Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement économique – Effets des innovations technologiques – Brésil'
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Marinho, de Oliveira Walter. "Le processus d'internationalisation des entreprises brésiliennes de software : le phénomène "born-globals" dans un pays émergent." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENG005.
Full textCompetition in the international markets has always been a matter for very large and multinational companies. However, the emergence of new technologies, the economic deregulation and globalization have opened opportunities for different players. This scenario has affected the way companies approach the international markets, sometimes in opposition to traditional models of the internationalization process. Our research exams the Brazilian software and IT services companies taking two theories into account, the Uppsala model and the Born-global model, trying to identify which firms corresponds better to one or another model and which factors make them different. Our conclusion shows that the phenomenon “born-global” is present in Brazil and that some factors really differentiate the two types of companies. Finally, based on the factors of differentiation we have found, we propose a probabilistic model of occurrence for a born-global company
Lanckriet, Edouard. "Le Système d’Innovation Technologique des agroénergies de la canne à sucre, un outil de développement durable au Brésil, quels enseignements pour la formation des politiques de développement liées au capital naturel en Afrique de l’Ouest ?" Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0013/document.
Full textIn Brazil, sugar cane is used as a raw material for the production of sugar, fuel, and electricity. This industrial model has enabled the country to build a competitive advantage on the biomass productivity of its soils. It has been promoted in Africa but the majority of African bioenergy projects have been a failure. This raises the question of the interest of the model in Brazil, of the role of bioenergy in a development strategy.The Brazilian model is a Technological Innovation System, the sugar cane TIS, which we analyze in the long term. Since the end of the 19th century, it has been structured to import, adapt and spread technologies in order to diversify sugar cane markets. The biofuel sector required the creation of an alternative technological system, financed by the State through the Proalcool Program (1975 to 1985); Created to absorb the surpluses of the sugar sector and for the energy security of the country. Public support was key in the evolution of the TIS, forged in the wake of the country's social and economic crises. The sugar cane TIS has enabled Brazil to train its human capital in the valorization of natural capital, which enables it today to experiment a new change : the agroecological conversion of the cane cultivation model, that would allow regenerating the Natural Capital soil. Based on our analysis of the Brazilian model we formulate an analysis of the factors of failure of the African jatropha biofuel projects and make a proposal for the structuring of a biofuel TIS adapted to West Africa stakes of development, which we suggest to back up to the oilseed chain
No Brasil, a cana-de-açúcar é utilizado como matéria-prima na fabricação de açúcar, combustível e eletricidade. Este modelo de negócio tem permitido ao país para transformar a produtividade de biomassa de seu solo em uma vantagem competitiva. Ele foi promovido na África, mas a maioria dos projetos de agroenergia africanos houve uma falha. Isso levanta a questão do interesse do modelo no Brasil, bem como o papel da bioenergia em uma estratégia de desenvolvimento. O modelo brasileiro é um Sistema de Inovação Tecnológica, o SIT da cana, que analisamos a longo prazo. Ele é estruturado desde o final do século XIX para importação, adaptação e difusão de tecnologias afim de diversificar os mercados de cana. O setor do etanol combustível tem necessidade de um sistema tecnologia alternativa, financiado pelo governo através do Programa Proálcool (1975-1985); ele foi criado para absorver os excedentes do sector do açúcar e para a segurança energética do país. O apoio público tem sido fundamental para a evolução do SIT, foi forjada pelas crises sociais e económicas do país. Hoje o SIT da cana-de-açúcar experimenta um modelo de produção agroecológica para o cultivo da cana, ele deveria ser capaz de regenerar o capital natural. Nossa análise do modelo brasileiro nos permite fazer uma análise dos fatores de não-sucesso dos projetos africanos de produção de biocombustível de jatropha. Nós formular uma proposta de estruturação de um SIT da agroenergia Oeste Africano adaptado às questões de desenvolvimento locais, propomos a ser associado ao setor oleaginosa
Creti-Bettoni, Anna. "Réseaux, innovations et croissance." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10040.
Full textThis thesis analyses the impact of telecommunications on firms' productivity and organisation. The study is articulated around two research topics: one is mainly interested in micro-economic aspects (the theory of production and firms' organisation), while the second analyses a subject closer to macro-economic modelling (the technological progress). The thesis is composed by three principal papers: the first defines the starting point of my theoretical reflection, i. E. The modelling of the externalities of networks in the function of production; the second article analyses the relation between use of technologies of communication and firms' hierarchical organisation; finally, the third article studies the impact of telecommunications on total factor productivity and technical progress. These three papers are introduced by a review of the literature, describing the existing models on the principal topics we analyse. This review of the literature is organised in two parts. The first part focuses mainly on the competition models on firms offering goods likely to present the network externality effect; i. E. The additional value that a new subscriber brings to the community of the already existing subscribers. The second part analyses the literature on technological progress, and the most recent models on telecommunications infrastructure and growth. Two econometric works, one on telecommunications demand by firms, and the other on telecommunications and French national growth, are also presented as an illustration of the problems analysed, respectively, by the first and the second part of the thesis. Our thesis shows that the impact of telecommunications on the economy can be better analysed and measured at the micro-economic level than at the macro-economic level. The analysis of this missing link; is an interesting subject for further research
Reif, Xavier. "Croissance et diffusion internationale de l'innovation : le cas de l'Asie en développement rapide." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090044.
