Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement embryonnaire de la drosophile'
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Roumengous, Solange. "Reprogrammation cellulaire et morphogenèse épithéliale pendant le développement embryonnaire chez la drosophile." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4113.
Full textTissue morphogenesis relies on patterned cell shape changes and movements taking place in specific morphogenetic domains. In segmented tissues, anterior and posterior compartments represent independent morphogenetic domains which are made of distinct lineages separated by boundaries. We previously reported on a rare event leading to the exchange of specific ‘Mixer Cells’ (MCs) between compartments of the ectoderm. During dorsal closure, MCs, which are of anterior origin, cross the boundary to integrate the adjacent posterior compartment through de novo expression of the posterior determinant Engrailed (En). This reprograming process is dependent on JNK signalling and is restricted to the central abdominal region. Here, we show that JNK signalling represses Polycomb (Pc) expression and that loss of Pc leads to an absence of MCs reprogramming. FISH-DNA coupled to immunostaining further shows that MCs fate transition is accompanied by a release of the en promoter from the repressing Pc bodies. Interestingly, our genetic data reveal that spatial control of MCs reprograming depends on the activity of the Hox genes abdominal-A (abdA) and Abdominal-B (AbdB). In their respective domains, abd-A promotes mixing while abd-B behaves as a strong repressor, thus restricting cell mixing to the central abdominal region. Together, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms of developmental reprogramming, showing that segment boundary plasticity relies on regional control of cell remodelling involving a gene regulatory network composed of JNK, en, Pc, and Hox activities
Supatto, Willy. "Imagerie multiphoton quantitative et ablation laser par impulsions femtosecondes pour l'étude de l'expression génétique mécano-sensible chez l'embryon de drosophile sauvage." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077210.
Full textThe development of an embryo involves a complex choreography of cell movements that are highly regulated both in time and space. These morphogenetic movements are controlled by cascades of gene expression. We are interested in the potential role of a mechanical feedback in this regulation process. More specifically, the expression of twist, a developmental gene involved in the control of morphogenesis, has been identified as mechano-sensitive during Drosophiia melanogaster gastrulation, The precise study of this process required to develop novel approaches that enabled us to visualize, quantify and modulate morphogenetic movements in vivo, in this thesis, we first demonstrate that non linear microscopies, such as two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy and third harmonie generation (THG) microscopy, are highly appropriate to image embryo development in 3D. These are analyzed by using particle image velocimetry (PiV) in order to quantify cell movements and deformations. In addition, a novel technique of laser surgery using femtosecond pulses is experimentally and biologically characterized and is used to modulate morphogenetic movements in a non-invasive way. Finally, this ail optical and non-genetic approach provide novel insight into the issue of twist mechano-sensitive expression in anterior pole cells. In particular, the correlation between gene expression and specific cell deformations is demonstrated In wild-type embryos
Kambris, Zakaria. "Fonctions transcriptionnelles des protéines HOX et rôles des molécules à domaine TIR au cours du développement embryonnaire de la drosophile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13174.
Full textMariol, Marie-Christine. "Le développement embryonnaire chez Drosophila melanogaster : étude génétique et clonage d'un gène de polarité segmentale nécessaire au développement normal de l'embryon, le gène fused." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066512.
Full textZhang, Yan. "Implementation of anti-apoptotic peptide aptamers in cell and "in vivo" models of Parkinson's disease." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0788.
Full textParkinson’s disease is considered as the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although the cause of the progressive cell loss of PD remains unclear to date, programmed cell death, inflammation and autophagy due to oxidative stress, gene mutations or protein aggregations within DA neuron have been suggested as potential causes. Peptide aptamers are small combinatorial proteins, with a variable loop inserted into a scaffold protein, human thioredoxin, hTRX. They are used to facilitate dissection of signaling networks by modulating specific protein interactions and functions. Two peptide aptamers were identified by functional selection which inhibit Bax-dependent cell death in mammalian models. One peptide aptamer (Apta-32) is binding two paralogues involved in endocytotic trafficking T32. The second peptide aptamer (Apta-34) is binding to a target "T34", a pro-apoptotic protein mediating apoptosis emanating from the nucleus. The work of my PhD thesis aimed to investigate the anti-apoptotic function of our two peptide aptamers in different PD models including cell model (in vitro), brain tissue slice and D. melanogaster (in vivo) ; in particular their impact on neuron survival after exposure to specific toxins. Two major toxins were applied in this work, 6-hydroxindopamine (6-OHDA) and Paraquat, a commonly used pesticide. Our observations indicated that Drosophila expressing Apta-32 in all neurons showed more resistance 48h after treatment with Paraquat, compared to drosophila expressing Apta-34 or TRX. Another study revealed a defect in phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies in drosophila embryo’s expressing Apta-32 in macrophage, suggesting Apta-32 could be involved in, and perhaps interfere with, the process of autophagy. This suggests that Apta-32 could protect against paraquat induced autophagy in neurons
Daulny, Anne. "Implication de la protéine DSP1 dans le contrôle génétique du développement embryonnaire précoce de Drosophila melanogaster." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2031.
Full textPouille, Philippe-Alexandre. "Biomécanique de la gastrulation chez Drosophila Melanogaster." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077048.
