Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement rural – Cameroun – 1960-'
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Roupsard, Marcel. "Nord-Cameroun : ouverture et développement d'une région enclavée." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100138.
Full textNorth-Cameroon forms part of the Soudano-Sahel belt of West and Central Africa. The administration is divided into three provinces corresponding to natural units: the highlands od Adamawa, the Benue basin and the plains and the mountains of the Extreme-North. The difficulties of communication with the Atlantic coast and the scant interest show over a long period by the colonial power account for the economic backwardness in comparaison with neighbouring states and especially in comparaison with the Southern regions of the country. There is a population of more than three million inhabitants, but, for historic reasons, it is concentrated mainly in the Extreme-North despite the unfavourable natural environment. Migration outside the region and to towns in the region remains limited, but large movements to reestablish a balance of population from the Extreme-North to the Benue basin have occurred since 1960. The opening up and development of the region initiated during the colonial period resulted during the seventies in the creation of a North-South axis, which allowed the development of exchange with the exterior through the port of Douala. Simultaneously, the old transversal East-West links grew due to the riches of the Nigerian industry. The Muslim middle-class merchants profits most from the accelerated exchange. Since 1974, regional development benefitted from a steep rise in the price of products of animal husbandry, fishing and food crop farming due to the demand of the Nigerian market. Official action favours cash crop production in particular. In the Logone plains, rice growing was intensified under the direction of the “SEMRY” for the home market. Cotton growing supervised by “SODECOTON” became the principal support of rural development. The progress made from 1974 to 1984 accentuated the regional and social inequalities and is of benefit above all to the urban commercial structures. The recent inversion of trends seriously threatens the economy of the whole North-Cameroon
Roulet, Pierre-Armand. ""Chasseur blanc, coeur noir" ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale : une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion de la chasse communautaire." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE1053.
Full textThe interdisciplinary thesis analyses the role of sport hunting in the programmes of participative management of wildlife in Central Africa, more particularly on two pilot sites (northern Central African Republic and south-east Cameroon). Over the course of the 20th century, sport hunting evolved greatly through the joint processes of "democratisation", professionalisation and internationalisation of its protagonists. These days, safari operators can play a major role in conservation, notably owing to their spatial control of sizeable cynegetic zones, globally sustainable harvesting and a sound capacity to look after and defend the natural environment. This statement can, however, only be fully appreciated when the activity of safari operators plays a part in programmes linking the state, specific projects and the local population. The analysis of the techniques, ideology and discourse of safari guides and those of their clients reveals the antinomy of their ideas of safari as well as the onset of a nostalgia for colonial hunting. We note also the surprising fact that the "great white hunters" often fit better into the rural socio-cultural context than do other non-indigenous protagonists. Finally, if the economic argument presenting sport hunting as a signifiant tool in programmes of participative management of wildlife remains valid, it is nevertheless essential not to overlook the conceptual and technical limits of the proposed models, as well as the very real stakes lying behind the appropriation of the land and resources
Achancho, Valantine. "Le rôle des organisations paysannes dans la professionnalisation de l'agriculture en afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Cameroun." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935522.
Full textMelingui, Ambroise. "Les perspectives de développement de la dépression Mbam-Sanaga au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10037.
Full textBeing recently populated, the mbam-sanaga depression was under foreign rule. Characteristic of this population is youth, dynamism, ethnic diversity and a profesional training still to develop. Agriculture, the most important occupation, handicraft, the unique processing activity and public utility services where people take refuge, are characterized by the mismanagement of financial and tehcnical ressources and by poor outputs. After three decades of economic planning, economic figures are globally almost negative. The fast growing population exerts a pressure on the access to employment, goods and essential services. The strategy for development adopted has shown its limits. However, development prospects still remain. They are buitl upon natural and human potentialities. Amaong others is the spread of school attendance and professional training, the cleverness of youth, the ongoing liberalization of laws forecasting the creation of more stimulating socia activities
Etamane, Mahop Alain Thomas. "Pouvoirs publics et développement socio-économique à l'Est Cameroun 1960-2010 : analyse historique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3044.
