Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement économique durable'
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Woo, Suk-Hoon. "Croissance économique et concept de limites dans la pensée économique." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100080.
Full textBarry, Abdoulaye M. "L' Intelligence du Développement, une analyse du "sous-développement durable"." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10001.
Full textIf globalization is not a novelty, the third millennium one has a worldwide challenge for peace keeping and stability around, after two World Wars embodied in the XXth century. The interdependence between nations has never so much been revealed, for the political and economical disturbance of breeding insecurity underlies dire poverty. The research project deals with a current topic concerning the majority of mankind, namely poverty control targeted at the Third-World underdevelopment. The research objective aims at designing conceptual tools crafted for helping with the complex management of development aid. To this endeavour, cooperative programs are scrutinized through Economic Intelligence (EI) with the cross section of management and communication sciences. Via interdisciplinary process, molecular biology allows investigation to proceed towards Development Intelligence (DI), applicable to the North South systemic relationship among recursive forces. The double helix operating pattern by pair shows the information flow through S-C-P analysis around developed and developing countries, regarding distribution of productive resources. Information management is no longer at stake; DI holds management by information on its ground to tackle sustainable underdevelopment. Based on corporate EI, it fits into International and Local Development schemes as International and Local Development Intelligence (ILDI)
Nguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Full textRicci, Francesco. "Essais théoriques sur le développement durable." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10075.
Full textTarchouni, Mohamed Hédi. "Polarisation spatio-économique et ressources naturelles : réconcilier la géographie économique et le développement durable." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21027.
Full textThe started of the globalization and the appearance of the economic, financial and political interdependences between the various regions of the world lets think that needs in natural resources is past. We attend, indeed, the increase of the exchanges concerning the services and the technological and intellectual resources. Empirically, a new world map is outlined where the centres of the world economy concentrate the activities, the populations and the mutual exchanges and where the streams of the globalization cross the oceans without any limitation. The principles of the sustainable development are far from being applicable. To reconcile the new economic geography with the requirements of the sustainable development is the object of this research. However the objective of this research is to show that the consumption of natural resources, in long-sustainable conditions, is an economic growth factor, even of development over long period. It is important thus to protect the reserves of not renewable resources and at the same time to multiply the efforts of technological research. Finally, to demonstrate the relative importance of natural resources, several methods are used (regression, reduction of variables, indicators of polarization, analyzes of correspondence) to validate a relation between a representative sample of resources-keys and several dependent variables reflecting the welfare
Fertel, Camille. "Evaluation et développement durable : une analyse économique : "évolutions, difficultés et nouvelles approches"." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS023S.
Full textIn this thesis we are questioning ourselves about the possibility to assess the sustainable development with the tradionals assessing methods used in the development. We show that this different methods and practices have a common theoretical basis: public economy of well being, and by extension the rational choice theory. These different practices of assessment all refer to a common theoretical component: they tend to reach the Pareto’s optimum (or compensation optimal in sense of Pareto). But the Pareto’s optimum supposes necessary the Pareto unanimity. This hypothesis excludes the question of futures generations although it’s a capital component of the sustainable development. Is the Pareto unanimity leave out the futures generations of the economic calculation consideration? Then, we show that with the dynamic optimisation it’s possibly at once to stay in the rational choice theory framework and to integrate the long run to the economic calculation. Then the Pareto unanimity hypothesis can be release against a new conception of the decision. This new conception of decision requires more information about at once the agent’s preferences and the decisional environment. Experimental economic and the randomized assessment seem to be able to product the necessary information to take this type of decision. To have a wider temporal horizon increase the quantity of information about the future to make a better decision “today” for tomorrow
Ouyahia, Emmanuel. "Macrodynamique et pollution internationale en économie ouverte." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0007.
Full textSustainable development incorporates an international dimension particularly through physical links between ecological-systems (eg. Acid rains and greenhouse effect) and economic links between countries (eg. International trade and finance). From this point of view, as we show it in the firts chapter of our thesis, economic literature has focused mainly on some of these issues without handling all of them simultanously. In order to filling this gap, in the second chapter, we have extended the neoclassical models of growth to the case of international pollution and trade. In the third chapter we have extended the harrod-domar's growth model to the case of international pollution in open economy. In the last chapter, owing to the samuelson's correspondance principle between comparative statics and dynamics, we have introduced international pollution in a dynamic model of mundell-fleming type
Verchère, Alban. "Essais sur le lien entre développement durable et équité intergénérationnelle : une approche par la modélisation." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1EC08.
Full textThe matter of durability of the economic and human development with limited resources and fragile environment appears at least as old as Economic Science. It took since the Eighties and the dissipation of the less founded fears related to the exhaustion of resources, an environmental dimension through the concept of sustainable development. It says that development "must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" Brundtland Commission (1987). From a theoretical point of view, it appears that this definition returns in fact to two closely related but quite distinct concepts: sustainability on the one hand, and equity between generations of the other. However, these two concepts are often confounded in the literature, as well as one frequently associates their opposites, unsustainability and inequity. The reason lies in the fact that one appreciates the paths of development to the ell of their long term results, but without really wondering about the behavior of the generations which give them life : are the generation really iniquitous? The work exposed in this thesis, through four modeling essays, precisely aims at showing that there are unsustainable paths of development that cannot be described as inequitable, As well as it happens one reaches sustainable paths, without the possibility to qualify them as equitable. These conclusions finally lead to reinvest the question of the ethical base of the interventions in favor of the future in the event of unsustainable but equitable paths of development. Namely, if these paths lead to unsustainability but without it being possible to say if they violate intergenerational equity as that can appear when one introduces intergenerational altruism for example , which principle can provide an alternative to equity between generations to legitimate the actions in favor of the future?