Full textEmbryogenesis involves genetic network, epigenetic differentiation and biochemical cascades, but also physical properties of the tissues, to shape a precise morphology at each step of the process. The animal model used is Drosophila Melanogaster] the morphogenetic event studied is the invagination of ventral mesoderm during gastrulation, which proceeds in two main steps: a slow phase of apical stochastic constrictions followed by a rapid phase of global apex contraction. The thesis analyses the biomechanical components of the early embryo and the dynamics of its gastrulation. An elementary structure is selected, a hydrodynamic model is constructed and the invagination simulated, providing a first result: one active process alone is sufficient to reproduce in details the phenotypic changes during invagination, except the first stochastic phase of constriction. The genetic network and biochemical pathways involved are analysed and the need of a mechanical feedback linking the stochastic constriction to global contraction is discussed; ahypothesis of the mechanical sensor is proposed and tested experimentally. New simulations implementing the genetic and biochemical control and the presumed feedback mechanism into the former biomechanical modelling illustrates the accuracy of the assumption: the global contraction of the ventral cell apices leading to invagination is induced by a positive feedback from the mechanical constrains accumulated during previous stochastic constriction
Schaerlinger, Bérénice. "Rôle de la sérotonine dans le développement embryonnaire précoce de Drosophila melanogaster : Etude d'un mutant ponctuel du récepteur 5-HT2Dro." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/SCHAERLINGER_Berenice_2004.pdf.
Full textSerotonin, known as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays an important role during cell migration in sea urchin, mice as well. Previous studies have shown that serotonin and its 5-HT2Dro receptor are important during germband extension in drosophila. Indeed, 5-HT2Dro receptor is transiently expressed during early embryogenesis. Removal of the 5-HT2Dro locus in a deleted drosophila strain allows us to prove the essential role of serotonin and its receptor for correct cell intercalation during germband extension. This work underlined a new point mutant in the 5-HT2Dro receptor gene. The point mutation is located in the N-terminal domain and confers to the receptor a gain of function. Most of homozygote embryos for the isogenic strain containing point mutant in 5-HT2Dro gene (M51) die during germband extension. M51 embryos display a “ghost” cuticular phenotype accompanied by a gastrulation defect. Indeed, time lapse video experiment demonstrated that cell migration speed is 4 times higher in M51 embryos compared to wild type embryos. However, the presence of a second mutation at 67A2-67D13 locus, on the same chromosome than 5-HT2Dro gain of function mutation in the l(3R)4830b, seems to compensate M51 phenotype. L(3R)4830b embryos present a less severe gastrulation defect and die later during germband retraction. The late lethality of l(3R)4830b embryos allowed us to show a new role for serotonin in the late regulation of Wingless expression. Indeed, an “denticle missing in A4” phenotype observed in homozygote l(3R)4830b embryos is due to an ectopic expression of Wingless specifically in fourth abdominal segment. Thus, this work demonstrates the major role of serotonin and 5-HT2Dro receptor during germband extension. It also showed that serotonin is able to regulate Wingless expression during late stages of drosophila embryogenesis. The signalling pathway involved in that process remains to be elucidated
Merle, Mélody. "Un modèle d'Ising asymétrique pour la régulation génétique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS617.
Full textGene regulation is a major actor of embryonic development. The structure of an organism is predefined by spatio-temporal patterns of expression from precursors genes. Regulation processes involving multiple genes are often represented by Gene Regulation Networks (GRN). In this thesis I present a novel spatial model of GRN. This model is a variant of the Ising model and is designed to have a minimal number of parameters. Its parameters, inter-actions between genes and the corresponding range of interaction, have similar roles to those of a reaction-diffusion automata. This model is able to form complex patterns, such as Turing patterns, which has never been osbserved before in short-range Ising-like models. This model is applied to early stage segmentation of Drosophila, in particular to the regulation of the gene eve. A sampling method, the Wang-Landau algorithm, is applied to the model. It is used to identify, within the parameter space, sub-volumes of networks producing a given pattern. The comparison of results obtained from 1D or 3D data show the solutions spaces intersect but are not identical. Finally, this thesis question the view of gene regulation in terms of networks, and redefined a gene regulation code whose adaptor would be the gene domain, a sequence surrounding the gene locus along the genome
Perez, Romero Carmina Angelica. "Noise and robustness downstream of a morphogen gradient : Quantitative approach by imaging transcription dynamics in living embryos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS306.pdf.
Full textDuring development, cell differentiation frequently occurs upon signaling from gradients of molecules, called morphogens. A simple paradigm to study morphogens is the Bicoid gradient, which determines antero-posterior patterning in fruit fly embryos. This transcription factor allows the rapid expression of its major target gene hunchback, in an anterior domain with a sharp boundary. Using the MS2 system to fluorescently tag RNA in living embryos, we were able to show that the ongoing transcription process at the hunchback promoter is bursty Surprisingly, it takes only 3 minutes, from the first hints of transcription at the anterior to reach steady state with the setting of the sharp expression border in the middle of the embryo. To better understand the role of transcription factors other than Bicoid in this process, I used a two-pronged strategy involving synthetic MS2 reporters combined with the analysis of the hunchback MS2 reporter in various mutant backgrounds. The synthetic reporter approach, indicate that Bicoid is able to activate transcription on its own when bound to the promoter but in a stochastic manner. The binding of Hunchback to the Bicoid-dependent promoter reduces this stochasticity while Caudal might act as a posterior repressor gradient. Altogether, this work provide a new light on the mechanisms insuring a precise transcriptional response downstream of Bicoid
Ibnsouda, Saad. "Structure, expression et évolution du gène serendipity-alpha de la drosophile : un gène requis pour la cellularisation de l'embryon." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30110.
Full textLiabeuf-Le, Goff Emilie. "Implications des complexes Polycomb et Trithorax au cours du développement précoce chez Ciona intestinalis." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20193.