Full textSzajt, Marek. "Analyse de l'innovation technologique : une application à l'économie polonaise : analyse statitisque et économétrique." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/szajt_m_notice.
Full textThe dissertation consists of two parts. The first part concerns the problems of innovation and economic growth. The importance of National Innovation System that operates in Western Europe was emphasized. The condition of the research and development (R&D) sector in Poland was also described. In the empirical part, a statistical analysis of gross expenditures on R&D (GERD) and the employment in the R&D sector was carried out. Then econometrical models of innovative were created. The results obtained confirmed the following hypotheses: there is a long term correlation between economic growth and innovative activity; a country's innovative potential is determined by R&D researchers and GERD; innovative activity in the European OECD countries depends on the same factors, but its current level depends on factors typical of a country. The econometric methods presented in the dissertation might be helpful in planning a long-term innovative policy of a country
Quélin, Bertrand. "Changement technologique et diffusion des innovations : analyse du processus de diffusion de l'électronique et de l'informatique." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131004.
Full textThis thesis can be read as a theoretical analysis of the patterns of technical change in modern economies with an illustrative case study on electronic and data processing industries. A general theoretical task is the explanation of the determinants and directions of technical change. Because innovation and technical progress create industrial transformation and economic development, innovation diffusion, based on time and progressiveness, is an important theoretical concept. We have to go beyond the assumptions of schumpeterian analysis : innovation diffusion can't be limited to imitation, no technical change based on long waves. The thesis studies the main mecanisms of the innovation transmission, and analyses the fact that some sectors are generators of technology. External effects, leading activities and domination effects shape the direction of technological flows between sectors. These economic phenomenous are the main determinants of innovation diffusion. The diffusion pattern is subject to linkages between state, industrial corporatcs and small enterprises. The four main mecanisms of innovation diffusion are : -linkages between economic structures; -external effects; -joint-ventures; -and conflict between implicit coordination of market and explicit coordination generated by firms
Pautrel, Xavier. "Biens d'équipement, progrès technique et croissance : théorie et application dans les économies semi-industrialisées." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010019.
Full textThis thesis studies the specificity of technical progress in semi-indutrialized countries (South-East Asia and Latin America), and the role of equipment goods in their technological development. The purpose of the innovation process in semi-indutrialized countries is to solve problems in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, this sector is the central one, and relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector is the base of the dynamics of technical progress. Equipment goods, by their use in the manufacturing sector, create new knowledge about the manufacturing process, and therefore, through relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector, favour innovation activities and growth. The learning arising from the use of equipement goods also favours the acquisition of technical skill. This human capital accumulation from training on the job changes the agents' decision for schooling. Therefore, economies with low rate of enrollement may experience high rates of growth, because agents prefer to accumulate hman capital in training on the job, rather schooling. In semi-industrialized countries, knowledge is rival, therefore technical diffusion is made mainly through imports of equipements. The more produce are foreign equipments, related to domestic equipements, the higher are benefits from those imports. So, it is better to import equipements from economies with a high technical gap related to the domestic economy. Nevertheless, if the domestic economy has not enough human capital, positive effects due to equipements imports are offseted by negative ones due to the cost of adapting foreign equipements to local condition of production. So, trade policy must be accompanied by a domestic technological development in order to imports of equipement goods are positive for growth
Musolesi, Antonio. "Innovation, R & D et productivité : Analyse théorique et empirique sur données de panel macroéconomiques dans le cas de seize pays de l'OCDE et sur données d'entreprises dans le cas des activités de service en France." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0046.
Full textThat innovation and diffusion of technology drives long run productivity growth is by now commonly accepted. The crucial question is how. At the macroeconomic level, following an influential literature, we try to determine if trade promotes knowledge flows and technology transmission between trading partners. We obtain mixed results. At the microeconomic level, we analyse how knowledge diffusion, innovation and productivity are related both in a static, both in a dynamic framework.
Decanini, Fabrice. "Le nouvel ordre commercial et financier japonais." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D004.
Full textA long time isolated from the rest of the world,trade, handicraft & rice exchange flourished in a feudal Japan, ruled by the Shôgun, Lords & their faithful Bushi. But, since the arrival of the Black Ships in 1853 & the opening of the country, Japan introduces western sciences & technologies, modernizes its economic Order. After 1945, the Archipel democratized its government, dismantled its zaibatsu, focusing on quality & excellence, under visionary technocrats & managers. 1986, Japan-122 million inhabitants-ranks 2d in economic terms. Since 1984,the Renewal:One restructures the economy,while keeping ahead thanks to microelectronics,robots,IT&the Digital Boom. #Behind laws,economics & spiritualities, the spirit of the Bushi, arching his lightening sword, remained a leading figure of the japanese history. Japan turned its weaknesses into a decisive advantage thanks to elaborate industrial strategies. Since 1945 August the 6th&9th, Japan has defended the Human Security & a peaceful World Order without mass destruction weapon
Do, Nascimento Décio Estevão. "Mobilisation et coordination d'un réseau socio-techno-économique dans une "nouvelle frontière"de développement industriel : L'étude de cas Tocantins-Brésil." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1332.
