Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement endogène'
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Cahu, Paul. "Financement endogène de l'éducation : convergence vers le développement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010024.
Full textSedjari, Ali. "L' administration locale : adaptation des structures pour un développement endogène." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D023.
Full textKammoun, Niazi. "Développement financier, développement économique : le rôle de l'innovation financière." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020011.
Full textCollard, Fabrice. "Croissance endogène et fluctuations : contribution à une analyse intégrée." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010036.
Full textCycles and growth are considered as two linked phenomenons. But macroeconomics usually studies each of them separately. On the one hand, cycle theorists analyze the data purged from their trend. On the other hand, growth theorists focus on the existence and convergence of a balanced growth path. This leads not to take into account the long run effects of fluctuations on the dynamics of aggregates and not to analyze the effects of growth on the behavior of individuals within the business cycle. The main aim of this dissertation is to analyze these two phenomena in a unified framework. We first propose an econometric analysis of the long run effect of conjonctural disturbances on the dynamics of main oecd economies. We show that the entire set of shocks may alter the long run growth path. We thus find a sufficient condition to the existence of an endogenous growth. We then propose a theoretical framework allowing to study the growth-cycle relation, and then examine the ability of such an integrated approach to palliate the insufficiencies of standard rbc models. We then try to evaluate the normatives implications of this integration. Then, we try to analyze the consequences of growth on unemployment dynamics. Finally, we try to furnish a model that allows to mimic the asymetric behavior of growth cycles
Hasnaoui, Mohamed. "Habitat et développement endogène en Algérie : perspectives d'un nouvel aménagement du territoire." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0035.
Full textTill today, algeria's problems of habitat and territory planning have never been taken into serious consideration. Disorder reigns since the days of otoman-algeria. The absence of attention has resulted in a major discrepancy between the modes and standards of life in the urban and the rural areas. This has onl-aggravated the housing problems all over the country. With an annual per capita income of more than two thousand dollars, an algerian can be expected to invest more in housing. An increase in the number of houses constructed will not only be benefecial to the economic progress of the country, but can also allow us to define and adopt a better strategy for endogenous development and planning of territory
Missotte, Philippe. "Endogène et exogène en développement mélanésien de Nouvelle-Calédonie : une décennie 1970-1980." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0120.
Full textMenu, dit Huart Laura. "Etude du potentiel endogène de réparation de la rétine adulte." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13002.
Full textIn light of different recent results suggesting that the adult mammalian central nervous system can produce new neurons, possibly as an endogenous repair mechanism, we investigated whether neurogenesis occurs in response to photoreceptor degeneration in the rd1 mouse, a model of human-inherited retinal dystrophy. Bromodeoxy-Uridine (BrdU) incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression experiments detected cell proliferation in the extreme peripheral retina, in both wt and rd1 retina, independent of degeneration. BrdU incorporation and PCNA expression also occurred in rd1 photoreceptors. Our results strongly suggest that these photoreceptors are undergoing DNA repair rather than coming from a proliferative event: p53, MDM2, PCNA, DNA ligase IV and XRCC4 are expressed before photoreceptor death, consistent with a model where photoreceptors expressing the rd1 mutation activate a process of DNA repair but which is overwhelmed by the disease mutation leading to apoptotic death. The existence of such a balance offers potential new targets for neuroprotective approaches. On the other hand, we hypothesised retinal glial cells could be neuronal progenitors, as shown for radial glia during cerebral development and for astrocytes in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. To test if glial cells are able to transform into photoreceptors in response to their degeneration, we used a transgenic mouse enabling to follow glial cells through their specific infection with an avian retrovirus. In the mouse model of retinal degeneration due to rd1 expression, the absence of glial proliferation does not allow to infect glial cells with a retrovirus
Masquin, Benoît. "Financement de la recherche scientifique et croissance endogène." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0041.
Full textIn the first instance the thesis studies two difficulties of financing scientific research. The first concerns the type of financing chosen and the second, the choice of the amount to be financed in an open economy. To study these questions, we have developed an extension of Romer's (1990) endogenous growth model, including a sector of scientific research. Then, we show that financing science by an ad-valorem tax penalise growth. However, this cost may be reduced if complementary policies are engaged. These complementary policies relate to train researchers, competition in the sector of innovation and the choice of a more targeted tax. Concerning the investment to be made in scientific research, we show that this investment depends on the choices made by other open economies, which implies a risk of free riding. We observe that a country disposing of more high skilled labour will met relatively more that a country with less resources. However, we show that, the existence of differences in financing is, in the majority of cases, beneficial for all. We have developed a second theme which studies the best moment for the adoption of new technologies by developing countries. We show that, in the presence of obstacles to the adoption of the technologies, it is not optimal to invest in new technology and increase the total factor productivity until the country reach a certain level of development. We thus show that an economy may be caught in a poverty trap and that a too substantial investment in human capital made lead to waste
Tena-Gachaou, Béthe Selassié. "Stratégie de développement endogène dans une économie insulaire : l'éxemple du Cap Vert (1975-1990)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX24009.