Martin, Marie-Catherine. ""Tourisme de congrès et développement urbain durable"." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0015.
Full textTo restore charm and urbanity in cities, we have to build public equipements in which local population will have the opportunity to meet, to make inquiries, to develop, to communicate, to exchange. . . The encounter center is one of those polyvalent equipements designed to meet the requirements and needs of local population. Builded in a middle-sized city, this structure must welcome a large and heterogeneous public. It must participate to the every day life of the city, offering meeting rooms, showrooms, lecture rooms, cultural, artistic and commercial events. Faisibility studies must precede the building of the encounter center. The encounter center is a learning organisation, based on service culture, sharing management, negociation and employees valorization. Its management relies on quality of servuction process, continuous performances control and permanent listening of its clients. The building of the encounter center must be supported by the creation of the encounter city bureau and the creation of the touristic unity. These organisations have to federate the local touristic supply and to optimisate the quality of this supply, working on : information, cooperation, training, qualification, animation and promotion of the touristic territory. The touristic unity have to manage the urban tourism system and to assure the sustainable regeneration of urban area by developping encounter tourism on its touristic territory. Encounter tourism must be considered as a chance of sustainable urban development for middle-sized cities
Ragot, Lionel. "Croissance économique durable et pollution : un essai d'interprétation formalisée." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010038.
Full textThe recent literature on exogenous and endogenous growth with pollution brings two important elements : the necessity to impose ad hoc conditions to insure the sustainability of the growth and the minor role played by the consumer in the determination of a more environmental friedly growth. We develop a dynamic applied general equilibrium model based on two types of consumption goods : "clean" or "green" ones, and "dirty" ones. Furthermore, a parameter of preference for "green" products is introduced in the utility function. We describe the long term and dynamic impact that fiscal shocks (changes in vat rates, modification of taxes placed on wastes) exhibit on the various macroeconomic and environmental variables. We develop a continous time model of endogenous growth based on innovation on consumption goods. The feature of this model is to consider two types of goods : "dirty" ones whose production brings about flows of polluants, and "green" ones with no effect on the environment. Moreover a parameter of preference for the green products is introduced besides the taste for diversity. We describe the dynamics of the model when this parameter is endogenous. Public authorities, if they make consumers more sensitive to the environment (for instance by information campaign), may improve the quality of the environment without appealing to restricting instruments like taxation or standards. This model, in discrete time and without any modification of the functionnal forms, can exhibit cyclic or chaotic dynamics for appropriately chosen sensibility parameter. We can describe this as an optimal behaviour of intermittent reductions in "dirty" goods consumption designed to reduce the burden on the environment and give its self-regenerative powers time to degrade the accumulated load of wastes
Le, Bot Jean-Michel. "Du développement durable au bien public : responsabilité et légitimité en question : à partir des cas de la Bretagne et de la Russie." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20003.
Full textRecognising the relevance of the concept of sustainable development as a political reference, the author can hardly conceive it as a scientific concept. He prefers the concept of public good, of which as precise a definition as possible is given. He starts by examining two cases : Russia and Brittany. In Russia, can the ecologist movement, together with the desire for change which became apparent from the mid-80s, contribute in overcoming the ecological and sanitary consequences of the soviet industrial development, combining productivism and totalitarianism ? In Brittany, a productivist agricultural system is now being criticised because of its pollutant effects, whereas there are recognised alternative methods : organic farming, sustainable development plans, etc. Their supporters show that it is possible to produce otherwise, combining economic viability, ecological security and social acceptability. But does this clarify the real issues of these alternatives ? Analysing the practices demands the intervention of a theoretical model allowing for an identification of rationalities which formalise these practices. This model, which allows the question of environment and economic rationality to be dealt in a new way, is studied in the second part. A third part specifies how the study of Russian and Breton cases can enlighten fundamental problems. Don't the Russian post-soviet ecological crisis and the crisis of the Breton agricultural system, illustrate the limits of reference to economic rationality ? Doesn't contemporary reference to sustainable development constitute a reminder of a political principle of responsibility, as well as of an ethical principle of legitimacy ? How does the theoretical model used allow for a precise definition to be given of the concept of public good ? Finally, a certain similarity is shown between the crises concerning the professions of social workers and farming advisers. A redefinition of the profession of adviser is proposed
Chevé, Morgane. "L'adéquation des choix économiques aux contraintes écologiques : optimalité et durabilité de la croissance d'une économie polluante." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010004.
Full textDiongue, Aissatou. "Tourisme durable : impasse ou levier de développement au Sénégal ?" Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040013.