Full textImplications of Polycomb and Trithorax complexes in the early development of Ciona intestinalisPolycomb and Trithorax group (PcG and TrxG) proteins were discovered originally in Drosophila melanogaster. Both groups are classically known for their roles in the maintenance of silenced and active chromatin states over time, respectively. These factors regulate many target genes including the homeotic genes. During my PhD, I studied three components of these two groups: Enhancer of zest (E(z)), belonging to the PRC2 complex of PcG and responsible for H3K27me3 mark deposit for gene repression, Polyhomeotic (Ph), belonging to the PRC1 complex of PcG whose role remains to be determined, and Trithorax (Trx), belonging to the TAC1 complex of TrxG and responsible for H3K4me3 mark deposit for gene activation. Until now, no study addresses the epigenetic regulation mediated by PcG and TrxG in the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis. This specie has a disorganized Hox cluster and in which the Polycomb (Pc) protein of PRC1, responsible for the recognition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark, is absent.Our work shows that the E(z) protein is functional and retains its methyltransferase activity on H3K27 residue in Ciona intestinalis. Then, we demonstrated, by knockdown experiments with morpholino microinjection, that the inhibition of E(z), Ph and Trx has dramatic consequences on differentiation and on the establishment of different tissues during larval development, particularly on the notochord establishment since it is totally absent in E(z) and Ph morphants. E(z) morphant phenotypic defects are correlated with lack of H3K27me3 mark deposit and we highlighted that, during the E(z) inhibition, tissue-specific genes implied in early development are de-repressed while late-expressed genes are down-regulated. In addition among Hox genes, only Hox12 expression is significantly modified and found to be de-repressed in E(z) morphant context, as expected.Altogether, our results present the innovative idea that the PcG and TrxG proteins play a major role in the gene expression regulation during embryogenesis of Ciona intestinalis while having a minor involvement in the regulation of Hox genes expression at this stage of development
Dubuis, Julien. "Quantifying positional information during early embryonic development." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066388.
Full textGirardot, Charles. "Deciphering enhancer activity in Drosophila based on transcription factor occupancy and chromatin state chromatin state characterization." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829472.
Full textBataille, Laetitia. "Mécanismes de régulation de l'hématopoïèse embryonnaire chez la Drosophile." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30050.
Full textHaematopoietic development give rise to different specialised blood cell types. In Drosophila embryo, the blood cell progenitors (prohemocytes) give rise to two differentiated cell types : plasmatocytes and crystal cells. We have investigated the mechanism of regulation of this process in the fruit fly. We have shown that serpent encodes different isoforms and that the activity of the GATA transcription factor Serpent is modulated by different cofactors, U-Shaped (FOG) or Lozenge (RUNX), during haematopoiesis. Secondly, we have undertaken an in vivo analysis of the mechanism of segregation of the two embryonic blood cell lineages. We find that prohemocytes are bipotent progenitors, which the fate is determined by a dynamic interplay between the lineage-specific transcription factors, Gcm/Gcm2 and Lz. The resolution of the choice of blood cell fate correspond to an original two-steps process in which Gcm/Gcm2 control the initiation and next the maintenance of the crystal cell fate
Carayon, Alexandre. "Mise en place de l'identité musculaire durant la myogenèse embryonnaire chez la drosophile." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30107.
Full textThe morphological diversity of skeletal muscles allows the precision and coordination of movements specific to each animal species. Establishment of a stereotypic pattern of muscles takes places during the process of myogenesis. Studies in Drosophila, an insect model, have identified four steps in this process: the specification of equivalence groups of myoblasts (promuscular clusters) at defined positions within the somatic mesoderm, the selection of progenitor(s) from each group, asymmetric division of each progenitor into post-mitotic muscle founder cells, and finally the fusion of each founder cell with a given number of fusion competent cells to form a syncytial myofiber. This dynamic, integrated process leads to establishing a stereotyped pattern of morphologically distinct muscles which can each be distinguished, based on size, orientation, shape, sites of attachment to the skeleton, all properties defining muscle identity. In the Drosophila larva, each of the about 30 different muscles per hemisegment is made of a single myofiber. It has been proposed that final morphology of a myofiber reflects the combinatorial code of identity Transcription Factors (iTF) expressed by its founder cell, although many questions remain unanswered. My thesis project aimed at better understanding the mechanism of specification of muscle identity, using as model a dorso-lateral muscle of the Drosophila larva, the DA3 muscle whose identity is controlled by the Collier/EBF (Col) iTF. col transcription is activated in one promuscular cluster, transient in the 4 progenitors issued from this cluster and stably maintained in the DA3 myofiber. In col mutant embryos, the DA3 muscle is transformed into a more dorsal, DA2-like muscle. Previous work has shown that col transcription in the DA3 lineage is controlled by two cis-regulatory modules (EarlyCRM and LateCRM), physically distant on the chromosome and acting sequentially. The temporal overlap of EarlyCRM and LateCRM in the DA3 progenitor and direct col autoregulation via the LateCRM led to hypothesize a handover between the two CRM in the DA3 progenitor. One goal of my thesis project was to challenge this hypothesis and understand how positional and temporal information integrated by EarlyCRM could be memorized via LateCRM, in order to specify cell identity, a fundamental question of developmental biology beyond the specific case of the Drosophila DA3 muscle. [...]
Cavey, Matthieu. "Organisation spatiale de l'adhérence intercellulaire par le cytosquelette d'actine dans l'épithélium embryonnaire de drosophile." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22092pdf.
Full textIntercellular adhesion, crucial for tissue cohesion, is maintained by E-Cadherin (E-Cad) transmembrane proteins which are dynamically linked to the actin cytoskeleton via β- and α-Catenin. To understand how this dynamic interaction stabilizes adhesion and how E-Cad molecules are distributed at the cell surface, i have used drosophila embryonic epithelial cells during my phD. My work reveals two levels of control of adhesion by actin. One population of actin filaments with a slow turnover maintains locally E-Card molecules in stable aggregates. Another population of filaments, with rapid turnover, controls the localization of these aggregates by immobilizing them by an anchoring mechanism which involves α-Catenin. This work identifies the main function of α-Catenin in adhesion control and demonstrates that adhesion is spacially organized at the cell surface
Ghysen, Alain. "Le développement du système nerveux chez la drosophile." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213073.
