Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement rural – Aspect environnemental'
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Busca, Didier. "Agriculture et environnement : la mise en oeuvre négociée des dispositifs agri-environnementaux : effets d'organisation, enjeux de territoire et dynamique d'appropriation stratégique." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20067.
Full textThe consequences of intensive agriculture on environment are subject to increasing public intervention since the 90's. These agri-environmental policies are confronted with agricultural interests and their efficiency is often criticized. This leads to question oneself on how they are implemented. This thesis studies the implementation of an agri-environmental regulation (the Program for Control of Agriculture-Originated Pollution) and an encouraging policy (Ferti-Mieux) in the Adour-Garonne region. Backed up with thorough interviews, the negotiated exchanges between public agents, agriculture professional organizations and the designated farmers are analyzed. Moreover, a quantitative approach analyzes the impact of local situations on the implementation of policies. The proposed argument is that the environmental objectives of the policies are adapted by negotiated arrangements on the implementation means. This adaptation process is the consequence of an dynamics of strategic appropriation of the policies, individually by the farmers and collectively by the professional organizations. Some modulations are noticed due to local agriculture and tourism stakes
Sery, Johanna. "L'espace rural métropolisé face aux enjeux du « développement durable » : le cas de la communauté de communes Eure Madrie Seine, entre Paris et Rouen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100169.
Full textWithin half a century, in France, the municipalities so far regarded as rural have experienced a strong demographic evolution which have tripled, or even quadrupled, their population, causing a disorganisation of their spatial structure. Those territories have to link recent national legislation which now implements a "model of sustainable development ” and local socio-economic dynamics. The aim of this PhD thesis is to understand how spatial planning could accompany the ecological transition in these metropolitan rural areas. The district council Eure Madrie Seine, (CCEMS : 23, Municipalities, 28 663 habitants, 191,2 km²), between Paris and Rouen, offers an outstanding field for scale and temporality variations study mobilising local resources, including natural, human. This survey study also considers a new level of decision and trans-territorial cohesion where local stakeholders feel in the action various representations of sustainable development.The first objective of this research is to examine how territorial data oh this council district influences the definition of sustainable development at the local level (needs of the localities, spatial planning strategies of local stakeholders). The second objective is to determine how the legislation framework affects the implementation of sustainable development in rural metropolitan areas, and in particular to analyse the spatial consequences of this complex process. Based on the assumption that territory and ecological transition are interrelated, the aim is to explore territorial interest regarding sustainable development: local action included in a global legislation framework trough a necessary territorial equity
Coulibaly, Djakalidja. "Politique agricole et développement dans le sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire : logiques marchandes et logiques écologiques." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0020.
Full textXandé, Xavier. "Valorisation d'alimentation non conventionnels par une race locale dans un contexte de système d'élevage alternatif de type polyculture-élevage : exemple de la canne à sucre valorisée par le porc créole de Guadeloupe." Antilles-guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0220.
Full textThe research work of this thesis 1 aimed at providing the professionals with technical and scientific references on a sustainable and integrated farming system, based on the use of a local breed -the Creole pig- and on local crop -the sugar cane. The first wor has consisted in measuring the nutritive and energy value of the sugar cane products (molasses, ground sugar cane, suga cane juice) on the Creole pig. This study shows that there are great disparitles in the digestive and metabolic use of the nutrients according to the sugar cane form allowance. In fact, the characterization of the ground cane nutritive value must take into accunt its chemical composition but also the interpersonal differences in the feeding behaviour of the animals. The second experiment shows that the growth performance and carcass traits vary highly according to the sugar cane form allowance; the very low performance cbtained with the ground sugar cane are in relation with ils high fibre· content which limits its Ingestibillty and reduces the nutrients and energy digestibility. However the organoleplic and gustative quality of the meat (fresh or processed) on average higher with ground sugar cane fed pigs. The third experiment has not permitted to show the positive effect of molasses on the growth performance of ground sugar cane fed pigs. As a conclusion, this research thesis brings very original information on the possible use of the sugar cane as an energy source to feed the Creole pig, especially ln a mixed farrning system context
Florent, Luc. "Quelle gouvernance pour les activités pédestres ? : un enjeu pour le développement des territoires." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-Florent.pdf.
Full textSery, Johanna. "L'espace rural métropolisé face aux enjeux du « développement durable » : le cas de la communauté de communes Eure Madrie Seine, entre Paris et Rouen." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100169/document.
Full textWithin half a century, in France, the municipalities so far regarded as rural have experienced a strong demographic evolution which have tripled, or even quadrupled, their population, causing a disorganisation of their spatial structure. Those territories have to link recent national legislation which now implements a "model of sustainable development ” and local socio-economic dynamics. The aim of this PhD thesis is to understand how spatial planning could accompany the ecological transition in these metropolitan rural areas. The district council Eure Madrie Seine, (CCEMS : 23, Municipalities, 28 663 habitants, 191,2 km²), between Paris and Rouen, offers an outstanding field for scale and temporality variations study mobilising local resources, including natural, human. This survey study also considers a new level of decision and trans-territorial cohesion where local stakeholders feel in the action various representations of sustainable development.The first objective of this research is to examine how territorial data oh this council district influences the definition of sustainable development at the local level (needs of the localities, spatial planning strategies of local stakeholders). The second objective is to determine how the legislation framework affects the implementation of sustainable development in rural metropolitan areas, and in particular to analyse the spatial consequences of this complex process. Based on the assumption that territory and ecological transition are interrelated, the aim is to explore territorial interest regarding sustainable development: local action included in a global legislation framework trough a necessary territorial equity
Ndiaye, Amma. "Etude comparée des stratégies de développement durable en Afrique subsaharienne basées sur la valorisation d'une agro-ressource spécifique : le cas de la spiruline." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIME007.