Full textLenfle, Sylvain. "Compétition par l'innovation et organisation de la conception dans les industries amont : le cas d'Usinor." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0098.
Full textAutant-Bernard, Corinne. "Géographie de l'innovation et externalités locales de connaissance : une étude sur données françaises." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT059.
Full textRochet, Claude. "L'innovation, une affaire d'Etat? : piloter la réforme face à la troisième révolution industrielle." Phd thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00070834.
Full textThe main hypothesis of this research relies on the discrepancy between the evolution of the state and that of the other components of the socio-economic system as a factor of nations competitiveness. By adopting an evolutionist and historical perspective, the state is analyzed as an actor of the nations' evolution in their ability to absorb technological progress. The framework relies on the northian distinction between organizations and institutions, focusing on innovation's dynamics within public institutions and organizations. Both are analyzed as adaptive systems co-evolving in two temporal dimensions: the braudelian long-term since the Renaissance, and the present short-term of the information technologies revolution. The first part focuses on innovation as a socio-economic process stepping from disruption to continuities. Chapter I put in perspective the evolution of the state and of the technology. Chapter II analyzes what is at stake with the information technologies revolution. Chapter III assesses the role of the state and its evolution in the history of Great Britain and the US. The second part studies what are the possibilities for the state to get transformed (chapter I) drawing on an assessment on the New Public Management movement. The analyze goes on organizations (chapter II) through a comparison between cases of organizational transformation in France and in the US. A compared analysis between the ongoing institutional change in the budgetary framework in France and Canada allows to assess how to link institutional and organizational transformation. As a conclusion, the steering of such a reform appear to be socially feasible and technically mature, but suffers from a lag of evolution at the institutional level where politicians and mainstreams ideas dally in integrating the parameters of the third industrial revolution paradigm
Al-Qahiri, Mohamed. "Le développement du Yemen : rôle du progrès technique et de la décentralisation." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10049.
Full textNyssen, Jules. "Le modèle de croissance endogène avec microéconomie de l'innovation : un bon instrument pour l'analyse économique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX24003.
Full textThis thesis takes place within the endogenous growth theories frameworks. Its object is a particular model that we call endogenous growth model with microeconomics of innovation because this model provides a detailed analysis of the individual determinants of investment. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that such a model may constitute a good instrument for economic analysis, in part because it integrates some microeconomic explanations into a macro-analysis. In order to demonstrate this, the thesis is organised in six chapters. Chapters 1 is the general introduction. It recalls the main ideas of the schumpeterian analysis of the innovation process and defines the methodological framework of out work. Chapter 2 is devoted to the genesis of the endogenous growth theories and sheds light on the fundamental law that lies as the heart of all the growth models from this category. Chapter 3 provides a very detailed analysis of the model with microeconomic of innovation and exhibits both its richness and some of its weaknesses. Chapter 4 and 5 are each one an application of this kind of models to a given economic problem. Chapter 4 is devoted to the relationship between growth and unemployment. It sheds light on the new explanations that this model may provide about the longrun links between technical progress and employment. Chapter 5 focuses on the effects of patents lifetime on the rate of innovation and growth. Chapter 6 constitutes the general conclusion. IIt allows us to examine critically the previous conclusions, to evaluate the real of Schumpeter's work that has been integrated into the new theories, and lastly to draw some new research lines that all try to take better into account the innovation process within the analysis of growth
Le, Goff Richard. "Mutation informationnelle et politique territoriale : éléments de théorie des marchés et des organisations appliqués au département de la Manche (Normandie-France)." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974032.
Full textLe, Loarne-Lemaire Séverine. "Les variables structurelles dans la formation des stratégies de convergence dans les télécommunication : une recherche action chez France Telecom." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33032.
Full textAt the beginning of this millennium, the technical convergence is about to born. Nevertheless, how this opportunity can be transformed into innovative services by a multidivisional group, competing within the telecommunication industry. More precisely, how can we develop strategies of innovation, whose implementation requires the cooperation between the divisions of the group? This research, conducted within France Telecom, leads to two main results: Cooperation between divisions to generate new offers is multiform: It involves different kinds of divisions (product divisions, R&D division and distribution divisions), different resources. It raises different assets and is limited by different brakes. The multidivisional structure of the group limits the implementation of some strategies of innovation. This limit can be broken thanks to the coordination between the top management, middle managers from the R&D division and the distribution divisions and staff members from the distribution divisions. The role of these three different actors differs from the nature of the strategy of innovation: autonomous or deliberate. This thesis concludes that the development of strategies of innovation within multidivisional groups, whose structure is similar to France Telecom's one, can be achieved if the relation between R&D and distribution divisions and products divisions changes
Laperche, Blandine. "Appropriabilité de l'information scientifique et technique, innovation et normalisation des techniques de production." Littoral, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DUNK0011.