Full textThe cape verde islands were led by the paicv from 1975 to 1991. The party was inspired by the heritage of amilcar-cabral one of the first theoreticians of national liberation struggies to come out with the basic ingredients of what has becom concept of endegenous development. In this research we will try to determine if the theory of endegenous development has real relevance to the capeverdean and if the successors of a. Cabral have lived up to the heritage. We have tried to start from the historical phase in order to indentify the basic elements of capeverdean identity, of it and the problems of the diaspora, in order to assess on what concrete reality and theoretical and doctrinal basis the tw development plans were worked out. We will try to see if the economic and social objectives have been attained. Then we will try to assess the results by a economic approach before proceeding to study some projects to see how and if they are in conformity with the qualitative approach inherent in the theory of endegenous development. By identifying some loop holes, particularly in connection with the methods and instruments of evaluation, we will put f some proposals aimed at improving the decision making process, the follow up and evaluation mechanisms of policies and projects inspired by the principles of endegenous development
Pindard, Alain. "Développement agricole et formation en Guyane : à la recherche d'une logique endogène (1965-1995)." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20086.
Full textThe french authorities made exogenous experiences of development, which transformed the agrarian landscape in guiana. It was especially the case of the "green scheme" ; that remains uncertain in spite of a spectacular start. These attemps were studied between 1965 and 1995, and showed the limits of an agricultural development transplanted in a so different and complex reality. At the same time, a secondary agriculture, discredited by the establishment, revealed itself dynamic and adequate to the natural possibilities. Agricultural education began slowly but was able to support all constraints and to expand in the eighties and nineties years (particularly). This education transforme a little the agricultural economy, by supporting an exogenous development. Regarding the failures of exogenous model and the real possibilities of guiana,we think that we must attempt the endogenous development chalenge. This prospect involves a revolution in mentalities, new priorities, and other institutional tranformations. Agricultural education would become essential in an endogenous way of development due to its capacity to reconcile the respect of this equatorial forest with the economical activities (agriculture and forest, valorization of local animals and vegetables, rural tourism). This chalenge concerning as much school training as continuing education of farmers, represents an opportunity for the different agricultural actors to erase past mistakes
Bonetto, Fabienne. "Etat et croissance endogène : analyse théorique et empirique du rôle des investissements publics." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0045.
Full textDa, Costa Pascal. "Un progrès technique pour le développement durable ? Recherche sur l'intensité et la direction du changement technique propre." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011528.
Full textCarpin, Eric. "Une analyse du rôle du capital humain dans les modèles de croissance endogène." Antilles-Guyane, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AGUY0029.
Full textThe omnipresence of the human capital is one of the main aspect of the +new endogenous growth theories;. But the way these models integer it rises some questions. In particular the way that endogenous innovation models consider it isn't satisfactory. The focus on the endogenous growth theories favor the resurgence of the old distribution questions. In particular, the link between the accumulation in human capital and the inequalities distribution, and the influence of the inequalities on the economic growth. The emphasis on the human capital led to bringing together the sociological and economic analysis. The allocation problems of human capital between the economic activities became indeed a source of interest for the profession since the last years. So, this new literature enlarge the frontiers of the endogenous growth models. Our theoritical approach of the role of human capital in growth theories emphasize this aspect. We have also an empirical contribution. We asses the participation of the human capital to the economic growth and the effect of the human capital dispersion on its global accumulation
Abdel, Hay Marc. "Le développement du système financier et la croissance économique." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0022.
Full textEndogenous growth models consider that the development of financial system has a positive effect on economic growth. We analyse in this work this assertion by studying the interaction between financial system development and economic growth evolution. Two parts compose our work. In the first part we study the relationship between financial intermediaries and growth theorically and empirically. Then we introduce in the second part the financial markets in order to analyse the effect of financial system with its two main components, on economic growth. Then, in a last chapter, we analyse the demand impact on this relationship by introducing household and companies
Eggoh, Jude Comlanvi. "Croissance économique et développement financier : éléments d'analyse théorique et empirique." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0506/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the relationship between financial development and growth through theoretical and empirical assessments. (i) The theoretical contribution can be sum up in three points: at first we show by means of a simple model of endogenous growth that financial development and growth relationship can be characterized by multiple balances. Then, using overlapping generation’s model, we find that financial equilibrium is better than non financial equilibrium as far as the share of income invested and growth are more raised at the level of the first balance than the second. Finally, by taking into account financial innovation in endogenous growth model, we show that the allocation of productive resources in financial sector increases its efficiency and the externality effect on real sector, which improve the economic growth. (ii) The empirical assessments show at first a positive link between finance and growth. In spite of the relationship between financial development and its instability, this last has negative impact on growth only in short run. As for the causality between both variables, it is bi-directional as well in developed and developing countries. Finally, we show that finance and growth relationship is non-linear; what confirms theoretical results obtained through the multiple balances. The non-linearity can depend not only on structural parameters, but also on economic policies. Then, we can identify the structural characteristics and the economic policies that allow narrow relationship between real and financial sectors
Leré, Carole. "Neuroprotection endogène et épilepsie : mise en évidence en situation de tolérance et d' environnement enrichi." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28928.