Full textIn a context of major questioning about polluting industrial processes and mobilising non-renewable resources, structural modifications in order to set up sustainable production methods and to establish the economical growth in a long-term base, are namely necessary for african countries in their development stratégies.In this way, spirulina valorisation, a renewable resource, for multiple use and with outstanding properties, belongs in this logical.Besides its therapeutic values and nutritional qualities, spirulina is not only safe for environment, but also it presents interest due to photosynthesis.In terms of socio-economics, spirulina could bring significant response to underdevelopment problems, and namely malnutrition and poverty. Indeed, its valorisation permit to generate regular incomes to the persons who work in and also, permit financial empowerment of vulnerable population groups.Nowadays, spirulina valorisation spread accross Africa but continuity and succes of spirulina projects depend on various challenges to be met.Therefore, the aim of this work is to demonstrate in what way, how and under which conditions, sustainable development strategies based on spirulina valorisation can be a vector of development for Subsahara Africa countries
Gorra, Diane-Grace. "«L' or blanc » mythe ou réalité : la problématique cotonnière en Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0128.
Full textField of cotton is an activity of primary sector. Whish has, and continues to be the hall mark of development economies as it was the case in Europe, USA, Brazil and China. Countries with environmental conditions allowing cotton cultivation have developed agricultural sectors and crafts, with further industrial processing sectors of great importance. Cotton has become organized into hierarchy although his organization responsible for distortions and competition for the monopole. Cotton path may be divided in two blocks: the North block with USA has a quasi total control and a challenger: China. The other block is constituted by West African cotton producers. In view of the development of unregulated liberalism in Africa through structural adjustment policies and general privatization, we decided to study the system of cotton cultivation in Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Togo. We aimed to focus the potential of cotton cultivation to become a highly specialized, diversified and development strategy. Protectionism is arising in the North block and there is a need for further investigation of the actual policies policies for cotton agriculture. Thus the actual collaboration policies between North and African block are primary beneficial for the industrial sector at the detriment of the small Africans producers of the primary sector. This highlight that the "White Gold" is an important business even if some branches remain heavily subsidized in certain countries of the North creating ipso facto dependence towards this monoculture in countries of the south where it is and still remains as a product said or "pension". So we have to ask the question: White Gold myth or reality ?
Erismann, Julie. "Développement hydro-agricole au sud-est du lac Alaotra (Madagascar). Histoire, limites et pespectives de la maîtrise de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30014/document.
Full textAlaotra lake is the biggest body of fresh water in Madagascar and the vast plains surrounding it, have naturally become highly coveted by the various authorities over the course of it’s history and its colonization. Primarily based on rice cultivation, this region has benefited from numerous rural planning projects. As a result, the landscape as well as the relationship between the people and their land has been transformed. Over time, the combination of knowledges and know-how farmers, technicians and the research interest in this area, have made it Madagascar’s most significant rice granary. This geography thesis is structured around water management, an essential resource in a country based on rural economies. Through the study of the southeastern valleys, we will focus on showing the extent to which the hydro-agricultural planning allows us to consider better agricultural and territorial development and how, in a context of decentralization, the control and the appropriation of natural resources by local actors can lead to renewed management dynamics and procedures in their environment
Ny farihy Alaotra no fihebanandranomandry lehibe indrindra ao Madagasikara , ary ny tany lemaka midadasika manodidina azy no nanitona ny fitsiriritan’ireo manampahefana nifandimby tao amin’ny tantaran’ny fiorenamponenana.Ny fambolem-bary no votoatim-piainana ao amin’io faritany io , ary fanajariana marobe no efa nanova tanteraka ny endrikin’ny tany sy ny fonenana eo . Ny fandrindrana ny fahalalàna sy fahaiza-miasan’ny tantsaha, ny mahay taozavatra , sy ny finiavan’ny mpikarodalana no nahatonga azy ho « lavabarin’i Madagasikara ». Manodidina ny fanafolahana ny rano , andry ijoroan’ny toekarenan’ny antsaha , no namolavolàna ity tandro-kevitra fandinihantany ity. Avy eo amin’ny fikatsahana natao tao amin’ireo lohasaha ao Atsimo-atsinanan’Alaotra no niaingan’ny sainay hampiseho fa ny fanajariana ny rano sy asatany no hahafahana mihevitra ny fivoaram-bokatra amin’ny voly sy ny faritany ; ary koa ao anatin’ny fitsinjarampitondrana , dia hahitàna fa ny fandinihana sy ny fandraisana an-tanana ireo loharanon-karena velona ataon’ny mpiasa eo antoerana no mety hiteraka fampandrosoana sy fivaozan’ny fitantanana ny toe-ponenana manotolo
Vassallo, Laurent. "Le droit du développement durable appliqué aux établissements de santé." Limoges, 2010. https://www.bnds.fr/collection/theses-numeriques-de-la-bnds/le-droit-du-developpement-durable-applique-aux-etablissements-de-sante-9782848741536.html.
Full textMonnet, Marlène. "L'intermédiation du prestataire de services logistiques dans une "supply chain" en contexte de développement durable." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24011.
Full textThe purpose of the present research is to find out the conditions which enable a logistics service provider to act as a middleman in a supply chain in the context of sustainable development. Face with regulation pressures concerning electric and electronic equipment waste and the various reactions of the actors responsible for recycling, the research develops two phases : the first, in Norway, provides a reading guide of the general context ; the second, in France, consists in a typical case study which involves many interacting actors and emphasizes the intermediary role of the provider. The results depend on the mobilization of skills in the field of thinking, organizing and relating to one another, and also imply the smooth implication of the stakeholders. These results should demonstrate that the logistics service provider who offers help in the field of global responsability can actually act as an intermediary in the context of sustainable development. Provided he or she takes into account all the parties involved and brings together the required abilities for coordinate management of the supply chain
Verchère, Alban. "Essais sur le lien entre développement durable et équité intergénérationnelle : une approche par la modélisation." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1EC08.
