Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déviance au travail'
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Cardi, Coline. "La déviance des femmes : délinquantes et mauvaises mères : entre prison, justice et travail social." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070058.
Full textUsing sex and gender categories to analyse social control, this study sheds light on women's deviance. In France, very few sociological studies have tackled deviance from the perspective of gender. The fïeld work concerns numerous institutions of social control: women's prisons, juvenile justice (educational and penal enforcement), classical and new structures of social work with families (a maternal center and an association for family therapy). Interviews with professionals and deviant women (semi-directive and biographical interviews), observations of practices and qualitative and quantitative analyses of personal files have contributed to drawing a cartography of women's social control. Such a transversal approach shows that social control is strongly gendered, especially in relation to parapenal institutions which differentiate male and female deviance. Two women's characters corne out: the offender and the bad mother. The offender deviates from the law as well as from the gender roles. The bad mother is specifically gendered. Parapenal institutions that supposedly bring protection and surveillance to lower class women are indeed assigning them a family role. In order to understand women's deviance, social control needs a larger approach which includes penal and parapenal structures as well as informal controls
Dominique, Annabelle. "Etude des processus psychosociaux de disqualification de la déviance : des relations intergroupes aux rapports interpersonnels." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0272/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates psychosocial processes which underlie deviance disqualification, by testing the transposition of processes well known in intergroup relations (essentialization and dehumanization) to interpersonal relations. Two deviances are studied: being voluntarily childfree (study 1: N = 322; & study 2: N = 245) and working in gender atypical occupations (study 3: N = 247). Stereotype endorsement, essentialization and dehumanization are measured by questionnaires. A wide disqualification of people voluntary childlessness is observed, making parenthood compulsory for men and women. Every woman would be “naturally” a mother while fatherhood would be more a result of a “choice”. By contrast, people who work in gender atypical occupations suffer a mixed disqualification, even ambivalent. Beyond these differences, correlational results show great similarities between exogroup‟s and deviant‟s disqualification. Indeed, deviant people are discredited by a (psychologizing and moralizing) stereotype and rejected (regarded as different) through essentialization. The more someone is deviant, the less he is attractive, without actually being fully stigmatized (dehumanized).The stability of the model remains to be tested for other deviances
Dhondt, Cippelletti Linda. "Comportements de déviance et de citoyenneté organisationnelle : déterminants et effets en milieux organisationnels." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100116/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to appraise the constructive deviance according to Galperin (2003). As this construct has in common non prescribed behaviors in organizational environments, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB, Organ, 1988) and destructive workplace deviance (Robinson & Bennett, 1995), we found interesting to study them as well. Then we focused on different attitudinal determinants and perception of workplace situations which could be compared to it, and their hypothetical relationship with the burn out. Recalling different stress models, we examined the Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, 1988), and particularly his salutogenic perspective of health at work. We achieved our review with the study of the perceived value of the OCB and constructive deviance. Our first study (151 workers related to public) explores how job demands (perceived role tensions), resources (feeling of job selfefficacy, perceived autonomy) and professional commitment (organizational affective and occupational) determine organizational citizenship behaviors directed towards individuals and workplace deviance (destructive and constructive), and how the behaviors determine in turn burn out. Through study 2 and 3, we examined the perception of the incidence of OCB and constructive deviance on the appraisal of the managers (study 2, 194 workers), coworkers (study 3, 168 workers) and the effect of the organization on it. The results, limits and perspectives are discussed in each chapter. The key learnings are highlighted in the general discussion
Le, Poultier François. "Processus sociocognitifs, travail social et inadapation sociale." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE29013.
Full textThe doctoral thesis presents and proposes interpretations of results obtained in experimental investigations centred on a kind of social practices : the practices of social work, and articulated with theoretical framework issued of social cognitive psychology. The main concepts of social cognitive psychology were used : categorization, prototypical construction, implicit personality theories, illusory correlation, systematic distortion, attribution, explanation of reinforcements and psychologization. The analysis of these cognitive processes in social workers's practices did not give opposite results to those obtained when the processes are studied in the conception of "man as scientist". But it was shown that the effects are dependant of other factors. Their importance is due to the kind of people' social implications with analyzed informations. The analysis of results shows that there were normativ and ideological effects of cognitive processes in social work. These results reinforce a socio-cognitive conception of "man as ideologic"
Deprez, Guillaume. "Relation entre déviance constructive, comportements proactifs et innovation : analyse des construits et de leurs conséquences." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0581/document.