Full textCaused a lot of ink to flow all around the world in developed countries as well as in developing ones. However, it should be noted that most of the studies made so far in the field of social sciences and based on works by anthropologists, economists, geographers, historians, or even sociologists have only been partially treating the subject. Most of the time, they only refer to economic aspects of the phenomenon and sometimes they just reflect stereotypes. Fast growing poverty in Southern countries and increasing disparities impose a new direction in such research, mainly towards the relationship between Tourism and Sustainable Development. Truly, Tourism seen as a possibility to reduce poverty in Southern Countries has reviewed classic paradigms that were so far associated with Tourism and Development Sociology. Establishing a relationship between Tourism and Development may seem obvious in as much as the tourism phenomenon has always been perceived as one bringing cash and currencies, thus rendering local micro-cultures even more fragile. The aim of this thesis is to approach scientifically the whole reality of connections between Sustainable Tourism and Development, starting from the multi-dimensional aspects of Tourism. Rather than providing ready-made answers, our approach will look at : 1-Identifying issues, 2-Shaping assumptions, 3-Opening up new ideas which we hope promising for a real political debate about "Sustainable Tourism and Development in Senegal" This approach and our questions will hopefully be discussed, deepened and further researched by others. I do hope my work will launch a true sociological debate on Tourism, so far absent of Senegalese intellectual circles
Andrieux, Albin. "Encadrement normatif de l' "agroaliment" et développement durable." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010285/document.
Full textDespite the fact that sustainable development has widely penetrated the legal domain, it remains non-binding. Indeed, this concept appears to be an objective driving political action, but it seems difficult to perceive its implementation into binding legal instruments. Because of its environmental, social and economic impacts, agriculture, particularly its activities related to the food industry, appears to be an appropriate field for analyzing sustainable development from a legal perspective. The intensification of international food trade is not the result of a chaotic international regulation: it is supported and regulated through multilateral/bilateral trade agreements and by international organizations. The WTO plays a paramount role in international trade regulation, but it seems that its competences do not expand beyond economical concerns. In this quest for sustainable development, consumers should not be forgotten. Their economic power enables them to promote sustainable development. However, despite several legal norms regulating food information, consumers have to deal with a tremendous amount of product statements, promoting their qualities and their compliance with sustainable development. The analysis of the legal frame of food stuff through a sustainable development viewpoint provides two key lessons. On one hand, this frame can be apprehended as a comprehensive system challenging traditional areas of law. On the other hand, it lightens impediments to achieving sustainable development
Breffeil, Emmanuel. "Développement durable en Chine rurale : Enquête dans le Hebei." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070080.
Full textThe last two five-year plans, the Chinese government puts the development of rural areas at the forefront of its priorities. The development strategy relies heavily on industrialization and urbanization, which on one hand, does not take into account the characteristics of rural areas, and on the other hand, is in contradiction with the objectives of environmental protection and social stability in the rural areas. Rural development has seen as the spread of urban development. This thesis sought ways to achieve socially sustainable development projects in rural China. Assuming that sustainable techniques and sustainable economic Systems exist, the central problem is to find ways to apply them within the Chinese context. The second objective is to determine which player is able to develop a model of sustainable development in this context, and how it can justify its actions with existing players such as local governments and entrepreneurs. The thesis describes an action-research. The field work was located in a village in Hebei province called Zhenbiancheng, where projects were launched to rehabilitate cultural heritage through tourism, guest houses, and promotion of local products. Cultural heritage is put at the center of the village developmental capacity. These initiatives provide an opportunity to study the reaction of the population and local government. This first set of actions prepared the next level of intervention of the next area of five surrounding villages. This development proposal is discussed through a comparison with other alternative models of development, such as the one expressed by the "New Rural Reconstruction Movement", whose projects are mostly limited in term
Quenault, Béatrice. "La prise de relais de l'énergie par l'information dans le processus de développement économique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010066.
Full textWe are presently living through a final take over ; information succeds to energy as the driving force of the economic development. That means that the present period is characterized by the concertinaing of two concurrent modes of development, at the conjunction of which all the problems of our time can be met. This shift in the economic driving force inaugurates a whole new conception of the universe, that of the "creative destruction", standing for a renewed manner to conceive the evolution of economic systems and to view man-nature relationship. In light of this new paradigm, the major problems men have to face emerge from the confrontation of the two conflicting processes of creation and destruction that characterize both the evolution of the biosphere and the dynamic of the economic systems. As the appearance of global pollution threatens the ecological equilibrium of the earth, the issue of sustainable development raises the question of the harmonious insertion of economic development within the biosphere to maintain the durability of humankind. The current mutation, that imposes a change in the logics and alters the regulatiion mechanisms of the economic systems, brings to the fore the present socio-economic and institutional problems as problems of adaptation to the new economic forces in effect. The issue at stake is that of people's ability to conciliate these two processes of creative destruction, that is their aptitude for seeing to it that the mutation at work takes place with respect for sustainable development requirements. Facing new realities, people wouldnot reach that aim if they were to use the mere conventions and instruments of traditional economics. Economics must not only open to new theoretical fields, but it must also account for the phenomena within its own sphere that were hitherto neglected. In other terms, a thorough reflection must be carried out on broadened economics
Dabat, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse économique du développement durable du littoral : application au cas de la Méditerranée française." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10068.
Full textMartinet, Vincent. "Interprétation du concept de développement durable dans les modèles économiques avec ressources naturelles." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100048.