Full textMulamba, Tshamala. "Identité ethnique & développement endogène dans l'univers Tshokwe : recherche d'une voie originale pour la promotion rurale." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H031.
Full textNyssen, Jules. "Le modèle de croissance endogène avec microéconomie de l'innovation : un bon instrument pour l'analyse économique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX24003.
Full textThis thesis takes place within the endogenous growth theories frameworks. Its object is a particular model that we call endogenous growth model with microeconomics of innovation because this model provides a detailed analysis of the individual determinants of investment. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that such a model may constitute a good instrument for economic analysis, in part because it integrates some microeconomic explanations into a macro-analysis. In order to demonstrate this, the thesis is organised in six chapters. Chapters 1 is the general introduction. It recalls the main ideas of the schumpeterian analysis of the innovation process and defines the methodological framework of out work. Chapter 2 is devoted to the genesis of the endogenous growth theories and sheds light on the fundamental law that lies as the heart of all the growth models from this category. Chapter 3 provides a very detailed analysis of the model with microeconomic of innovation and exhibits both its richness and some of its weaknesses. Chapter 4 and 5 are each one an application of this kind of models to a given economic problem. Chapter 4 is devoted to the relationship between growth and unemployment. It sheds light on the new explanations that this model may provide about the longrun links between technical progress and employment. Chapter 5 focuses on the effects of patents lifetime on the rate of innovation and growth. Chapter 6 constitutes the general conclusion. IIt allows us to examine critically the previous conclusions, to evaluate the real of Schumpeter's work that has been integrated into the new theories, and lastly to draw some new research lines that all try to take better into account the innovation process within the analysis of growth
Albert, Christophe. "De l'influence des préférences des consommateurs sur l'innovation dans les modèles de croissance endogène." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010066.
Full textEscudie, Virginie. "Du "développement" et de la "technologie" : impasses des représentations exogènes et émergence de programmes alternatifs." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/701/.
Full textThe thesis aims to examine the logic of development policies in order to gain a better understanding of the results obtained in the past and to interpret new programs. The notion of "representation" is introduced to uncover the normative meaning of the terms "development" and "technology" under their apparent neutrality. The analysis of the semantic evolution of those terms reveals how they have developed to form a coherent set of representations, presented as neutral and universal. Since the 1950's these exogenous representations have manifested themselves through the strategies elaborated for the transfer of technology. In spite of the theoretical and idelogical diversity that characterises the history of development, the latter has subsequently been based on those representations. Given the mixed outcome of the resulting policies and theoretical impasses outlined in this thesis, it appears necessary to question these representations. This debate is inscribed within a current of thought that has developed over the last 25 years in the field of humanities. The analysis of that current reveals how the notion of "meaningful action" initiated a shift of paradigm. The emergence of new theories and disciplines based on an interdisciplinary approach to development and technology is in keeping with the pragmatic and interpretative logic that characterises the new paradigm. Development and technology started to be appehended as a social facts, as constructed realities located specifically, meaningful for the actors. The recent "indigenous knowledge program" developed by the Word Bank testifies to a parallel evolutionin the policies. The analysis of this initiative reveals endogenous representations of development and technology which give precedence to the actor and tradition over the expert and modernity
Sehki, Hayat. "Rôle d’un suppresseur endogène de RNAi dans le développement de la plante et ses interactions avec les pathogènes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB034.
