Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement économique – Effets de l'inflation'
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Shajari, Parastoo. "Ajustement avec croissance : les enseignements du modèle intégré FMI-Banque mondiale en matière de politique économique dans le cas de quelques pays de la région MENA et de la Méditerranée." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0005.
Full textThe IMF and the World Bank began the implementation of structural adjustment programs in 80s to help countries affected by economic crises and achieve objectives such as restoration of balance of payments, controlling inflation and growth. The aim of this thesis is to study the method of macroeconomic analysis which accentuate on the programs advocated by the IMF and the World Bank from the model known as the "Integrated Model IMF-World Bank". The purpose of this research is to make a comprehensive assessment of the applicability of this model to analyse the performance of adjustment programs in the case of six countries in the Mediterranean and MENA region, namely, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey during the 1974-2004 period. Then we analyze the effects of the different policies on the different targets variables
Tshimanga, Kabutakapua Philippe. "Politique monétaire de ciblage d'inflation : une analyse comparative parmi les marchés émergents de l'Amérique latine." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131016.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the fundamental theory of the monetary policy of inflation targeting and its adoption by the emergent countries of the Latin America and, particularly by Brazil. The transmission system of the monetary policy under this policy privileges the practice of high interest rates which are counterproductive and stimulates the economy of the shareholders. Under the inspiration of the Post Keynesian theory, interest rates are regarded as a distributive variable and must be maintained on bottom grades not to support the economy of the shareholders but for to encourage the production and for consequence the economic growth. After several years of the adoption of this monetary policy by Brazil, the growth is maintained poor on average and the international insertion of the country directed more and more towards the industry of weak and average technology in comparison with other emergent countries. In spite of the improvement of the indicators and fundamental macroeconomic in Brazil, the practice of high real interest rates always remains to “rendez-vous”. The empirical results obtained in this thesis show that the fundamental ones are not determining differential of interest rates of Brazil compared to the international rates
Guloglu, Bulent. "Effets du développement du secteur financier sur la croissance économique." Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA122009.
Full textGhabri, Salah. "Les processuis de formation des anticipations des ménages : une analyse à partir des panels des enquêtes de conjoncture de l'INSEE (1972-1994)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010064.
Full textNaqvi, Bushra. "Essais sur le ciblage de l'inflation : un choix optimal pour les banques centrales asiatiques." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010007.
Full textAlkazraji, Thouria. "Le pétrole et le modèle du développement irakien : les effets économiques et spatiaux." Montpellier 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON30024.
Full textIraq or mesopotamia as it was named before, owes much of its modern development to oil, as it has owed its very life since the dawn of human civilizations, in the days of the terraced gardens, to its two rivers, tigris and euphrates. As a matter of fact, iraq, since oil has been discovered, and more particularly, since its hydrocarbures have been nationalized in 1972, has met important transformations at the socio-economic level. Thanks to these transformations due to productive capacities and oil stocks, iraq has been able to carry out its economic development. Nevertheless, this multilateral development has not had a less important impact upon the social aspects (demography, emigration, urbanization, way of life, family life and structure etc. . . ) these are the points this research paper aims to bring out, even if the study is limited to the year 1980, when the iraq-iran war broke out. Iraq will certainly take up the period prior to 1980 again, as far as its development is concerned
N’Gapele, Coulibaly Martin. "Mesure des effets de la formation sur l'évolution économique et sociale de l’Afrique centrale." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090001.
Full textThe effect of the quantitative analysis of information on economic and social evolution of Central Africa gives us the technological strategic of economical development of these countries which are mixed up in under developing countries. The most frail of time is making up lost time and wrest from economic structure from the waning. The exist economical structure destroyed by the aberration of management of the unskilled persons into are deficient of knowledge. Now it is necessary to educate the people with proper knowledge which will be useful for the country and this can take off these countries in a bright way within a very short time
Reif, Xavier. "Croissance et diffusion internationale de l'innovation : le cas de l'Asie en développement rapide." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090044.