Full textThe matter of durability of the economic and human development with limited resources and fragile environment appears at least as old as Economic Science. It took since the Eighties and the dissipation of the less founded fears related to the exhaustion of resources, an environmental dimension through the concept of sustainable development. It says that development "must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" Brundtland Commission (1987). From a theoretical point of view, it appears that this definition returns in fact to two closely related but quite distinct concepts: sustainability on the one hand, and equity between generations of the other. However, these two concepts are often confounded in the literature, as well as one frequently associates their opposites, unsustainability and inequity. The reason lies in the fact that one appreciates the paths of development to the ell of their long term results, but without really wondering about the behavior of the generations which give them life : are the generation really iniquitous? The work exposed in this thesis, through four modeling essays, precisely aims at showing that there are unsustainable paths of development that cannot be described as inequitable, As well as it happens one reaches sustainable paths, without the possibility to qualify them as equitable. These conclusions finally lead to reinvest the question of the ethical base of the interventions in favor of the future in the event of unsustainable but equitable paths of development. Namely, if these paths lead to unsustainability but without it being possible to say if they violate intergenerational equity as that can appear when one introduces intergenerational altruism for example , which principle can provide an alternative to equity between generations to legitimate the actions in favor of the future?
Chevé, Morgane. "L'adéquation des choix économiques aux contraintes écologiques : optimalité et durabilité de la croissance d'une économie polluante." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010004.
Full textErkman, Suren. "L'écologie industrielle : une stratégie pour l'éco-restructuration du système industriel." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0004.
Full textThe new domain of industrial ecology considers the industrial system as an analogue of a biological ecosystem. Industrial ecology offers a global and integrated perspective on environmental issues, much broader that waste treatment. The basic methodology of industrial ecology is called industrial metabolism. It consists in measuring and studying the totality of resource flows (materials and energys) used by the industrial societies. Industrial ecology is also an operational approach to sustainable development, which applies to industrialised and developing countries as well. It proposes a strategy for an in-depth eco-restructuration of the industrial system as a whole along four complementary axes : 1) close resources flows (quasi-cyclic economy) ; 2) minimise dissipative losses ; 3) dematerialise economic activities ; 4) decarbonise the energy system. The thesis offers a general theoretical synthesis of the emerging field of industrial ecology, as well as a number of case studies in different sectors of the economy
Poisson, Christophe. "Le management environnemental : analyse transversale, approche dichotomique, implications conceptuelles, prospectives opérationnelles." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0031.
Full textDue to the increasing pressures being placed on the environment, firms and industries are being encouraged by all the socio-economic actors (government, consumers, shareholders, ecological's associations and the general public,. . . ) to modify their market's approach. The both desirable and inevitable inclusion of environmental factors into business will obviously also have an impact on corporate management policies. Because these factors touch all the variables in management. Some of them are synonymous of constraints due to costs : new technologies in production processes, risk management, human resources management,. . . The others are sources of opportunities : a good strategic environmental management policy and appropriated policies of the marketing-mix (product, communication, price, and distribution) can also reduce these costs and enhance market expediencies. An effective response to the environmental challenge requires both a global, sustainable and long term strategic management approach from firms and industries
Valdes, Ramirez Gabriela. "Développement de biocapteurs ampérométriques pour la quantification des pesticides et mise au point d'électrodes de référence Ag/AgCl d'état solide." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1131.
Full textAsghari, Poudeh Maryam. "Analyse des effets de la libéralisation des échanges économiques internationaux sur l'environnement : le cas des relations entre les blocs régionaux de l'UE, des pays Mediterranées (sic) en développement et du golfe persique." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0008.
Full textThe linkage between international trade and the environment has become an important policy issue in the last few years. The objective of this thesis is the examination of liberalization trade effect on the environment, pollution haven hypothesis, Porter hypothesis and the factor endowments hypothesis. Our results show that: The commercial liberalization leads to the decrease in CO2 pollution in Persian Golf-EU region, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in Persian golf, Mediterranean and Persian Golf-EU regions. Also it decreases FC pollution in Persian Golf region, Mediterranean, Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions. Commercial liberalization increase the CO2 pollution in Persian Golf region and EU-Mediterranean regions, it leads also the increase in BOD pollution in EU and Persian Golf-EU regions, and FC pollution in EU region. Our results confirm the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for the CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions, and for FC pollution in in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region but our results reject the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region. We have not any robust empirical evidences to refuse or confirm this hypothesis for BOD and FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of EU-Mediterranean region. We empirically reject the « Porter hypothesis » for CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. This study confirms the « Porter hypothesis » for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. In addition, it confirms this hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. We couldn’t obtain significant results to confirm or reject Porter Hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region and for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. Our results show the confirmation of « factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Mediterranean region. Moreover we confirm this hypothesis for BOD pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions. The empirical results refuse «factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions, for BOD pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Persian Golf and EU regions
Prieur, Fabien. "Croissance et environnement dans le modèle à générations imbriquées : analyse dynamique et évaluations des politiques publiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24005.
Full textIn this study, we deal with topical environmental issues by having recourse to the overlapping generations model of growth. First, our purpose is to recognize that the recovery process of nature is finite and vanishes beyond a critical threshold of damage. Considering the potential irreversibility of pollution implies that the development process can drive the polluting economy to a poverty trap. Moreover, the theoretical explanations of the environmental Kuznets curve are seriously challenged since the private agent’s investment in abatement fails to promote sustainable growth. Then, we show that regulating pollution with permits is an effective policy, provided that some precise rules concerning the choice of the global quota on emissions are respected, from the view point of its ability to protect the economy against the convergence toward a poverty trap. Once we have set conditions excluding traps, we also prove that environmental policy does not necessarily mean a slackening in growth. Its reinforcement can even produce a double dividend. Finally, we address the issue of the definition of the emission quota. We assume that the economy’s commitment in pollution control goes through the setting exogenous quota. When the permits system is too latitudinarian, it is possible to exceed the rigidity imposed by the quota and to achieve the social optimum by implementing a policy consisting in the segmentation of the permits market
Le, Pochat Stéphane. "Intégration de l'éco-conception dans les PME : proposition d'une méthode d'appropriation de savoir-fraire pour la conception environnementale des produits." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0021.
