées (sic) en développement et du golfe persique." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0008.
Full textThe linkage between international trade and the environment has become an important policy issue in the last few years. The objective of this thesis is the examination of liberalization trade effect on the environment, pollution haven hypothesis, Porter hypothesis and the factor endowments hypothesis. Our results show that: The commercial liberalization leads to the decrease in CO2 pollution in Persian Golf-EU region, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in Persian golf, Mediterranean and Persian Golf-EU regions. Also it decreases FC pollution in Persian Golf region, Mediterranean, Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions. Commercial liberalization increase the CO2 pollution in Persian Golf region and EU-Mediterranean regions, it leads also the increase in BOD pollution in EU and Persian Golf-EU regions, and FC pollution in EU region. Our results confirm the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for the CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions, and for FC pollution in in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region but our results reject the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region. We have not any robust empirical evidences to refuse or confirm this hypothesis for BOD and FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of EU-Mediterranean region. We empirically reject the « Porter hypothesis » for CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. This study confirms the « Porter hypothesis » for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. In addition, it confirms this hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. We couldn’t obtain significant results to confirm or reject Porter Hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region and for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. Our results show the confirmation of « factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Mediterranean region. Moreover we confirm this hypothesis for BOD pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions. The empirical results refuse «factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions, for BOD pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Persian Golf and EU regions
Diop, Papa Abdoulaye. "Risques émergents et résilience des écosystèmes soumis à des pressions anthropiques : modélisation intégrée économique et éco-épidémiologique." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED005.
Full textNumerous classic risks are apparently meant to take new forms whereas novel ones are appearing. In fact new threats that are directly related to the current scientific, technologic, economic and social evolutions have added to the classic ones. These “emergent” additional hazards could present a certain number of potential negative effects on ecosystems and to the resources living in such affected areas. It could notably be about a case of excess death rate of resources following either the outbreak of infectious diseases, or even resources’ sensitivity to these infections. Conversely it could be about the accumulation of pollution in the tissue of organisms which are likely to trigger sanitary and environmental threats and which diverge from those that have been considered so far. Because of ecosystems’ vulnerability towards these new environmental risks and thanks to their socioeconomic involvement, people have developed a growing awareness as for as these threats’ potentially catastrophic nature is concerned. While using economic analysis’ literature as well as biomathematics’ tools within the framework of this dissertation, the latter confronts the modeled theory and the empirical contextualization deriving from emerging risks. Our study focuses on the topic of the conservation of renewable resources which are exploited in the face of emerging dangers’ acuteness and whose unfamiliar effects have been forgotten by classic bio-economic modelling. It aims at partaking in the prevention of new environmental risks for biodiversity, thanks to the development of applied and theoretical tools deriving from economic and eco-epidemiologic integrated modelling. Subsequently by learning from biomechanics’ standard framework and with the support of compartmental modelling, this thesis shows the capacities of harvesting to improve the ecosystems’ resilience abilities, as well as the harvesting level at the steady state when an infectious disease affects an ecosystem. It thence leads to results which go against the conservative classic measures that have been recommended to ameliorate the ecosystems’ resilience and stability. Through tackling pivotal issues such as the pollutants’ bioaccumulation and its consequences, it also foregrounds some modifications in the dynamics of the standard models of pollution/resource when the pollutants’ bioaccumulation propriety is taken into account. So to deal with the phenomenon of emerging threats’ acuteness to biodiversity, this dissertation breaks new ground in the sustainable management’s mechanisms of the resources living in exploited ecosystems, while offering new approaches to the understanding of the dynamics that can intervene in ecosystems whose populations rely on the influence of emerging or re-emerging risks
Hamiche, M'Hamed. "Chemin de fer, aménagement de l'espace et développement économique au Maroc." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR1501.
Full textSilveira, Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo. "L'environnement dans la programmation du développement : vers une autre approche de calcul économique au nord-est brésilein." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131008.