Full textMijiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. "Institutions et développement : analyse des effets macroéconomiques des institutions et de réformes institutionnelles dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/49/05/PDF/These_Abdoul_MIJIYAWA.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the economic analysis of institutions. In the recent years, many studies have showed that weak institutions in developing countries are one of the deep causes of their poor economic performances. While the need of institutional reforms in developing countries seems to raise consensus, the literature rarely takes into account the costs related to the improvement in the quality of institutions. In addition, improving the quality of institutions may induce costs in the short run whereas benefits will show themselves in the long run. The lag between the costs and benefits of better institutional quality may thus reduce developing countries’ incentives to reform their institutions. Moreover, the literature tackles few, the question of factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. This dissertation attempts to provide clarifications on these points and has two main objectives. The first bjective is to analyse the rationale of the choice of a strategy of economic development based on institutional reform in developing countries. In other words, in spite of the delay in the positive effect of institutional quality improvement, the dissertation seeks to know whether it is economically justified to reform institutions in developing countries. The second objective is to analyse factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. The main results of empirical analyses using data covering the period 1960-2005 confirm that, it is better for developing countries to choose a strategy of economic development based on the reform of their institutions. Likewise, this dissertation shows that an effective combination of internal factors -the existence in developing countries of effective institutions of constraints on the executive- and external factors -FDI inflows in developing countries- are likely to facilitate the reform of private property rights institutions in developing countries. Indeed, our empirical analyses show that: (1) An improvement in the quality of democratic institutions, property rights institutions and regulatory institutions in particular, are favourable to economic growth sustainability in developing countries. (2) The improvement in the quality of institutions induces costs in the short run and benefits in the long run, however, the long run benefits might outweigh the short run costs. We highlight this result through a comparison of the short and the long run effects of democratic institutions on economic growth in developing countries. (3) The probability of reforming private property rights institutions increases with FDI inflows in developing countries endowed with effective institutions of constraints on the executive
Massengo, Gualbert-Brice. "L'économie pétrolière du Congo : les effets pervers de la monoressource économique dans les pays en développement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10050.
Full textAli, Fatma Hussein. "Les effets des lois de la réforme agraire sur le développement agricole en Irak." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10073.
Full textPautrel, Xavier. "Biens d'équipement, progrès technique et croissance : théorie et application dans les économies semi-industrialisées." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010019.
Full textThis thesis studies the specificity of technical progress in semi-indutrialized countries (South-East Asia and Latin America), and the role of equipment goods in their technological development. The purpose of the innovation process in semi-indutrialized countries is to solve problems in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, this sector is the central one, and relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector is the base of the dynamics of technical progress. Equipment goods, by their use in the manufacturing sector, create new knowledge about the manufacturing process, and therefore, through relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector, favour innovation activities and growth. The learning arising from the use of equipement goods also favours the acquisition of technical skill. This human capital accumulation from training on the job changes the agents' decision for schooling. Therefore, economies with low rate of enrollement may experience high rates of growth, because agents prefer to accumulate hman capital in training on the job, rather schooling. In semi-industrialized countries, knowledge is rival, therefore technical diffusion is made mainly through imports of equipements. The more produce are foreign equipments, related to domestic equipements, the higher are benefits from those imports. So, it is better to import equipements from economies with a high technical gap related to the domestic economy. Nevertheless, if the domestic economy has not enough human capital, positive effects due to equipements imports are offseted by negative ones due to the cost of adapting foreign equipements to local condition of production. So, trade policy must be accompanied by a domestic technological development in order to imports of equipement goods are positive for growth
Decanini, Fabrice. "Le nouvel ordre commercial et financier japonais." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D004.
Full textA long time isolated from the rest of the world,trade, handicraft & rice exchange flourished in a feudal Japan, ruled by the Shôgun, Lords & their faithful Bushi. But, since the arrival of the Black Ships in 1853 & the opening of the country, Japan introduces western sciences & technologies, modernizes its economic Order. After 1945, the Archipel democratized its government, dismantled its zaibatsu, focusing on quality & excellence, under visionary technocrats & managers. 1986, Japan-122 million inhabitants-ranks 2d in economic terms. Since 1984,the Renewal:One restructures the economy,while keeping ahead thanks to microelectronics,robots,IT&the Digital Boom. #Behind laws,economics & spiritualities, the spirit of the Bushi, arching his lightening sword, remained a leading figure of the japanese history. Japan turned its weaknesses into a decisive advantage thanks to elaborate industrial strategies. Since 1945 August the 6th&9th, Japan has defended the Human Security & a peaceful World Order without mass destruction weapon
Jacquinot, Philippe. "La courbe des taux d'intérêt, révélateur prévisionnel des cycles économiques." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020051.
Full textData useful for forecasting growth and inflation can lie at the heart of the yield curve. The purpose of this research is to identify its characteristics, origins and conditions for existence, and to assess its usefulness as an economic forecasting tool. This study covers the american, german, french and u. K. Economies from 1970 until 1994. The theoretical context chosen is an economy affected by a variety of shocks (inflation, changes in preferences of the monetary authorities, productivity, consumption and investment). These initiate closely-related cycles affecting the yield curve, output and prices. Within this framework, attention focuses on the factors of monetary policy, as well as the latter's effects (traditional channel and credit channel). The approach followed is successively deductive, from theoretical principles to statistical data, and inductive. The specific theory of intertemporal income smoothing is assessed separetely. The data for forecasting purposes are extracted using vector error correction models (vecms). The resulting performance are compared with those of the oecd, thus showing the attraction, in economic forecasting terms, of applying this model -the specifications of which we have striven to optimise- to the data recorded in the yield curve
Park, Kyung-Suk. "Effets de l'intégration économique régionale sur la croissance : le cas de l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010049.