Full textThe rising societal concerns about environmental issues result in particular in an increasing lawful pressure on the industrial world. The products from the consumer society are at the origin of the generalized phenomenon of degradation of the environment. For this reason, ecodesign represents for the companies the "natural" process to assume their role in the safeguarding of the resources and the environment. However, the european state of the art on ecodesign in the companies shows that the taking into account of the environmental constraints in the product design, although industrial reality, is still an emergent issue. Because of the volume of products they represent, and of the difficulties they have to integrate all new constraint that they do not consider strategic, SMEs must constitute a priority target for the integration of ecodesign. The problems of ecodesign integration in the companies find its origin, on the one hand in an environmental cultural gap, on the other hand in the fact that, the ecodesign tools having been developed apart from the industrial world, the organizational aspects of integration were not considered. We thus propose in this study an ecodesign integration method – the MAIECO method - allowing, through an organizational learning process, an organizational change management in the company, and aiming at the appropriation by this one of its own ecodesign approach. This method lies in particular on an original tool for environmental analysis of the products – the ATEP tool - allowing the participating members of the company to acquire the minimal basis of environmental knowledge during the analysis phase of the ecodesign process
Hervieux, Marie-Sophie. "Études empiriques de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets : une approche par l’empreinte écologique." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4030.
Full textIn this thesis we examine the relationship between economic development and environment through the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. We use the ecological footprint (EF) as environmental degradation indicator. In the first part, we present the analytical framework, a detailed review of published studies according to selected environmental indicators and a detailed review of published studies on CO2 in 2012 and 2013 to provide a picture of the current domain. In a second part, we propose 3 empirical studies. A first study is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between GDP and EE through a time series analysis for seven Latin American countries from 1961 to 2007. The hypothesis of EKC is not supported for any country, and a linear relationship is rather detected for most of them. A long-term relationship is also detected for Brazil and Uruguay. A second study examine the relationship from 1971 to 2007 on a larger sample. We propose both consumption side and production side approaches and we add several explicative variables to our ARDL model. The EKC is supported for no one. For additional explicative variables, the results are mixed but consistent with what was expected. Finally, a third study provides a comparison of the EKC relationship based on three environmental indicators: CO2, SO2 and EE. The sample covers 15 (developed and developing) countries over the period 1961 - 1990. At the end of the econometric analysis, there is no evidence of an EKC but we note that economic growth has a stronger impact on EE than on CO2, and on SO2
Labadie, Pierre. "Détermination des stéroïdes hormonaux dans l'environnement : développement analytiques et applications." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12884.
Full textLe, Bot Jean-Michel. "Du développement durable au bien public : responsabilité et légitimité en question : à partir des cas de la Bretagne et de la Russie." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20003.
Full textRecognising the relevance of the concept of sustainable development as a political reference, the author can hardly conceive it as a scientific concept. He prefers the concept of public good, of which as precise a definition as possible is given. He starts by examining two cases : Russia and Brittany. In Russia, can the ecologist movement, together with the desire for change which became apparent from the mid-80s, contribute in overcoming the ecological and sanitary consequences of the soviet industrial development, combining productivism and totalitarianism ? In Brittany, a productivist agricultural system is now being criticised because of its pollutant effects, whereas there are recognised alternative methods : organic farming, sustainable development plans, etc. Their supporters show that it is possible to produce otherwise, combining economic viability, ecological security and social acceptability. But does this clarify the real issues of these alternatives ? Analysing the practices demands the intervention of a theoretical model allowing for an identification of rationalities which formalise these practices. This model, which allows the question of environment and economic rationality to be dealt in a new way, is studied in the second part. A third part specifies how the study of Russian and Breton cases can enlighten fundamental problems. Don't the Russian post-soviet ecological crisis and the crisis of the Breton agricultural system, illustrate the limits of reference to economic rationality ? Doesn't contemporary reference to sustainable development constitute a reminder of a political principle of responsibility, as well as of an ethical principle of legitimacy ? How does the theoretical model used allow for a precise definition to be given of the concept of public good ? Finally, a certain similarity is shown between the crises concerning the professions of social workers and farming advisers. A redefinition of the profession of adviser is proposed
Raffaud, Fanny. "L'urbain, l'environnement et le développement durable en France : essai d'analyse, Revue Urbanisme 1964-2000." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU1003.
Full textThe sustainable development themes are crossed with urbanism interrogations and concerns. In one hand, this is an attempt to describe the evolution of ideas related to urbanism from the 20th century and their relationship with an environmental approach and in the other hand, this aims to lead to a reflection about the urbanism works and their systems of formations. With this intention, the principal source of investigation selected is articles from the "Urbanisme" magazine listed over the 1964/2000 era. It is question to identify elements being able to refer itself to durability and to repair the interrogations relating to the definition of trade
Nguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Full textDiop, Papa Abdoulaye. "Risques émergents et résilience des écosystèmes soumis à des pressions anthropiques : modélisation intégrée économique et éco-épidémiologique." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED005.
Full textNumerous classic risks are apparently meant to take new forms whereas novel ones are appearing. In fact new threats that are directly related to the current scientific, technologic, economic and social evolutions have added to the classic ones. These “emergent” additional hazards could present a certain number of potential negative effects on ecosystems and to the resources living in such affected areas. It could notably be about a case of excess death rate of resources following either the outbreak of infectious diseases, or even resources’ sensitivity to these infections. Conversely it could be about the accumulation of pollution in the tissue of organisms which are likely to trigger sanitary and environmental threats and which diverge from those that have been considered so far. Because of ecosystems’ vulnerability towards these new environmental risks and thanks to their socioeconomic involvement, people have developed a growing awareness as for as these threats’ potentially catastrophic nature is concerned. While using economic analysis’ literature as well as biomathematics’ tools within the framework of this dissertation, the latter confronts the modeled theory and the empirical contextualization deriving from emerging risks. Our study focuses on the topic of the conservation of renewable resources which are exploited in the face of emerging dangers’ acuteness and whose unfamiliar effects have been forgotten by classic bio-economic modelling. It aims at partaking in the prevention of new environmental risks for biodiversity, thanks to the development of applied and theoretical tools deriving from economic and eco-epidemiologic integrated modelling. Subsequently by learning from biomechanics’ standard framework and with the support of compartmental modelling, this thesis shows the capacities of harvesting to improve the ecosystems’ resilience abilities, as well as the harvesting level at the steady state when an infectious disease affects an ecosystem. It thence leads to results which go against the conservative classic measures that have been recommended to ameliorate the ecosystems’ resilience and stability. Through tackling pivotal issues such as the pollutants’ bioaccumulation and its consequences, it also foregrounds some modifications in the dynamics of the standard models of pollution/resource when the pollutants’ bioaccumulation propriety is taken into account. So to deal with the phenomenon of emerging threats’ acuteness to biodiversity, this dissertation breaks new ground in the sustainable management’s mechanisms of the resources living in exploited ecosystems, while offering new approaches to the understanding of the dynamics that can intervene in ecosystems whose populations rely on the influence of emerging or re-emerging risks
Pasquier, Jean-Louis. "Analyse eco-energetique et economie ecologique : fondements, methodes et applications." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS1A08.