Full textThe aim of this research was to examine the relation between constructive deviance (Galperin, 2012; Warren, 2003; Vadera, Pratt, & Mishra, 2013), proactivity (Grant & Ashford, 2008; Parker & Collins, 2010) and their role in change and innovation (CI) processes in organizational context (Potočnik & Anderson, 2016). After we examined the deviance and proactive literature related to work and organizational psychology, we focused our attention on the creation of a normative and deviant attitudinal scale (NDAS) to deal with the dynamic aspect of deviance. Then, we explored the nomological network of deviance and treated its relationship with CI related-constructs. We, therefore, proposed the existence of two higher-order factors named constructive dark-side and constructive bright-side. Latterly, we tested for a second time the relation between these second-order factors and common outcomes (affective commitment, well-being, distress, and turnover intent). We used research by questionnaire to test our entire hypothesis on French workers. For this, we used, created and/or translated scales of constructive deviant behaviours (Galperin, 2012), NDAS, innovative work behaviour (Janseen, 2000) or taking charge (Morisson & Phelps, 1998)... We also proceeded, in some cases, with measurements at different times to provide better analysis. In most cases, structural equation modelling analyses were performed. Results and limitations are discussed in each article chapters (chapters 2, 3, & 4). These results help to clarify the nomological network of constructive deviance and its relationship with proactivity in the CI literature. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to follow this path and test it
Poels, Alix. "«Attrape-moi si tu peux» : Consommateurs ordinaires et rôle de la matérialité dans la pérennisation d’une pratique illégale de consommation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0060/document.
Full textHow are some illegal practices sustained? Prior studies have depicted how marginal, illegitimate or illicit practices could be integrated to the market. However, their sustainability is understudied in consumer research.Drawing on Neo Institutional Theory, our main purpose in this research is to understand how ordinary consumers and materiality through institutional work sustain an illegal practice. By examining the case of illegal downloading in France from 2008 to 2013, and a qualitative method, based on interviews and secondary data, we show how artefacts are enabling the illegal practice and shape the consumption of pirated content.Results expose how an illegal practice is institutionalized through materiality. Our main contribution is to bring an understanding on how materiality may destabilize an institutional order. We offer also some managerial implications regarding the legal offer of digitalized contents
Bach-Hamba, Azza. "Interprétation et management des comportements dysfonctionnels dans les équipes de travail : le cas tunisien des entreprises de service." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12008/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to identify dysfunctional behaviors inside teamwork. Il also tries to analyse the cause of their rise within a Tunisian context. Knowing that only few studies on such a theme have been led within this particular context, a qualitative and investigate research has proved to be relevant. In addition to individual, organizational factors, teamwork features, results of fields enquiry (which were led on members and team managers) show that the integration of contextual data related to the societal effect of the country in analyzing dysfunctional behaviors, renders a better understanding of these pejorative acts as well as deeper, more substantial, and more illuminating readings of this phenomenon
Fathallah, Zeina. "Travail moral et construction de réseaux autour de l'avortement : santé et sexualité des femmes au Liban." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0029.
Full textThesis analyses the practice of abortion in Lebanon. We explore how women live this experience and a space of autonomy in a clandestine context. We examine as weIl the experiences of other actors physicians, midwives, pharmacists and allies) mobilized around abortion. We analyze the space of and decision-making of actors in a situation of conflict and the manner of building moral work in situation. This moral work tackles issues of sexuality, parenthood, norms, deviance and networks that build up around this hardship. We demonstrate that abortion is not merely an isolated individual medical act. It is not a private matter but it related to a dense social process that goes beyond various communities and social categories. It is an orderly and regular process in which medical institutions are integrated. There is a thick network centered ultimately on controlling the body of the woman. This network is clandestine and tolerated. It reveals itself when woman encounters the problem
Quenot, Olivier. "Connivence, transgression des règles et efficacité : tensions organisationnelles dans une multinationale." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090004.