Full textGuerroui, Fadila. "La politique de promotion des exportations et ses effets sur la croissance économique : cas des nouveaux pays industriels." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020205.
Full textThis research subject is centred on factors which play an important part in the interaction between economic growth and international exchanges. It concerns countries where this interaction is more evident. The principal elements of this study are, one the one hand, the growth of the product which is an indicator of economic development and, on the other hand, the exports which are the "generators" of economic growth. Among countries which had developed their exports, the newly industrialized nations stand out because the structure of their external trade are modified due to industrial progress. The effects of export growth on economic expansion in different countries are analysed by the regression method. The empirical results indicate a strong correlation between these two variables showing that the promotion of exports is accompanied by an increase of the product. The argument of this study shows that export promotion depends on specific conditions of these countries and its international environment. The examination of internal factors which allow this observation explains the economic performance of these countries during the seventies. The evolution of these factors which determine this extravert industrialization model has however limited the advancement of these nations. Further more, the recent developments in world economy have affected the growth of their exports. In order to redress this present situation, this thesis proposes, in its last part, some world and regional answers whih favour the liberalization of international exchanges and the economic world growth
Creti-Bettoni, Anna. "Réseaux, innovations et croissance." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10040.
Full textThis thesis analyses the impact of telecommunications on firms' productivity and organisation. The study is articulated around two research topics: one is mainly interested in micro-economic aspects (the theory of production and firms' organisation), while the second analyses a subject closer to macro-economic modelling (the technological progress). The thesis is composed by three principal papers: the first defines the starting point of my theoretical reflection, i. E. The modelling of the externalities of networks in the function of production; the second article analyses the relation between use of technologies of communication and firms' hierarchical organisation; finally, the third article studies the impact of telecommunications on total factor productivity and technical progress. These three papers are introduced by a review of the literature, describing the existing models on the principal topics we analyse. This review of the literature is organised in two parts. The first part focuses mainly on the competition models on firms offering goods likely to present the network externality effect; i. E. The additional value that a new subscriber brings to the community of the already existing subscribers. The second part analyses the literature on technological progress, and the most recent models on telecommunications infrastructure and growth. Two econometric works, one on telecommunications demand by firms, and the other on telecommunications and French national growth, are also presented as an illustration of the problems analysed, respectively, by the first and the second part of the thesis. Our thesis shows that the impact of telecommunications on the economy can be better analysed and measured at the micro-economic level than at the macro-economic level. The analysis of this missing link; is an interesting subject for further research
Al-Qahiri, Mohamed. "Le développement du Yemen : rôle du progrès technique et de la décentralisation." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10049.
Full textNyssen, Jules. "Le modèle de croissance endogène avec microéconomie de l'innovation : un bon instrument pour l'analyse économique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX24003.
Full textThis thesis takes place within the endogenous growth theories frameworks. Its object is a particular model that we call endogenous growth model with microeconomics of innovation because this model provides a detailed analysis of the individual determinants of investment. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that such a model may constitute a good instrument for economic analysis, in part because it integrates some microeconomic explanations into a macro-analysis. In order to demonstrate this, the thesis is organised in six chapters. Chapters 1 is the general introduction. It recalls the main ideas of the schumpeterian analysis of the innovation process and defines the methodological framework of out work. Chapter 2 is devoted to the genesis of the endogenous growth theories and sheds light on the fundamental law that lies as the heart of all the growth models from this category. Chapter 3 provides a very detailed analysis of the model with microeconomic of innovation and exhibits both its richness and some of its weaknesses. Chapter 4 and 5 are each one an application of this kind of models to a given economic problem. Chapter 4 is devoted to the relationship between growth and unemployment. It sheds light on the new explanations that this model may provide about the longrun links between technical progress and employment. Chapter 5 focuses on the effects of patents lifetime on the rate of innovation and growth. Chapter 6 constitutes the general conclusion. IIt allows us to examine critically the previous conclusions, to evaluate the real of Schumpeter's work that has been integrated into the new theories, and lastly to draw some new research lines that all try to take better into account the innovation process within the analysis of growth
Ferchichi, Rania. "Etude évaluative des effets induits des opérations de fusions-acquisitions opérées en Tunisie." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2012_ferchichi.pdf.