Full textScientific and technical information is an organized system of knowledge, learning and know-how. It is the principal input of production of material or immaterial goods. As a production means, it crystallizes the capitalist relations in which it has been built. Scientific and technical information cannot be, therefore, considered as a public good, freely distributed ; its appropriation is carried out by the work necessary for its formation, in the sphere of production. The capitalist competition, which requires the constant renewal of production means, is at the origin, within national systems of innovation, of the combination of informations in information pools systematically integrated in production processes. The erratic succession of periods of growth and crisis, during the long waves of accumulation multiplies, for big firms, the methods appropriation of informations and limits the access to the externalities produced by technological innovation. In the actual context of global technical competition, firms organized themselves in networks which make easier the appropriation and the protection of scientific and technical informations nodal to production processes. The standardization, upstream the production, of production techniques and informational pools, gives, for innovative firms, monopolistic rents reinvested, in function of opportunities of profits, in processes of knowledge accumulation. This process leads to the diffusion of protected informational pools and the correspondant methods of work. This diffusion of protected informational pools is, in industrialized countries, at the origin of industrial and salarial stratifications for the benefit of the most competitive firms and the most qualified workers. The countries which have weak national systems of innovation bump into the important cost of information appropriation and endogeneisation of these standards
Abidi, Abdelhamid. "Traditions culturelles et stratégie économique : le cas de l'huile d'olive en Tunisie." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3010.
Full textThis liberalization process in which the Tunisian economy is involved, include all sectors of activity and especially the olive-oil sector. But this one overlaps largely the economic sphere. The whole production craft mode who's dominating the sector is threatened. The craftsmen are henceforth exposed to the liberal market logics which makes them give up their know-how closely linked to the production techniques they controlled. The questioning about the profitability of the craft method of production goes along with a dwindling of the ancient trade association. Within an economy inserted in the globalization, a new type of contractors is emerging and competing with the previous millers who are adopting different strategies in accordance with their positions and their individual interests. The technical change shapes the social relationships and the symbolic value of olive-oil who is deeply rooted in the social and technical local culture. Technique, culture and society reveal through this process of change, the complexity of their unity
Pillot, Julien. "Les critères d'activation de la théorie des facilités essentielles : une analyse économique de la pratique décisionnelle des autorités de concurrence." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0046.
Full textOpenly introduced in European competition law during the early 1990s, the Essential Facilities Doctrine is a legal doctrine whose application is highly debated amongst economists. In giving antitrust authorities a chance to challenge property rights in order to promote competition, its enforcement shall not be neutral with respect to private incentive to invest and innovate. While seeking for consistency in competition authorities’ decisional practice, this PhD dissertation aims at reducing uncertainties flowing from the very application of the rule. Related theoretical debates are spotlighted through an economic analysis of the French competition authority’s case-law
Eparvier, Patrick. "Théories de la croissance endogène et théories évolutionnistes : un exemple de concurrence théorique et empirique en sciences économiques." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/eparvier_p.
Full textWith the endogenous growth theories and the evolutionary theories, growth and technical change analysis has been facing important theoretical developments since the mid eighties. One subject shared by the two theories concerns the links between the economic growth of countries and their innovation activities. The fact that two theories deal with the same questions raises two problems. The first is a methodological one and is about the theoretical confrontation in economics, as well as the ability of the theories to explain and illustrate a certain number of stylised facts. The second is a normative one and refers to choices of policy recommendations to enhance innovation and growth. The existence of different recommendations, on the same issues, from these theories induces another level of competition. This work is a theoretical and empirical comparison of these two theories and proposes some reflections on competition of their policy recommendations
Chen, Jing. "Incubation d'entreprises et politique nationale de soutien à l'innovation technologique en Chine : l'exemple de la ville de Shangai (1987-2004)." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30033.
Full textThe subject of this research is that of business incubation and the structures for helping the technological innovation at a national and local level in China (example of the city of Shanghai). Faced with economic globalization and the acceleration of technological changes, the capacity of an economy or more generally of a country to innovate is a fundamental element for today and for the future, the factors contributing to innovation are considered as determiners by the political decision-makers. The incubator appears as one of the most effective tools where a favourable environment to the creation of a start-up is offered by integrating all the necessary resources. The United States is the most important and innovative country as far as business incubation is concerned. Many countries, among which China figures, have taken the American experiences for reference. Over the last few years, China has made a lot of effort in order to set up a better national innovation system. The setting up of technological incubators is one of the most important measures to promote the development of sciences and technologies and the industrialization of high and new technologies in China. The authorities at all levels (local, regional and national) grant it a particular attention. From the analysis of the Chinese national policy for supporting the technological innovation and by considering the example of the regional policy in Shanghai, we propose ways and tools for the improvement of the model used in China
Raffo, Julio Diego. "Innovation environment in developing countries : a micro-econometric study about the role of the abroad." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131022.