Full textPost-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is a defense mechanism that targets invading nucleic acids of endogenous (transposons) or exogenous (pathogens, transgenes) origins. During virus infection, PTGS theoretically targets double-stranded (ds)RNA intermediates of viral replication and viral single-stranded RNAs; however, most viruses encode proteins, referred to as viral suppressor of RNAi (VSR), which inhibit PTGS. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, an enzyme referred to as RNase THREE-LIKE 1 (RTL1) is induced in response to viral infection and cleaves dsRNAs in a non-specific manner. This enzyme should provide a second line of defense by cleaving viral dsRNAs, but VSR that inhibit PTGS generally inhibit RTL1, indicating that viruses had put in place tools that simultaneously counteract these two defense mechanisms. Nevertheless, at least one virus, Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), is not able to inhibit RTL1 and in fact seems to take advantage of RTL1 to successfully infect A. thaliana (Shamandi et al., 2015).In this thesis, we deepened the study of Arabidopsis-TYMV interaction. We show that TYMV is not able to inhibit PTGS execution but is able to inhibit PTGS amplification. This effect is due to the viral protein P69, and we show that P69 localizes in cytoplasmic foci called siRNA-bodies, where PTGS amplification takes place. Furthermore, using in house-generated rtl1 mutants, we show that the lack of RTL1 delays TYMV infection and promotes the production of siRNAs directed against the virus, whereas RTL1 overexpression enhances viral symptoms and suppresses the production of anti-viral siRNAs. We show that RTL1 is found in siRNA-bodies, and we show that RTL1 attacks not only dsRNAs but also siRNAs. These results indicate that, TYMV successfully infect A. thaliana by : i) replicating in chloroplast membrane invaginations (Prod’homme et al., 2003), which likely shelter dsRNAs intermediates of replication from PTGS and RTL1, ii) inducing RTL1 expression, which promotes the destruction of dsRNAs and siRNAs produced by PTGS in siRNA-bodies in response to TYMV infection, and iii) expressing the P69 protein to inhibit residual PTGS amplification.Despite a neutral or detrimental effect on plant anti-viral PTGS, RTL1 is conserved in all Arabidopsis accessions, and the study of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions ratios in RTL1 genes from 42 dicotyledonous plant reveals that RTL1 is under the control of a conservative selection, suggesting an essential role. In A. thaliana, RTL1 is weakly expressed in roots, in senescent tissues and during seed development. Phenotyping wild-type plants and rtl1 mutants did not revealed any significant morphological differences, but we observed that seeds weight is enhanced in rtl1 mutants. Moreover, we observed an increased senescence in rtl1 mutants, in particular in the Ler accession. This difference between Ler and Col prompted us to determine if RTL1 could participate in the natural variability of transgene PTGS efficiency between Ler (weak PTGS) and Col (strong PTGS). We observed that rtl1 mutations have no significant effect on PTGS efficiency in Col, but enhances PTGS efficiency in Ler, up to the level of Col, which could be explained by a strongest RTL1 expression in Ler compared to Col. These results indicate that the effect of RTL1 impairment should be further examined in normal and infectious contexts by focusing on Ler rather than Col
Hiol, Janvier. "Pratique du marketing dans les P. M. E. Du Cameroun : Avenir et développement." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131004.
Full textCameroon is a country of central africa. Independent since 1960, cameroon faces the social and economic problems of a modern state. Its traditional social structures conserve an economy of subsistence. Business undertaking is unknown. However, the survival of nations depends upon the economical performance of enterprises undertaking. The state of cameroon has contributed to the making up of great para-public societies which need foreign investments. After two decades, this experience is a bright failure. This development model has not permitted the economic take off expected. The cameroonian business undertaking missed the area of freedom authorising the competition. The clan and the tribe have suffocated the business undertaking. The public administration and over obliging management have prevented the initiative. Cameroon orientates its development on little and middle enterprises. This option asks for new ways of promoting and training the economy, the science and the culture. From now on, the national promoters should master the principles of organization and management. One must allot the aims of competitivity and performance to the little and middle enterprises. One should integrate the business undertaking as partner into the community environment in order to favour in this way the self development of cameroon
Dion, David-Pascal. "Intégration régionale et développement économique : impact de l'intégration régionale sur la croissance et la localisation des activités économiques." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090044.
Full textEparvier, Patrick. "Théories de la croissance endogène et théories évolutionnistes : un exemple de concurrence théorique et empirique en sciences économiques." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/eparvier_p.
Full textWith the endogenous growth theories and the evolutionary theories, growth and technical change analysis has been facing important theoretical developments since the mid eighties. One subject shared by the two theories concerns the links between the economic growth of countries and their innovation activities. The fact that two theories deal with the same questions raises two problems. The first is a methodological one and is about the theoretical confrontation in economics, as well as the ability of the theories to explain and illustrate a certain number of stylised facts. The second is a normative one and refers to choices of policy recommendations to enhance innovation and growth. The existence of different recommendations, on the same issues, from these theories induces another level of competition. This work is a theoretical and empirical comparison of these two theories and proposes some reflections on competition of their policy recommendations
Glémain, Pascal. "Financement, croissance endogène, régionalisation et développememnt." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4022.
Full textSince currency in 1999, free provision in banking and financial services since 1992 have been offering new dynamics to the building of Europe. Euroland's steady state is expected to yield efficiency to the financing of economic growth and local development. However, this domestic view on financial system seems more and more questionable. Indeed, the theory of international trade uses new geographical economic models whose central concept is "region" and for us : euroregion. Therefore, we want to set up a local model of develoment, and new groth evidence. Firstly, we are locally assessing the European banking industry ant its financial systems. Secondly, we've considered loacla disparities in development through local banking and financial industry, through regional GDP and, through labour euromarkets. Thirdly, we assume the Euroland's growth and euroregional development will depend on space and saving policies under the condition of public expenditures so as to reduce banking costs. The examination of regional savings leads us to the conclusion that local economies may be learning regions
Chriki, Abdelhafidh. "Espoirs et limites d'un développement endogène dans la zone aride de Tataouine (Tunisie) : (pour une nouvelle pédagogie de la vulgarisation)." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20084.