Full textThis thesis provides a detailed analysis of M&A in Tunisia by identifying their motivations and assessing their impact on firms. In a first step, the research is to develop an M&A database on the period 1980 to 2009. Statistics shows that M&A has accelerated since 1995. They are more common in the industry and occur mainly in Grand Tunis and coastal regions. They are mostly horizontal and realized between firms in the same sector. Finally, they are a means for large firms to grow by acquiring SMEs. The second step was to conduct a survey of managers of the database about M&A motivations and performance. The results show that the main motivations for M&A are economies of scope and synergies, improving the profitability of the new combined entities and tax savings. Finally, the evaluation of M&A transactions performance is based on two approaches : the economic and accounting ratio approach and the financial approach, using event studies. It turns out that the M&A have no significant effect on economic and accounting firms’ performance. However, the financial approach shows significant decreases in cumulative abnormal returns for the entire sample, for acquiring firms and targets
Szajt, Marek. "Analyse de l'innovation technologique : une application à l'économie polonaise : analyse statitisque et économétrique." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/szajt_m_notice.
Full textThe dissertation consists of two parts. The first part concerns the problems of innovation and economic growth. The importance of National Innovation System that operates in Western Europe was emphasized. The condition of the research and development (R&D) sector in Poland was also described. In the empirical part, a statistical analysis of gross expenditures on R&D (GERD) and the employment in the R&D sector was carried out. Then econometrical models of innovative were created. The results obtained confirmed the following hypotheses: there is a long term correlation between economic growth and innovative activity; a country's innovative potential is determined by R&D researchers and GERD; innovative activity in the European OECD countries depends on the same factors, but its current level depends on factors typical of a country. The econometric methods presented in the dissertation might be helpful in planning a long-term innovative policy of a country
Bouabid, Abderrazak. "Les effets des dépenses militaires sur l'activité économique des pays du tiers-monde : l'exemple marocain." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090109.
Full textQuang, Thérèse. "Intégration financière et croissance des pays en développement : seuils et effets de composition des flux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100117.
Full textOver the last decades, intensification of the financial globalization process has inevitably drawn the attention of economists and policymakers on the actual macroeconomic implications of unfettered capital flows. In particular, their real benefits for long-term economic growth in developing countries remain highly controversial. Although capital flows are presumably beneficial for receiving countries as they gain access to cheaper financing, the history of international financial integration (IFI) has been neither smooth nor risk-free. Surges in capital flows can pose critical challenges for developing economies with limited policy tools to address economic shocks. This thesis focuses on this IFI-growth nexus. It relies on recent research hypotheses highlighted in the literature to study the particular conditions under which financial openness leads to favourable outcomes. First, liberalizing the capital account implies a cost-benefit trade-off, which needs to be analysed outside the purview of standard models’ straitjacket. In particular, pre-existing distortions and market failures can interact negatively with capital flows, resulting in welfare loss. Second, capital flows are subject to a composition effect; they exhibit diverse volatility and risk properties and can actuate different growth outcomes
Majiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. "INSTITUTIONS ET DÉVELOPPEMENT : ANALYSE DES EFFETS MACROÉCONOMIQUES DES INSTITUTIONS ET DE RÉFORMES INSTITUTIONNELLES DANS LES PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484905.
Full textVERICEL, JEAN-MARC. "Technologie et milieu naturel : bilan critique des apports de l'économie et de l'écologie : quelles convergences entre les disciplines ?" Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22012.
Full textWe have decided to take seriously the ecologists' warning : the great bio-geochemical cycles are so disturbed that they eventually call into question the existence of man on earth. For the economist who is interested in production, it amounts to consider critically the technical and scientific development which is now "spreading out" on a planetary scale. Only an overall approach would permit to view the importance of this phenomenon which concerns the relation between man an nature, and man as a cultural being. It is through the convergence of economics and ecology that we have tried to show the "evolution" of those two subjects in a more "operational" direction - as D. Janicaud would say. The logic of the technical development-which cannot be regarded as neutral but as bearing the "cartesian" plan of the domination of nature-can be enhanced by ontological and phenomenological approach. However, it doesn't imply that one should become a technophobe. To swerve from the "apories" of the splitting of object and subject, without falling into "naturalism" or "positivism", is the stake of the search for a unified approach in a human perspective, of the relation between man and nature, with a view to understand and control the global pollutions. The examination of the so called "alternative" theories in the ecological field, reveals
Abidi, Abdelhamid. "Traditions culturelles et stratégie économique : le cas de l'huile d'olive en Tunisie." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3010.