Full textThe eco-energy analysis shows a real ability to take into account the interface between economic systems and their natural environment. Here we focus specifically on two evaluation methods: emergy analysis and extropy analysis (chapter i). The former is based on a particular way to express embodied energy. And the latter belongs to the entropy analysis. Each of those two methods implies a conception of the economy-environment interface (chapter ii). The first one - eco-energy externality - which is specifically linked with the emergy analysis, is a way to evaluate the economic contribution of the natural environment. The second one, that we use here only with the extropy analysis, pertains to the industrial ecology which characterizes relations between economy and ecology in terms of industrial metabolism. In this chapter, we also call the reader's attention on to economists who, in the 18th century and 19th century, already made the first steps leading to those conceptions. This thesis deals neither with subtitution between energy evaluations and monetary ones nor with the definition of an energy theory of economic value. What we try to establish are biophysical indicators able to identify in energy terms ecological constraints of economic activities. The second part illustrates this aspect with different applyings. Some of them are based upon a biofuel production process (chapter iii). And the other ones concern the french ecological economic system (chapter iv). At this stage, the emergy analysis enables us to present an eco-energy approach of the environmental terms in international trade
Nourry, Myriam. "Essais empiriques sur la relation entre la croissance économique et l'environnement." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4021.
Full textThis research deals with the relationship between economic growth and the environment. The three empirical essays described in this work are based on the survey on the environmental Kuznets curve, presented in the first chapter. The second analyzes eight indicators of sustainable development and provides their numerical national assessments between 1990 and 2000. The comparison of trends from the varions measures shows French development was weakly sustainable, but unsustainable in the strong sense over the examined decade. The hypothesis of stochastic convergence for individual sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) missions is tested empirically in the third chapter, over respectively 81 nations between 1950 and 1990 and 127 countries between 1950 and 2003. In this context, a recent, alternative econometric methodology, developed by Pesaran (2007), is applied. Empirical results from unit root and stationarity tests suggest a limited environmental convergence process, even between OECD countries. Building on Hausmann et al. (2005) article, the last chapter identifies episodes of CO2 missions growth acceleration and episodes of degrowth over a dataset composed of 124 economies from 1950 to 2004. Econometric methods of binary variables on panel data are used to find economic, demographic and institutional determinants of such trends. Given the low explanatory power of the significant variables, the empirical study suggests the triggering of acceleration and degrowth episodes remains highly unpredictable
Vu, ManhChien. "Tourisme, croissance et intégration dans l'économie mondiale : les apports du concept de développement durable." Toulon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257238/fr/.
Full textSangaré, Issa Bakary. "Assainissement urbain, organisation des villes et développement écologique : vers "l'autonomie durable" ?" Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2028.
Full textFortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Full textHuitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Full textLandelle, Philippe. "Le développement des sources d'énergie renouvelables et l'aménagement durable du territoire." Limoges, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIMO1003.
Full textRenewable energy sources have an indigenous characteristic and their utilisation has a favourable impact on energy diversification within the EU wich has for priority the security of supply, conpetitiveness and enviromental protection as well as the devopment of disadvantaged regions, Defined in operational terms, this view fits in with the concept of "sustainable spatial planning", taken as the spatialexpression of an overall strategy covering : the balanced socioeconomic development of regions, the improvement of the quality of life, the sound management of natural resources, environmental protection, and the rational use of energy and of theterritory, This thesis aims to gather and to order the study of the legal instruments (implementation of international agreements and setting of regulations and standards in view of developing RES), of the economic instruments (encouragement for producers and consumers to protect the environment through economic and fiscal measures) and of horizontal support instruments (promotion of scientific research and thechnological development, improvement of spatial planning and public information) aiming to promote renewable energy sources and sustainable spatial planning, An analysis of local and national projects and a comparative study of different instruments implemented in the member states will also be undertaken
Pomonti, Vannina. "Nuisances environnementales du trafic automobile et organisation de l'espace et des transports urbains : étude comparée de trois métropoles européennes : Athènes, Amsterdam, Paris." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE1050.
Full textThe thesis studies the links between car traffic pollution and space and transports organisation in urban environment, in the viewpoint of sustainable development. It is based on the study of three metropolises: Athens, Amsterdam, Paris. The first part of the thesis presents the main car traffic nuisances in urban environment (local air pollution and its health impacts, noise, scarce resources consumption, greenhouse gases emissions) as well as the increase of car dependence in areas where the use of car is necessary in everyday life. The cities studies make it possible to observe how space and transport networks organisation, affected by public policies, influence life quality as well as pollution levels. The last part of the thesis offers a typology of the main urban transports policies aiming at implementing a sustainable mobility (technology, taxation, urban planning)
Soh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Kyvelou-Chiotini, Stella-Sophia. "Le tourisme dans l'espace littoral du Péloponnèse :son rôle dans le processus d'urbanisation et de développement des régions hétérogènes : le cas du Magne Messénien." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010547.
Full textFabre, Renaud. "Contribution et retribution du travail agricole dans la croissance : La génération du développement rural (1960-1990)." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080349.