Full textThree surveys were conducted to articulate a stable developmental model compatible with socioeconomic and cultural constraints in tataouinia, in southeast tunisia. The target populations included farmers, emigrants and agricultural consultants. Analyses of survey findings demonstrated a surprising capacity of collective adaptation based upon the integration of practical knowledge and cultural values in face if extremely difficult ecological conditions. The three surveys converge to illustrate an unexpected ability to exploit scarce resources and develop solutions for improving general life conditions of the local communities. Results suggest that though an indigenous program, emphasizing collective participation and extensive community involvement, the ecosystem of tataouinia can be restored
Bettez, Monique. "La recherche universitaire, vecteur du développement endogène régional : le cas de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40542.pdf.
Full textLaux-Biehlmann, Alexis. "Nouvelles données sur la morphine endogène : description de sa localisation dans le système nerveux central et développement d’outils biotechnologiques et thérapeutiques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6169.
Full textSince 80s, endogenous morphine (eM), structurally identical to the morphine from poppy, has been found in mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Only few informations are available about eM (cellular localization, models and quantification protocols) and thus, studies of its roles and implications in the brain physiology is difficult. During my thesis, my goal was to developed new tools in order to study and understand the roles of eM in the CNS. First, I have described the localization of eM in the CNS of adult mouse. Using a well characterized antibody, I have demonstrated that eM and its derived compounds are mainly found in astrocytes and GABAergic interneurons throughout the mouse CNS. Secondly, I described two endogenous / exogenous alkaloids binding proteins. (i) The PhosphatidylEthanolamine Binding Protein that is able to bind M6G and M3G in a similar manner as its reference ligand PhosphatidylEthanolamine. (ii) The creatine kinase (CK) that is able to bind eM and its derived compounds with high affinity. Such CK-eM complex is dissociated by a lithium treatment. Finally, in the last part of my results, I have described that the presence of lithium in the collection tube allows a better measuring of eM and exogenous morphine. To conclude, during my thesis I set up new tools and new research lines (eM CNS mapping, binding proteins and better quantification yield) that will allow to study and understand the roles of eM in the CNS of mammals
Boog, Boog Jean-Michel. "Le management des ressources technologiques en Afrique subsaharienne : étude d'une contribution à un développement scientifique et technologique endogène : le cas du Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32043.
Full textIndustrialisation though mass importation of technology has been, for a long time, the basis for science and technology development in subsaharian african countries. The general failure of this policy shows that acquisition of technologies is not a panacea. A succesful industrialisation strategy requires a comprehensive science and technology policy for development in which the final objective is to use better the specificities of the acquired technology system, to control and diffuse them in the national economies. This capacity for countries to manage their technological resources is, in our view, a basis condition for a lasting success in their economic development. For that end, they might take inspiration from the management of technological resources (mrt) steps which involve the use of appropriate criterias to make an assessment of their science and technology resources, a development plan and a valorisation strategy for this assets in profitable industrial activities. Mtr control is therefore one of the priority objectives for these countries with no managerial culture to lead their development in a more independent way
Souyris, Pierre. "Prédiction des propriétés poro-élastiques et de sorption d'eau en fonction du développement de la microstructure des matériaux cimentaires." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1992/.
Full textThis study takes place in the framework of the concrete structures durability. It contributes to the understanding of cracking phenomena occurrences induced by shrinkage. Indeed, for special structures (specifically massive structures at early age), current engineering formulae are not efficient to predict the cracking risk. Specially cracking due to shrinkage induced by hydration phenomena (increase of temperature and autogeneous shrinkage) is under-evaluated. The aim of this work is to provide appropriate tools, based on the mix composition, to estimates cracking risk due to autogenous shrinkage. To reach this objective, the evolution of the microstructure of the material is considered by homogenization. This theory is used to evaluate the poro-elastic properties of the material. Moreover a sorption isotherm model enables the calculation of the capillary pressure. Finally, partially saturated poromechanics equation allows reaching autogenous shrinkage. This study takes place in national projects CEOS. Fr and Mefisto
Lacaille, Hélène. "Caractérisation des effets délétères de l'éthanol en conditions de binge drinking chez la souris adolescente et adulte. Implication du PACAP comme agent neuroprotecteur endogène." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES010.