Full textOrganizational management has extensively studied organizational misbehaviors and their motivations, which often are initiated by individuals. Examples of collective deviance at work, based on a mutual disagreement on how to conduct a task, are unusual.Following a retrospective participant observation within a multinational department, I questioned this action which could be considered at first as a deviance. However I demonstrate based on fieldwork, that this action is the result of influences of organizational tensions and managerial behaviors.This thesis aims to understand how a group of individuals succeed in organizing a transgressive collective action, and how they conciliate with working requirements, using concepts such as cooperation, connivance and secret
Guetz, Jean-Marie. "Le processus d'évolution des contrats psychologiques et du sens au travail : le cas d'une entreprise agro-alimentaire." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE007.
Full textGlobalization and economic crises, as well as the pressures of competition and customer demands, are forcing companies, in order to survive, to initiate changes and revise their promises and payment prospects, sometimes in a brutal way. Organizational boundaries are disintegrating, atypical or triangular relationships are developing, staffs feel weakened, and values are ?. The ambiguity of these situations initiates the processes of sensemaking. Traditional expectations based on trust, stability and fidelity are shaken up. Job security and long-term internal careers are being replaced by the concepts of employability and flexisecurity. Employees try to understand and to detect what is happening in organizations. « Contract makers » then come a long side to explain and to detail changes in the promises and obligations of the psychological contract between the employee and the organization. When this process fails, it is the « contract influencers » such as unions who give meaning, but is not necessarily the one the management expected... Restructuring plans which include downsizing lead to the increasing number of processes of rupture and violation of the psychological contract and down-grading in the social climate. The process of selling the site and, the lack of long-term prospects create uncertainty and anxiety among employees. Transitional psychological contracts with no guarantee conditions emerge and when this situation persists it is likely to generate hostile and deviant behaviors that can lead to distrust psychological contract.This thesis examines the process of forming and developing the psychological contracts through the prism of sensemaking, employees of a food company in Dijon. An analytical framework based on a contextualist quantitative and qualitative mixed method allows us to follow the process of establishing and developing rupture and reconstruction of psychological contracts, as well as to understand how people concerned in the organization construct reality
Metonou, Félicité Perpétue. "La perception de justice procédurale dans l’évaluation des chercheurs et ses effets sur leurs comportements organisationnels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0138.
Full textEvaluation is the process by which peers analyse and judge a researcher's productivity, impact and performance in work and context. They are diverse and varied, and follow precise criteria: temporality, measurement, and so on. Their results affect, positively or negatively, those being evaluated. And yet, they are evaluated throughout their scientific careers, hence the interest in examining their perception of procedural justice. The aim is to find out whether the individual evaluation of researchers in research organizations complies with the requirements of justice, is fair in terms of its standards, and how this perception affects their behaviour.To this end, three questions are at the heart of the reflection. Firstly, to identify the criteria of procedural justice that researchers use to perceive their evaluation; secondly, to ascertain the effects of the perception of procedural justice on the contextual performance and deviant behaviour of researchers. And finally, it is important to see how affective organizational commitment mediates or moderates the relationship between perceived procedural justice and contextual performance, and the relationship between perceived procedural justice and deviant behaviour.The originality of this study is to target the organizational dimension: organizational justice, interactional justice, and procedural justice. The latter refers to the perception of justice about the rules and procedures put in place in a specific field to determine retribution. It is suitable for the study of the evaluation of researchers, particularly in public scientific and technological establishments (EPST). The aim of this thesis is to find out whether the evaluation of EPST researchers is perceived as fair, in line with the rules of procedural justice; what criteria researchers use to establish this perception; and whether this perception of fair/unfair evaluation affects their organizational behaviours: contextual performance and deviance at work. And finally, to verify whether affective commitment can play a moderating role in mediating these behaviours.The quantitative method is based on a hypothetical-deductive approach, with empirical verification of hypotheses to be confirmed to validate the model. Quantitative research relies on the use of a self-administered questionnaire via the Internet, due to the causal nature of the research objectives and problematic, but also to the existence of tools capable of measuring all the concepts of the model. The data targeted are the components of procedural justice, its impact on contextual performance, behavioural deviance and affective organizational commitment as a moderator or mediator.The target participants are researchers from EPST research institutes with experience in evaluation. The data are associated with a review of the literature in management sciences, to understand and operationalize the variables of the model (procedural justice, contextual performance, deviant behaviours and affective organizational commitment).The results show the criteria of justice used by EPST researchers to perceive justice in the processes of their evaluation, a fair perception of it. Perceived procedural justice has also been shown to positively influence interpersonal and organizational performance and negatively influence deviance at work. Finally, affective engagement has been shown to mediate the relationship between perceived procedural justice and contextual performance. Its moderating role has only been demonstrated between the relationship between perceived procedural justice and organizational performance
Briere, Mathilde. "La déviance positive au service de la survie organisationnelle : analyse d’un concept et de ses déterminants Development of a scale measuring positive deviant behaviors Le rôle dela norme dans la performance individuelle des salariés: perspective de réductions des injonctions para-doxales organisationnelles Analysis of an integrative typologyof positive deviance: Exploratory study with a sample of French employees." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0108.