Full textThe goal of my work was to show the actions of Cameroonian government in the economic and social development in East Cameroon from 1960 to 2010. This said, from her accession to independence in 1960, the young state of Cameroon had to be accomplished, affirmed and became master of her destiny. On the political domain, political instability reigned in several regions of the country. At the economic level, the Cameroonian authorities mobilized themselves to develop the country and to make it an environment of prosperity. This came about by the putting in place a policy of an economic, social and cultural development through an indicative type of planification. This Cameroonian political planification of development was an instrument of organization, of orientation and the animation of economic and social development. East Cameroon, a poor parent in matters of development had benefited from some developmental projects which were in contrast with the potentialities of the region. As for the government, the challengers were many to overcome so as to bring out the region from under development to reduce poverty. To this effect, the idea of reflection that was received was possible only it they remained in line with aspirations of the government constructed to attain the objectives of development. The results obtained were contrasted at different levels. The development envisaged in the East of Cameroon is in accordance to the participation of the region to the economic growth
Tchekote, Hervé. "Financement rural et développement durable : logiques d'acteurs et dynamiques territoriales dans l'Ouest du Cameroun." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010597.
Full textBertoua, Philippe Jacques. "L'état et le développement au Cameroun : étude critique et constructive par l'analyse des politiques publiques." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090048.
Full textLieugomg, Médard. "Les plantations industrielles et les plantations villageoises de palmiers à huile sélectionnées dans les zones d'intervention de la société camerounaise des palmeraies (So. Ca. Palm) : le cas des régions d'Eseka et de Dibombari." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100191.
Full textIn order to implement a palm-tree scheme in eastern Cameroon, a development enterprise, the societe camerounaise des palmeraies (so. Ca. Palm), was set up in 1968. Today, its action is extended to 5 areas (mbongo, dibombari, eseka, kienke and edea). Eseka and dibombari areas alone it controls 8 421 ha of improved palm-trees and more than 1 700 employees in industrial palm-groves and 5 154 ha for 1 348 small holders. So. Ca. Palm has achieved a noticeable progress as far as production is concerned but is confronted with problems due to personnel and small holders’ management. These problems are aggravated by the aging of plantations and difficulties in commercializing its products both on national and international markets. If the state cannot efficiently and competently manage with profitability a firm with so. Ca. Palm dimensions, the solution is either privatization or the creation of smaller enterprise, setting up of small structures by which peasants can understand why and for whom they should produce
Lee, Han-Kyu. "Le développement politique et les partis politiques au Cameroun sous la colonisation française entre 1945-1958." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100047.
Full textOur thesis is divided into three parts and deals essentially with two subjects. The first is the domination of europe, and in particular that of germany and france, in the dialectical relationship between colonization and civilization. The second is the political parties in cameroon and the dilemma they face in the political development process in that country. The story of colonization is not an ordinary story, even if it is related to an economic phenomenon (capitalism) and characterized by the use of force (imperialism). Since then, however, civilization has been based on the inequality between the people being civilized and the people bringing the civilization. Indeed, there can be no "civilizing mission" without the duties of civilization. The "civilizing mission" has not allowed the natives to become french because if that had happened, they would have experienced their rights as their duties. Thus, the capitalistic and imperialistic colonialism practiced by the french has been based on a "distinct" civilization that requires arbitrarily performing the duties of the colonized people. The political parties in cameroon came into being in this historical context. These parties, like those in most of the african countries colonized at the same period, have to reconcile two demands: the first is to fight against colonialism and the second, to provide the population with political structures. Thus, between 1945 and 1958, they gave themselves the task of transforming social forces (social conflicts) into political forces. For the parties in cameroon, politicization is a duty that falls on the people and not a right possessed because it is desired. They had recourse to all kinds of political actions, both violent and non-violent, irrespective of form or content. Through their efforts, the parties in cameroon were able to achieve a positive rather than the normative or doctrinal position that they had during the last phase of colonization. Whatever the basic socio-political conflicts may be, they will always exist and contribute to the functioning of a given society, because there is never a society without conflict. The political parties must face up to their responsibility with regard to socio-political conflicts. One characteristic of the political parties is that they form and break up constantly between groups of individuals who are united by common intere
Zogo, Ekassi Alphonse. "La problématique du développement rural et la dynamique paysanne dans le contexte de la libéralisation économique en Afrique : le cas du Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40048.