Full textThis study explores empirically the innovation process at the firm level in developing countries. Concrete evidence is provided on the technological behaviour of firms under a disarticulated innovation system, with particular attention to the role of the abroad as a counterbalancing mechanism of such disarticulation. The concept of abroad is investigated in a large sense, allowing it to take the shape of foreign MNEs, external demand or even public research institutions. The main results address five crucial dimensions: (1) the firm’s ability to put in place a knowledge function; (2) the firm’s dependency to foreign technologies; (3) the external market as a technology driver; (4) the domestic public creation of technology; and, (5) the technological interactions between public and private actors. Evidence on all these dimensions goes in the same direction: the analysis of an innovation system and its interactions should not be bounded to the local or national level but it should necessarily include the international dimension
Lossio-Baudin, de la Valette Claudia. "L'investissement direct étranger à Cuba : dynamiques de développement dans un système socialiste contraint de s'appuyer sur les lois du marché." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020002.
Full textDuvernay, Daphné. "Approche communicationnelle de l'émergence et du développement de projets innovants : le cas de l'enseignement supérieur à distance en France et au Brésil. Dispositifs, médiations, pratiques." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0017.
Full textCommunication of change is the framework used to analyse the introduction of distance learning technologies withnin the organisations-institutions of the publis sector. The practices of change are led by collectives of grass-roots actors, university researchers, whereas in these large university institutions, change is traditionally led by strategic actors. A comparative international study conducted in French and Brazilian universities shows that practices of change, even if they are inferred by an international context, involve the structuring of the collective of grass-roots actors in an artefact-organization finalized around the new project. The actors thus engage in a strategy of communication, first to experiment change through an artefact-type of communication, the though an institutionalizing process. This search for recognition comes within the scope of an enlarged organization at infra, micro, meso, macro and metalevels, where power relationships create a twofold organisational recomposition : from change to university organisations-institutions, but also university organisations-institutions, but also from organisation-institutions to change, through the impetus given by the macrolevel
Auneau, Yves. "Construire un système d’innovation régionalisée : propositions à partir d’exemples bretons." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383220/fr/.
Full textThe territory of innovation is built from the functional and institutional organizations, partially articulated to the Regional System of Innovation. Our initiative bases on the concept of médiances, i. E social relationships which an individual develops with his environment, applied to the activities of innovation. The innovative company organizes its internal social relationships, its relations for the production and its specific activities of innovation from strategic choices which let a freedom to the inspirations of the entrepreneur. The Regional Council and the EPCI act by proposing a public tools of accompaniment and orientation of the innovation. A conception "opened" for the innovative resource ( a high value-added information) in a "opened" IRSand according to a numerous and varied governances constitute a development process of the médiances of innovation. Their density and variety increase the opportunity of membership the entrepreneurs in the construction of a producing territory of innovation with externalités of innovation. This methodology privileges an investment on the bottom to open the public politics built on models of territories too often marked by standards which eventually(later) trivialize the innovative territory. The value recognized in the innovation by a local society, and the will of people to create the consensus define the contents of the médiances of innovation. That is why the priority in developping the social innovations has to precede the construction of the most successful territories for innovation and their integration at an intermediate scale
Nguyen, Tu Anh. "Sources de la croissance économique : capital matériel, capital humain, ressources naturelles et PTF." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010029.
Full textBernal, Uribe Juan Felipe. "Innovation, intellectual property rights and international knowledge diffusion." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10029/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the effects of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the economy. It makes use of a common framework (i.e. an endogenous growth model with horizontal differentiation) to model IPRs, identify the benefits and the costs associated with their implementation, suggest welfare maximizing levels of IPRs in economies with different compositions of the labor force and, finally, focus on the trade aspects of international policies tending to unify IPRs systems in the world.The first chapter considers a closed economy. We find that the utility maximizing degree of IPRs may or not be the same for skilled and unskilled workers. The equilibrium of the economy depends on its size and composition of the labor force. When skilled workers are scarce relative to unskilled workers, complete enforcement of IPRs benefits skilled workers and harm unskilled workers, which prefer a weaker regime. If the two labor endowments are close enough there is no longer a conflict of interests between the two groups. Both prefer a regime of IPRs that increases with the population size.The second chapter extends the first one to incorporate an additional economy which is larger and technologically more advanced. The R&D sector of the small economy benefits from the knowledge developed abroad. The model predicts convergence in the rate of growth to the one of the technological leader. The positive effect of IPRs comes from the determination of the "technological gap" between the two regions. Complete enforcement of IPRs maximizes utility for skilled labor and, under some parameter configurations, also for unskilled labor.The third chapter allows for international trade. We consider two economies where skilled labor is heterogeneous in productivity within the R&D sector. Trade requires the payment of a fixed cost per variety. There are two regions in the world: the South has weaker IPRs and a less skilled labor than the North. Skilled workers in the R&D sector choose between becoming innovators or imitators. This setup recreates the observable patterns of dominance of the North in innovation, and the South in imitation. Stronger IPRs in the South translate into a reallocation of skilled labor out of imitation and into innovation. Less imitators increase the value of exporting to that region for foreign exporters leading to an increase in world trade
Esmaeili, Hamid. "Evaluation économique de l'impact des nouvelles technologies d'information : une application à l'économie américaine." Littoral, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DUNK0078.