Full textThe leadership alone could explain more than 40% of the variance of the performance of organizations (Day & Lord, 1988). This statistic highlights the importance to devote to leadership in organizations and explains, in part, the current interest of consulting firms on the themes of leadership. This research - beginning in fall 2016 in partnership between the consulting firm Stimulus and the laboratory LIPHA - reflects this dual economic and scientific news. It aims to test different leadership strategies on the performance of the organization. This research project is based on three components. The first component will aim to achieve a complete overview of the progress of research in the field of positive deviance. The second component will focus on different forms of skilled leadership and positive response to the crisis of traditional management models. Finally, the last component will aim to test these different forms of leadership on the occurrence of deviant behavior positively to achieve exceptional organizational performance
Tilman, Alexandra. "Aux confins du travail industriel, les free parties : réflexion socio-filmique sur une déviances temporaire." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0024.
Full textWhen they appeared in the 1990s at the heart of abandoned production zones, free parties, a new form of industrial counter-culture, assembled young people of all horizons and crossed borders, from England to France and then further in Europe. In the city of Le Havre, a city I specifically focused upon, there are special resonances, as often in the form as in the substance, between the working-class and industrial world and these clandestine parties, organised in total autonomy. It’s in front of the wall of speakers of one of these parties that I would meet Miloo, who would then become the central figure of this socio-filming thesis: one of the young individuals, the sons and daughters of the working-class, living in rural or peripherally urban zones, that found, for awhile, their place in this marginal world that at times comes to fill a void in an existence marked by forms of wandering by those who inhabit these zones. But if this unifying juvenile phenomenon reflects a certain social mixity, this temporary experience does not supplant, once one has passed from childhood into adulthood, the classic socio-professional inequality and divisions. So emerges a problematic tension regarding the question of work, there where the desire to be fulfilled comes up against multiple social obstacles. Faced with this tension, in the film Cadences produced for this thesis, Miloo’s trajectory asks the question of shifting between marginality and delinquency
Rey, Emmanuelle. "Manager les comportements au travail inefficaces : cas des comportements déviants non violents : résultats d'expérimentation." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_rey_e.pdf.
Full textThe organizations come under many pressures leading them to seek an increase in their economic performance so as to survive and thrive in an extremely competitive environment, without sacrificing a social performance which guarantee the satisfaction of their customers and their staff. In this context, the management of inefficient behaviours in the workplace, conform or not to the standards in force within the organization, becomes crucial. Studiing the case of deviant and inefficient non violent behaviours of employees in the workplace, we show that such behaviours strongly handicap the economic and social performance, to the detriment of all stakeholders of the organization as well as its customers. Taking the case of seven different organizations in the service sector, we show that their organizational structures, both physical, technological, equipmental and normative (rules of the game and working procedures) have many defects that prevent them from influencing behaviours in the workplace towards efficiency, explaining in part the adoption of deviant behaviours in the workplace. We show also that managerial practices are not sufficient to maintain the adaptation of organizational structures to the changing environment and ensure compliance. We observed that a combined development of organizational structures and managerial practices allowed to influence behaviours in the workplace towards greater compliance and efficiency. We accordingly noticed an increase in the economic and social performance of the organizations studied
Sardar, Shakir. "Organizational communication and employee’s deviant behavior : exploring underlying mechanisms and contextual factors in the Pakistani manufacturing industry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221212_SARDAR_607baico621z811audm684al_TH.pdf.