Full textAfter a comparative analysis of the principal methods of economic evaluation, (shadow prices methods on one hand, effects method on the other) concerning their application and legacy in developing countries, especially in the north, east area of brazil, this thesis presents a new approach of public economics computing. The first part of this work presents the two main methods of economic evaluation : the shadow prices methods and the effects method. The second part examines the extend and the limits of shadow prices methods. We expose a critical analysis of various cases of concrete application of those methods, based on studies realized in brazil, particularly in the north-eastern region. The third part of our thesis is devoted to the expounding of an alternative approach of project analysis as well as to the development programming : the effects method. In the fourth part, we present the debate between shadow prices methods upholders and effects method upholders. We first proceed to the demonstration of comparative advantages of the effects method. Then, we will expose the reasons of primacy of shadow prices methods, enhancing the particular case of brazilian north-eastern development projects. The fifth part will be devoted to the need of taking the environment into account in economic assessment methods. We therefor proceed to an appraisal of criticism aiming at shadow prices methods, including their extension to environmental aspects. Then, we expose the institutional measures currently employed in brazil, in order to take the environment into account in development project analysis. Finally, the analysis of various contexts allows us to suggest a concrete methodology of public economics computing towards a long-lasting development. We consequently support the appeal to participative proceedings as well as to environmental consideration in development projects planning. In conclusion, we suggest the joint application of economic evaluation by the effects method and environmental impact studies
Soh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Camara, Mamoudou. "Croissance économique et impact environnemental : le découplage est-il possible ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12004/document.
Full textUsing both theoretical and empirical approaches, this thesis aims to bring a new light on the link between economic growth and environment. It is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on a reconsideration of the decoupling question. The study of the evolution of the environmental problematic in economic theory, in the first chapter, shows that this debate is not new, and has not remained static. Then, in the second chapter, after to have shown the complexity (particularly its multidimensionality and the limits of approaches to measure the decoupling) of the decoupling concept, our study with a new empirical approach on several countries seems to show the evidence of decoupling in the case of certain countries. The second part consists to explain the decoupling. The third chapter which is focused on analysis of the main decoupling determinants, allowed us to identify three determinants (the development level, the structure of the economy and the socioeconomic relationship to the environment), and also to show that their impact on the decoupling is limited in the time. The last chapter, which is an extension of the third chapter, focuses on analysis of the decoupling factors in a “regulationniste” perspective. With this approach, our thesis has tried to show the importance of the degree of ecological concerns and the quality of institutions in a country to achieve decoupling. Thus, through these four chapters, this thesis seems to show that the possibilities to achieve decoupling are tributary of several factors, and also that decoupling, even in the case of CO2, is sometimes possible, but not permanently
Debourdeau, Ariane. "Prendre en compte l'environnement dans la sphère du produire : normalisation par les dispositifs socio-techniques en réseau et formes d’engagement environnemental." La Rochelle, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818915.
Full textThis research deals with standardization through different sociotechnical agencements and with the normalization and the regulation of environmental discourses and practices within the sphere of producing (Jonas). It concerns more specifically the firms and their environmental and sustainable development’s politics (management systems, reporting, labelization, a. S. O. ). This dissertation describes finely the concerned networks, and especially mediations provided by a multitude of texts, written and conveyed by heterogeneous actors. This “architexture” is translated into the firm’s environmental practices – a translation corresponding to the new networks’ extensions. Our methodological point of view is ethnographic; accounting for three different kinds of companies environmental politics. We wanted to understand if and how environment can contribute to a politicization of the Sphere of production, to question the instruments serving as a proof of the firm’s commitment to the environment. This research focuses on hybrid forms of environmental public policies, on the development of compromises between rationality economic (economic rationality), scientific and technical innovation and (the) construction of indicator in order to make the environment quantifiable and measurable. This study supposed a large “technical enquiry”, which dealt with statistics on one hand, and technical objects’ way of living on the other hand. The co-production of markets and environment(s) appeared finally as a pragmatic of the “less evil”, which left minimal compromise as for the possibility of an ecological ethics of the Sphere of producing
Gabbay, Ruth. "Le commerce international à l'épreuve des contraintes environnementales." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D009.