Full textThe birth of New Information Technologie (NIT) has changed the economic data, entailing a modification of the productivity. This study aims at making an economic evaluation of the impact of Information Technologies (IT). After a theoretical explanation aiming at including NIT within the economic thought, this research will analyse the major changes from a macroeconomic point of view. To do so, it relies on the American economic system, where Information Technologies are more developed. We will then develop two Computable General Equilibrium models : the first one studies the contribution of technological progress-IT to the American economic system between 1954-2000, pointing out the break in terms of technological progress-IT in 1974. The second model underlines the evolution of the employment market for unqualified workers and uses sensitivity and economic policies analysis to identify the most appropriate measures
Tang, Ming Feng. "Le Transfert de technologies de l'Université vers l'industrie dans le système national chinois." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/TANG_Ming_Feng_2008.pdf.
Full textUniversity is an important player in the national innovation system (NIS). In developed countries, university plays a role in retaining their national competitiveness. In developing countries, the role of university is positioned to build up the competitiveness. China, although it is a developing country, is trying to catch up through innovation. This thesis raises the following question: how does university play a rôle in promoting endogenous innovation of China? In order to address this question, we firstly present a brief description of NIS approach, the characteristics of Chinese NIS and Chinese university system. Then, we center our research on technology transfers from university to industry which is considered as a method to improve endogenous innovation of China. National technology transfers centers and university incubators are used as instruments by university for technology transfers
El, Idrissi Lalla Hind. "L'entreprise apprenante au Maroc : l'expérience de l'entreprise Maroc Télécom." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0121.
Full textGlobalization forces companies to be more and more competitive on their domestic market as well as on the international market. General knowledge creation is one of the key to this innovative challenge. This essay tries to present this answer by putting hiddent motives and modalities (organization, knowledge, innovation, development, communication etc. . . ) of these dynamic companies to the fore. This change operates by the knowledge and competences accumulation. However, this process has to follow a schedule and not to be rushed. This problem is displayed all along the Morocco Empiric case with Maroc Telecom company. The suggested demonstration is composed by four theorical and empirical chapters. The two first ones are a literature review showing how competitive companies developed themselves to reach the Ling paradigm of the "Network learning organization". This scientific context leads us to an inductive approach of the Maroc Telecom case in the two last chapters. As a matter of fact, this essay is equilibrating between deduction and induction. These two means are associated into this essay to demonstrate from an example (Research-Action), the one from Manarh from Maroc Telecom, that organizing the sharing of knowledge and innovation into a human organization is essential. This is the only price to pay by companies to levelling themselves to the market ; this levelling presupposed a participative governance
Nkoa, François. "Circulation internationale des connaissances technologiques, politique commerciale et croissance de la productivité dans les stratégies d'industrialisation en économie ouverte." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10064.
Full textBeyina, Onguene Emmanuel. "Financements et rentabilité des PME innovantes camerounaises." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/BEYINA_ONGUENE_Emmanuel_2007.pdf.
Full textMartinez-Garcia, Eduardo. "Stratégies et mécanismes d'institutionnalisation de la science et de la technologie en Amérique latine." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030063.
Full textThe research examines the strategies, mechanisms and policy instruments; scientific and technological research; innovation and technological development; and science and technology investment projects, that have contributed to the recent institutionalisation of science and technology activities in latin america. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the major economic and social policy changes in latin america in the 1980-96 period. The research supports the starting hypothesis, according to which there has been a 'paradigm shift' concerning the strategies and mechanisms for the institutionalisation of science and technology in latin america: a. Changes and trends concerning strategies and policies: 1. From policies for partial autonomy to policies for modernisation, from 'science and technology policy'to 'innovation police 2. From promotion of r&d to r&d oriented towards market demand 3. From traditional r&d management towards r&d management, performance evaluation and links with productive units 4. From state's role promoting and undertaking r&d to the articulation of a national system of innovation 5. From the lack of evaluation and of quality control in r&d and higher education to academic evaluation and accreditation processes b. Institutional and legal changes and trends: 6. From a 'government institutionalisation' process to the downsizing of the state 7. From formal institutional orientation and regulation to institutional 'laisser-faire' 8. From national budgetary restrictions to resources from international financial and technical co, operation 0. Changes and trends concerning globalisation and regional integration: 9. From closed economies to open-economies: globalisation and localisation of r&d activities and technological innovation processes 10. From nation-economy to region-economy, subregional integration processes. In general terms, the results of the research support the hypothesis that there has been a paradigm shift concerning the strategies and mechanisms for the institutionalisation of science and technology in latin america. 2
Loukou, Alain François. "Télécommunications et développement en Côte d'Ivoire à l'ère de la société de l'information et de la mondialisation." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30016.