Full textKodok, Simon-Pierre. "L'Église et l'État face au développement socio-économique : cas du Sud-Cameroun." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30070.
Full textThe church is presented as a temporary organization in the area of social mobilization and definition. This doctoral thesis proposes to study the role of the christian church in the socio-economic development of rural areas using. The example of southern-cameroon. After reviewing the evolution of the agriculture system since the independance and analysing the economic crisis of the countrys. This thesis studies the politics and alternative solutions that the churches of southern-cameroon propose. All of this is studied using six projects which are presented and discuted. . . This study shows the difficulties of putting into place an action of development because of the obstacles that can come from either the churches or the community. But it also shows the positive aspects of the process of development which can take place in an under developped country. These examples are based on the evangelical traditions of conquering poverty and promoting the development of evry human being-both physically and spiritually
Moulende, Fouda Thérèse. "Les mécanismes de financement en milieu rural camerounais : une analyse des déterminants de la demande de services financiers des ménages." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS009S.
Full textWhy don't Camerouun rural households refer to microfinance institutions for their financial services needs ? Why are social exprenses so important in their budget ? These questions are relevant to the atypic financial behavior of rural households, as regarding the microfinance and rural development actions. They suggested this thesis on rural financial behavior, and the demand side approach based on households personal characteristics. The objective is to show the rationality underlying their financial choices. Based on the househoulds economic portofolio model, empirical analysis to characterize households was developped, then a theoretical analysis to explain the observed behavior was conducted. The results are sumarized in five main points : 1 - households are rational in the sense of "Homo Africanus" ; 2 - their level of education and existence of secondary activities, together with social objectives to meet their basic needs, act to motivate and interest in financial institutions ; 3 - general poverty and precarity exclude many households from financial institutions, depending however on educational level, activities, size of household and sex, women are worst off ; 4 - the demand for savings, insurance, specific production and social needs'credit is not covered by local informal structures, leaving rural households in "financial disarray" ; 5 - very few rural people have knowledge on microfinance institutions, the later are more located in urban areas where their clients allow for higher returns. The fex institutions that operate in rural areas have benefitted of subsidies to launch the program, as is the case anywhay all over the world. The thesis comes to the conclusion that low financial deepending and households'personal characteristics are the reasons why supply and demand for financial services seldom meet
Ndembou, Samuel. "Le développement rural dans la plaine de la Bénoué (Cameroun) : changements géographiques et permanence sociale." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010625.
Full textDjouonang, Lucas. "La rencontre des technologies locales et des technologies importées en pays moins industrialisés : le cas des technologies agricoles au Cameroun." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100105.
Full textFabre, Renaud. "Contribution et retribution du travail agricole dans la croissance : La génération du développement rural (1960-1990)." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080349.
Full textMoto, Henri Fidèle. "L'accès à l'eau potable en milieu rural au Cameroun : à la recherche d'une approche éthique et théologique du développement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK016.
