Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dévonien'
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Riquier, Laurent. "Perturbations des environnements marins, à la limite Frasnien-Famennien (Devonien Terminal) : apport de la géochimie inorganique et du magnétisme des roches." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f1c218ee-6fde-4031-8185-25754832f1cb.
Full textCe phénomène d'altération a vraisemblablement été favorisé par un climat particulièrement chaud et humide. Durant l'épisode de dépôt de l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur, l'appauvrissement en oxygène résulterait de la stratification des eaux dans les environnements profonds, due à une diminution de la circulation océanique, causée par un confinement plus important des bassins. Cette stratification a été accrue durant la période de haut niveau marin associée à l'horizon Kelhvasser supérieur. Les eaux anoxiques ont pu se répandre dans les environnements de plates-formes à la faveur de la montée eustatique. La mise en place de conditions anoxiques, voire localement euxiniques, a favorisé la diffusion des nutriments libérés par la reminéralisation de la matière organique. Ces nutriments ont pu rejoindre épisodiquement les eaux de surface, à la faveur d'interruptions temporaires de la stratification des eaux, et ainsi intensifier la productivité primaire. Il est proposé que cette période de stockage accrue de carbone organique dans les sédiments ait fortement perturbé le cycle du carbone à long terme, conduisant, au final, à une chute notable de la pression de CO2 atmosphérique et au refroidissement du climat à la base du Famennien. Ainsi, ces travaux suggèrent que la formation des horizons Kellwasser résulte de la conjonction de divers' phénomènes, comprenant la tectonique s. L. ,l'évolution des végétaux, la physiographie des océans, la productivité marine, le tout en interactions directes et indirectes avec le climat
Bignon, Arnaud. "Évolution morphologique et associative des trilobites sous contrainte environnementale, au Dévonien moyen et supérieur, en Ardenne occidentale (bord sud du Synclinorium de Dinant)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10107.
Full textThe study of trilobites of Middle and Upper Devonian from Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais contributes in multiple ways to the improvement of our understanding of the Life and Earth’s history of this period. Their biodiversity has been explored from multivariate statistical analyses. A gradually organisation of the structure of their communities has been evidenced. Indeed, in the same reefal platform context, only one association is presented in whole Givetian environments, whereas two associations have been identified at the Frasnian, the one confined to reefal build-ups and the other to perireefal facies. An analysis of Givetian megaguilds underlines the particularity of reefal environments compared to the other ones of the platform. Developmental description of three Dechenella species, through a geometric morphometry analysis, allows us to identify several evolutionary changes of ontogeny on cephala and pygidia. This work illustrates the complexity and the importance of ontogenetic changes in new morphology production. Phylogenetic study of Asteropyginae allow us to propose a new vision of their evolutive history. Traditionally splitted in two separate clades, the cladistic analysis of this subfamily shows a more progressive evolution in one clade. Moreover, a new origin has been suggested through the genus Destombesina. From these results, pygidial and cephalic patterns, at the base of the systematic of this group, have been redefined
Zapalski, Mikołaj K. "Tabulata (Anthozoa) from the Devonian of the southern region of the Holy Cross Mts. (Poland)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10027.
Full textGivetian and Frasnian tabulate corals from the southem region of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) consist of 52 species (Favositida: 40 species, Syringoporida: 6 species, and Auloporida: 6 species). Two genera [Lefeldolites gen. n. (Favositida) and Sapounofouskilites gen. n. (Syringoporida)], and five species are new (Striatopora sc~uricauda sp. n., ? Lefeldolites obtortiformis sp. n., Crassialveolites oliveri sp. n., Roseoporella kesickii sp. n., and Aulopora slosarskii sp. n.). Study of the intracolonial variation in tabulates shows that minimal and maximal lumen diameters and pore diameter are the most useful in the taxonomy of Alveolitidae and Coenitidae, while the double wall thickness and tabulae spacing are less usefuI. Moreover, alveolitids and coenitids show overall higher intracolonial variation than, for example, heliolitids. Study of growth dynamics in neighbouring corallites, performed on three species of the genus Alveolites, shO\ that the growth dynamics were diferent in each individual in the same colony. This contradicts the situation known from representatives of favositids. Study oftabulate endobionts (?Chaetosalpinx plusquelleci sp. n., Helicosalpinx cf. asturiana Oekentorp and H sp) shows that these were rather parasites oftabulate corals than their c0Ill!Densals. Analysis of the palaeobiogeographical relations of the tabulate faunas from the Givetian and Frasnian of the discussed region show that these faunas were most similar to coeval faunas known from the Ardennes. Both Givetian and Frasnian tabulate faunas from the region under study are dominated by alveolitids; such a situation is different from tabulate fauna of the Ardennes, where the Givetian assemblage is dominated by pachyporids
Serobyan, Vahram. "Upper Devonian brachiopods and sedimentary sequences from Armenia : biodiversity, stratigraphy and paleobiogeography." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR033.