Full textThe environmental component of sustainable development has become an essential concept, a major issue that has gradually interfere into the commercial sphere. International trade could no longer ignore the concept of environmental protection and must now deal with It. These two separate legal orders have conflictual relations, as It can be compared as two asymtotes that tends one to the other without ever reaching totally because their interests diverge. Protecting the environment by crossing the path of free exchange may affect the latter by restricting It. So, at first glance, this stormy relationship could lead to potential conflicts of normative and judicial order and in regard to the solutions that can be found. The standards set by MEAs are for some of them in contradiction with those erected by the multilateral trading system. In terms of competitiveness, the implementation of a rigorous environmental policy may have for consequence the reduction of the competitiveness of the developed countries or their companies against those who are more lax on environmental issues. However, we find that environment can be a factor of competitiveness. In addition, to compensate the potential distortions in the competition, countervailing could be considered as a border tax adjustment. The commercial sphere has nevertheless made efforts in the environmental issue. As part of the WTO, the jurisprudence has gradually open out to this and admits, certainly, so conditioned, that a State may on behalf of the preservation of the environment limit Its exchanges. The creation of a Trade Environment Committee demonstrates Its commitment not to ignore environmental issues. This will also be enrolled under the new RTAs which objectives go beyond the multilateral trading system by including in the provisions, the questions excluded during the Cancun negotiations, such as the environment. Environmental assessments of trade policies also represent an innovative instrument at the service of the environment. The implementation of ecolabeling or the creation of environmental goods and services reflects the growing impact that has the environmental component within the free trade
Harribey, Jean-Marie. "Développement soutenable et réduction du temps de travail : analyse critique appliquée au cas de la France." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010042.
Full textAt the end of the 20 th century, economic development encounters ecological and social limits. In a first part we present the elements of methodological criticism that are needed to understand the development crisis. We focus the analysis of technique, economic rationality and value with a view to examining social relations. In a second part we show that the problems of sustainability are placed in an alternative. On the one hand, the approach of environmental economy consists in internalizing the negative externalities : it leads to constantly extend the field of trade activities. On the other hand, sustainability is characterized by the insertion of economy in the biosphere with the prospect of the reproduction of living beings and systems. We propose a typology of the approaches of sustainable development focusing on the notions of value, and we show that the ambiguity of the concept of sustainable development lies in the fact that it considers economic growth as a universal and permanent condition necessary to the improvement of welfare. In a third part, we try to link a qualitative sustainable development with productivity gains to be used to reduce working time and to give each one a job. Such a strategy is based on three principles : responsibility, solidarity and saving. We develop a model for the reduction of inequalities so as to derive the means to fund job creation necessary to cut down unemployment in france
VERICEL, JEAN-MARC. "Technologie et milieu naturel : bilan critique des apports de l'économie et de l'écologie : quelles convergences entre les disciplines ?" Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22012.
Full textWe have decided to take seriously the ecologists' warning : the great bio-geochemical cycles are so disturbed that they eventually call into question the existence of man on earth. For the economist who is interested in production, it amounts to consider critically the technical and scientific development which is now "spreading out" on a planetary scale. Only an overall approach would permit to view the importance of this phenomenon which concerns the relation between man an nature, and man as a cultural being. It is through the convergence of economics and ecology that we have tried to show the "evolution" of those two subjects in a more "operational" direction - as D. Janicaud would say. The logic of the technical development-which cannot be regarded as neutral but as bearing the "cartesian" plan of the domination of nature-can be enhanced by ontological and phenomenological approach. However, it doesn't imply that one should become a technophobe. To swerve from the "apories" of the splitting of object and subject, without falling into "naturalism" or "positivism", is the stake of the search for a unified approach in a human perspective, of the relation between man and nature, with a view to understand and control the global pollutions. The examination of the so called "alternative" theories in the ecological field, reveals
Pomonti, Vannina. "Nuisances environnementales du trafic automobile et organisation de l'espace et des transports urbains : étude comparée de trois métropoles européennes : Athènes, Amsterdam, Paris." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE1050.
Full textThe thesis studies the links between car traffic pollution and space and transports organisation in urban environment, in the viewpoint of sustainable development. It is based on the study of three metropolises: Athens, Amsterdam, Paris. The first part of the thesis presents the main car traffic nuisances in urban environment (local air pollution and its health impacts, noise, scarce resources consumption, greenhouse gases emissions) as well as the increase of car dependence in areas where the use of car is necessary in everyday life. The cities studies make it possible to observe how space and transport networks organisation, affected by public policies, influence life quality as well as pollution levels. The last part of the thesis offers a typology of the main urban transports policies aiming at implementing a sustainable mobility (technology, taxation, urban planning)
Vu, ManhChien. "Tourisme, croissance et intégration dans l'économie mondiale : les apports du concept de développement durable." Toulon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257238/fr/.