Full textMathieu, Annelise. "L'intégration stratégique du développement durable en entreprise : une source d'éco innovations : étude de cas et analyse factorielle des correspondances." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32044.
Full textBocquet, Anne-Marie. "Les stratégies environnementales dans le secteur agroalimentaire : vers des stratégies écologiquement durables partenariales." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAML046.
Full textTopic of interest : The influence of natural environment in managerial strategies is widely studied, but authors mainly focus on environmental issues and not enough on practices. Sustainable development is a main reference to analyse and describe environmental strategies but because it is an ambivalent and wide-ranging notion, it is difficult to define in concrete terms what it means within the firms. Thesis : Implementing sustainable development implies the involvement of the firm's partners in the food supply-chain, in ways which depend on what the company perceives as responsibility issues. Main goals : This research is intended to analyse sustainable strategies in the food supply-chain, that is to identify models of implementation, and establish a link with environmental issues. This research is based on a framework which identifies three stages of environmental strategies (prevention of pollution, product stewardship, sustainable strategies) linked to environmental issues. Method : This research analyses five cases of sustainable strategies in the food supply-chain, in France and Switzerland : BIOLAIT, ALPINA SAVOIE, CARREFOUR, COOP and MIGROS. A qualitative analysis has been conducted, through internal and external documents, direct observation and interviews dealing with environmental strategy, its implementation and the environmental issues. Main results : Partners in the food supply-chain can be considered as stakeholders to implement a sustainable strategy. This research identifies two models of relations with those partners : responsibility with the producers (which means the producers actively contribute to the environmental strategy) and responsibility towards the producers (which implies helping the producers to reduce environmental impacts)
Debourdeau, Ariane. "Prendre en compte l'environnement dans la sphère du produire : normalisation par les dispositifs socio-techniques en réseau et formes d’engagement environnemental." La Rochelle, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818915.
Full textThis research deals with standardization through different sociotechnical agencements and with the normalization and the regulation of environmental discourses and practices within the sphere of producing (Jonas). It concerns more specifically the firms and their environmental and sustainable development’s politics (management systems, reporting, labelization, a. S. O. ). This dissertation describes finely the concerned networks, and especially mediations provided by a multitude of texts, written and conveyed by heterogeneous actors. This “architexture” is translated into the firm’s environmental practices – a translation corresponding to the new networks’ extensions. Our methodological point of view is ethnographic; accounting for three different kinds of companies environmental politics. We wanted to understand if and how environment can contribute to a politicization of the Sphere of production, to question the instruments serving as a proof of the firm’s commitment to the environment. This research focuses on hybrid forms of environmental public policies, on the development of compromises between rationality economic (economic rationality), scientific and technical innovation and (the) construction of indicator in order to make the environment quantifiable and measurable. This study supposed a large “technical enquiry”, which dealt with statistics on one hand, and technical objects’ way of living on the other hand. The co-production of markets and environment(s) appeared finally as a pragmatic of the “less evil”, which left minimal compromise as for the possibility of an ecological ethics of the Sphere of producing
Gabbay, Ruth. "Le commerce international à l'épreuve des contraintes environnementales." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D009.
Full textThe environmental component of sustainable development has become an essential concept, a major issue that has gradually interfere into the commercial sphere. International trade could no longer ignore the concept of environmental protection and must now deal with It. These two separate legal orders have conflictual relations, as It can be compared as two asymtotes that tends one to the other without ever reaching totally because their interests diverge. Protecting the environment by crossing the path of free exchange may affect the latter by restricting It. So, at first glance, this stormy relationship could lead to potential conflicts of normative and judicial order and in regard to the solutions that can be found. The standards set by MEAs are for some of them in contradiction with those erected by the multilateral trading system. In terms of competitiveness, the implementation of a rigorous environmental policy may have for consequence the reduction of the competitiveness of the developed countries or their companies against those who are more lax on environmental issues. However, we find that environment can be a factor of competitiveness. In addition, to compensate the potential distortions in the competition, countervailing could be considered as a border tax adjustment. The commercial sphere has nevertheless made efforts in the environmental issue. As part of the WTO, the jurisprudence has gradually open out to this and admits, certainly, so conditioned, that a State may on behalf of the preservation of the environment limit Its exchanges. The creation of a Trade Environment Committee demonstrates Its commitment not to ignore environmental issues. This will also be enrolled under the new RTAs which objectives go beyond the multilateral trading system by including in the provisions, the questions excluded during the Cancun negotiations, such as the environment. Environmental assessments of trade policies also represent an innovative instrument at the service of the environment. The implementation of ecolabeling or the creation of environmental goods and services reflects the growing impact that has the environmental component within the free trade
Harribey, Jean-Marie. "Développement soutenable et réduction du temps de travail : analyse critique appliquée au cas de la France." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010042.