Full textMonnier, Paul. "Locus H19 et contrôle épigénétique du développement embryonnaire." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066767.
Full textThe H19 locus produces a 2. 3kb non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as well as a micro RNA, the miR-675. It is located at the distal part of the chromosome 7 in mice close to the Igf2 gene. These genes were among the first genes described to be imprinted. Therefore, this locus served as a paradigm to understand molecular mechanisms that drive genomic imprinting, an epigenetic process that leads to monoallelic expression of genes in a parent-of-origin dependent manner. However, the precise function of the H19 locus still remains unclear. Our laboratory recently showed that H19 is a trans-repressor of nine genes, including Igf2, of an imprinted gene network (IGN) involved in growth control of the embryo. The main purpose of my PhD was to decipher mechanisms through which H19 exerts this control. In collaboration with the group of Wolf Reik, we participated to an in-depth analysis of the miR-675. We found that it was linked to the repression of placental growth through the direct targeting of the Igf1r mRNA that encodes for the receptor through which Igf2 exerts its growth promoting effect. Nevertheless, the miR-675 appears to have no effect on the expression of the IGN, thus leading to the conclusion that the H19 mediated downregulation of 9 genes of this network is achieved by the H19 full-length RNA. We showed that this RNA represses several of these targets through an interaction with the MBD1 protein. This protein is involved in the maintenance of the repressive H3K9me3 histone mark. We found that the H19 RNA is necessary to the recruitment of MBD1 to some of its targets, including the Igf2 gene
Assemat, Emeline. "Récepteurs endocytiques multiligands et développement embryonnaire : expression et fonction de la cubiline et de la mégaline pendant le développement embryonnaire chez les rongeurs." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066040.
Full textHuang, Kai-Lian. "L'asymétrie du cerveau chez la drosophile : développement, fonction et évolution." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112043.
Full textWe found the asymmetrical body (AB) in the Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) brain. This asymmetrical structure expresses the neuronal Fasciclin II protein and is thought to be composed by neuronal axons. AB presents in the right hemisphere. AB seems to involve in the formation or retrieval of the long-term memory because four-day long-term memory was not evident in wild-type flies with a symmetrical brain. In wild-type laboratory strains, three categories of flies are observed: right-sided AB forms in the majority of flies, but left-sided AB and bilateral ABs are also formed. This distribution of symmetrical and asymmetrical flies is not due to genetic variability, as a similar phenotypic frequency was observed in an isogenic Dm strain. We studied brain asymmetry in various Drosophila species and found that the AB is not conserved in all of them. Out of 29 species studied, only 8, including Dm, show an AB-like structure. The results suggest that 1) brain asymmetry has appeared on several independent occasions during the evolution of Drosophila, and 2) the apparition of asymmetry in a species is accompanied by a diversity of brain structures that may sustain behavioral diversity. We obtained 4 AB mutant lines after a mutagenesis and identified 3 genes: chameau, tramtrack and Ecdyson-induced protein 75B. The identification of those genes suggests: (1) le development of AB might be controlled by a cell fate determination (neuron/glia) ; (2) AB might submit a remodeling due to the ecdyson during the metamorphosis
Jacob, Yves. "Etude de la regulation de l'expression du gene kruppel au cours du developpement embryonnaire de la drosophile." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077088.
Full textOlivier, Christelle. "Développement du lignage oligodendrocytaire dans le cerveau embryonnaire de poulet." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA120040.
Full textCe travail examine le developpement spatio-temporel du lignage oligodendrocytaire chez l'embryon d'oiseau. Une premiere partie concerne la specification des progeniteurs oligodendrocytaires. Une seconde etudie les migrations des progeniteurs oligodendrocytaires. Chez la souris, des cellules oligodendrocytaires emergent de territoires restreints et discontinus le long du tube neural caracterises par l'expression des transcrits du gene plp/dm20 spassky et al. , 1998. Mon travail a d'abord consiste a savoir si chez l'oiseau, comme chez les mammiferes, l'expression du gene plp/dm20 defini egalement un lignage cellulaire oligodendrocytaire. Une etude comparative de l'expression du gene plp/dm20 et de marqueurs etablis du lignage oligodendrocytaire a ete conduite au cours du developpement embryonnaire chez le poulet. Elle a permis de proposer une cartographie des foyers ventriculaires d'oligodendrogenese et de demontrer que l'emergence des oligodendrocytes est tres precoce et concomitante a celle des premiers neurones. Mon etude a ensuite concerne les voies de migration des precurseurs oligodendrocytaires depuis leur foyer d'origine. En utilisant le systeme des chimeres embryonnaires caille-poulet et grace a la collaboration d'i. Cobos et s. Martinez, nous avons mis en evidence une compartimentation des oligodendrocytes cerebraux en une population caudale aux migrations radiaires limitees et au developpement segmentaire, et une population rostrale, prosencephalique, aux migrations tangentielles extensives. Nous avons egalement montre que chez le poulet l'aire entopedonculaire est la source unique de tous les oligodendrocytes du telencephale
Liu, Zichuan. "Topologie nucléaire et reprogrammation embryonnaire au cours du développement préimplantatoire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0047.
Full textGenome organization is thought to have an important role in gene expression. The objective of this thesis was to test this hypothesis during mammalian early reprogramming after fertilization and upon nuclear transfer (NT), in mouse and rabbit. First, we used somatic cells as donors for NT. We focused on pericentric/centric heterochromatin known to form higher-order chromatin structures. We observed that remodeling into an embryonic-like organization occurs after NT also anomalies were frequently observed. Remarkably, a transient treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA, clearly improved remodeling; this correlated with further developmental potential. Second, we performed NT with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) derived from different somatic cells. We observed rejuvenation of telomeres after NT that correlated with developmental potential of these NT. Together, the results suggest that proper spatio-temporal reorganization of constitutive heterochromatin at the very early embryonic stages is essential for further development
Thisse, Bernard. "Clonage et étude de l'expression d'un gène impliqué dans le développement embryonnaire de la drosophile le gène Twist /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376103112.