Full textBesancenot, François. "Territorialité, durabilité : un seul enjeu ? : réflexion sur la mise en oeuvre d'un développement territorial durable à partir d'un exemple : le Bassin potassique alsacien." Lyon, École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00097780.
Full textThe difficulties encoutered by many terrtorial authorities in Europe when putting sustainable development policies into practice suggest that territory and sustainable development do not necessarily sit well together. However, a closer examination seems to show that they are actually inextricably intertwined. The study of the regeneration of the Alsace potassium Basin helps bring these two concepts closer together. A single activity/single identity system, typical of mining areas, progressively replaced by diversification in business and identities, has allowed us to ask : how to make a success of such a fundamental process of change ? Can the concept of sustainable development help us here ? Based on bibliographical studies, public surveys and extensive discussions, a better knowledge of the Basin (1904-2005) has allowed us to develop an alternative conception of its development and to demonstrate that it is ready to adopt a real territorial project like a sustainable development project. This is followed by a dissection of differing methods of putting sustainable development ideas into pratice and some further reflection on the suitability of the area chosen for study. Finally, we propose a sustainable development diagnosis that can be extended to any territory, using appropriately adapted indicators. This way of trying out such a diagnosis for the Basin has proven the importance of the concept of territoriality when putting in place Agenda 21 at a local level. Every project of this sort requires a coherent territorial entity (potassium Basin) even if this (Communauté de communes de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace) does not correspond directly to the area of a given political body. Whilst this particularly study has been solely of the potassium Basin, it would be especially interesting to apply our methods to analysis of other sustainable development projects, whether or not they work within coherent territories, both in France and in other countries
Fortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Full textMulot, Éric. "Éducation et gestion des inégalités : analyse comparative du Costa Rica, de Cuba et du Guatemala." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010047.
Full textFages, Emmanuel. "Réforme économique dans les PVD et enjeux de l'environnement global : pour une politique intégrée : réflexions à partir du cas de l'Inde." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0018.
Full textChouk, Souad. "Veille anticipative stratégique : processus d'attention à l'environnement : application à des PMI tunisiennes." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21011.
Full textAnticipative Environmental Scanning –Collective Intelligence is the collective and proactive process through which members of organization (or individuals sollicited by the firm) tracks and use relevant anticipative environmental informations. In the developping countries the unavailability of environmental information doesn't stimulate informational behavior. A Baiting Environmental Attention Process (B. E. A. PRO) is built in the context of a panel of 17 tunisian SMES. L. E. SCAnning® global method, namely the Puzzle® heuristics proposed for structuring the Collective Sensemaking (CS) central process of the VAS-IC® reference pattern is our first source of actionable knowledge. The other elements of our method come from the organizations and decision theories, social psychology and strategic management. Our research suggests that, under certain conditions and with some critical success factors, B. E. A. PRO might be an effective tactic of triggering a collective learning by doing process leading tunisian SMEs to question the existing way of seeing the environment
Ambomo, Marcel. "Commerce, environnement et développement en Afrique francophone : réalités et perspectives." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4007.
Full textBase development only on economic growth, was a trend in Africa. Henceforth, this approach is questioned, since the consecration of sustainable development at Rio Summit. Consequently, development issue of African countries is studied, by redefining actual balance between trade, environment and development. Indeed, we can take up a bet on trade as development tool in Africa. However, his success depends on withdraw of trade barriers and the protection of environment. We seize here, the opportunity to re-examine the sustainable concept, which appears, for good, as a civilization vision. At what scale? Universality seems on this context attractive. But it's risky, because it could ignore local situation. In this field, we can think globally, but act locally. This concept allows sui generis sustainable development models, with the purpose to avoid a unique environmental view
Vandervorst, Alain. "La conditionnalité écologique dans les organisations financières internationales." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL347.
Full textSchembri, Patrick. "Le processus de destructuration créatrice dans les modèles de croissance économique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010086.
Full textThis thesis confronts present economic and ecological concerns, taking into consideration the origin and the role of technical change in economic growth theories. It also shows the influence which the schumpeterian innovation theory has on recent economic growth models and its implications as far as the requirements of ecological sustainability are concerned. From this point of view the current research firstly treats the way in which technical progress becomes endogenous in new growth theories, underlining the link between the definition of technical change and the framework of general balance. Then, the research consists of opening the analytical framework of economic growth to problems concerning respectively the creation of technologies and the diffusion of technologies
Mania, Élodie. "Diversification du commerce, vulnérabilité et développement économique." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR027.