Full textObservation of development policies applied in North and South shows that the processes of regional planning, local development and integration are nowadays the favorite strategies involved in development. Yet, it clearly appears that, due to the increasing importance of information in a wide range of activities, telecommunications are valuable tools that can help build development dynamics. Indeed, information, which circulates by means of telecommunications, has come to be with no doubt a strategic resource. Moreover, telecommunications raise in original terms the issue of connection between local and national economics and world economy. Knowing these facts, the study here presented aimed to show, using theoretical consideration and several practical case studies, how modern telecommunications do contribute or could better contribute to development dynamics in a poor country environment like Côte d'Ivoire
Riou, Stéphane. "Les politiques régionales européennes entre cohésion, élargissement et croissance : une analyse d'économie géographique." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STETT082.
Full textThe convergence process of some european cohesion contries seems to hide more regional inequalities within each of them (Spain and Portugal). Their groxth rate would benefit from more agglomeration of economic activities. Such fact illustrates a possible dilemma between cohesion and national growth. Then, two questions may be put. First, what are the economic mechanisms at the origin of such dilemma ? Is public support able to make disppear this dilemma, seeking both less regional inequalities and more macroeconomic efficiency ? This, thesis shows that the recent literature using both economic geography and endogenous growth frameworks gives some interesting theoretical answers to these questions. Precisely, this literature shows how less concentrated technological interactions may be important to promote more balanced regional development. This conclusion should be more taken into account in the public policy choices
De, Oliveira Monteiro Sara Paulina. "Economie de l'innovation, dépenses publiques productives et croissance économique : une étude empirique pour l'évaluation du rôle des infrastructures technologiques dans les pays de l'OCDE." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0025/document.
Full textOur study has the aim of defining the impact generated by the technological infrastructure on innovation and economic growth in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). We will draw inspiration from the "Quadruple Helix of Innovation" theory (QH) in order to construct a theoretical model of economic growth that will assess the role played by a set of technological infrastructures belonging to different "innovation ecosystems", in the presence of innovation open systems and the "mode 3" of knowledge production. We chose the recent QH theory on National Innovation Systems (NIS) as it describes a new economic reality where innovation is seen as the result of co-creation between businesses, citizens, universities and government, in a context characterized by the existence of partnerships, networks of collaboration and symbiotic relationships. A theoretical model of economic growth based on R & D and on productive public spending will be developed to demonstrate the importance of the existence of technological infrastructure in promoting innovation, and ultimately its contribution to economic growth. This will make it possible to evaluate the effects of productive public spending through a study of "transitional dynamics" and an empirical analysis based on the new database CANA (2011)
Senouci, Mehdi. "Essays on Economic Growth." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0090.
Full textThis thesis consists of five (mostly theoretical) chapters on economic growth. We address both medium- and long-run issues. All the models presented are of neoclassical structure and are animated by some forms of technical change related to physical capital. The first four chapters analyze the behavior of neoclassical growth models under investment-specific technical change — i. E. Under technical change in the production of the investment good. The fifth chapter introduces another representation of technical change in neoclassical growth models. Chapter 1 analyses the consequences of investment-specific technological shocks on the golden rule steady state. Chapter 2 addresses the Malthusian issue of the demographic consequences of technical change in an overlapping-generations model of growth with land, endogenous fertility and multiple directions of productivity growth. Chapter 3 (co-written with Gwenael Moysan) presents new results on neoclassical two-inputs production functions, and uses them to treat the Solow model with capital-augmenting (or investment-specific) technological change. Chapter 4 investigates the endogenous direction of technical change-— labor-augmenting vs. Investment-specific— in the discrete-time Ramsey framework with log utility. Chapter 5 shows how the Habakkuk hypothesis and the Kaldor facts can be rationalized through a new form of technological change
Daw, Georges. "Analyse théorique et mesure conjoncturelle de la contribution de la "nouvelle économie" à la croissance économique de la France." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010001.
Full textEsso, Loesse Jacques. "Changement technologique, croissance et inégalité : l'importance du capital humain." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140420.
Full textMnif, Amouri Sirine. "Changements technologiques, croissance et inégalité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986113.
Full textDiop, Mohamet. "Essai sur l'apport de l'économie de la connaissance sur le développement économique : état des lieux et perspectives dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1108/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the characteristics of developing countries to the knowledge economy. This work addresses issues on both theoretical and epistemological related to the knowledge economy. We proceed in a first part the analysis of existing theories on the issue of the knowledge economy by combining references to various interpretations, while putting in illustration the idea that the accumulation of knowledge is now more than ever a powerful lever for economic growth in developed economies. The second part is devoted to the study of developing countries, particularly the least developed countries. This study highlights the differing technological trajectories within these economies and allows the identification of ways of acquiring knowledge in the least developed by the establishment of a national innovation system countries
Lessouba, Faustin. "Les TIC comme levier du développement au Congo‐ Brazzaville : le cas du téléphone mobile." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20023/document.