Full textThis liberalization process in which the Tunisian economy is involved, include all sectors of activity and especially the olive-oil sector. But this one overlaps largely the economic sphere. The whole production craft mode who's dominating the sector is threatened. The craftsmen are henceforth exposed to the liberal market logics which makes them give up their know-how closely linked to the production techniques they controlled. The questioning about the profitability of the craft method of production goes along with a dwindling of the ancient trade association. Within an economy inserted in the globalization, a new type of contractors is emerging and competing with the previous millers who are adopting different strategies in accordance with their positions and their individual interests. The technical change shapes the social relationships and the symbolic value of olive-oil who is deeply rooted in the social and technical local culture. Technique, culture and society reveal through this process of change, the complexity of their unity
Kpodar, Kangni. "Développement financier, instabilité financière et croissance économique : implications pour la réduction de la pauvreté." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119136.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux raisons pouvant expliquer les résultats ambigus des études appliquées sur le lien entre le développement financier et la croissance. En premier lieu, nous considérons que le développement financier risque d'être simultanément une source d'instabilité financière de telle sorte que l'effet bénéfique du développement financier sur la croissance soit amoindri ; il nous paraît donc indispensable de prendre en compte ce lien entre le développement financier et l'instabilité financière pour pouvoir véritablement apprécier la contribution du développement financier à la croissance. En second lieu, nous considérons l'existence d'effets de seuil dans la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance. En effet, il se peut qu'il existe un seuil minimum de développement économique en dessous duquel le développement financier n'a pas d'impact significatif sur la croissance, principalement à cause de la faiblesse de l'épargne et de la rentabilité des investissements. Par ailleurs, étant donné que la littérature économique s'est beaucoup consacrée à la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance, et très peu à la relation entre le développement financier et la réduction de la pauvreté, nous nous sommes également intéressés à l'impact spécifique que le développement financier peut avoir sur la réduction de la pauvreté au-delà de son effet indirect qui passe par la croissance.
L'analyse économétrique effectuée sur un panel de pays en développement avec des données quinquennales sur la période 1966-2000 nous a permis de mettre en évidence une relation positive entre le niveau de développement financier et celui de l'instabilité financière ; en particulier, l'instabilité du niveau de développement financier et l'occurrence de crises bancaires s'accroissent avec le développement du système financier. Les résultats montrent également que l'instabilité financière a un effet négatif sur la croissance économique et qu'elle réduit l'impact favorable du développement financier sur la croissance sans toutefois l'annuler. Par ailleurs, il ressort de notre analyse que pour les pays dont le niveau de PIB par tête est inférieur à un seuil de 2560 dollars, le développement financier ne semble pas avoir d'impact significatif sur la croissance. L'existence des effets de seuil et la prise en compte de l'instabilité financière dans la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance constituent des hypothèses complémentaires permettant d'expliquer les résultats ambigus des études appliquées sur le lien entre le développement financier et la croissance. Enfin, notre analyse montre également qu'en plus de son effet à travers la croissance, le développement financier favorise la réduction de la pauvreté principalement grâce à l'effet de conduit du capital de McKinnon (1973), l'accès aux dépôts profitent plus aux pauvres que l'accès aux crédits.
Musolesi, Antonio. "Innovation, R & D et productivité : Analyse théorique et empirique sur données de panel macroéconomiques dans le cas de seize pays de l'OCDE et sur données d'entreprises dans le cas des activités de service en France." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0046.
Full textThat innovation and diffusion of technology drives long run productivity growth is by now commonly accepted. The crucial question is how. At the macroeconomic level, following an influential literature, we try to determine if trade promotes knowledge flows and technology transmission between trading partners. We obtain mixed results. At the microeconomic level, we analyse how knowledge diffusion, innovation and productivity are related both in a static, both in a dynamic framework.
Nguyen, Tu Anh. "Sources de la croissance économique : capital matériel, capital humain, ressources naturelles et PTF." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010029.
Full textLe, Naëlou Anne. "Les Effets des politiques de développement à l'égard des pays du Tiers Monde sur la construction d'une identité de la Communauté économique européenne." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0060.
Full textThe external definition of the european comunity,'s identity resulting from a convergence of eec technical action and will in development policies, the aspirations of development countries and the international image of the eec, has had an impact on europe's internal identity. The present work reflects on the different types of reciprocity experienced between the european economic comunity, "associated" countries and the countries of asia and latin america through these types of reciprocity, it analyses the ensuing internal modifications of europe's identity as well as the consequent political organisation of the developing countries
Laperche, Blandine. "Appropriabilité de l'information scientifique et technique, innovation et normalisation des techniques de production." Littoral, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DUNK0011.
Full textScientific and technical information is an organized system of knowledge, learning and know-how. It is the principal input of production of material or immaterial goods. As a production means, it crystallizes the capitalist relations in which it has been built. Scientific and technical information cannot be, therefore, considered as a public good, freely distributed ; its appropriation is carried out by the work necessary for its formation, in the sphere of production. The capitalist competition, which requires the constant renewal of production means, is at the origin, within national systems of innovation, of the combination of informations in information pools systematically integrated in production processes. The erratic succession of periods of growth and crisis, during the long waves of accumulation multiplies, for big firms, the methods appropriation of informations and limits the access to the externalities produced by technological innovation. In the actual context of global technical competition, firms organized themselves in networks which make easier the appropriation and the protection of scientific and technical informations nodal to production processes. The standardization, upstream the production, of production techniques and informational pools, gives, for innovative firms, monopolistic rents reinvested, in function of opportunities of profits, in processes of knowledge accumulation. This process leads to the diffusion of protected informational pools and the correspondant methods of work. This diffusion of protected informational pools is, in industrialized countries, at the origin of industrial and salarial stratifications for the benefit of the most competitive firms and the most qualified workers. The countries which have weak national systems of innovation bump into the important cost of information appropriation and endogeneisation of these standards
Bouvet, Patrice. "Monnaie, politiques anti-inflationnistes et chômage : les politiques anti-inflationnistes peuvent-elles s'opposer au développement des chômages?" Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE016.