Full textCommunication researchers increasingly recognize the need to expand the field of organizational communication. One question is still valid: how does organizational communication impact employees' working attitudes and behavior? In addition to that organizational communication, researchers have neglected the underlying mechanism and contextual factors that might lead to one’s deviant behavior. This dissertation aims to answer these questions with qualitative and quantitative studies of employees working in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan. To do so, we have concluded our research in two parts. First, we interviewed professionals working in manufacturing industries to understand how much communication is essential and affects employees' working behavior. We succeeded in developing a strong ground that organizational communication has three dimensions, i.e., Adequacy of communication, communication channel, and communication relationship, which are responsible for influencing the employee’s working attitude, i.e., commitment and identification with the organization. This relationship can be supported moderately by the supportive work environment culture in the organization. If there is a misbalance in these relationships, it can create a hostile working attitude among employees. In the second stage, to generalize our qualitative findings, we have developed a hypothesized research model to test the relationship between organizational communication and employees’ deviant behavior by mediating the role of organizational commitment and organizational identification. We have also tested the moderating role of a supportive work environment in the relationship between
Selponi, Yohan. "Le gouvernement des conduites juvéniles populaires : prévenir les addictions en milieu scolaire dans un département rural du Sud-Ouest." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH014.
Full textEvery year in France, according to educational laws, prevention initiatives on drugs and alcohol addiction/addiction behavior should be organized in every school. We study the social conditions of the implementation of such interventions in rural department of southern France. How do the production conditions of prevention policies influence the social space of drug consumers local care? How do the investments of agents in preventive actions legitimate their ordinary work? How do public actors build the professional legitimacy of these workers? How the implementation of a public policy as the prevention of addictions at school, contributes to the institutional order it is inscribed in? On one hand, prevention of addictions is based on a gendered division of the ways populations called at risk's are controlled: on one side, activities socially drawn as feminine (prevention, listening and care); on the other side's masculine's ones (repression, discipline and work). Agents who intervene at school belong to different spaces (artistic field, medical field and penal field) in which prevention is symbolically devalued. On the contrary, at school, they can enhance their position. On the other hand, by their reappropiations of school space, the staging of students's bodies and their use of a real talk's, agents of prevention try to distinguish themselves from the way they think students perceive them and the school system. The combination of these attempts of distinction and the need to "hold" students, make easier boys's involvements during these interventions
Bureau, Julien. "Prédire la déviance au travail : les rôles de l’autonomie et du leadership transformationnel." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18487.
Full textDaher, Bernadette. "L'influence qu'exercent la satisfaction à l'égard du travail et la satisfaction à l'égard des collègues sur les comportements déviants au travail." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3921/1/M12022.pdf.
Full textLacasse, Shirley. "Le travail des danseuses nues : au-delà du stigmate, une relation de service marchand." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14847.
Full textGoudet, Anna. "Le drame social du travail d'escorte indépendante à Montréal." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11320.
Full textThis master’s thesis aims to recount the careers of Montreal independent escorts and the tensions they encountered to expose the complexity of the "social drama" of this occupation. Our results show how the profession of escort presents numerous similarities with other professions while having a particular position on a stigmatizing social matrix and being characterised by an intimate relation of service that confers it its peculiarity. The question: "how do we begin and pursue the escorting occupation despite its propensity for stigmatization?" as a starting point, we carried out a field survey with independent escorts. Seven in-depth interviews were conducted and their computerized professional environment was observed. We decided to stay away from the current scientific and militant debate on sex work. Our theoretical frame is a fine balance between the sociologies of the professions, deviance and stigma, in an interactionist perspective. We report our results in four acts to pursue the theatrical metaphor brought by Hughes. The acts retrace the stages of the escorting career and emphasize on their intrinsic complexity. The escorts are caught in an ambivalence between an effort of professionalization of their occupation and an attempt to stay in the norm by distance themselves from this practice. This ambivalence is caused by the stigmatization that characterizes the social matrix where the escorts evolve and by the intimacy of their professional relationship. It contributes to a certain extent to the continued stigmatization of their own occupation.