Full textRecent economic literature and major international organizations are agreed on the virtues of export diversification as a development strategy for developing countries. The consensus has two main sources: the successful experience of the Asian emerging countries on the one hand, and the numerous empirical studies showing positive relationship between diversification and economic growth on the other hand. The consensus is new since the debate was at the center of the controversies between free-trade and structuralist economists in the 1950s. Since Ricardo (1817), the former had been inspired by traditional theories of international trade and advocated free trade and specialization based on a country’s comparative advantages. Conversely, the pioneers of development economics emphasized the need for development policies to introduce distortions into the specialization mechanisms of comparative advantages, as the process of structural change is driven by diversification and export composition. The thesis explores theoretically and empirically the relationship between export diversification and economic development in the present context of globalization. Firstly, the integration of developing countries into global value chains, where countries no longer specialize in the production of a product but in a delimited segment of the production process, questions the relationship. The consequences of the disconnection between a country’s productive structure and its export diversification are analyzed through an extension of Thirlwall’s (1979) post-Keynesian model. The analysis allows us to emphasize the heterogeneity of diversification models of three developing regions, namely sub-Saharan Africa, developing Asia and Latin America. We thereafter attempt to open the black box that constitutes the relationship between export diversification and economic growth. The transmission channels of the relationship will be examined by using the properties of an extended Kaldor-Verdoorn Law that assesses the impact of export diversification on productivity growth and the degree of returns to scale for several countries. Secondly, as far as countries are concerned, the compatibility of export diversification strategy with the environmental challenges is questioned. Our preliminary results suggest that a higher level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is associated with a more diversified export basket. Further investigation from theoretical and empirical analyses demonstrates that the positive effect on CO2 emissions is valid for the upper-middle income and the high-income economies. Finally, we approach export diversification from the perspective of trading partner diversification in a case study on Vietnam. We analyze the country’s growth performance by measuring the contribution of its trading partners to its external constraint in a multi-country balance of payments constrained growth model. The study case questions the macroeconomic resilience and the virtues of a development model driven exclusively by international trade nowadays
Raffin, Natacha. "Environnement, santé, éducation : quels enjeux pour le développement ?" Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
Full textChouaïbou, Mfenjou Modeste. "L' Afrique à l'épreuve du développement durable : la conciliation du progrès économique, de la protection de l'environnement et du développement humain." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD008.
Full textThe unforeseeable consequences of pollution (reheating of the glaciers, flood, crumbling of the layer of ozone, rise in the level of the oceans) due to the growth of the discharge of gases, of the deforestationsupported the emergence of the concept of the sustainable development. Behind this setting in danger of planet, economic progress must not only seek the satisfaction of the needs present, but integrate the concerns of the future generations. The safeguard of this solidarity over generations requires a common action ; if not the efforts of the ones (protectors) will be cancelled by the laxity of the others (pollutants). Already weakened by poverty, the conflicts, the famine, the desertification, Africa is not requested than the other areas of the world. Accounting for 2% of the world trade, Africa under structural adjustment adopted liberalism and its States complete the process of privatisation of the public companies. But, that it is of the space representation, land management, agriculture, justice, education or the governance, the African Culture reconciles with difficulty its traditions with modernity. If creation, the promotion and natural and human stock management are hardly satisfactory in Africa, it is because the process of the development is put at evil by exogenous and endogenous obstacles. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the populations, only pledge of their survival, awaits an international support for the measurement of the challenge of the African rebirth in development. But, the Occident does not seize enough that in a world without border, solidarity is the well shared interest for, if Africa continues to endure such lamentable deprivations, it will hardly be in safety in its opulence
Koubo, Douzo. "Développement économique, normes et prise de décisions en matière d'environnement : le cas d'un pays en voie de développement : la Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010024.
Full textThe protection of the environment is not neutral. Among other things, it may be an obstacle to the growth of the ivorian economy, which is still necessary to fight against the problems lying above development. In front of this reality, the ivorian policies for fighting against the traditional damages of the environment and the global threats linked with the national energetic system will integrate two fundamental data : the minimization of the conflicts between the environmental aims and the economic growth, and the reduction of the risks of distorsion in the repartition of the coasts of the policies. By applying in a modulated way the direct regulations and the economic incitements on the basis of these data, the Ivoiry Coast will thus try to promote a sustenable economic development
Nguyen, Anh Tuan. "Trajectoires de développement et le choix des instruments des politiques énergie-environnement pour les pays d'Asie en développement rapide." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21042.