Full textMost of the usual explanations about the increase in the level of prices are based on one main idea: the disparity between global supply and demand. If we rely on a strictly endogenous notion of banking currencies, it is therefore possible to prove that, on one hand, inflation can be defined as a "swelling" phenomenon and not as an unbalanced phenomenon, and that, on the other hand, the level of unemployment is not linked to the agents' behaviour. Confident in these remarks, this thesis aims to prove that a negative answer has to be given to the following question: can anti-inflationary politics be opposed to the development of unemployment? The first part of this composition introduces quickly the traditional explanations of price increase and then tries to go beyond them by demonstrating that in our economics, supply and demand are terms of an identity. The second part of this thesis analyses the objectives, the instruments and the results of common politics fighting against the increase in the level of prices (monetary politics, incomes politics, prices politics). Finally, the third part demonstrates that structural unemployment and inflation (defined as a swelling phenomenon) have the same origin, and that therefore, the inefficiency of the traditional anti-inflationary politics in fighting against inflation infers their difficulty as far as structural unemployment is concerned
Sy, Adama. "Éducation et développement : la formation et l'entrepreneurship au Mali." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29154.
Full textLossio-Baudin, de la Valette Claudia. "L'investissement direct étranger à Cuba : dynamiques de développement dans un système socialiste contraint de s'appuyer sur les lois du marché." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020002.
Full textAutant-Bernard, Corinne. "Géographie de l'innovation et externalités locales de connaissance : une étude sur données françaises." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT059.
Full textRochet, Claude. "L'innovation, une affaire d'Etat? : piloter la réforme face à la troisième révolution industrielle." Phd thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00070834.
Full textThe main hypothesis of this research relies on the discrepancy between the evolution of the state and that of the other components of the socio-economic system as a factor of nations competitiveness. By adopting an evolutionist and historical perspective, the state is analyzed as an actor of the nations' evolution in their ability to absorb technological progress. The framework relies on the northian distinction between organizations and institutions, focusing on innovation's dynamics within public institutions and organizations. Both are analyzed as adaptive systems co-evolving in two temporal dimensions: the braudelian long-term since the Renaissance, and the present short-term of the information technologies revolution. The first part focuses on innovation as a socio-economic process stepping from disruption to continuities. Chapter I put in perspective the evolution of the state and of the technology. Chapter II analyzes what is at stake with the information technologies revolution. Chapter III assesses the role of the state and its evolution in the history of Great Britain and the US. The second part studies what are the possibilities for the state to get transformed (chapter I) drawing on an assessment on the New Public Management movement. The analyze goes on organizations (chapter II) through a comparison between cases of organizational transformation in France and in the US. A compared analysis between the ongoing institutional change in the budgetary framework in France and Canada allows to assess how to link institutional and organizational transformation. As a conclusion, the steering of such a reform appear to be socially feasible and technically mature, but suffers from a lag of evolution at the institutional level where politicians and mainstreams ideas dally in integrating the parameters of the third industrial revolution paradigm
Quélin, Bertrand. "Changement technologique et diffusion des innovations : analyse du processus de diffusion de l'électronique et de l'informatique." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131004.
Full textThis thesis can be read as a theoretical analysis of the patterns of technical change in modern economies with an illustrative case study on electronic and data processing industries. A general theoretical task is the explanation of the determinants and directions of technical change. Because innovation and technical progress create industrial transformation and economic development, innovation diffusion, based on time and progressiveness, is an important theoretical concept. We have to go beyond the assumptions of schumpeterian analysis : innovation diffusion can't be limited to imitation, no technical change based on long waves. The thesis studies the main mecanisms of the innovation transmission, and analyses the fact that some sectors are generators of technology. External effects, leading activities and domination effects shape the direction of technological flows between sectors. These economic phenomenous are the main determinants of innovation diffusion. The diffusion pattern is subject to linkages between state, industrial corporatcs and small enterprises. The four main mecanisms of innovation diffusion are : -linkages between economic structures; -external effects; -joint-ventures; -and conflict between implicit coordination of market and explicit coordination generated by firms
Le, Guen Tanguy. "Les barrages du Nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire : développement socio-économique et état sanitaire des populations." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES1010.