Duguay, Guillaume. "Les comportements anti-organisationnels au travail : exploration de l’interaction entre la personnalité et l’environnement organisationnel perçu." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19049.
Full textLa déviance organisationnelle ou encore les comportements contre-productifs au travail sont un sujet d’intérêt important pour les chercheurs en psychologie du travail. Que ce soit sur le plan individuel, organisationnel ou plus globalement sur toute l’économie, les impacts de ces comportements destructeurs suscitent l’intérêt des chercheurs en psychologie du travail et des organisations. De façon plus spécifique, la présente thèse s’intéresse aux comportements volontaires des membres d’une organisation et qui ont des conséquences négatives pour celle-ci (ci-après CAOT ou comportements anti-organisationnels au travail). Ainsi, nous mettrons l’accent sur les gestes qui portent une atteinte directe à l’organisation plutôt qu’à ses membres ou à ses clients. Les recherches précédentes ayant identifié des antécédents individuels, dont certains facteurs de personnalité, ainsi que différents antécédents liés à l’environnement organisationnel, la présente thèse vise à enrichir les connaissances dans le domaine en explorant certaines interactions entre ces variables. En d’autres mots, nous tenterons de déterminer si au-delà des prédispositions individuelles susceptibles d’accroître le risque de commettre des CAOT, la personnalité n’agirait pas comme un modérateur sur le lien entre différentes variables organisationnelles qui ont été identifiées comme de potentiels déclencheurs de CAOT. Le premier article de la thèse propose un modèle théorique intégrant différents mécanismes explicatifs des CAOT. Il identifie comme antécédents directs des CAOT les dimensions de personnalité amabilité et conscience ainsi que la justice organisationnelle, les normes perçues envers les CAOT et les mécanismes de contrôle et opportunités. Par ailleurs, trois interactions entre les dimensions de personnalité et différents antécédents organisationnels sont également suggérées en lien avec la documentation scientifique répertoriée. Le deuxième article consiste en la traduction, l’adaptation et la validation d’un instrument de mesure des CAOT. Une structure factorielle en quatre dimensions est identifiée suite à une analyse factorielle exploratoire. Une comparaison des dimensions retrouvées dans la mesure traduite et adaptée par rapport à la mesure originale ainsi que les implications pratiques de l’instrument mis à la disposition des chercheurs et des organisations sont discutées. Le troisième article vise principalement à vérifier les hypothèses des liens directs ainsi que des interactions qui ont été proposées dans le modèle théorique du premier article. Les liens directs entre la justice organisationnelle et la dimension de personnalité conscience avec les CAOT, pourtant largement supportés dans la littérature scientifique antérieure, ne sont pas confirmés, alors que les liens entre la dimension de personnalité amabilité, les normes perçues quant aux CAOT et les mécanismes de contrôle et opportunités avec les CAOT sont supportés. Aucune interaction significative n’a également pu être confirmée entre la personnalité et des variables organisationnelles. En somme, cette thèse met de l’avant un modèle théorique intégrant différents antécédents des CAOT qui agissent de façon additive pour expliquer une plus large portion de variance qu’un seul antécédent ne pourrait expliquer. Les différents mécanismes pouvant déclencher la manifestation des CAOT qui sont mis en lumière soulignent la complexité du phénomène. La présente thèse en appelle à poursuivre les recherches en gardant à l’esprit que les CAOT ne sont pas seulement le propre de certains individus, de certaines dynamiques de groupe ou de contextes organisationnels, mais d’une composition de tous ces facteurs.