Full textFernandes, Isabelle. "Etude fonctionnelle des protéines à domaine Zona Pellucida au cours de la morphogenèse épidermique embryonnaire chez la Drosophile." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/767/.
Full textThe Zona Pellucida Domain (ZPD) defines a conserved family of membrane-anchored matrix proteins that are as yet poorly characterized with respect to their functions during development. Using genetic approaches in flies, we show here that a set of 8 ZPD proteins is required for the localized reorganization of embryonic epidermal cells during morphogenesis. Despite varying degrees of sequence conservation, these ZPD proteins exert specific and non-redundant functions in the remodeling of epidermal cell shape. Each one accumulates in restricted sub-regions of the apical compartment, where it organizes local interactions between the membrane and the extracellular matrix. In addition, ZPD proteins are required to sculpture the actin-rich cell extensions and maintain appropriate polarization of the apical compartment. These results on ZPD proteins therefore reveal a functional sub-compartmentalization of the apical membrane and its role in the polarized control of epithelial cell shape during development
Thisse, Bernard. "Clonage et etude de l'expression d'un gene implique dans le developpement embryonnaire de la drosophile : le gene twist." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13166.
Full textGoriely, Anne E. "Origine et développement du système nerveux périphérique de l'embryon de Drosophile." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213014.
Full textPélissier, Anne Denise Eva. "Etude de la morphogenèse épithéliale dans l'embryon de drosophile." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22036.pdf.
Full textI studied two major aspects of epithelial morphogenesis : epithelial formation and remodelling. My model was the primary epithelium of the Drosophila embryo. First, by characterising intracellular traffic pathways during cellularisation, I identified the recycling endosome as a key intermediate for plasma membrane growth which integrates traffic from the secretory pathway and from the plasma membrane. After cellularisation, epithelial cell intercalation leads to the germ band elongation. I first showed that in this context clathrin-dependant endocytosis regulates cell adhesion by partitioning homophilic adhesion complexes thus allowing for junction remodelling and epithelial dynamics. I also studied how junctions are remodelled in a spatio-temporal stereotyped fashion during cell intercalation. I identified CdGAPr as a new key regulator of this process. CdGAPr is activated by Myosin II only in shrinking adherens junctions, where it recruits activated Rho-GTPases to remodel junctions
Massicotte, Lyne. "Traduction des ARNM maternels d'ovocytes bovins impliqués dans le développement embryonnaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23641/23641.pdf.
Full textDuring the growth and the maturation of the oocyte, organelles, proteins and mRNA known as maternal are stockpiled in order to prepare and supply material to the developing embryo in the main goal to activate the embryonic genome. An oocyte that is able to supply to this step is called developmental competent. The objective of the first experiment was to determine an embryos population with different level of developmental competence. The triple selection lies in two characters related to the oocyte, which are the follicular size and the morphology of the COC and one is related to the embryo, which is the time of first cleavage post insemination. The different population generated by this selection has provided a population highly competent to development and a population lacking developmental competence that will be useful for the study of developmental competence. The objective of the second experiment was the study of the proteomic of the translated maternal mRNA during the early embryo development. We wanted to know which proteins play the role of maternal housekeeping proteins during oocyte maturation and early embryo development. This experiment has clearly demonstrated that when the oocyte resume meiosis (Coenen et al., 2004) and after fertilization, the translated protein pattern follows a continuum events which conducts embryo to his activation. Although they are supply by the same reservoir of mRNA, the needs of the oocyte and the embryo are different. Only about fifty proteins are commonly translated during oocyte maturation and early development. Eleven of them have been identified: HSC71; HSP70; CypA (2 times); UCHL1; GSTM5; Cct5; E-FABP; 2,3-BPGM, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D3; and β- actin/γ-actin. The third experiment consists of the discovery of factors related to developmental competence. Three populations from the triple selection with high, low and developmental competence was compared by a proteomic study. This study has shown that developmental incompetent embryos translate a minimum of maternal mRNA, which the majority is the embryo housekeeping found in the previous study. Whereas high and low developmental iv competent embryos present shared and exclusive translated proteins, these proteins represent potential factors related to developmental competence. By trying to identify these proteins, we have found that most translated proteins are transient and are not accumulated in the cytoplasm. In spite of this observation, we have identified six proteins: cytosolic thiolase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, peroxiredoxin 6, proteasome-α6, hypothetical protein My027 and thiamine triphosphatase. Two maternal housekeeping proteins were also missing for the incompetent 2-cell embryos: UCH-L1 and CypA. From these experiments, a new method of protein identification confirmation, called in silico confirmation, was developed. As the genome and the proteome of Bos taurus is limited, the protein identification was made in foreign species or from Bos taurus EST databases. This method as made possible to rebuilt the bos taurus messager, to translate the bovine protein, find his theoretical peptide mass fingerprint and compare it to the experimental spectrum and thus increase the number of matched peptides. In conclusion, the proteomic study on the developmental competence of the bovine oocyte has identified of a reduce number of candidates compared to genomic studies. A new method has been developed during this work. The in silico confirmation allowed the confirmation of protein identification without additional material.
Mucchielli, Marie-Laurence. "Caractérisation de gènes à homéoboîtes impliqués dans le développement embryonnaire murin." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22016.
Full textBorensztein, Maud. "Rôle des gènes Myod et Igf2 dans le développement embryonnaire murin." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066374.