Full textThe northern region of Ivory Coast, which has a varied climate of the sudanese type and a rural population density that is on the average small (with the exception of the surroundings of Korhogo), has, since 1960, seen the creation in the low-lying areas of 269 dams for the use of animal raising and 19 others for the irrigation of rice fields and for truck gardening purposes. The customary form of farming of the Senoufos of northern Ivory Coast, has been radically transformed with the use of hydro agricultural dams for the development of irrigated rice growing and agricultural pastoral dams for truck gardening. The presence of permanent waters has generally been appreciated in villages where people have seen their living conditions been improved. Facing the multi-purpose of these dams leading to a raise in the contacts between human and water, the risk to see some water diseases appear or reappear is getting more and more serious, especially for schistosomiasis. Surveys conducted on the inhabitants of 10 villages have allowed to realize that the risks of schistosomiasis development linbed to the new water conditions were still relatively weak in the North of Ivory Coast but vigilance was still necessary
Pillot, Julien. "Les critères d'activation de la théorie des facilités essentielles : une analyse économique de la pratique décisionnelle des autorités de concurrence." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0046.
Full textOpenly introduced in European competition law during the early 1990s, the Essential Facilities Doctrine is a legal doctrine whose application is highly debated amongst economists. In giving antitrust authorities a chance to challenge property rights in order to promote competition, its enforcement shall not be neutral with respect to private incentive to invest and innovate. While seeking for consistency in competition authorities’ decisional practice, this PhD dissertation aims at reducing uncertainties flowing from the very application of the rule. Related theoretical debates are spotlighted through an economic analysis of the French competition authority’s case-law
Asghari, Poudeh Maryam. "Analyse des effets de la libéralisation des échanges économiques internationaux sur l'environnement : le cas des relations entre les blocs régionaux de l'UE, des pays Mediterranées (sic) en développement et du golfe persique." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0008.
Full textThe linkage between international trade and the environment has become an important policy issue in the last few years. The objective of this thesis is the examination of liberalization trade effect on the environment, pollution haven hypothesis, Porter hypothesis and the factor endowments hypothesis. Our results show that: The commercial liberalization leads to the decrease in CO2 pollution in Persian Golf-EU region, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in Persian golf, Mediterranean and Persian Golf-EU regions. Also it decreases FC pollution in Persian Golf region, Mediterranean, Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions. Commercial liberalization increase the CO2 pollution in Persian Golf region and EU-Mediterranean regions, it leads also the increase in BOD pollution in EU and Persian Golf-EU regions, and FC pollution in EU region. Our results confirm the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for the CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions, and for FC pollution in in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region but our results reject the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region. We have not any robust empirical evidences to refuse or confirm this hypothesis for BOD and FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of EU-Mediterranean region. We empirically reject the « Porter hypothesis » for CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. This study confirms the « Porter hypothesis » for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. In addition, it confirms this hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. We couldn’t obtain significant results to confirm or reject Porter Hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region and for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. Our results show the confirmation of « factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Mediterranean region. Moreover we confirm this hypothesis for BOD pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions. The empirical results refuse «factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions, for BOD pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Persian Golf and EU regions
Andrés, Ruiz Carles de. "Energie éolienne et développement local : étude comparée sur les effets socio-économiques et territoriaux des parcs éoliens dans les espaces ruraux défavorisés de l'Europe." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO2016.
Full textAmetepe, Kossi Fofo Senyo. "Transformations familiales et contribution économique des femmes : effets sur les rapports de genre dans les familles togolaises face à la crise." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100023.
Full textIn contrast of other sub-Saharan African societies, in Togolese society women activity are more valorised or sometimes demanded and women contribute highly in household expenditures. 'Me socio-economics crisis held in Togo sine the last decades, have questioning the men economic's capacity in the household. In the same time, women trought differents strategies as pluriactivity grew their economic autonomy and became in several households the main responsible of expenditures. Furthermore, marital patterns change and show that women have more autonomyto choice their husband. This context offers an opportinuity for women to have more power in décisions making or to participate in importants decisions in the household. This situation has analysed throught the complex gender relationships in the couples with family structure datasets and longiditunal data. One of the particularity of this research is the use of couple as statistic unit along the analysis. Matrimonial patterns affect few women's responsibilities in the couples. On the other hand, women's economic contribution are important to access for decision making in household. Active women and those who contribute more than husband, say they made more decisions. However, men don’t recognize that and then claimed all decisions. Generally, men, even the inactives, say they make decisions witch need money expenditures, and women the others decisions. The economic power is not the one key for women to have autonomy in decisions making and equalitity status in the couples
Eparvier, Patrick. "Théories de la croissance endogène et théories évolutionnistes : un exemple de concurrence théorique et empirique en sciences économiques." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/eparvier_p.