Full textThe choices and ethical practices of development are major factors in the effective implementation of the right to drinking water in rural Cameroon. After identifying some benchmarks for humanization of development in this sub-Saharan African country, this thesis highlights the challenges of access to drinking water through a socio-ethical analysis of the experiences of three water projects in the departments of Sanaga Maritime and Mbam Inoubou. It demonstrates that the restoration of the dignity and capacity of local actors is the lever on which action is needed to establish a society of commonality and communion that is favorable to ethical development. Unlike a society that promotes “non-commonality” which emerges from the analysis of field experiments, the one that promotes commonality would be able to respond to precarious situations without depending on the assistance and / or direction of guardians
Diallo, Nadia. "Conjoncture économique et développement agricole : la Côte d'Ivoire, 1970-1983." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10036.
Full textThe ivory-coast economic development strategy leans on the expansion of agricultural exports. This gave remarkable results among which a rapid economic growth until 1978. Then happened an important economical crisis that continues and increases. The ivory-coast economic development strategy has been clogged by external and unexpected events (fluctuations in the value of agricultural exports), and by inadequate decisions
Houedete, Ogounbyi Thomas. "Régime foncier et développement agricole au sud du Bénin : de l'indépendance à nos jours (1960-2002)." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the dynamics and the results of the system of land tenure in southern benin on the region's agricultural development. It aims to contribute to the general approach to the dynamics of the unwritten " common " law of land tenure systems, as regards their relationships to the state and the productive use of agricultural ressources. This study borrows some analysing tools from the old institutional economics. It participates to an empirical study of institutional change from the standpoint of a specific institution - land tenure - in the context of an under-developed agricultural economy, still bearing some scars from its colonial past. The notion of transaction in commons' sense is used here, as is the role of state action through regulating processes to establish the counter-developing nature of land tenure in southern benin. The main reasons of the present institutional deadlock are presented here, along with a few suggestions as to how to modify that land tenure
Bernard, Alain. "Impact de la riziculture et d'une opération de mise en place d'organisations paysannes sur la société Massa du Nord-Cameroun : une société segmentaire face au développement." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR2005.
Full textFor more than thirty years, the massa population of northern cameroon has been benefiting by development plans to expand the rice growing, such as the one of the semry. The confrontation of two "civilizations", the first one, giving a greater place to technique and production, the second one based on tradition, divided into segements, led to the following deadlock: overproduction and strained social tensions together with a non mastered change in the traditional culture. Then, the reconciliation of these two ways of reasoning: the hydrofarming expert's and the massa farmer appeared to be essential. That is the reason why, from 1983 to 1986, the ccce (an economic cooperation fund) backed and carried out an experimentation on one of the semry's rice growing units. The four keys factors were: redistribution of land according to the customary settlements and lineages; making the farmers aware of their responsabilities towards the paddy growing and gathering; teaching them how to read and write as well as giving them a management training; inducing them to think about the community use of the income. The development of the farming structures takes little by little the place of the technical solutions of the semry
Kigueni, Philippe. "Exode rural et croissance urbaine : incidences sur le développement et les transformations socio-économiques à Brazzaville depuis 1960." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR21003.
Full textThe urban represents nowadays fundamental problematics of the cultural the social and economic development of the urban society in black Africa. It corresponds to a privilege theme of study with a view to understand its mechanisms and all the socio-urban reality that it includes. Why and how does it develop? In the Congo and particularly in Brazzaville, the political capital, the urban growth constitutes a social phenomenon of great importance which modifies the way of life of all those who go and live over there. From the rural depopulation and from a high natality follows a population rush which composes this town. As the norms of urban life are often opposed to the traditional way of life, the customs and the traditions of every boy raise up contradictions in their social circles. Therefore, the analysis of the urban growth phenomenon opens up exciting sociological prospects. As an attentive observer of the developing societies, deal with this urban reality from various angles : its connection with the rural sphere, its attract on the young, its problems of integration, unemployment, lodging and traffic. . . The question raised in this study are numerous, as are the variables often not easily quantifiable, which can contribute to explain this growth
Mvelle, Minfenda Guy. "Aide au développement et coopération décentralisée : esquisse d'une désétatisation de l'aide française : les cas du Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, RCA, Tchad et Rwanda." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_mvelle_g.pdf.