Full textReignier, Arnaud. "Analyses du développement embryonnaire humain pré-implantatoire : comprendre pour mieux choisir." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1033.
Full textSince the beginning of Assisted Reproduction, the choice of the embryo to be transferred has been a major issue. ln addition to the morphological evaluation, time-lapse technology with morphokinetic analysis offers promising results but not a clear improvement in embryo selection, given the heterogeneity of the cohorts studied and the manual nature of embryo annotation. The externalized analysis of several morphokinetic models predictive of pregnancy, mainly KIDScore™Day 5, on our database has confirmed a correlation between embryo score and chances of pregnancy but also their low predictive power of pregnancy. A review of the literature concluded that no morphokinetic parameter is capable of predicting the chromosomal status of the embryo with sufficient accuracy. Therefore, time-lapse technology alone cannot be used for this purpose and cannot substitute embryo biopsy and associated genomic analysis in PGD-A or translocation research. Since the previous results can be explained by heterogeneous manual annotation of morphokinetics events in addition to the lack of large-scale studies, we have developed a fully automated morphokinetic annotation tool by image analysis. This tool is able to quickly and reproducibly annotate large morphokinetic databases
Jenzer, Céline. "Physiopathologie de l’autophagie au cours du développement embryonnaire chez Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS201.
Full textMacroautophagy is a major ubiquitous catabolic process which allows the bulk degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents by formation of double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes which then fuse with lysosomes. This process is involved in a large variety of physiological processes such as development, anti-aging, cell death and in human pathologies like cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. My thesis work revealed the existence of sequential and specific roles of autophagic proteins LGG-1 and LGG-2, homologs of Atg8/LC3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we focused on a particular population of autophagosomes involved in a physiological process in early embryos: the degradation of paternal mitochondria during fertilization. We showed that LGG-1 is recruited at the early autophagosomes and allows LGG -2 recruitment which acts later in the autophagic process to allow the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Moreover, the function of LGG -1 can be complemented with its human homologs revealing the interest of the C. elegans model system for analyzing Atg8 homologs.Furthermore, recent studies have identified the recruitment of autophagic proteins during phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the so called LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). By genetic and cellular approaches, using optical and electron microscopy, I showed that there is a different involvement of autophagic proteins, LGG-1 and LGG-2 in the degradation of apoptotic cells in C. elegans. LGG-2 protein, specifically, plays a role in phagocytic cell to degrade apoptotic corpses. Moreover, this work suggest a function of autophagy in the apoptotic corpses to allow phagocytosis
Hamidi, Jamal. "Etude des stades précoces de développement embryonnaire : coculture in vitro dans l'oviducte et sur mono couches de cellules épithéliales tubaires." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0022.
Full text[Embryos of many species of mammals do not lead to normal cleavage and development, with lost of viability, when they are manipulated in vitro out of their natural site. Two hypothesis are described in literature about the origin of this "Cell-block" : One is related to maternal cytoplasmic factors, the second one equally involves cytoplasm and nucleus. Our results, obtained with back-cross experiments, are in agreement with cytoplasmic hypothesis. In the study of oviduct-embryo relationships and of "embryo-trophic factors" implication, results are always contradictory, especially for hormone dependence (WHITTINGHAM, 1968 ; MINAMI et al. , 1988). Using the technique of coculture in prepubertal oviduct, without any serum addition or hormonal treatment, we can now assert the non hormone dependence of embryotrophic factors and the aptitude of prepubertal oviduct to sustain the early embryo development (HAMIDI et al. , 1988 ; MENEZO et al. , 1989). Moreover, we have demonstrated that the tubular secretions are not embryo dependent: embryo don't induce increased cAMP level nor amino acids influx in the oviduct. Furthermore, using a substitute of serum, Ultroser G, we obtained for the first time a confluent monolayers of epithelial cells derived from mouse oviduct. Embryo coculture on those monolayers allowed an important level of embryo development with maintenance of chronology, morphology and viability. This performance does not seem specie-specific nor strictly tissue-specific. About the metabolism of glucoside, the modification of culture medium by epithelial cells (monolayers), is in agreement with the observation of CHA TOT et al. (1989) ; however, this result is not confirmed by the use of other cell supports. ]
Delmas, Vincent. "Morphométrie du rein au cours du développement embryonnaire et chez l'homme adulte." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05S008.
Full textHamel, Patrice. "Modélisation de la chronologie du développement embryonnaire du meunier noir, catostomus commersoni." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5124/1/000626117.pdf.
Full textSchaeffer, Valérie. "Rôle de Bicoid chez la drosophile : intercations avec Hunchback et Torso." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20102.
Full textSakr, Samy. "Fonction différentielle des protéines du groupe Polycomb durant le développement de la drosophile." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T021/document.
Full textPolycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that were historically identified as regulators of homeotic genes. However, PcG proteins are now recognized as repressors of genes controlling the cell cycle. In this study we analyzed the role of the PcG genes E(z), Su(z)12, Pc, ph, Sce, Scm, and Psc-Su(z)2 in control of proliferation of epithelial cells in imaginal discs in vivo. Using null mutations of these genes, we investigated the involvement of these proteins in growth, differentiation and cell polarity. Surprisingly, we found that mutation of specific PcG proteins induce differential effects on the overall growth of the eye-antennal imaginal disc. In particular, we investigated the involvement of these proteins in biological processes such as proliferation, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, whose deregulation is associated with tumorigenesis. In this work, we found that PcG complexes do not behave as expected: different PRC1 proteins components do not assume the same functions, and PRC1 and PRC2 complexes may actually induce antagonistic effects. Thus, we have divided these proteins into two subgroups: The first contains PH and Psc-Su(z)2 and acts as tumor suppressors. The second group contains E(z), Su(z)12 and PC, and these proteins appear to favor cell proliferation. Finally, we looked for targets whose deregulation may correlate with the mutant phenotypes. We have identified several signaling pathways involved in Drosophila eye development that are regulated in an opposing manner in mutants of these two subgroups
Jay, Philippe. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux gènes exprimés au cours du développement embryonnaire humain." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T003.