Full textAlcohol consumption is an important public health issue worldwide. A major cause of its toxicity is the production of reactive oxygen species induced by its metabolism. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of binge drinking-like ethanol exposure on a panel of genes involved in oxidative mechanisms in adolescent and adult mice. In adolescent animals, ethanol decreased the expression of genes involved in the repair of DNA damage. In contrast, in the adult brain, genes activated by ethanol were associated with protective mechanisms. In adolescent mice, multiple binge ethanol exposure substantially reduced neurogenesis in the hippocampus and impaired short-term memory. Taken together, our results indicate that alcohol causes deleterious effects in the adolescent brain which are distinct from those observed in adults and contribute to explain the greater sensitivity of the adolescent brain to alcohol toxicity. PACAP is a neuropeptide which has been shown to exert various neuroprotective roles. In adolescent and adult PACAP KO mice treated with ethanol, an increase of oxidative stress and apoptosis was observed. A microarray analysis revealed that in adolescent and adult PACAP KO mice, the sets of genes regulated were different but both seemed to inhibit networks associated with DNA repair and cell cycle. These genomic data were in accordance with the reduced number of proliferating cells in adolescent and adult PACAP KO mice treated with ethanol. To conclude, endogenous PACAP protects the brain from ethanol toxicity but acts through different sets of genes according to brain maturation
Traore, Monzon. "Croissance économique et contrainte de balance des paiements : approche de Thirlwall." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21033.
Full textThis work consists of a synthesis of Thirlwall's balance-of-payments constrained growth theory. This theory has the advantage of showing the impact of factors complementarity throughout the production process by explaining the income growth with the growth of effective demand. It intends to be a true alternative to the so-called 'new' growth theories, or 'neoclassical' endogenous growth theories. However, it is largely ignored in French academic research. The synthesis constitutes of analytical results and thus has two objectives : shedding light on Thirwall’s theory by building on its main models and assessing its consequences. These results are driven by the main following statement : the role of the balance-of-payments in the growth theory is determined by the type of pricing mechanism, which in turn is determined by the theoretical role of the market within the economic system. This result is based on the following three-fold analysis : i) acknowledging the creative function of the market, which assumes the distinction between sectors with increasing returns and decreasing returns, permits to introduce dynamism into the effective demand principle; ii) natural growth is endogenous to effective demand through the Kaldor-Verdoorn effect; iii) the balance-of-payments represents the dominant constraint on effective demand because of the long-term stability of relative prices. The failure of the market to perform its allocative and creative functions in an optimal manner gives macroeconomicc arguments to public intervention. This exogenization of endogenous growth appears in the modern theory of growth as a major contribution
Guéant, Olivier. "Théorie des jeux à champ moyen et applications économiques : second sujet : Taux d’escompte et développement durable." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090069.
Full textIntroduced by J. -M. Lasry and P. -L. Lions, mean field games simplify models of economic interactions, using an approach inspired from physics. Economic applications are presented concerning labor market ecoomics, portfolio management, population(s) distribution issues and growth theory. The models use different types of mean field games, either static or dynamic, with either a discrete or a continuous state space, either in a deterministic or in a stochastic setting. Several stability notions are discussed and eductive stability plays an important part since numerical methods are inspired from this stability notion. We indeed present numerical methods to solve mean field games for both stationary and dynamic problems and eductive stability allows us to circumvent the difficulty linked to the forward/backward structure. After the chapters on mean field games, we deal with the issue regarding the right discount rate to be used for sustainable development projects. We discuss the notion of ecological discount rate introduced by R. Guesnerie and exhibit new continuity properties for the non-asymptotic rates
Hébert, Joseph. "Religion et développement étude de cas sur le mouvement indien Swadhyay Parivar." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2622.
Full textKouadio, Kouassi Hugues. "Intégration économique, développement et croissance." Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274304.
Full textValette, Cécile. "L'impact des marchés financiers sur la croissance et le développement : application aux pays émergents." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0056.
Full textFinancial market development embedded in a very specific way the endogenous growth theories at the end of the eighties. At the same time international organizations made the markets dynamics a priority for the developing countries. The idea behind this initiative was that this stimulus would accelerate financial restructuration and allow indebted countries to become participating ones through what is in fact a particular means of fostering growth. The emerging countries dealt upon those pages are located in both in Asia and in Latin America and have all liberalized their capital accounts. The econometric study built upon Atje and Jovanovic does not favour the thesis of a financial markets pushing up the rate of growth of those countries. Only Chile's financial markets seem to have had a real impact on growth. A macroeconomic data study confirms the small influence of those markets upon both the financial structure and the indebtness type of those emerging countries
Blais, Francine Anne. "Développement du retrait endogène dans une dalle mince construite avec un béton de rapport eau/ciment égal à 0,30 mûri de quatre façons différentes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1136.
Full textHanchane, Hicham. "Investissement direct étranger, capital humain et croissance économique dans les pays en développement : une proposition théorique et approches empirique [sic] de validations à l’aide des données de panel." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2001.
Full textThis work of thesis concentrates on the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the economic growth of developing countries. It is interested both in the theoretical aspect of the subject by using the models of endogenous growth and in its empirical aspect by using econometrics of the panel data. The theoretical and empirical literature confirms the positive impact of these flows of FDI on the economic growth of the host countries. According to the model I propose in the third chapter, this impact however is not always positive on the economy of the host countries. Indeed, the FDI can have a negative effect on the developing countries, if the technological difference between the multinational firms and the local firms is large and if these latter do not have a level of sufficient qualified labour. The empirical study, while using the econometrics of the panel data on 30 developing countries observed from 1982 to 1996, confirms these theoretical predictions. In order to obtain more robust results I varied the methods of specification of heterogeneity non observed (instrumental variable (IV) and GMM within the static and dynamic framework)
Mbounou-Ngopo, Mathurin. "La fiscalité face à l'impératif du développement de la République centrafricaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0092/document.