Full textBernard, Claire. "Les aménagements du bassin du fleuve Sénégal pendant la colonisation : 1850/1960." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070031.
Full textAfter a precise description of the senegal river valley's, it is a very complete analysis of each development projects, which is being done. For each projects statements which has to be settleddavn, the political, economic and social contexts, as much in france than in the valley is related. This allows us to unterstand the causes of the failures and the difficulties of a political statement or the spreading out of a poor area. The political, economic, ecological and social's life in the valley is being dealt by to pics : real estate, landed property, conflicts, climatic problems, scarcity or starvation. The african chief district's attitude and the european's commercial houses which contribute to the population's misery, especially during the two world wars, has been denounced
Anafak, Lemofak Antoine Japhet. "La Belgique et l'Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme? dynamique de la politique de coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210145.
Full textCette thèse insiste sur les éléments de mise en place et les fondements de la politique étrangère de la Belgique en Afrique centrale. Elle analyse sa présence depuis la colonisation du Congo, du Ruanda-Urundi et développe le processus de mutation de la Belgique dans la sous-région à la faveur des indépendances. Cette accession à la souveraineté des territoires leur attribuait le statut d’acteur de la communauté internationale. L’adaptation de la Belgique à cette nouvelle donne l’oblige à étendre son espace de captation d’intérêts par l’établissement des relations diplomatiques avec de nombreux pays de la région parmi lesquels le Cameroun. Le choix du Cameroun comme pays d'appui à la politique belge dans la région en dehors de ses colonies est le fait de nombreuses justifications que cette thèse démontre.
Ce travail insiste sur les rapports politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique notamment les éléments expliquant la coopération diplomatique et politique entre le Cameroun et la Belgique. Celle-ci était basée sur un soutien mutuel dans la lutte contre les mouvements rebelles procommunistes au Cameroun et au Congo dans les années 60. Cet ouvrage développe l'organisation de l’action conjointe de la Belgique et du Cameroun dans la lutte contre le communisme en Afrique centrale principalement au Congo en période de guerre froide, les éléments prouvant le soutien de la Belgique au Cameroun dans sa lutte contre les activistes nationalistes de l’UPC et réciproquement, les actions montrant la collaboration et la compréhension du Cameroun envers la Belgique dans la gestion des conflits d’après indépendance au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi.
De plus, cette thèse évoque la dynamique de la politique étrangère de la Belgique à partir de 1965 dans la région. Dans cette section marquée par l’arrivée de Mobutu au pouvoir et le coup d’Etat de Micombero au Burundi, ce travail détaille les éléments qui justifient le renforcement des relations politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique après 1965 par l’analyse du contexte national et international de mise en place de cette politique après 1967. Un contexte marqué par la réélection d’Ahmadou Ahidjo et le renforcement de son pouvoir et le départ du socialiste Paul-Henri Spaak, remplacé par le démocrate-chrétien Pierre Harmel. Ce dernier instaure une nouvelle politique dite de diversification et de distanciation envers le régime de Mobutu. Le constat est que cette diversification a profité au Cameroun, devenu progressivement un partenaire privilégié de la Belgique dans la région après la visite officielle d’Ahidjo de 1967 à Bruxelles.
Ce travail analyse les rapports qu’entretenaient la Belgique et le Cameroun dans les organisations internationales en rapport avec la situation interne de son pré-carré d’Afrique centrale, notamment les circonstances du soutien de la candidature du Zaïre à l’entrée dans l’Union Douanière et Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) et plus tard dans la création de l’Union Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UEAC) en 1969. Le soutien mutuel des candidatures belges et camerounaises dans les instances internationales à partir des années septante, les incidences de l’entrée du Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et l’Irlande du Nord au sein de la Communauté Economique Européenne (la convention de Lomé I) sur la politique étrangère belge menée par Renaat Van Elslande, les implications de la zaïrianisation sur les relations belgo-zaïroises, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Juvénal Habyarimana au Rwanda et la renégociation des accords d’indépendance entre le Cameroun et la France. La Belgique et ces pays souhaitaient une approche plus consensuelle des grandes questions internationales, notamment le nouvel ordre économique international, le conflit du proche orient, la question de la décolonisation des territoires portugais d’Afrique centrale, la généralisation des conflits armés et des assassinats politiques.