Full textCodur, Anne-Marie. "La relation société-environnement dans une approche systémique : contribution à la définition du concept de développement durable." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework for studying the society-environment relationship in a systemic perspective especially in the context of social systems that are closely dependant on their local environment, as is still the case for most rural communities in developing countries. Traditional analytical, quantitative approaches (using linear causalities) generally fail to explain the complexity of the relation between a society and its environment. This dissertation employs a dynamic interactive socio-ecological system (SES) model which represents the organization of the interface that links any society to its natural environment. Focusing on the institutional aspect of this interface, i argue that the relation between institutional design and ecosystemic properties is critical for sustainability. Sustainable institutional structures must be sensitive to physical factors which impose constraints on the exploitation of natural renewable resources (e. G. Variability and uncertainty in the availability of a resource in space, time and quantity, conditions of access, visibility, divisibility,. . ) I develop a typology of diverse ideal-types of SESs according to institutional responses to ecological constraints (especially in terms of appropriate institutional scales or regulation of access to resources). I illustrate this typology by examples of historically sustainable SESs in rural communities of Morocco and Tunisia. These communities are experiencing exogenous and endogenous changes or shocks (population pressure, institutional failures, openess to the market, conflicts between different institutional scales of regulation,. . . ) That are modifying the patterns of the socio-environment interface and can lead to ecological degradations if the necessary institutional adaptations fail to occur
Coulibaly, Djakalidja. "Politique agricole et développement dans le sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire : logiques marchandes et logiques écologiques." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0020.
Full textLehtonen, Markku. "Environmental policy evaluation in the service of sustainable development : influence of the OECD environmental performance reviews from the perspective of institutional economics." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS021S.
Full textThis thesis examines what consequences, through which pathways, and under which circumstances, does country-level environmental policy evaluation, carried out by an intergovernmental organisation, have for institutional change towards sustainable development. The philosophical and theoretical frameworks of institutional economics are proposed as the lens through which to assess experiences from evaluation research. This is done in order to elaborate a conceptual framework for analysing the approach, the impact and the factors conditioning the influence of environmental policy evaluation in the context of sustainable development. The OECD Environmental Performance Review programme is examined through an in-depth qualitative case study approach. It is found that in spite of engendering relatively modest interest among the public, the reviews increase the legitimacy of environmental policies and authorities, and strengthen a performance-oriented environmental policy emphasising evaluation, monitoring and cost-effectiveness. These impacts operate through four parallel pathways, representing the purposes of learning and accountability. The type and intensity of influence depends on the capacity of the reviews to mobilise key change agents and to be sensitive to the context, as well as on the credibility and political weight of the OECD in the reviewed country. It is concluded that notwithstanding the distance of the prevailing OECD conception of sustainability from the institutionalist principles adopted as the benchmark for the appraisal in this thesis, the reviews contribute meaningfully to sustainable development by redressing asymmetries of power, thereby improving some of the conditions for deliberative democracy
Torres, Emmanuel. "Le cadre de vie urbain : essai d'une économie de la qualité." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-201.pdf.
Full textThe rise of environment problems in cities will require in the years to come an important wave of investments in public and private sector in a context of an increasing social demand of quality. This prospect calls for an economic approach of urban environment. This research proposes to bring new implements to theories of environment economy based at present on the concept of "sustainable development", in order to deal specifically with the urban and local problems of environment. A relative and social conception of environment is used and the quality of this environment is considered as a local public good "coproduced" by urban planning and production actors, and by citizens themselves. We take stock of the possibilities of a monetary evaluation of the quality of urban environment, before to use a multicriteria evaluation approach connected to a local actors decision theory. The conditions of coordination and the regulation of urban actors behaviour are analyzed in relation to this quality. Some theoretical implements proposed in the research are applied to an empiric case : the agglomeration of boulogne in nord pasde-calais
Chautard, Guy. "Environnement, croissance économique et territoire : l'exemple d'une zone de tradition industrielle du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-17-18.pdf.
Full textGillio, Nicolas. "Le foncier, une ressource territoriale pour le développement économique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH012/document.