Full textAssou, Saïd. "Étude du transcriptome du développement embryonnaire précoce humain : ovocyte et cellules souches embryonnaires." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T014.
Full textRuaud, Anne-Françoise. "Contrôle temporel du développement post-embryonnaire de Caenorhabditis elegans par des signalisations neuroendocrines." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066581.
Full textBellacosa, Alfonso. "Le locus MED1 dans la réparation de l'ADN et lors du développement embryonnaire." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112247.
Full textThe base excision repair enzyme MED1 (also known as MBD4), identified as an interactor of the mismatch repair (MMR) protein MLH1, acts as a thymine and uracil DNA N-glycosylase specific for G:T and G:U mismatches at CpG sites. Methylating agents are a class of antitumor drugs that cause cytotoxicity by inducing O6-methyguanine (O6-meG). O6-meG can direct misincorporation of thymine during replication, generating O6-meG:T mismatches. MED1 was found to exhibit thymine glycosylase activity on O6-meG:T mismatches. We generated mice with targeted inactivation of the Med1 gene and prepared mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with different Med1 genotype. Unlike wild type and heterozygous cultures, Med1-/- MEFs failed to undergo G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis upon treatment with the methylating agent Nmethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Resistance of Med1-/- MEFs to MNNG was due to a tolerance mechanism, because DNA damage accumulated but did not elicit checkpoint activation. Interestingly, steady state amounts of several MMR proteins are reduced in Med1-/MEFs, in comparison to Med1+/+ and Med1+/+ MEFs. Thus, MED1 has an additional role in DNA damage response to anti-tumor agents and is associated with integrity of the MMR system. Embryonic lethality in mice was caused by homozygosity for the targeted Med1 allele lacking exons 1 to 3, but not for the allele lacking exons 2 to 5. This discrepancy maybe explained by concurrent inactivation of neighboring gene Wdr10. Wdr10 shares a portion of exon 1 with Med1 in the opposite orientation. This suggests that the two genes may represent a functional unit necessary for normal development
Lefeuvre, Bruno. "Rôle de l'innervation dans la myogénèse au cours du développement embryonnaire chez l'oiseau." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2018.
Full textPicardo, Michel. "Origine embryonnaire et propriétés morpho-physiologiques des neurones hubs de l'hippocampe en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4057.
Full textWe have recently demonstrated the existence of functional hubs driving network synchronizations in the developing hippocampus. Hubs are a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons displaying widespread axonal projections. During my PhD, using paired electrophysiological recordings, I have shown that hub cells are synaptically connected to a large number of neurons (Bonifazi et al. 2009). Next, using genetic fate mapping approaches, I have demonstrated that early born GABAergic neurons constitute a subpopulation of hub cells. These pioneer hub cells remain into adulthood and develop into GABAergic neurons with an extrahippocampal projection (Picardo et al. 2011). This suggests that hub function may to retained into adulthood, at least structurally
Soggia, Andrea. "Développement embryonnaire du pancréas chez la souris : étude du rôle de HIF-1alpha." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T016/document.
Full textThe pancreas is an endoderm-derived organ which is composed by both an exocrine and an endocrine compartment. Within the endocrine tissu, insulin-producing beta-cells are essential for the regulation of glucose homeostasis. The loss of beta-cells can lead to pathologies such as diabetes. Currently, people suffuring from diabetes can be treated but not permanently cured. The development of innovating therapeutical approaches, like cellular therapy or regenerative medecine, relies on the precise knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the ontogenesis of pancreatic beta-cells. Different studies have linked proper embryonic development and low-oxygen tension (pO2). Specifically, when embryonic pancreases are cultured in vitro under a hypoxic condition (pO2=3%), the beta-cells development is impaired compared to a normoxic condition (pO2=21%). Different pathways are involved in the cell adaptation to hypoxia, such as the ubiquitous Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha). The aim of my PhD project was to elucidate the role of HIF-1alpha during pancreatic development in vivo. To do so, we used genetically modified mice allowing the constitutive stabilization of HIF-1alpha in pancreatic epithelial cells. We have shown that HIF-1alpha stabilization leads to a reduction of endocrine differentiation and beta-cells development. Moreover, using a pharmacological approach in vitro consisting in deleting endothelial cells, we rescued the endocrine differentiation in the mutant pancreases. In conclusion, my data demonstrated the negative influence of both HIF-1 and endothelial cells on endocrine differentiation processes
Taelman, Vincent. "Etude du facteur de transcription XHRT1 dans le développement embryonnaire chez le xénope." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211002.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous avons déterminé le profil d’expression de XHRT1 au cours de l’embryogenèse. Nous avons observé que ce gène est fortement exprimé au stade neurula dans le plancher du tube neural, et que plus tardivement celui-ci est exprimé dans différentes régions du système nerveux, dans les somites et le dans le pronéphros. Comme attendu pour un membre de la famille des facteurs bHLH-O, nous avons également observé que l’expression précoce de HRT1 au niveau du plancher du tube neural est bien régulée par la voie de signalisation Notch.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle et au mode d’action du facteur XHRT1 dans le développement du plancher du tube neural. Nous avons pu montrer que XHRT1 agit comme répresseur transcriptionnel et que cette répression nécessite la présence du domaine bHLH et de séquences en aval de celui-ci. Nous avons montré en embryon que la surexpression précoce de XHRT1 induit un blocage de l’expression des marqueurs du mésoderme et une augmentation de marqueur du plancher du tube neural, ce qui est en accord avec le modèle selon lequel la voie de signalisation Notch interviendrait dans le choix de la destinée des cellules de la région médiane en inhibant la différenciation des cellules en notocorde et en favorisant leur différenciation en cellules du plancher du tube neural. XHRT1 n’étant cependant activé qu’à partir du stade neurula, nous avons conclu que les effets observés n’étaient probablement pas dus à XHRT1 mais à un autre facteur bHLH-O apparenté exprimé plus précocement dans les cellules de la ligne mediane de l’embryon. Afin d’éviter ces effets non spécifiques précoces, nous avons utilisé un vecteur d’expression de XHRT1 permettant un contrôle temporel de l’activité de la protéine. Nous avons ainsi montré que l’activation de XHRT1 au stade neurula dans l’ectoderme inhibe la différenciation des cellules précurseurs neurales en neurones et qu’il pourrait ainsi jouer un rôle important dans le développement du plancher du tube neural. Nos résultats ont montré également que XHRT1 est capable d’homo- et hétérodimériser in vivo avec les facteurs Xhairy1 et Xhairy2b coexprimés avec XHRT1 dans le plancher du tube neural. Enfin, nous avons montré que les propriétés de dimérisation de XHRT1 sont dépendantes non seulement du domaine bHLH, mais aussi du domaine Orange et des séquences situées en aval, séquences jouant un rôle important dans le choix du partenaire.