Full textThis dissertation discusses the way the sustainability issue is addressed in the economic literature. We focus on the models dealing with the intertemporal allocation of non-renewable resources. Such a framework permits to address both the environmental and intergenerational equity issues. We describe the limits of neo-classical models and propose a different approach based on the search of invariant quantities that could be interpreted as the thing to preserve in the long run for a sustainable development. Two mathematical theories are used to define this invariant quantities : the Invariance Theory and the Viability Theory (also called Weak Invariance). Using the Noether Theorem we show that discounted utilitarianist criteria do lead to invariant quantities under very restrictive conditions only. We then propose to examine what could be guaranty to all generations, by linking the viability of a dynamic system to its sustainability. Finally, we show that, in the existing literature, there is no framework allowing to take into account the important issue of evolution of environmental preferences
Leandri, Marc. "Soutenabilité environnementale et préservation des capacités : le cas de la capacité d'assimilation des écosystèmes dans l'analyse économique de la pollution optimale." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005230.
Full textPhissamay, Phirany. "Les enjeux du développement agricole au Laos." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020053.
Full textMedzegue, M'akuè Joël-Jadot. "Développement durable et marché de l’Information scientifique et technique au Gabon." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083645.
Full textAt the beginning of this century, sustainable development became one of the collective concerns. This is why the study of the couple STI/NICT from the point of view of this development proves to be from now on one of the priority challenges for developing countries. This is because, whereas economic, social and cultural development in the North was mainly carried out while taking into account STI in most of the situations, it is recognized that poverty in the South is mainly a result of lack of decision and action information which accentuates under-development. However, so that decisions can be taken on the basis of reliable information, it is necessary to not only be concerned by its quality, quantity, availability, but by adequacy to problems encountered as well while bearing in mind that need for information is real on all levels of decision or action and for all the individuals. Thus, what is the place of STI/NICT in the service of sustainable development in Gabon ? What about STI local market? These questions, which calls on others, are studied in this work, especially the relationship between STI and sustainable development, STI and sustainable education, STI and sustainable health, NICT contribution. Lastly, proposals for a dynamic local market are outlined
Zaccai, Edwin. "Contribution à l'analyse des conceptions du développement durable." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211719.
Full textNono, Guy Marcel. "L'effectivité des normes du développement durable dans le processus d'intégration en Afrique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34966.
Full textA priori, the African Union and its program for development known as NEPAD can be regarded as a prayer wheel. This, due to the impressive number of international documents adopted at the African regional level and the narrow margin of maneuver of the African Union to find lasting solutions to economic and social crises in the continent, with environmental impacts. With certain indications of realism, we cannot think otherwise. When we know that since the advent of the African Union, sustainable development has become in the texts, the guiding principle of the process of African integration. This study analyzes the efforts of the African Union for a sustainable development in Africa as well as Africa's contribution to the evolution of international law. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the norms of sustainable development in the African regional level. We proceeded in two stages. This study also analyzes how the international standards relating to sustainable development was received in the African legal order and their implementation. Beyond the prioritization of the economic and social pillars of sustainable development, we highlighted the way in which the African Union reconciles the three values of sustainable development. This study contributes to shedding some light on the African Union’s legal approach with respect to sustainable development, and to show how this concept is materializes in a particular way in Africa. It firstly analyzes the obligations which the African Union lays on itself to translate to reality, the economic and social pillars of the sustainable development, and secondly, the obligations the African Union addresses to its Member States to implement these pillars. This study is also a contribution to the understanding of the evolution of the concept of development, right to development, sustainable development, and establishes the link between law and development. This study also helps to highlight the evolution of international law, including the questioning of the notion of subjective right and the consecration of the existence of rights with no owner in Public International Law, through the concept of sustainable development.
Marzouki, Mehdi. "Analyse économique des perspectives de durabilité du tourisme : le cas de Tabarka (Tunisie)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS029S.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the issue of the sustainability of tourism development in the case of Tabarka in Tunisia. The development of Tabarka has sought to break with the traditional model of Eastern, using a differentiated tourism with the valorization of natural environment. If this development had suggested integration into a virtuous circle of development of tourism which may initiate a beginning of convergence towards a sustainable tourism development, the connection leading to seaside tourism questions the break with the traditional model poles of the East. Therefore, this PhD dissertation deals with the prospects of tourism development to Tabarka in connection with this break and the issues associated with it in terms of sustainability
Hertz, Tilman. "Le statut des jugements normatifs en économie : quelques réflexions concernant le cas du développement durable." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32034.
Full textMaudet, Guillaume. "La protection de la biodiversité par la création d'un marché des ressources génétiques : la bioprospection en question." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32006.
Full textNowadays biodiversity protection is one of the major purposes of sustainable development. At the origin of biodiversity decline human activity of overexploitation and conversion of natural areas can be found. Facing this problem, the present work aims at showing that the creation of genetic market between pharmaceutical enterprises and individuals from developing countries can be a solution to protect biodiversity. Price equilibrium, high enough to overcome opportunity costs bearing by landowners, can be found. In this context, institutions have a key role to play in achieving this equilibrium. Solutions based on the analysis of institutional parameters have been found to fight against transaction costs and overexploitation in order to increase transaction opportunities and so to protect biodiversity
Belazreg, Elhaouari. "Le commerce équitable pour un développement durable en Francophonie." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30052.