Organizational deviance or counterproductive work behaviors are a subject of interest for work and organization psychologists. On the individual, organizational or economical levels, the impacts of these potentially destructive behaviors call the researchers to investigate. Specifically, this dissertation will address voluntary behaviors committed by organizational members that negatively impact the organization (hereafter AOWB for anti-organizational work behaviors). Henceforth, the focus is put on behaviors that directly target the organization rather than the behaviors that target its members or clients. Previous studies having identified individual predictors of AOWB, like personality factors, and work environment factors, this dissertation aims to further investigate the domain by exploring possible moderating relations between those variables. As such, we will examine the possibility that some individual dispositions can not only enhance the risk that an individual commit those behaviors, but that personality could act as a moderator on the relationship between different organizational variable that have been identified as triggers for AOWB. The first article of this dissertation propose a theoretical model integrating different mechanisms explaining AOWB. Agreeableness and conscientiousness personality factors are identified as individual predictors of AOWB. Organizational justice, perceived group norms regarding AOWB and control mechanism and opportunities are identified as organizational predictors of AOWB. Moreover, three interactions between personality dimensions and different organizational predictors are also suggested based on the review of the scientific documentation. The second article presents the translation, adaptation and validation of an instrument measuring the AOWB. A four dimensions’ structure is found following an exploratory factorial analysis. Comparison of the dimensions found in the translated and adapted measure with the original instrument are discussed. Practical implications regarding the instrument for researchers and organizations are also discussed. The main objective of third article is to test the direct relationships and moderating effects hypotheses presented in the theoretical model of the first article. Direct relationships between organizational justice and conscientiousness predicting AOWB were not supported event though the benefited from a large support from the previous scientific literature. Direct relationships between agreeableness, perceived group norms regarding AOWB, control mechanisms and opportunities as predictors of AOWB were supported. No moderating effect between personality and organizational variables could have been confirmed. Finally, this dissertation proposes a theoretical model integrating different predictors of AOWB that act in complementarity to explain a larger portion of variance that any single predictor could explain. The presented multiple mechanisms that can trigger AOWB underline the complexity of the phenomenon. This results of this dissertation invite the researchers to pursue the investigation while keeping in mind that AOWB can not be explained by individuals, work group dynamics or organizational contexts separately, but by a composition of those variables.
MacDonald, Sue-Ann. ""Staying Alive" while "Living the Life" : conceptualizations of risk among homeless youth." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4276.
Full textAbstract The goal of this dissertation is to understand conceptualizations of risk among homeless youth. In particular, it strived to examine an identified "at-risk" group's understanding of risk. Risk in this study encompassed all notions of risk, and was not limited to a narrow definition of perceived harm, but also embraced references of opportunities or chances taken. In this light, this study employed an ethnographic approach to better understand the worlds of homeless youth, relying on participant observation and informal interviewing methods. This ontological approach hoped to capture how youth conceptualize their personal power in estimating, managing, and avoiding or embracing risk. Coupling social constructionism with symbolic interactionism, this study explored participant's understandings of risk in the contexts in which they found and understood themselves. Participant's evolving identities greatly impacted their perceptions of risk and subsequently, their management strategies. Utilizing a longitudinal perspective (one to two years) and building relationships with participants allowed for an unfolding of their unique frames of reference and their local knowledges. One of the goals of this study was to disembody grand socio-cultural theories of risk, such as: the risk society, cultural/symbolic, and governmentality approaches, to uncover their cogency for an identified "at-risk" group. Exploring the phenomenological meanings of participant's individual experiences of risk in an identified risk-laden group revealed the heterogeneity of their experiences and understandings. Indeed, this dissertation argues that a sociology of risk has largely subsumed a sociology of victimization and deviance in regards to homeless youth. A sociology of risk has supplanted these earlier underpinnings and rests on this binary of victimization and deviancy to push for intervention and regulation (i.e. normalization) and endorses a "safety at all cost" approach, ignoring the wide array of youth's experiences. However, the insidious risk discourses that are so pervasive in the literature on homeless youth are not deconstructed for the meanings that are imbued, and are presented in a de-contextualized, rational, apolitical fashion; presented in a manner that seems indisputable, as they are nestled in expert logic. This study attempted to re-contextualize conceptualizations of risk by deconstructing such meanings and giving voice to the complexity of youth's experiences that are too frequently portrayed as homogenously victimizing or deviant. Keywords: homeless youth, street youth, risk, at-risk, victimization, deviance, identity.