Des travaux récents ayant montré que la voie de signalisation Notch joue un rôle important dans le développement du rein, nous avons voulu déterminer l’importance de XHRT1 dans le développement du pronéphros. Nos résultats ont montré que XHRT1 ainsi que d’autres facteurs bHLH-O sont exprimés de manière dynamique, d’abord dans le glomus puis dans la partie dorso-antérieure de l’ébauche du pronéphros à l’origine des tubules proximaux, et que leur expression est régulée positivement par Notch. La surexpression de XHRT1 à la fin de la neurulation inhibe la formation du canal et du tubule distal, tandis que l’inhibition de la traduction de la protéine entraîne une réduction de l’expression de marqueurs spécifiques des tubules proximaux et du glomus. Ces résultats démontrent que XHRT1 joue un rôle important comme médiateur de la voie de signalisation Notch dans le pronéphros.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
González, Morales Nicanor. "L'intestin adulte comme modèle d'étude de l'asymétrie droite-gauche chez la Drosophile : couplage entre la myosine ID et la polarité planaire dans l'asymétrie droite-gauche chez la Drosophile." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4071/document.
Full textStereotyped left right (LR) asymmetry ensures proper looping of internal organs. In Drosophila, the adult hindgut (AHG) has a clear stereotypical dextral loop and, like all LR asymmetric organs, require MyoID for correct orientation. MyoID is an unconventional myosin type I that binds to DE-Cadherin, this association is required for proper LR establishment; however the mechanism that translates MyoID chirality into proper morphogenesis remains unknown. The AHG is a long tube coiled dextrally and located in the middle of the abdominal region. It develops from a cluster of progenitors containing two different populations of cells, H1 and H2. Here, we show that MyoID controls the AHG dextral loop by binding to the atypical cadherin Dachsous in H1 cells. Further, Ds-Fat signaling propagates towards the H2 cells which in turn become polarized towards the right and consequently loop. H1 is a transient population of cells that wear off in the first hours of metamorphosis; nevertheless the dextral information generated in H1 is maintained in H2 cells due to the cooperative action of PCP components. We demonstrate that the molecular basis of the LR establishment downstream of MyoID action lies in the PCP system, which has a double role transmitting and maintaining a dextral signal in the AHG. Thus, we provide for the first time a link in L/R morphogenesis between Drosophila and vertebrates in which PCP mutants result in L/R defects. Furthermore, in our attempts to better understand the evolution of L/R morphogenesis we found the recently co-Appearance of a myoID cis-Regulatory element and the AHG dextral loop, during Drosophila evolution, suggesting that changes in myoID express
Abi, Nahed Roland. "Les phospholipases A2 au cours de la fécondation et du développement embryonnaire préimplantatoire : mécanismes moléculaires d'action et développement thérapeutique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV031/document.
Full textFor the last ten years, the impairment of the male reproductive functions has highly increased, while the use of assisted reproductive techniques has also increased. Despite this evolution, the pregnancy rates obtained in in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain low, as only one in two couples will obtain a pregnancy after 4 attempts. Research has to discover new ways to gain in reproductive impact. Hence, many studies have recently been developed to test molecules that could improve the IVF results. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are part of these molecules. They play an important role, because of their abundant expression in: male reproductive organs, in ejaculated sperm and in the female tract. Several studies have suggested a role for members of the secreted phospholipase A2 family in capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and fertilization. We demonstrated previously that sperm from mGX knock-out mice had a severely impaired fertilization potential in vitro, but the molecular nature of these enzymes and their specific functions have remained elusive. Our aims were to study the mechanism of the acrosome reaction by focusing on different kinds of PLA2 using inhibitors and knockout mice for each type of PLA2. We demonstrate the importance of iPLA2β in spontaneous AR occurring during capacitation. We also show that iPLA2β and sPLA2 of group X are both involved in progesterone (P4)-induced AR in mouse sperm. In addition we show that in the mouse neither P4 nor any of the other sPLA2s tested are able to mimic the IVF improvement obtained with mGX-treatment. We also demonstrate that this improvement obtained with phospholipase A2 murine group X is not dependent on the rate of AR. These results demonstrate that sPLA2s are not commutable in the context of mouse sperm fertility, indicating that group X sPLA2 is unique to improve fertility outcome
Vanolst, Luc. "Pannier et le développement de la Drosophile : Un modèle de choix pour l'étude in vivo des enhancers." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/VANOLST_Luc_2006.pdf.
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