Full textThe major concern of every modern State is to ensure its economic and social development. Since living conditions are not the same, each State sets its development strategies according to its realities. This is the case of the Central African Republic (CAR). The economy remains fragile and is marked by a low capacity to generate income. Despite its huge natural potential (dense water network, large forest, vast mineral resources, extensive arable land etc.), CAR suffers from its hemmed-in position which weighs on the country's economic development. Yet, one of the key problems of economic development is endogenous funding. If the contributory capacities of citizens are limited, it is impossible to ensure a harmonious development. Indeed, the funding of any State development remains dependent on the performance of tax and customs resources. Thus, fiscal policy has an important role to play in the economic development of a country. In Central Africa, as in developing countries, fiscal policy is the locomotive of development. Since the essential tool of all resource mobilisation and adequate development funding policy is taxation, which is the real instrument of economic and social policy. Taxation is as such the trump card of economic programs of this country which, not only is landlocked but must face the challenge of rebuilding following the political unrest that shook it for more than two decades. In this sense, the question of endogenous financing of Central Africa’s development lies within a new context and must take into account several factors in order to improve the mobilization of domestic financial resources to ensure development growth
Bardi, Wajdi. "Le rôle structurant de l'Etat en vue du développement économique à travers les théories de la croissance endogène : Etude de cas de quelques pays méditerranéens." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0028.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis throws light on the active and positive roles of government, in the process of economic liberalization, and in the determination of economic growth. The "optimal government" invented by endogenous growth theories has an important role in constituting the economic supply. In other words, the structural role of government in accumulating human capital, technological capital and public capital and in adding some accompaniment policies, stresses the permanent influence on economic growth. Financial development policy has an important role in the mobilization of scarce resources to productive employment. According the rise in globalisation, the regionalism phenomenon has marked the global economy these last years. The MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries hope to constitute a regional integration zone where the European union is the principal partner in their strategies. The economics policies to reinforce productive capacity in the economy have positive effects on economic growth. Hence it is very interesting to study this policy or auxillary variables in the determination of economic growth. The choice of the panel data method is justified for studies in Mediterranean economics. The results show that public investment in education, wealth and infrastructure and the openness variable positively affects the growth rate in our sample
Xuereb, Mélanie. "Les conditions de production du capital humain dans les pays en développement : un éclairage des conséquences économiques de l'épidémie de VIH/SIDA : Application au cas du Cameroun." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020028.
Full textReynaud, Joséphine. "Développement d'un modèle murin transgénique d'infection par l'herpèsvirus 6A et étude des mécanismes d'induction de la neuroinflammation." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998378.
Full textPopic, Aleksandra. "Influence des ajouts minéraux, des granulats fins, de la température et du rapport eau/liant sur le développement et le contrôle du retrait endogène des matrices cimentaires." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1938.
Full textDiagne, Souleymane Astou. "Institutions et développement économique : Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est et Afrique Subsaharienne." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131029.
Full textThe importance of institutions in the economic development path was stressed since more than century by Schmoller, Veblen and Commons. Since the beginning of the eighties, there was like a coming out of intuitionalists’ optics to offset the shortcomings of the neoclassical one to explain the development policies failures, which were inspired by the neoclassical ideology. It’s in this context that appears the new institutional economics analysis, looking for including in the economic policies suggestions, a set of new indicators which didn’t belong to economics, like the political institutions (elections, democracy, constitution…). This thesis starts from a statement: the countries of Africa and those of Asian Eastern and Asian Southern-East started almost from the same level of economic development in the sixties. The thesis has, afterward, three objectives: understanding the analyses and the concepts of the institutional economics, searching, thank of a comparative study, the reasons which make the Asian countries much more developed than the African ones, and finally, checking the links between institutions and economic development with econometric and statistical methods. We have assumed that the institutional factors were behind the Asian countries economic success and then behind the economic development. Three main questions underlie the chapters of this work. Understanding how the institutional analysis was born, the definition of the concept “institution” and its derivatives concepts, the way with which the institutional switch acts and understanding the theoretical reach of the institutional economics toolbox. Answers to these questions assume an early knowledge of the mains institutional economics optics, of Veblen, Schmoller, Commons, North, Willamson, Greif and Rodrik
Bravo-Prudent, Arlette. "La Carai͏̈be insulaire anglophone : entre identité, mondialisation et développement, des origines à nos jours, quelques exemples sur la Dominique et Sainte-Lucie." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040145.