Full textThe Upper Devonian carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary sequences and brachiopods from three distinct sections (Ertych, Djravank and Noravank) of Central Armenia are here examined. Paleoenvironmental interpretation is performed based on bio- and lithofacies to reconstruct the depositional environments in which the sedimentary sequences were accumulated. Moreover, the studied sections are correlated lithostratigraphically, as well as biostratigraphically by focusing on their brachiopod assemblages. Twenty-six brachiopod species are described on the basis of recently collected material from the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F) succession. Four new brachiopod genera (Aramazdospirifer, Angustisulcispirifer, Pentagonospirifer and Tornatospirifer) and five new species (Crinisarina pseudoglobularis, Cyrtospirifer pseudoasiaticus, Pseudocyrtiopsis areniensis, Pentagonaspirifer abrahamyanae and Angustisulcispirifer arakelyani) are introduced. All brachiopod species are examined according to modern taxonomic concepts and illustrated both externally and internally, with the exception of some rare species. The intraspecific morphological variability of the described species is documented quantitatively. The previously suggested biostratigraphic scheme for brachiopods of the F–F interval of the Lesser Caucasus (Armenia and Nakhichevan) is revised. More particularly, the Ripidiorhynchus gnishikensis–Angustisulcispirifer arakelyani brachiopod zone, of Frasnian age, characterizes the peloidal grainstones of the Interval 1 that accumulated as a highstand system tract, while the Lower Famennian Aramazdospirifer orbelianus–Tornatospirifer armenicus Zone is found in the packstones/grainstones of the Interval 4, which was deposited during a transgressive event. The present study also documents the diversity of brachiopods reported from the Frasnian–lower Famennian sequences of the Lesser Caucasus (Armenia and Nakhichevan); the synthesis of all previous and current data suggests that a major change in diversity took place amongst rhynchonellides, atrypides and spiriferides. From a paleobiogeographic viewpoint, the studied fauna clearly shares affinities with contemporaneous brachiopods known from other parts of the north-Gondwanan margin, especially from those areas that extend eastwards of the South Armenian Block (SAB) into Afghanistan and Pamir, although there are also many endemic elements. Finally, the paleobiogeographic significance of the four newly defined genera is discussed, including the re-assignment to them of several other Famennian species known previously from Nakhichevan, Pamir (Tajikistan), Central Kazakhstan and the East European Platform
Bignon, Arnaud. "Évolution morphologique et associative des trilobites sous contrainte environnementale, au Dévonien moyen et supérieur, en Ardenne occidentale (bord sud du Synclinorium de Dinant)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10107/document.
Full textThe study of trilobites of Middle and Upper Devonian from Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais contributes in multiple ways to the improvement of our understanding of the Life and Earth’s history of this period. Their biodiversity has been explored from multivariate statistical analyses. A gradually organisation of the structure of their communities has been evidenced. Indeed, in the same reefal platform context, only one association is presented in whole Givetian environments, whereas two associations have been identified at the Frasnian, the one confined to reefal build-ups and the other to perireefal facies. An analysis of Givetian megaguilds underlines the particularity of reefal environments compared to the other ones of the platform. Developmental description of three Dechenella species, through a geometric morphometry analysis, allows us to identify several evolutionary changes of ontogeny on cephala and pygidia. This work illustrates the complexity and the importance of ontogenetic changes in new morphology production. Phylogenetic study of Asteropyginae allow us to propose a new vision of their evolutive history. Traditionally splitted in two separate clades, the cladistic analysis of this subfamily shows a more progressive evolution in one clade. Moreover, a new origin has been suggested through the genus Destombesina. From these results, pygidial and cephalic patterns, at the base of the systematic of this group, have been redefined
Devleeschouwer, Xavier. "La transition Frasnien-Famennien (Dévonien Supérieur) en Europe : sédimentologie, stratigraphie séquentielle et susceptibilité magnétique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211873.
Full textGoedert, Jean. "Écologie des premiers tétrapodes dévoilée par la composition isotopique du soufre (34S/32S) de leurs squelettes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1337.
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Guillam, Elvis. "Les deux crises biologiques de la fin du Dévonien : les ostracodes marqueurs des variations paléoenvironnementales et des relations paléobiogéographiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS157.pdf.