La présence militaire belge en Afrique centrale est un fait colonial. Un rappel nécessaire de cette présence militaire depuis la période coloniale nous a permis de nous interroger sur la gestion difficile du devenir de ces soldats après les indépendances du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi, notamment pendant la crise Katangaise. Ces difficultés rencontrées au Congo poussent la Belgique à trouver des dérivatifs pour se désengager militairement au Ruanda-Urundi après l’indépendance en 1962. La visite officielle de juin 1967 d’Ahmadou Ahidjo en Belgique marque le début d’une intense coopération militaire entre la Belgique et le Cameroun. Les deux pays coopèrent pour la livraison du matériel de guerre par la Fabrique d’Herstal à Liège, et dans la formation les officiers camerounais en Belgique. Plusieurs facteurs justifiant cette coopération avec le Cameroun sont énumérés dans cette thèse. De plus, ce travail retrace l’implication de la Belgique dans les guerres du Shaba et ses initiatives en faveur d’une paix globale dans la région autour les années 80.
Le troisième grand axe de cette thèse développe la présence de la Belgique en Afrique centrale dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique Européenne. Après avoir expliqué l'historique et l'évolution du FED, nous avons exploré le poids de la présence belge au sein du Fond Européen de Développement par rapport à la France et les autres Etats de la CEE pour constater sa faiblesse dans cette institution contrôlée par la France l’Allemagne. Ce qui justifie son choix de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans la région. Enfin, ce thèse insiste sur ces relations économiques bilatérales de la Belgique en Afrique centrale, principalement au Cameroun en comparaison avec les anciennes colonies pour voir l'influence de la Belgique au Cameroun, au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi depuis les indépendances jusqu'aux années nonante.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guigma, Tibo. "Politique de développement, organisations rurales et comportement des agriculteurs au Burkina-Faso." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10033.
Full textOkoundzi, Jérôme. "Organisation sociale, systèmes de production et perspectives de développement économique dans le bassin de la Sébé, Gabon." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20020.
Full textThe village agriculture of the Sébé area is ecological and biological; it can become an asset in the future debates over the ecological and biological agronomy if the economic concerns follow the mentalities and the current philosophy that promotes wholesome food. It appears that economically and socially, the inhabitants of the Sébé area remain viable and capable of producing surplus goods/products/crop, provided that these ones have a reliable and continuous purchaser. There is a particular lack of economic infrastructures to this village economy. This is why we have offered to create a local and inter-village organization that will launch the economic development. This organization will be some kind of interface capable of leading the village dwellers to the transition from a domestic village economy to a national economy of market. We have named this local organization "AUDACE"; it could also be a new conception of the village economy. The results of a survey that we made among young educated people confirm that the rural economy in Gabon is still distincly contrasted with the urban economy. Not only does our proposal value a local development that should adapt the village dwellers to the national economy of market, but it also reconstructs social relations by redefining the dichotomous roles of men and women
Megne, M'ella Ghislain Desire. "L'organisation sociale du sport au GABON, de l'indépendance à nos jours (1960-2012). Analyse socio-historique des facteurs de facilitations et des contraintes. Perspectives comparatives : Caméroun-Sénégal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0317/document.