Full textIn developing countries millions of small producers, artisans and casual employees are in precarious situations. Alone and unorganized, they are helpless and dependent on prevailing local authorities, intermediate and fluctuations in commodity prices set in New York or London. The heightened global competition and the globalization of trade as it is implemented leave no leeway for these small structures. These developments, combined with internal difficulties further exacerbate inequalities and highlight insecurity and poverty in which s' sink more these small producers craftsman and employees because they do not have the means and their structures to develop strategies for medium and long term, including the diversification of production, investment and improved production techniques.In this research we try to show that the contribution of fair trade to sustainable development Francophonie is considerable. A central problem can be defined as follows: What are the ways of development of fair trade and how it enables sustainable development Francophonie?This research may also help to better understand some logical decision-makers and actors in Francophonie interested in fair trade and sustainable development. Indeed the international trading environment is becoming increasingly complex with the fierce competition and liberalization exacerbated by globalization
Bai, Ying. "L'Intelligence Compétitive (IC) dans le cadre de la mondialisation influence des "soft technologies" sur la méthodologie de l'Intelligence Compétitive." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30017.
Full textMore and more organizations realize that obtaining of more competitive information compared to competitors are the key to make strategic decision, and the importance of competitive intelligence to anticipate mutations, to improve its own competitiveness and to stimulate the sustainable development in the era of the new economy. And now they face the challenge to advance the integration of the competitive intelligence in their strategies and actions. In this context, after a review on the mechanisms and the evolution of the competitive intelligence, we will present the various systems of competitive intelligence in the world, describe the stakes related to it, and recognize global and technological competitiveness. Furthermore the reflections proposed in this thesis are particularly orientated to the “soft power" which fills up the traditional power of constraint (hard power) and explain why “soft power” is even more important today than it was in the past, and to the “soft technology” which is also a paradigm of technology compared with the “hard technology” and which is regarded as an essential tool in all the processes related to the creation of competitiveness in order to promote the sustainable development of the economy
Ayadi, Ezer. "Politique budgétaire, ajustement et croissance économique : application au cas de la Tunisie." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0040.
Full textDuring the 1980s and much of the 1990s, in Tunisia, discussions of fiscal policy focused mainly on high fiscal deficits and government debt as a source of inflatin and balance of payments problems, and on the contribution of fiscal adjustment to stabilization programs designed to address much problems. Attention was also paid to the way in wich well-designed tax systems and spending programs could foster sustainable longer-term growth. However, with the recent developments in endogenous growth theory, emphasis has shifted to the role expansionary fiscal policy can play in stimulating economic activity. This thesis reviews the theoretical and empirical Literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Also, in this thesis, an attempt was made to analyse the fiscal sustainability in Tunisia using the Intertemporel Budget Constraint approach. The results reveal that fiscal stance is unsustainable. Conclusions arising from this study point to a further strengthening of the fiscal position
Caula, Sabina. "L'usage de l'avifaune comme indicateur écologique et socio-économique dans l'espace urbain." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20043.
Full textThe concept of sustainable development appeared in the 70' as an alternative to the traditional mode of economic development. Today’s, sustainable development deals with a variety of criterias and measures which common denominator is the integration of the economic, ecological and social perspectives. The goal is to maintain, in time, the human systems of production in coexistence and interaction with the environment. In the case of the cities, their sustainable development is considered as a local strategy that will contribute to the global sustainability of the planet. The development of indicators for sustainable urban development indicators is of particular importance. One of the indicators for sustainable development is the quantity and quality of available green areas and their biodiversity from a social point of view, there are many advantages of biodiversity conservation in cities, for the improvement of environmental quality as well as for human well being. Urban birds, as a taxonomic group, have characteristics that make them a potential good indicator for sustainable urban development. In this work, taking the example of Montpellier (France) we analysed how bird communities were distributed in a heterogeneous urban landscape and how they were linked to the characteristics of that mosaic, in winter and in spring. We also compared urban bird communities with bird communities in non urban habitats of the Montpellier region. We analysed the effects of urbanisation on the local species pool. Lastly we used the contingent valuation method (CV) in order to know the social preferences and the valuation of urban green areas by citizens. We gave to one part of the respondents information on the importance of green areas for birds, for the other sample, we gave no information on birds
Aliste, Enrique. "Démarche historique environnementale du développement dans la ville industrielle de Concepción, (Chili), 1950-2012 : du développement au développement durable." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0090.
Full textThis work takes place around the ideas of the city, over the issue of development speeches for half a century. It raises the question of sustainable development today, also put into question the looks of a long term on the twentieth century. The industrial city of Concepción (south central Chile) was the icon developmentalist ideas from the second half of the twentieth century. With the hope of the promised modernity, the city expected the progress ; after, the economic growth and development, and ultimately, the sustainable development. Each time with his own speeches will print its mark on the space. Thus, the territory became above all a process, not just a space that contains the physical, economic, social or cultural phenomena. This is the complex of all the joints and this requires a broad and diverse look. Then the geohistorical approach allows to provide an opportunity to discuss the prospects of a territory to both, real and imagined, as it unfolds through plans, speeches and projects, and still experiences that lived by its inhabitants. Anyway, here is a look to the questions about the development from the traces that can be read on the space we have built with the industrialization of a city with quite specific characteristics from its geographical conditions. Thus we can re-signified the issue of development, beyond the traditional concepts of economic geography and classical geopolitics
Diagana, Yakhouba. "Le droit international du développement durable et le continent africain : mesure du degré de transposition des règles internationales de développement économique et de protection de l'environnement en Afrique de l'Ouest (Mauritanie, Sénégal)." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0766.