Full textThis doctoral research aims to problematize ICT, connecting the mobile phone with the socioeconomic development in Congo - Brazzaville. It is the opportunity to oppose the discourses of institutional actors and practices user. We record our problem in CIS, which the "interdisciplinary nature can help to multiply the angles" (Loneux, 2007). We favor the scientific project of Harold Garfinkel, namely ethnomethodology, as an "analysis of ordinary ways to make that ordinary social actors mobilize to achieve their common shares" (Mucchielli, 2004). The notion of communication is at the heart of our reflexion : to understand the propensity of communicative activity to participate in reconfigurations of socio-organizational practices. Thus, our perspective of interpretation of reality seeks to overcome overt or unspoken presuppositions to reveal and discuss the new modes of ownership of the mobile phone in the new forms of organization of the socio-economic activities of the actors within a given environment. The discourse of legitimation of ICT Congolese officials is pure "dispossession of discursivity", (Serge Latouche, 1986). However, ICT can not serve the integral development unless people appropriate them in their daily lives. In this sense, the uses of the mobile phone cannot be considered as isolated but should be seen in their "entrenchement" in existing social practices of Congolese users. The results of this research thus aim to enrich the debates in SIC around new visions on the use of ICT
Oladeji, Sunday. "Commerce Nord-Sud et environnement : une approche technologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX24007.
Full textStachowski, Karine. "Entreprise-territoire : géographie de l'innovation technologique dans la région Nord-Pas-De-Calais." Lille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL10160.
Full textSabbado, da Rosa Laura. "Le pôle de compétitivité Arve Industries : les effets sur la dynamique partenariale des PME locales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG018/document.
Full textCompetitiveness clusters have been established since 2006 and represent a political initiative by the French government to aid businesses and regions and thus improve France’s position in the realm of international economic competition. The goal is to reinforce the industrial fabric in certain regions via a substantial injection of public funds invested in projects linked with innovation and internationalization of enterprises. This dissertation studies the impact of the creation of the “Arve Industries” competitiveness cluster and in particular, the degree of implication of local SMEs in this collective, innovating activity. From a theoretical stand point, we call upon approaches addressing territorial economies due to the intrinsically territorial nature of competitiveness clusters, as well as studies focusing on strategic networks. Harnessing these two perspectives, proximity is presented as an important factor at the root of cooperative interactions between the involved actors (businesses, laboratories and universities) in the technological field. From a technological stand point, this work combines a qualitative exploratory approach based on semi-directive interviews with 22 SME owners and 6 organizations that support local industry, and a quantitative approach based on 68 usable questionnaires. The nature of relationships between SMEs in competitiveness clusters are also studied in terms of cooperation, competition and knowledge sharing
Fotso, Ruben. "Evaluation quantitative des politiques d'innovation fondées sur les relations science-industrie : cas des instituts de recherche technologique rhônalpins." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES037.
Full textThis thesis aims to evaluate and analyse the direct and indirect effects of the Rhône-Alpes Technological Research Institutes (IRTs), which are one of the innovation policy devices based on science-industry transfers, created in France as pait of the Future Investment Programme. By applying a difference-in-difference model combined with matching methods, the results show a direct positive effect on turnover and financial autonomy and indicate that this effect varies according to the duration of participation and the type of assistance received. In addition, the type of assistance would play a more important role than the duration of treatment in the effectiveness of TRis. The results also indicate that the TRI had positive indirect effects on turnover, financial autonomy and the share of executives of non-directly beneficiary SMEs but located in the treated area and that these effects do not appear immediately after the treatment but a few years later. In addition, this research work assesses and analyses the direct effects of TRis by focusing on the R&D performance of large companies. Using the random trend model and the synthetic control model, the results of the first model indicate that participation in TRis has had an additional direct effect on total net R&D expenditures and that these expenditures are largely self-financed and used outside the company through collaborations and outsourcing. The results of the second model show that a single company has almost systematic effects on all R&D performance indicators
Alsalman, Mohammad. "La nouvelle économie fondée sur la connaissance dans la région arabe : vers une nouvelle stratégie de développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1084/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the economics of development. It addresses the issue of the economic morass in which the Arab region has been mired for decades. We suggest a new analytical framework that builds upon the concept of knowledge-based economies and its four pillars – economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, innovation system, and, finally, information infrastructure (ICT) - as conceived by the World Bank. Our thesis mobilizes this concept of knowledge-based economies in order to analyze and evaluate the state of the economy in the Arab region from the independence period to the eve of the revolution in Arab countries ' Arab spring'. Throughout the thesis, we develop several types of analysis and we conclude with an econometric model, that assesses the contribution of knowledge to growth and development in the Arab region
Ressico, Alessandra. "Innovation dans un contexte de villes en transformation : Grenoble et Turin." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987513.
Full textMontmartin, Benjamin. "Essais sur la rationalité, les effets et l'efficacité des aides publiques à la R&D privée." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935645.
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