Full textThe ambition that leads this thesis is as original as fascinating: analyzing the roleof the social organization of the Gabonese sport in the context of a developing country, themode of expression of the local people in the colonial period, and the element of integrationin the concert of nations after the independences. This research, in general, seeks tocomprehend sport organizations in Gabon. It is all about understanding the implication andthe impact of sport federations in Gabon from its independence (1960) to now. A trip in thepast reveals us that sport federations are separated from the traditional culture and modernculture. Therefore, we can see why they are out of touch with the current economic and socioculturalneeds of the moment. As we travel back in time, the purpose of this thesis ismultidisciplinary and comparative, based on the methods of the sociology of sport. It seeks todecrypt historical, social, political, economic and institutional conditions; and the logic of thepresent actors, so to understand the consequences that follow, and are testimonies of a uniqueorganization a francophone area (Gabon, Cameroon, and Senegal). This thesis informs aboutthe sport policies. Who organizes? How? In whose interest? These principal questions lead usto the overall problematic: Why sport organizations in Gabon favor more imported models oforganization. In more detail, how the transposition of the French model influences sportpolicies in Gabon; and how does it interact with the local particularities. Far from being aGabonese specificity solely, the colonial input remains a substantial propriety in youngAfrican states
Makouatsa, Boupo Nina-Marinette. "La dynamique de coopération dans le secteur de l'économie sociale et solidaire au Gabon : Cas de la COOPEAN et de la COOPAM : état des lieux et perspectives." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2029.
Full textThis thesis is the result of an empirical survey carried out in Gabon from 2012 to 2014, with two cooperatives: COOPEAN and COOPAM respectively located in Libreville and Ntoum. In this thesis, I make a comparative analysis of the cooperative relations and practices through the behaviors and the social representations of its actors. I put into question the responsibility of the State and that of the members of these cooperatives in relation to the weak dynamics of these structures. On one hand, the responsibility of the State is summed up by its lack of control over modern cooperative systems and its weak support for these structures; On the other hand, cooperators, in the face of economic competition and local beliefs, adopt strategies and behaviors that are more in keeping with their particular ambitions and interests. Surveys and field observations show that the cooperation of the members in the various cooperatives is deployed in dynamics in which affinities, complexes of superiority and inferiority, a break in confidence, jealousy, tensions, contradictions, Economic and social uncertainties. The use of occult forces and the use of sorcery and fetish practices related to competitions, productive and commercial rivalries, and the conflicts associated with unequal power and the management of common resources, constitute serious obstacles in the cooperation of members and the development of cooperatives. These internal realities of cooperatives show that the members do not show a real will for freedom, equality, transparency, democracy, consideration and ethics specific to cooperatives
Ndami, Chantal. "Agricultures familiales et dynamiques de genre au Cameroun, de la fin du XIXeme siècle aux indépendances." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC070/document.
Full textThe development of commercial crops such as cocoa and coffee exclusively for export at the end of the nineteenth century deeply transformed Cameroon's rural areas as well as the social and economic structures of the societies that adopted them. In the Bamileke and Beti societies, agriculture was based on the principle of a sexual division of labor in which women had a central role in food production. Agricultural work was one of the components of female identity and gave women a major economic role in these societies. The introduction of export crops during the colonial period led to a transformation of agrarian systems that affected the role of women. This study analyzes the evolution of gender relations, notably through the coexistence of food (female) and export (male) cultures on family farms. It explores the way in which colonial policies influenced both family systems of agricultural production and social relations (elders-cadets, men-women), especially with regard to access to productive resources. It highlights the ways Bamileke women struggled to preserve their social and economic rights at the end of the colonial period
Roulet, Pierre-Armand Roulet. "« Chasseur blanc, cœur noir ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale. Une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion communautaire ». Les cas du nord RCA et du sud-est Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00170051.