Full textEconomic land contributes actively to the development of companies in the territories as a spatial translation of economic activity and as a form of intervention by public bodies in France and in several European countries.The location of economic activities is defined in spatial economics according to the distance to the urban center. The value that economic agents attribute to a central or peripheral location is based on the level of differential rent perceived by landowners. This income, assimilated to the land use cost incorporated in property prices, is a decreasing function of distance to the urban center, which varies according to the different activities (housing, office, retail, industry). The concentration of activities depends on the mechanisms of urban land rent and explains the differences in economic wealth between areas with high concentration of activities and jobs and spaces with low density. The land rent achieved by landowners will result in a trade-off between proximity and distance to the center that the companies would achieve through the market law. However, these explanations are incomplete to explain the divergent economic paths between territories. In spatial economics, land use is adjusted by the firm according to the level of land use they can put up with. However, this approach lacks of relevance when firms derive economic development from a territory without leading to high land rents or when development becomes a strategic issue for the territory. Thus, the concentration of economic activities and land rent are considered as a way to explain optimal locations, but they do not explain all kind of situations. The explanatory model is both dependent on the availability of data, the homogeneity of space and the modeled behavior of economic agents.In order to provide new explanations, we offer an other theoretical approach that is less econometric and more empirical in order to analyze the mechanisms for moderately dense territories where land is highly coveted by private investors. These territories are those of the Plaine de Saint-Exupéry, a metropolitan interface area of the Lyon urban zone, and Metropole Savoie, an area of inhabited plains between Geneva and Grenoble.Using the notion of territorial resource we consider territorial economy to understand the relationships between land and economic activities. The territorial land resource highlights choices of localization for services and industrial activities. These are structured by cooperative relations involving actors in land development and real estate development, alongside local authorities and companies that seek for local ecosystems that are conducive to the development of their business. They may also seek for institutional and geographical proximity, which are different from the concentration of activities.The territorial resource emphasizes the diversity of development models and specific assets. The development of land use strategies, and the methods of coordination between public and private actors that depend on them, explain the functions of redeployment and interface of land. These two functions refer, on the one hand, to the fact that the land use resource facilitates the transformation of activities on the territory and, on the other hand, that land is a condition for the existence of other resources for activities on this territory. In other words, without an interface, land can be allocated to functions unrelated to the specific assets of the territory. Without redeployability, land will be marketed without consideration for its long-term value, but only for its short-term market value. Based on empirical observations on the Plaine de Saint-Exupéry and on Metropole Savoie, we illustrate these notions and show that public management over economic land use, in particular, makes it possible to reveal territorial land resources at a time when the territories have to invent their own sustainable development path
Nguyen, Thành Nhân. "Programmer le développement soutenable dans un pays en voie de développement : une optimisation sociale du secteur électrique au Vietnam." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0118.
Full textThe kernel of this dissertation aims to exploit by optimisation methods and empirical studies the issues of sustainable development in the Vietnamese power sector for the next thirty years. It then examines the ways to implement sustainable energy options for the power sector in practice. There are two parts: (i) In the fust part, using a comparative analysis and a vulnerability analysis that is based on the Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) simulation, I analyze energy-development-related vulnerabilities that the sector could face, in terms of economic and socio-environmental dimensions. I further develop the IRP model, in such a way representing realistically marginal abatement costs of carbon reduction by considering non-zero carbon values and carbon emission constraints, in order to simulate sustainable energy supply options for the power sector. (ii) In the second part, I study the major barriers against the wider adoption of sustainable energy development options in practice by using analytical hierarchy process-based formaI surveys among national experts. Then, I use an empirical analysis approach to examine different appropriate policy means including incentive instruments/schemes and sector reform for such sustainability of the power sector. To the end, I analyze the access to feasible financing sources for sustainable development in the Vietnamese power sector
Diallo, Bano Nadhèl. "Gestion environnementale au Fouta-Djallon : entre savoirs locaux et interventions de développement (République de Guinée)." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30012.
Full textGuillo, Olivier. "Méthode de régulation d'une variable écologique par contrôle optimal stochastique, en temps réel, d'activités socio-économiques dans le cadre des jeux dynamiques : application à la qualité de l'eau de la lagune de Thau et à son bassin versant." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24008.pdf.
Full textSamba, René. "La gestion du développement durable des forêts tropicales : application au Congo-Brazzaville." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4006.