Bourgeois, Jacynthe. "La perception des conséquences du décrochage scolaire du point de vue des jeunes." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18670.
Full textIn Quebec, between 2002-2003 and 2012-2013, the rate of teenagers leaving high school without the full completion of the general program has dropped by 6.9 points. Presenting itself to be 22.2% a decade ago, it stood at 15.3% in 2012-2013 (MÉLS, 2014). Despite a considerable decrease in the annual dropout rate, this phenomenon remains an important preoccupation in education because of its numerous consequences for the teenager and society (MÉES, 2015). Studies on this matter have identified consequences on several levels, being economical (less active in society’s production), sanitary (more frequent development of physical and mental health problems) and social (poor social adaptation and deviance) (Blaya, 2010; Janosz, 2000). The phenomenon of early school leaving is also studied as a transgression of social norms. Wether it’s studies on the typological description of at risk youth, the risk factors of dropping out or the institutionalized speech on the matter, from this point of view, dropping out is analysed as an inacceptable response to social conventions (Bernard, 2011). Therefore, the teenager who quits school prematurely is automatically considered a deviant since his actions have disobeyed social norms. Many studies on the consequences of this phenomenon as well as it’s statistical data are present in the literature, but unfortunately, the point of view of teenagers labeled as dropouts is not brought forward. In light of this observation, this thesis solicited the participation of teenagers who left high school prematurely to offer them the space to describe their experience. Based on symbolic interactionism, this thesis tries to understand the experience of dropping out according to the teenager’s point of view. In an individual interview using a life narrative method, eight teenagers were invited to deliver their perception on the dropout label which they were attributed and the consequences that resulted. The analysis of the participant’s narratives highlight the numerous adversities they went through during their school years and the individualized needs that resulted. Their narratives show the severe inadequate response by the school institution to their individual needs as a trigger to their premature leave. Living through frequent unbearable situations due to this inadequate response pushed them to be excluded from the school system and to reject school. Unfortunately, the participant's needs were not part of the school’s fixed objectives leaving them to lose hope in finding a sense to their schooling. The participants of this study now realise the consequences they have lived and live to this day since they quit school. They present shortcomings in their knowledge, an accumulated lack of motivation, poor self-esteem, situations of stigmatisation and marginalisation, difficulties integrating socially and professionally and finally, they have developed a lack of confidence in what their future holds.
Lemay, Flavie. "Quelles représentations sociales de la délinquance sexuelle chez les utilisateurs de réseaux sociaux numériques? : une étude exploratoire." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25155.
Full textThe phenomenon of sexual offending has generated strong emotions and reactions among the population. Long lasting interest, curiosity, but especially social reactions, keep the subject popular on the social, political and media scenes. The legal and political measures adopted to manage this phenomenon have evolved according to these reactions, or rather, according to the social representations inspiring these reactions. Indeed, it has been shown that the public and activist movements had a great influence in the adoption of these measures. In addition, the rise in popularity of digital social networks (DSN) has offered a new environment in which these groups can exchange, debate, recruit and mobilize. Thereby, given the influence of the discourse of those groups on the adoption of measures to manage the phenomenon and given the growing popularity of DSN as a place of exchange on common interests, we found it relevant to look at the social representations carried by their users. Thus, the main objective of this master’s thesis is to describe the social representations of sexual offending carried by the users of a specific Facebook page. To do this, we performed a thematic content analysis of the comments and interactions between users, according to Moscovici’s social representation theory and its three components : information, representational field and attitudes. Overall, 821 comments, coming from 14 publications, were analyzed. The results show that sexual offending is a phenomenon that generates a lot of reactions and negative attitudes. The representations of the latter would also be organized under three dimensions : its cause and durability factors, its manifestations (acts, perpetrators and victims), as well as the responses to it. The results of this research open the door to new thoughts on the place and influence of attitudes in the social representation theory.
Fortin, Patrick. "L'influence qu'exercent les formes d'équités liées à la rémunération sur les comportements déviants au travail." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2203/1/M10878.pdf.
Full textCouvy, Chloé. "Chiennes de vies : la relation anthropozoologique, un angle mort de l'intervention en itinérance?" Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22768.
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