Full textAmmi, Houssameddine. "Villes et développement économique en Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL2004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the study of the evolution of cities and the economic development in Algeria, by making a first study on the cities of the Maghreb countries, which present a similarity in their evolution and know an accelerated process of their urbanization due to the phenomenon of rural exodus. This work consists of three chapters.The first chapter proposes to study the development of urban hierarchies and determine the nature of urban growth for the three countries of this region of the world, which has undergone significant demographic, political, economic and social changes since the second half of the 20th century. This work is based on a database of urban populations in the Maghreb countries of more than 5000 inhabitants for all the censuses carried out since the 1960s. We will then analyze the results found with the help of econometric tools and models often used by researchers in the field of urbanization.Algeria, which is our case study in the second chapter, presents at independence in 1962, a dependent economy, disarticulated and oriented around the interest of the colonial minority and capitalization metropolitan, its poor and almost illiterate population lives on the northern strip of the country. Post independence industrial projects launched by successive governments have had no convincing results. Indeed, more than half a century later, Algeria is still highly dependent on hydrocarbon rent and its economy has not been diversified.The city of Algiers, object of our third chapter, was born in the 10th century and becomes the capital of the Regency between the 16th and 19th century. During the colonial period 1830-1962, the city developed, westernized, it becomes the colonial capital out of the hype and at independence, from the departure of the Europeans, a rush on the vacant property is observed; the exodus started during the war accelerates. The new state does not have an urban policy; it renews the colonial legislation and then opts in 1974 for a socialist and liberal type of legislation from 1990. The attempts to control the urbanization by institutions, studies, and divisions did not give the convincing results, the city evolved spontaneously
Vessat, Alexis. "Le rapport énergie-croissance revisité par l'accès à l'électricité : le cas des pays de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD034.
Full textEnergy demand in Sub-Saharan Africa has outpaced that in the North. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has forecasted the greatest increase in energy consumption to come from this area. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth began to be studied in Sub-Saharan Africa in the late 90s, using the same method as for developed countries and with the same lack of consensus on the direction of causality. This thesis attempts to clarify this situation through a meta-analysis of fifty articles published since 1996 to 2016. This meta-analysis involves five analytical categories: type of publication, geographical area studied, econometrics method used, energy consumption indicators, and control variables. Each of these dimensions includes many disaggregated variables. Logistic regressions are run on the variables presented above for each of the four causality hypotheses. In research that studies single countries, the likelihood of finding for a given causality hypothesis is very sensitive to the econometric method implemented. Findings on a panel of countries are then presented; their methods assert the neutrality hypothesis.The energy sector in sub-Saharan Africa is in a state of flux. Based on an approach borrowed from industrial economics, using historical examples that point to three successive transformations of electricity market structure, our analysis differs from previous studies by looking at demand as a consequence of supply. Our results show, an extremely fragmented demand for energy in sub-Saharan African countries,within which a very dynamic unmet demand drives change in how supply is offered. New forms of energy provisioning introduced on the electricity market put into question the initial on-grid network model. The appearance of decentralized electricity production shows that there is a potential for going beyond current limitations and moving away from a supply structure focused on the maintenance and improvement of ongrid networks without consideration of the needs of rural populations on one hand, and on the other hand, the establishment of expensive mini-grids that provide inferior energy services to rural populations. New territorial linkages focus on mechanisms seen in energy demand.As a result, our doctoral research questions the energy access gap between urban and rural populations, that remains considerable, even considering households and businesses with potential access to the grid. Tariff schedules are thus the interface between the conditions for producing electricity, the end user and public energy-access policy. This article evaluates the contribution of electricity tariff schedules, a major access instrument, to the continued existence of the energy access gap, and looks at whether this gap is primarily between rural and urban populations. Using a panel set of random effects that are double controlled (1990-2012, 33 countries divided into 4 groups, 17 variables related to residential and commercial consumption, production and willingness to pay), the article shows the systematically regressive effect of tariff schedules on access for both residential and commercial consumption, their failure to provide reduced rates to enable access to the poor, their neglect of households passing the threshold of the first consumption block and their ineffective treatment of energy poverty in urban and rural households. For households with access to a centralised grid, we find that the criterion of location is less important than the economic conditions of the customers served