Full textAt the end of the 20 th century, economic development encounters ecological and social limits. In a first part we present the elements of methodological criticism that are needed to understand the development crisis. We focus the analysis of technique, economic rationality and value with a view to examining social relations. In a second part we show that the problems of sustainability are placed in an alternative. On the one hand, the approach of environmental economy consists in internalizing the negative externalities : it leads to constantly extend the field of trade activities. On the other hand, sustainability is characterized by the insertion of economy in the biosphere with the prospect of the reproduction of living beings and systems. We propose a typology of the approaches of sustainable development focusing on the notions of value, and we show that the ambiguity of the concept of sustainable development lies in the fact that it considers economic growth as a universal and permanent condition necessary to the improvement of welfare. In a third part, we try to link a qualitative sustainable development with productivity gains to be used to reduce working time and to give each one a job. Such a strategy is based on three principles : responsibility, solidarity and saving. We develop a model for the reduction of inequalities so as to derive the means to fund job creation necessary to cut down unemployment in france
Codur, Anne-Marie. "La relation société-environnement dans une approche systémique : contribution à la définition du concept de développement durable." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework for studying the society-environment relationship in a systemic perspective especially in the context of social systems that are closely dependant on their local environment, as is still the case for most rural communities in developing countries. Traditional analytical, quantitative approaches (using linear causalities) generally fail to explain the complexity of the relation between a society and its environment. This dissertation employs a dynamic interactive socio-ecological system (SES) model which represents the organization of the interface that links any society to its natural environment. Focusing on the institutional aspect of this interface, i argue that the relation between institutional design and ecosystemic properties is critical for sustainability. Sustainable institutional structures must be sensitive to physical factors which impose constraints on the exploitation of natural renewable resources (e. G. Variability and uncertainty in the availability of a resource in space, time and quantity, conditions of access, visibility, divisibility,. . ) I develop a typology of diverse ideal-types of SESs according to institutional responses to ecological constraints (especially in terms of appropriate institutional scales or regulation of access to resources). I illustrate this typology by examples of historically sustainable SESs in rural communities of Morocco and Tunisia. These communities are experiencing exogenous and endogenous changes or shocks (population pressure, institutional failures, openess to the market, conflicts between different institutional scales of regulation,. . . ) That are modifying the patterns of the socio-environment interface and can lead to ecological degradations if the necessary institutional adaptations fail to occur
Avenier-Sharman, Dominique. "Dynamique de dégradation de l'espace rural sénégalais : le cas de la vallée de Bignona en Basse-Casamance." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30016.
Full textThe field work for this study was carried out in the valley of bignona. The study focuses on those changes in both the ecology of the area and the production systems which led to a degradation in the quality of life of rural populations. The basse-casamance, considered in terms of its natural resources to be the richest region of senegal, has not been spared by drought. It has suffered as have other regions, a degradation of the environment brought about by overexploitation of soils and by deforestation, by rural exodus, and by poorly coordinated development projects. The ecology and agricultural systems of the valley differ in the north and the south. In the south, the production system is still traditional and concentrates on rice growing. In the north, it is more open to the exterior and is based on crops such as millet, sorghum and groundnuts cultivated on the plateau. Agriculturalists in both the north and the south are faced with an erratic climate and economic difficulties. This study of the valley of bignona brings out the spectacular transformations of the natural environment and of production systems which have taken place since the beginning of the century. Particular mention is made of the effects that the introduction of groundnuts and the recent drought have had on the development of both the production systems and the landscape. If they do not actually encourage the process of degradation, the actions of development projects and organisations in the valley have not yet succeeded in stopping it
VERICEL, JEAN-MARC. "Technologie et milieu naturel : bilan critique des apports de l'économie et de l'écologie : quelles convergences entre les disciplines ?" Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22012.
Full textWe have decided to take seriously the ecologists' warning : the great bio-geochemical cycles are so disturbed that they eventually call into question the existence of man on earth. For the economist who is interested in production, it amounts to consider critically the technical and scientific development which is now "spreading out" on a planetary scale. Only an overall approach would permit to view the importance of this phenomenon which concerns the relation between man an nature, and man as a cultural being. It is through the convergence of economics and ecology that we have tried to show the "evolution" of those two subjects in a more "operational" direction - as D. Janicaud would say. The logic of the technical development-which cannot be regarded as neutral but as bearing the "cartesian" plan of the domination of nature-can be enhanced by ontological and phenomenological approach. However, it doesn't imply that one should become a technophobe. To swerve from the "apories" of the splitting of object and subject, without falling into "naturalism" or "positivism", is the stake of the search for a unified approach in a human perspective, of the relation between man and nature, with a view to understand and control the global pollutions. The examination of the so called "alternative" theories in the ecological field, reveals
Buhé, Catherine. "Développement d'une méthode de conception environnementale des bâtiments prenant en compte l'environnement de proximité." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS035.
Full textDuval, Mélanie. "Dynamiques spatiales et enjeux territoriaux des processus de patrimonialisation et de développement touristique : étude comparée des gorges de l'Ardèche et du karst slovène." Chambéry, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200563.
Full textThe aim of this work is to observe geographical trajectories of areas where « natural » heritage valorization coexists with tourism processes. It is a question to take shape in which measure these interactive articulations can be translated by an emergence of « tourist region », even « tourist territory », in the particular context of « natural » areas, for which the tourist occupancy leans on landscape valorization. In this context, a comparison between the Ardeche gorges region and the Slovenian Karst allowed us to understand the « tourism-heritage » dialogical and to feature networks logics between exo- and endo-karstic sites (canyon/ gorges, karstic landscape, tourist cave). While the first part of this work presents the interests of this comparison and work fields (chapters 1 and 2), the following three parts examine the spatial dynamics and the territorial implications of tourism/ heritage couple. Chapters 3 and 4 take shape the various forms that this couple can take, featuring their dialogical character and the mobilization of heritage processes in tourism development projects. The third part (chapters 5 and 6) measures the spatial registration of this dialectical relationship : it is question to observe how the interactions between heritage processes and tourist development can be translated by the emergence of « tourist region ». Finally, the fourth and last part (chapters 7 and 8) proposes a questioning on the « tourist territory» notion : around the Ardeche gorges, this part observes the existence of « tourist territory» by crossing tourist populations' territorialities and stakeholders' games
Ribeiro, De Oliveira Josilene. "« De la campagne, d’accord, mais pas bête ! » : réciprocité, dons et luttes symboliques dans le tourisme à Areia (état de Paraiba – Brésil)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC009/document.