Full textThe International law of Sustainable Development by his normative production since the international Conference of Stockholm (1972) on world environment can be defined like a group of internationals economics rules and environment protection. This approach in agreement with the Gro Harlem Brundtland Rapport ("Our common future") of 1987 which the terms enforce to the International Community the necessity of the determination of efficient rules for the control of the movement of the Intelligent Dimension (the Human Activity) that continue to influence considerably and negatively the Intermediairy Dimension (the Environment) from that depend essentially and substantially the Final or Intelligible Dimension ( The Human Being). In west of Africa (Mauritania – Senegal) the application of these rules constitute some considerable problems from the history of this continent, in part (Title I) that made also for their efficient application some structurals obstacles in other part (Title II)
Poisson, Christophe. "Le management environnemental : analyse transversale, approche dichotomique, implications conceptuelles, prospectives opérationnelles." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0031.
Full textDue to the increasing pressures being placed on the environment, firms and industries are being encouraged by all the socio-economic actors (government, consumers, shareholders, ecological's associations and the general public,. . . ) to modify their market's approach. The both desirable and inevitable inclusion of environmental factors into business will obviously also have an impact on corporate management policies. Because these factors touch all the variables in management. Some of them are synonymous of constraints due to costs : new technologies in production processes, risk management, human resources management,. . . The others are sources of opportunities : a good strategic environmental management policy and appropriated policies of the marketing-mix (product, communication, price, and distribution) can also reduce these costs and enhance market expediencies. An effective response to the environmental challenge requires both a global, sustainable and long term strategic management approach from firms and industries
Dubois, Jean-Luc. "Les conditions de vie des ménages et leur intégration dans la politique économique : vers un développement socialement durable." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS1011.
Full textThis dissertation synthesises a series of papers, articles and books, produced between 1982 and 1998 and based on field experiences in a number of developing countries. It reviews the link between the households standards of living and the economic policy to help designing strategies for socially sustainable development. Through its three parts, it deals successively with the definitions of the household and the standards of living, with the evolution of investigation systems aiming at collecting appropriate data, and with a series of issues related to development in a socially sustainable way. The first part examines the consequences of introducing social dimensions in the definitions of the individual, the household and the standards of living. This imposes to review the way decisions are made by social actors, to introduce a hierarchy in the corresponding levels of decision and to develop specific mesoeconomic analysis, based on the usual economic theories of the producer-consumer, the family and the social groups. The second part focuses on the need to design appropriate investigation system, more sophisticated than the usual survey systems, to answer to the information needs required by economic policies : i. E. Survey of the standards of living, identification of socio-economic groups, analysis of households behaviour, monitoring of social changes. The present evolution of investigation systems tends to encourage the use of specific monitoring and watch instruments such as the "observatories" which are able to combine on a long term basis both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Finally, the third part presents a series of specific issues to which it could be reffered for the design of strategies aiming at a socially sustainable development : measure of the impact of policy reforms, poverty reduction, monitoring of inequalities, use of social capital as an endogenous factor of growth, reference to current theories of altruism and social justice
Chouaïbou, Mfenjou Modeste. "L' Afrique à l'épreuve du développement durable : la conciliation du progrès économique, de la protection de l'environnement et du développement humain." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD008.
Full textThe unforeseeable consequences of pollution (reheating of the glaciers, flood, crumbling of the layer of ozone, rise in the level of the oceans) due to the growth of the discharge of gases, of the deforestationsupported the emergence of the concept of the sustainable development. Behind this setting in danger of planet, economic progress must not only seek the satisfaction of the needs present, but integrate the concerns of the future generations. The safeguard of this solidarity over generations requires a common action ; if not the efforts of the ones (protectors) will be cancelled by the laxity of the others (pollutants). Already weakened by poverty, the conflicts, the famine, the desertification, Africa is not requested than the other areas of the world. Accounting for 2% of the world trade, Africa under structural adjustment adopted liberalism and its States complete the process of privatisation of the public companies. But, that it is of the space representation, land management, agriculture, justice, education or the governance, the African Culture reconciles with difficulty its traditions with modernity. If creation, the promotion and natural and human stock management are hardly satisfactory in Africa, it is because the process of the development is put at evil by exogenous and endogenous obstacles. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the populations, only pledge of their survival, awaits an international support for the measurement of the challenge of the African rebirth in development. But, the Occident does not seize enough that in a world without border, solidarity is the well shared interest for, if Africa continues to endure such lamentable deprivations, it will hardly be in safety in its opulence
Bahedja, Ibrahim. "Maîtrise d'énergie, production d'électricité et développement socio-économique durable à Mayotte : problématique appliquée aux territoires insulaires." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/39814333-466e-4732-ab24-11ce5fbfd26c/blobholder:0/2008LIMO2003.pdf.
Full textVu, ManhChien. "Tourisme, croissance et intégration dans l'économie mondiale : les apports du concept de développement durable." Toulon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257238/fr/.
Full textDeconfin, Reimers Isabelle. "L’Union européenne et le développement durable de ses régions défavorisées grâce au tourisme interculturel et à l’utilisation optimisée d’internet : régions d’application : Sicile et Thuringe." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082767.