Full textSalbert, Vincent. "Tourisme et gestion intégrée des zones côtières : les conditions d'un développement durable : exemple de l'île de Tahiti (Polynésie française)." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30022.
Full textThe great tourism development of small tropical islands has threatened their sustainability. For developed countries, Tahiti is a myth and Tahitian tourism doesn't use island patrimony (natural, social or cultural) except artificial beaches and lagoon beauty. A major problem is inadequate understanding of tourism dynamics and the absence of simple integrated measures of tourism's pervasive economic, social and environmental impacts. This work presents the framework in which Tahitian tourism develops, its characteristics and it porposes a space analysis method to evaluate its impacts. This method is applicable superficially with only one indicator to each element in the system (environmental, economical and social) or to go deeper into study with a lot of indicators to each element. This methodology must allow an integrated tourism management with others island activities and an sustainable tourism destination
Irep, Virgile. "Eco Tourisme et développement durable : l'éco Tourisme, atouts et limites du tourisme durable dans la caraïbe-micro insulaire : la Guadeloupe, St john et la Dominique." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0180.
Full textDifferent forms of tourism have been growing in the micro Caribbean islands for about three decades now, offering long-term development options to its populations. Ln Guadeloupe, Dominica or Saint-John - one of the American Virgin Islands- we have singled out sorne tangible examples in order to study the true capacity of this new sustainable tourism concept of ensuring development through ecotourism. After identifying the island environment in the Caribbean and the Lesser Antilles through a global presentation of both the physical and human factors, we first managed to draw up a typology of the main interests, revealing the real value of the sites of the sites for each of the chosen settings. Then, as far as employment is concerned, we have put the emphasis on any potential long-term effects. The study has been carried out in such a way that the first stage tackled in the study's general section places the Caribbean on a worldwide level in global tourisrn, by accentuating its damaging consequence' on the environment. Furthermore, the tourism approach in the Lesser Antilles allows us to assess the 'given situation and consider the prospects of a sustainable and fair trade tourism in Guadeloupe. The last section concerns two islands close to Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles: Saint- John, the National Park land and Dominica, which is still characterized by its wild and untamed nature
Quinquis, Bran. "Les conséquences du changement climatique sur l'économie de la Polynésie française." Polynésie française, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POLF0007.
Full textAccording to IPCC latest report (2007), small pacific islands are among the most vulnerable communities in the world (increase of temperature, cyclone intensification, sea level rise and ocean acidification). Beyond ecosystem modifications, climate induced risks are numerous for human activities. The purpose of our study is to focus on climate impacts in French Polynesia exclusively in economic terms. Pear farming and tourism are French Polynesia two major resources and thus will be carefully covered in two distinct case studies. On this first topic, we concluded that increase in lagoon temperature can only have a negative impact on pearl farming. On the other hand, in a medium run, and for geographic and capitalistic reasons, climate change may play a « moderator role » and finally solve the production problem. The drop in the tourism demand is mainly due to the world economic conjoncture. However, climate change can indirectly and directly worsen the dificulties this sector is already facing. For instance, beaches damage in Bora Bora could generate losses in hotel revenu up to 10. 14 billion Xpf a year. In other to better comprehend what is actually at stake, we propounded a socioeconomic vulnerabily index. Our results aim to become a decision tool to accompany local authorities toward imperative ecological measures for adapting our society to the impacts of climate change
Niang-Freu, Fatou Kiné. "Tourisme et environnement littoral : les exemples de la Petite Côte et de la Grande Côte du Sénégal." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30062.
Full textTourism is the second economic activity generator of revenue in Senegal. On the Senegalese coastline, particularly on the Little Coast and the Great Coast, it relies on reliable assets. However, it is also a factor of socio-cultural, economic and spatial transformation of the coastline. Through its developed sites, infrastructures and activities, touristic development creates a new environment that is often perceived as deterioration. This area is facing contamination and damage caused by sources which are not linked to tourism. This leads inevitably to negative impacts on the sustainability of investments in tourism. The thesis offers, firstly, a geographical analysis of disequilibrium between the Great Coast and the Little Coast of Senegal. It studies then the different strategies of management and development of parks, reserves, and cultural and historical heritage. Thirdly, it tries to suggest perspectives and solutions for a sustainable development and management of tourism in Senegal