Full textThe theme of this thesis is the symbolic battles between towns people and ‘peasants’ in the context of the re-elaboration of rurality. The general aim is to analyze the reinterpretation process of countryside practices by the 'peasants' participation in the tourism development in the city of Areia - state of Paraíba. The qualitative research has an eminently ethnographic character, focusing on the observation of social relations in the Chã de Jardim Community and the small landowners reconversion strategies. The data were produced and collected through observation and structured and semi-structured interviews with craftsmen, workers of the Restaurante Rural Vó Maria, members of Adesco, tourism entrepreneurs in Areia, and representatives of intermediary bodies - a role played by entities such as Senar, Sebrae,PBTur, Cooperar, Atura, among others involved in modelling the tourism in rural areas. In addition, an exploratory survey was carried out among the customers of the restaurant through questionnaires and by monitoring excursions, which allowed to draw a profile and identify the demands of the consumers. The analysis links “native” (produced by the people studied) and analytical categories, keeping in perspective the symbolic exchanges between the smalllandowners and the other agents. The solidarities and games of interest which mark the relations between them, at the micro and macro social levels, are discussed by the theory of the gift of Marcel Mauss, the sociology of domination of Pierre Bourdieu, and the notion of hierarchical reciprocity of Marcos Lanna. This study defends the thesis that the participation of the small landowners in the production of the tourist offer is made possible by means of alliances at the internal and external level, established on the basis of the exchange of gifts,following the principle of hierarchical reciprocity. On the one hand, the exchanges of giftswith other agents tend to promote social recognition and raise the self-esteem of the smalllandowners; and, on the other hand, it generates internal differentiation and new hierarchies,“naturalizing” the subordination and symbolic domination of the employees towards their peasant bosses. In this sense, the symbolic battles are understood as daily struggles for recognition and dignity, aiming to overcome the process of inferiorization and invisibility towhich 'peasants' and other groups, poorly placed in the social space, are submitted in their relationship with the dominant classes. For a long time "kept invisible", these struggles could only emerge through the implementation of public policies to confront rural poverty,stimulating rural education and rural development actions, which, in addition to improving the living conditions of the rural population, allowed the emergence and the strengthening of local leaderships. Far from being a one-directional movement that results in a real restructuring of positions in the social space, the observed solidarities and battles between the agents reveal themselves as a complex and ambiguous process, full of contradictions in which different levels of reciprocity are established, whether within the community microsystem orin the exchanges between the ‘peasants’ and the town entrepreneurs, the intermediary bodies or the consumers, forming what could be considered an extended circuit of circulation of giftsin the tourism market in Brejo Paraibano
O tema da presente tese são as lutas simbólicas entre citadinos e sitiantes, no contexto dere elaboração da ruralidade. O objetivo geral é analisar o processo de ressignificação daspráticas camponesas a partir da participação dos sitiantes no desenvolvimento do turismo nomunicípio de Areia, na Paraíba. A pesquisa qualitativa tem caráter eminentemente etnográfico, privilegiando a observação das relações sociais na Comunidade Chã de Jardim eas estratégias de reconversão dos sitiantes. Os dados foram produzidos e coletados por meioda observação e de entrevistas semidirigidas ou dirigidas, realizadas com as artesãs, ostra balhadores do Restaurante Rural Vó Maria, os membros da Adesco, os empre endedores deturismo, em Areia, e os representantes das instâncias intermediárias – papel ocupado porentidades como o Senar, o Sebrae, a PBTur, o Cooperar, a Atura, dentre outras implicadas naformatação do turismo no espaço rural. Complementarmente, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória junto aos clientes do Restaurante, por meio de questionários e do acompanhamento de excursões, o que permitiu traçar um perfil e identificar as demandas do público consumidor. A análise articula categorias nativas e analíticas, mantendo em perspectiva as trocas simbólicas entre os sitiantes e os outros agentes. As solidariedades e osjogos de interesse que marcam as relações entre eles são tratados a partir da teoria da dádiva,de Marcel Mauss, da sociologia da dominação, de Pierre Bourdieu, e da noção de reciprocidade hierárquica de Marcos Lanna. Defende-se a tese que a participação dos sitiantesna produção da oferta turística viabiliza-se por meio de alianças, nos planos interno e externo,estabelecidas com base na troca de dons, seguindo o princípio da reciprocidade hierárquica.Por um lado, as trocas de dádivas com outros agentes tendem a promover o reconhecimento social e elevar a autoestima dos sitiantes; e, por outro lado, tendem a gerar diferenciação interna e novas hierarquias, naturalizando a subordinação e a dominação simbólica dos empregados aos patrões. Desse modo, as lutas simbólicas são compreendidas como lutas cotidianas por reconhecimento e dignidade, que visam à superação do processo deinferiorização e invisibilidade às quais os sitiantes e outros grupos mal posicionados noespaço social são submetidos na relação com as classes dominantes. Por muito tempo “invisibilizadas”, essas lutas só puderam ganhar a cena a partir da implantação de políticas públicas de enfrentamento à pobreza rural, do estímulo à educação no campo e de ações de desenvolvimento rural, que, além de elevar as condições de vida da população rural,permitiram a emergência e o fortalecimento de lideranças locais. Longe de ser um movimentoem sentido único, que resulte em uma verdadeira reestruturação das posições no espaço social, as solidariedades e lutas observadas entre os agentes revelam-se um processo complexo e ambíguo, pleno de contradições, dentro do qual se estabelecem diferentes níveisde reciprocidade, seja dentro do microssistema comunitário, sejam nas trocas entre os sitiantese os empre endedores do município, as instâncias intermediárias ou os consumidores,formando o que poderia ser considerado um circuito ampliado de circulação de dádivas nomercado turístico no Brejo Paraibano
Hamiche, M'Hamed. "Chemin de fer, aménagement de l'espace et développement économique au Maroc." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR1501.
Full textAmbomo, Marcel. "Commerce, environnement et développement en Afrique francophone : réalités et perspectives." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4007.
Full textBase development only on economic growth, was a trend in Africa. Henceforth, this approach is questioned, since the consecration of sustainable development at Rio Summit. Consequently, development issue of African countries is studied, by redefining actual balance between trade, environment and development. Indeed, we can take up a bet on trade as development tool in Africa. However, his success depends on withdraw of trade barriers and the protection of environment. We seize here, the opportunity to re-examine the sustainable concept, which appears, for good, as a civilization vision. At what scale? Universality seems on this context attractive. But it's risky, because it could ignore local situation. In this field, we can think globally, but act locally. This concept allows sui generis sustainable development models, with the purpose to avoid a unique environmental view
Raffin, Natacha. "Environnement, santé, éducation : quels enjeux pour le développement ?" Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
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