Full textThe English-speaking Caribbean particularly Saint-Lucia and Dominica, shaped by the colonial system of plantation that organized an external running society has to cope with globalization and development. Whereas globalization standardizes under-development and tramples the identities of these "islands States" with their unique histories. International organisations often determine trade and financial markets policies away from peoples' choices, which generate misery and revolts. The Caribbean experimented regionalization with OECS, CARICOM, and CSA. Today, it has to take into account NAFTA, to rely upon the E. U, the Commonwealth, and the Francophonie as well. It has to favour an endogenous development to control its change, apply a strategy of breaking away periphicies ", of " internalized " adjustments, socioeconomic and cultural legacy to reconcile identity with globalization and development
Barbier, Emmanuel. "Étude de la perfusion cérébrale par résonance magnétique nucléaire : développement de nouvelles méthodes de mesure et de nouveaux modèles d'analyse pour un traceur exogène et un traceur endogène." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T009.
Full textToullec, Alexis. "Dispositif d’aiguille fibrée pour la spectroscopie de fluorescence endogène de lésions mammaires et pulmonaires ex vivo et in vivo ; vers le développement d'une méthode d’ histopathologie in situ." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS154/document.
Full textThe third Cancer Plan, launched in 2013, identifies early diagnosis as one of the major challenges for improving patient care. Despite the growth in medical imaging modalities and performance, challenges remain in diagnosis aid and optimizing the use of biopsy.Photonic imaging and especially spectrally resolved fluorescence has already been tested for the ex vivo characterization of breast and lung tumors, without contrast agent or sample processing. Our goal is to characterize the capabilities of an innovative medical device, developed in the laboratory, using a low-caliber fibered needle for the spectral analysis of the endogenous fluorescence of these lesions in situ. Our early work in preclinical and clinical studies showed significant differences in spectral signatures between benign and malignant tumors ex vivo and in vivo. Our results also highlighted the limits the device, in terms of specificity, for certain types of lesions.Another study was conducted on mammary tumors in order to identify the major tissue entities at the origin of the spectral signatures obtained with our fibered device. Spectral imaging in confocal and second harmonic microscopy (SHG), in multiphoton, has been implemented in order to establish a mapping of endogenous biomarkers of mammary tissues. We compare its results with the data obtained with the fibered needle device in order to position it not only as an aid to diagnosis but also as a promising method for in situ histopathology
Zomo, Yebe Gabriel. "Contre-choc pétrolier et ajustement structurel dans un pays en voie de développement membre de l'OPEP : le Gabon." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10101.
Full textDestrée, Nicolas. ""Remittances" et activité économique dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0628.
Full textSince the twentieth century, migratory flows have largely increased entailing financial flows - named remittances - from immigration areas to emigration areas. These transfers that migrants send to their families in their home countries may empirically lead to positive or negative effects on physical and human capital. This thesis aims at explaining this mixed evidence in developing countries.The first chapter underlines the negative impact of remittances on capital stock but also on labour supply. Due to this additional income in their last-period of life, agents have less incentive to work and save. Remittances may bring economies closer to their golden rule of capital accumulation or further from their golden rule according to their features. A taxation policy is provided in order to maximise the welfare in the home country of the migrants. The second chapter extends the analysis to open economies facing exogenous credit constraints on the international capital market. Even if remittances reduce incentive to save, these flows may increase investment in physical capital in some countries, through capital inflows, by directly relaxing the credit constraints. The third chapter considers a growth model with human capital accumulation in which agents borrow to finance their education. Borrowing constraints are, in this non-commitment framework considered as endogenous: agents may choose to default and are excluded from the financial market in case of default. In accordance with empirical literature, this model is able to explain a negative or a positive impact of remittances on economic growth
Abdillahi, Aptidon Gombor. "Les réseaux de transport à Djibouti et le développement économique et social." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENE001/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the analysis of the importance of the contributions of transport infrastructure into economic and social development, taking into account the specificities of the Djiboutian economy. We conducted this analysis in the theoretical framework of economics of networks, spatial economics and endogenous growth models. As part of the network industries, transport networks are sources of positive external economies that spread to the entire economic activity which makes them an indispensable factor in economic development. These externalities can affect the immediate vicinity of transport infrastructure and may influence the location choices of economic actors. They also have macroeconomic effects that spread across the nation and that are modeled by the endogenous growth theories. Relying on the theoretical contributions of endogenous growth models, we conducted an econometric analysis to measure the effects exerted by public and private investment on the evolution of real income per capita in the specific case of Djibouti. We based our study on the econometric estimation of an aggregate production function of two factors (public capital stock and private capital stock) by the method of cointegration and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The estimation results indicated that, in accordance with what was expected, in the long term, the stock of private capital has a positive and significant effect on real income per capita. Conversely, the stock of public capital has a significant negative impact on the dynamics of real GDP per capita in both the short term and the long term. Keywords : Transportation Infrastructure, Development, Growth, public investment, Djibouti port, Doraleh port, maritime transport, COMESA