Full textThe European Union has registered a true mouvement of economic convergence between its state members, but the gaps between the regions have increased. The challenge of the European Union relies on the sustainable development of these disadvantaged regions. The coupling of intercultural tourism and the Internet can truly enable direct contact between tourists and hosting populations as well as narrowing supply and demand, thus bringing economic benefits to the local tourist operators, even the smallest ones, and enabling acceleration of the Keynesian multiplier on the territory. Sicily and Thuringia, as economically and socially disadvantaged regions of the European Union; can enter a virtuous circle of sustainable development by the means of a smart and well targeted use of the Internet and by moving their material and immaterial heritage towards intercultural tourism
Sahin, Sebnem. "Politiques économiques pour un développement durable et émissions de G. E. S. En Turquie : recommandations du modèle d'équilibre général régional TURCO." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010004.
Full textDuplan, Yves Jamont Junior. "La soutenabilité complexe : les dimensions socio-économique, écologique et épistémologique : la question de la déforestation en Haïti." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40037.
Full textThomas, Frédéric. "Analyse méthodologique de la rente touristique." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0060.
Full textThe general objective of this research is to develop a generalizable methodology of evaluating of the distribution of the rent of a tourist event, based mainly on bank deposits and credits of the Bank of France, and also to show its sectoral, geographical and temporal spillovers. This research is within the theoretical framework of the sustainable development concept; this is why one sticks to the notion of rent and not to that of impact. To achieve this, it appears necessary for us to recall the social, technological and industrial (concentration, segmentation, specialization) evolutions of the tourist phenomenon, i. E. , its aspects at public and private levels. This not only highlights the past and present weak awakening of the value of the factorial endowment of qualitative nature within the political and entrepreneurial decisions, but also in the field of economic evaluation. A review of the various economic models of tourism underlines the difficulties of integrating them into these models, and similarly to measure the distribution of the tourist rent. If the safeguarding of the natural and cultural assets can possibly slow down the speed of the returns on investment, it then remains a major factor of development. In a holistic approach, recommended within the framework of the analysis of tourism activity, an inter and multi-field methodology represent the most adapted method to study the sustainability of the tourist activity, its repercussions and its tangible and intangible specificities
Sok, Bovy. "Commerce équitable, développement durable : approche juridique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00853402.
Full textSoh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Gabbay, Ruth. "Le commerce international à l'épreuve des contraintes environnementales." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D009.
Full textThe environmental component of sustainable development has become an essential concept, a major issue that has gradually interfere into the commercial sphere. International trade could no longer ignore the concept of environmental protection and must now deal with It. These two separate legal orders have conflictual relations, as It can be compared as two asymtotes that tends one to the other without ever reaching totally because their interests diverge. Protecting the environment by crossing the path of free exchange may affect the latter by restricting It. So, at first glance, this stormy relationship could lead to potential conflicts of normative and judicial order and in regard to the solutions that can be found. The standards set by MEAs are for some of them in contradiction with those erected by the multilateral trading system. In terms of competitiveness, the implementation of a rigorous environmental policy may have for consequence the reduction of the competitiveness of the developed countries or their companies against those who are more lax on environmental issues. However, we find that environment can be a factor of competitiveness. In addition, to compensate the potential distortions in the competition, countervailing could be considered as a border tax adjustment. The commercial sphere has nevertheless made efforts in the environmental issue. As part of the WTO, the jurisprudence has gradually open out to this and admits, certainly, so conditioned, that a State may on behalf of the preservation of the environment limit Its exchanges. The creation of a Trade Environment Committee demonstrates Its commitment not to ignore environmental issues. This will also be enrolled under the new RTAs which objectives go beyond the multilateral trading system by including in the provisions, the questions excluded during the Cancun negotiations, such as the environment. Environmental assessments of trade policies also represent an innovative instrument at the service of the environment. The implementation of ecolabeling or the creation of environmental goods and services reflects the growing impact that has the environmental component within the free trade
Debourdeau, Ariane. "Prendre en compte l'environnement dans la sphère du produire : normalisation par les dispositifs socio-techniques en réseau et formes d’engagement environnemental." La Rochelle, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818915.
Full textThis research deals with standardization through different sociotechnical agencements and with the normalization and the regulation of environmental discourses and practices within the sphere of producing (Jonas). It concerns more specifically the firms and their environmental and sustainable development’s politics (management systems, reporting, labelization, a. S. O. ). This dissertation describes finely the concerned networks, and especially mediations provided by a multitude of texts, written and conveyed by heterogeneous actors. This “architexture” is translated into the firm’s environmental practices – a translation corresponding to the new networks’ extensions. Our methodological point of view is ethnographic; accounting for three different kinds of companies environmental politics. We wanted to understand if and how environment can contribute to a politicization of the Sphere of production, to question the instruments serving as a proof of the firm’s commitment to the environment. This research focuses on hybrid forms of environmental public policies, on the development of compromises between rationality economic (economic rationality), scientific and technical innovation and (the) construction of indicator in order to make the environment quantifiable and measurable. This study supposed a large “technical enquiry”, which dealt with statistics on one hand, and technical objects’ way of living on the other hand. The co-production of markets and environment(s) appeared finally as a pragmatic of the “less evil”, which left minimal compromise as for the possibility of an ecological ethics of the Sphere of producing
Harribey, Jean-Marie. "Développement soutenable et réduction du temps de travail : analyse critique appliquée au cas de la France." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010042.