Full textWith the endogenous growth theories and the evolutionary theories, growth and technical change analysis has been facing important theoretical developments since the mid eighties. One subject shared by the two theories concerns the links between the economic growth of countries and their innovation activities. The fact that two theories deal with the same questions raises two problems. The first is a methodological one and is about the theoretical confrontation in economics, as well as the ability of the theories to explain and illustrate a certain number of stylised facts. The second is a normative one and refers to choices of policy recommendations to enhance innovation and growth. The existence of different recommendations, on the same issues, from these theories induces another level of competition. This work is a theoretical and empirical comparison of these two theories and proposes some reflections on competition of their policy recommendations
Le, Goff Richard. "Mutation informationnelle et politique territoriale : éléments de théorie des marchés et des organisations appliqués au département de la Manche (Normandie-France)." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974032.
Full textValli, Stéphane. "Changements techniques, commerce et développement. Synergies et effets contrariés : essai sur les relations Nord-Sud depuis les années soixante." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21003.
Full textEsmaeili, Hamid. "Evaluation économique de l'impact des nouvelles technologies d'information : une application à l'économie américaine." Littoral, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DUNK0078.
Full textThe birth of New Information Technologie (NIT) has changed the economic data, entailing a modification of the productivity. This study aims at making an economic evaluation of the impact of Information Technologies (IT). After a theoretical explanation aiming at including NIT within the economic thought, this research will analyse the major changes from a macroeconomic point of view. To do so, it relies on the American economic system, where Information Technologies are more developed. We will then develop two Computable General Equilibrium models : the first one studies the contribution of technological progress-IT to the American economic system between 1954-2000, pointing out the break in terms of technological progress-IT in 1974. The second model underlines the evolution of the employment market for unqualified workers and uses sensitivity and economic policies analysis to identify the most appropriate measures
Ly, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Trois essais sur les effets de la politique budgétaire dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606175.
Full textDiop, Mohamet. "Essai sur l'apport de l'économie de la connaissance sur le développement économique : état des lieux et perspectives dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1108/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the characteristics of developing countries to the knowledge economy. This work addresses issues on both theoretical and epistemological related to the knowledge economy. We proceed in a first part the analysis of existing theories on the issue of the knowledge economy by combining references to various interpretations, while putting in illustration the idea that the accumulation of knowledge is now more than ever a powerful lever for economic growth in developed economies. The second part is devoted to the study of developing countries, particularly the least developed countries. This study highlights the differing technological trajectories within these economies and allows the identification of ways of acquiring knowledge in the least developed by the establishment of a national innovation system countries
Mahfoudh, Naoufel. "La création de la zone de libre échange Tunisie-Union européenne et ses effets sur l'emploi en Tunisie : analyse théorique et analyse empirique." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0003.
Full textOur research in this thesis focused on the effects of the creation of the Free Trade Area EU-Tunisia on employment in Tunisia. We have structured our analysis on the subject around two axes. Initially, we studied the impact of trade liberalization process on the Tunisian economy, and in a second step, we studied the impact of the creation of free trade zone with the European Union on employment in Tunisia. Our research presented and discussed the theoretical and empirical literature and stylized facts on the subject. In our study we used three methodological tools. First, we studied for the case of Tunisia the effects of trade openness on economic growth. Next, we studied the effects of trade on employment in Tunisia using two methods: one method first employment content of trade and a second that uses econometric tools. Finally, we applied a computable general equilibrium model to assess the dynamic impact of free trade agreement between Tunisia and the European Union on employment in Tunisia. The main results can be summarized as follows : - Trade openness especially with the European Union has contributed positively to economic growth in Tunisia. - The Association Agreement seems to have a positive impact although moderate on employment and growth in Tunisia. - The choice of the tax reform accompanying the opening has significant effects on employment and growth. - The choice of direct taxation yields better results in terms of investment, economic growth and employment. - The effects of the creation of the Free Trade Area depends on the weight of intermediate inputs in total Tunisian imports. The tariff reduction will decrease the relatively high prices of these goods, which in turn encourages investment. The reduction of protection is equivalent to an investment promotion and production, leading to lower unemployment
Yasenzia, Yangunyo Chantal Princesse. "Structural transformation out of manufacturing : evidence of push and pull effects." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26344.
Full textThis paper examines the factors driving structural transformation, or worker reallocation, from manufacturing to services using a sample of 45 countries. As suggested by the general equilibrium model developed in this work, examining the trends in the relative price of services to manufacturing goods allows us to identify two main engines of structural transformation: a labor pull and a labor push effect. In the case of the United States, for example, the “pull” channel dominates before 1953, meaning that it is higher technological growth in services which is “pulling” workers to move out of manufacturing and into services. The “push” channel is the main engine at work since 1953, suggesting that it is instead higher technological growth in manufacturing which is “pushing” workers towards the services sector. A cross-country analysis over the 1970-2011 period also suggests periods of dominance of both channels for a handful of other countries analyzed.