Full textAt the end of the 20 th century, economic development encounters ecological and social limits. In a first part we present the elements of methodological criticism that are needed to understand the development crisis. We focus the analysis of technique, economic rationality and value with a view to examining social relations. In a second part we show that the problems of sustainability are placed in an alternative. On the one hand, the approach of environmental economy consists in internalizing the negative externalities : it leads to constantly extend the field of trade activities. On the other hand, sustainability is characterized by the insertion of economy in the biosphere with the prospect of the reproduction of living beings and systems. We propose a typology of the approaches of sustainable development focusing on the notions of value, and we show that the ambiguity of the concept of sustainable development lies in the fact that it considers economic growth as a universal and permanent condition necessary to the improvement of welfare. In a third part, we try to link a qualitative sustainable development with productivity gains to be used to reduce working time and to give each one a job. Such a strategy is based on three principles : responsibility, solidarity and saving. We develop a model for the reduction of inequalities so as to derive the means to fund job creation necessary to cut down unemployment in france
Roux, Guilhem. "Les théories modernes de la justice face au défi du développement durable : un essai de philosophie économique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10055/document.
Full textThree models of governance are actually dominating the contemporary research devoted to the environmental policies: a liberal model, which is founded on the auto regulatory processes of the market and the capacities of technical progress fostered by the regime of free enterprise ; an utilitarian model, which is based on the economic calculation of a social engineer, intervening on markets by enforcing taxes and quotas; a deliberative democracy model, which lies on the ability of common pool management by the populations, using deliberative mechanisms. Thus, what have been applied by now to the ecological stake are the theories of justice (liberalism, utilitarianism and deliberative democracy) and the institutions framework (the market, the central administration, the forum), coming for the Enlightenments. This works propose to examine if these models of governance are really adapted to the peculiarity of the sustainable development objective. We have first restored the fundamental axioms of these technics of government, in order to confront them, in a second time, to the specific problems raised by the ecological crisis. We show that those political paradigms have great difficulties to integrate the particular dimensions of sustainability, that is the preservation of the natural environment, the equity toward future generations, in our present context of a global industrial economy. This thesis exhibit the main concrete obstacle to the efficiency of the strategies of governance imagined so far and prepare us to create ones
Ella, Ondo Thierry. "Les estuaires du Cameroun et du Gabon : étude de géographie portuaire dans la logique du développement durable." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3008.
Full textThe estuaries of Komo and Wouri provide nautical conditions which are favorable for port and sea activities. Those estuaries are areas which are environmentally sensive because of the wealth of their fauna and flora, their human activities and the occupation of their shores. The conception of port structures and their positioning on shore offshore are guided by physical and socio-economic studies. At Owendo, open structures are built or piles to avert silting up and to take advantage of depths near the shores. At Douala, structures are fixed toward the bottom of the open sea of Wouri. Their specialized structures overcome the constraints related to raw materials processing. These ports are routing national goods and those of landlocked countries and are organizing port procedures. But the problems of international sea transport network restrict goods dispatching. Authorities begin to globally define them. They are mobilising all the actors for the purpose of port promotion and are adopting global plans reforming the sector and reinforcing road transports and port structures. Those planned project will guarantee port activities and meet the needs of national and regional economies. They have several positive impacts on port activities and these of hinterlands, but few negative impacts on the environment. Sector-based management of environment problems is inefficient, only integrated coastal zone management can resolve them on a long-term basis and permit a sustainable port development
Dinca, Cristian-Florian. "Evaluation environnementale et technico-économique du cycle de vie de la combustion du gaz naturel et propositions d'améliorations techniques." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0102/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis report is structured in three parts. The first part consists to analyze the environmental impacts of natural gas life cycle, from extraction until utilization in order to produce electrical and thermal energy. The main purpose of this part is to identify the strong and the weak points for each stage of natural gas life cycle to improve the global environmental impact. Also, the main pollutants produced can be identified for each stage of natural gas and stages which have the most significant environmental impact. In the second part, seven scenarios of electrical and thermal energy production from natural gas are compared according to technical, economical and environmental criteria : six cogeneration scenarios (1- a bleeder condensation steam turbine; 2- a back pressure steam turbine; 3- a gas turbine with heat recovery and without post combustion; 4- a gas turbine with heat recovery and post combustion; 5- a thermal engine with heat recovery and without post combustion; 6- a combined cycle power plant) and one scenario for separated production of electricity and thermal energy. We identified the most compatible energetically solution with the Sustainable Development principle, in the Romanian context, according to our technical, economical and environmental criteria, by using a multicriteria method and a program made with the help of DELPHI software. At the end, in the third part it was studied two methods to reduce NOx emissions in the natural gas combustion stage. The first method consists in the reduction of NOx emissions using flue gas recirculation. The second method uses ammonia injection in different points of the furnace in order to reduce the NOx emissions. In both methods the reduction of NOx emissions was experimentally accentuated and quantified
Gouilliard, Sylvain. "Information formelle et informelle et gestion du risque économique dans le secteur de l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30062.
Full textThe recycling and recovery economy stands today at the core of sustainable development. A 1000-year activity, recycling and recovery are today facing new imperatives which are marked by economic risk taking. The management of such risks generates margins and profits; it is therefore significant to identify them. Formal information - associated to risks - enables us to identify indicators susceptible to generate those risks. The company can then cope with the implications of those indicators variations, through insurance operations, such as externalization or any other aiming at dissolving the risk. Furthermore, some risks occur through informal information. The Nimby syndrome must be managed as early as possible, so as to limit the damage and costs. The company will act in the framework of sustainable development. Having thus limited the economical risks arising from formal information, anticipated the risks coming from informal information, the company will maximise its profits