Full textOver geological time, life has greatly increased in complexity and has undergone many important variations in biodiversity. Among the declines occurring during the Phanerozoic (541.0 ± 1.0 Ma to present), five major crises are considered as major. One of them, called the Kellwasser event, marks the Frasnian-Famennian boundary (-372 ± 1.6 Ma). It is followed at the Devonian-Carboniferous transition by a second first-order event, called Hangenberg event. These anoxic events have been triggered by important climatic changes and the associated eustatic variations characterizing the Late Devonian. Ostracods, essentially benthic microcrustaceans, are known for their continuous fossil record through all extinction events as well as for their adaptive capacities and are good markers of environmental changes. They are thus excellent tools for understanding biodiversity declines during biological crises and the recovery of ecosystems after these declines. The important taxonomic work realized on the material from the Blue Snake section (Guizhou, South China) allowed to quantify precisely and for the first time the diversity variations among ostracods related to the Hangenberg event and to characterize the paleoenvironment and its variations at the Devonian-Carboniferous transition. In this section, the specific extinction rate is estimated at 44%. Over this interval, the paleoenvironment corresponded to a continental shelf that underwent transgression, with the transition from a nearshore shallow environment in the Famennian to a deeper and more open offshore environment in the Tournaisian. The revisions realized during this thesis also allowed to quantify the impact of both Kellwasser and Hangenberg events on ostracods. These crustaceans were greatly affected at low taxonomic levels (species and genera) by both events with specific extinction rates estimated at 80% for the Kellwasser event and 69% for the Hangenberg event. The supra-generic levels were only slightly affected. These events affected the diversity of these crustaceans in various paleoenvironments (nearshore and outer-shelf and bathyal environments) and in numerous geographic areas, demonstrating the global character of these extinctions. The recovery of ostracod faunas following these events was certainly influenced by variations in environmental and climatic parameters. It is mainly characterized by the diversification of cosmopolitan taxa, notably within the Bairdiidae and Bairdiocyprididae. The Paraparchitidae also diversified during the Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous). The palaeobiogeographic distribution of ostracods over the Frasnian-Tournaisian interval suggests that four main factors influence their repartition. Climate, especially temperature, seems to have influenced the palaeobiogeographic distribution of ostracods, with the identified communities roughly following the latitudinal distribution of climates. Oceanic circulation could explain the affinities observed between faunas from relatively distant palaeogeographical areas. The sea level and its variations as well as the tectonic plates dynamic had mainly influenced the global connectivity between the faunas from the different palaeogeographical areas on a global scale
Mahboubi, Abdessamed. "Microfaunes (conodontes, foraminifères) et environnements au Dévonien supérieur du Sahara algérien nord-occidental." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS276.
Full textA study of the conodont faunas from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) has been realised in two sections located on the Algerian Sahara platform: south Mahrouma (Ougarta basin) and Ben Zireg (Bechar Basin). At Mahrouma, the Frasnian seems to be complete, but the lower Frasnian is absent in Ben Zireg. The boundary between the Frasnian and the Famennian has been precisely located.The correlations between the two sections show a strong condensation of deposits during the middle Frasnian in Ben Zireg, whereas thick series of argilites and carbonates accumulated in the Ougarta basin. During the Upper Frasnian a change in dynamic basin structure is observed when accumulation rates become homogeneous in the two areas.In order to reconstitute Frasnian depositional environments, a multidisciplinary study based on sedimentology of the facies, magnetic susceptibility, conodont biofacies and morphogroup analysis of agglutinated foraminifera has been undertaken. The combination of these tools indicates that during the Frasnian, the algerian platform took part of a slightly inclined outer carbonated ramp domain. The proximal areas were essentially dominated by pelagic communities, the distal areas being dominated by muddy and nodular facies with rare faunas. The major part of the deposits was located under or at the limit of tempest wave action.The Mahrouma section represents a reference for investigations on Frasnian anoxic deposits. Some of its levels could have been related to global anoxic events such as the Middlesex and the Rhinestreet that are dated Middle Frasnian, as well as the Upper Kellwasser at the top of the Frasnian. In the Ben Zireg section, only the facies related to both the Lower and Upper Kellwasser events were identified.The temporal evolution of these different proxies allows in addition to propose a sea-level curve for the northern part of Gondwana. In the long term, the Frasnian is characterized by a transgressive trend interrupted by intermittent minor regressive trends. The end of the Frasnian is marked by a major regression during the Upper Kellwasser event, just before the Lower Famennian transgression
Bault, Valentin. "Evolution de la biodiversité des trilobites du Dévonien d’Afrique du Nord : richesse taxonomique, disparité morphologique et impact de l’environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2021/2021LILUR044.pdf.
Full textThe effect of environmental changes on current biodiversity is a major concern. Understanding the impact of these changes on past biodiversity is one of the keys to interpret current and future upheavals. The trilobites have undergone many changes favourable to their diversification as well as many crises leading them close to extinction. Their fossils abound in North Africa, which make it an ideal region to study them. The objective of this thesis was to estimate the variations in the biodiversity of trilobites in this region and to identify their origins and consequences from databases compiling all the occurrences of the literature. The first aspect of biodiversity studied was the taxonomic richness. Using different diversity indices, we assessed the major global trends and then regional variations. While generic diversity was low at the beginning of the Devonian, a subsequent regression led to an important diversification, observable at a global scale: the Pragian diversification. Trilobites reached their peak of diversity in the Emsian, but subsequently a succession of abrupt sea level changes associated with anoxia events severely affected them. Between the Eifelian and the Givetian, trilobites have lost more than 90% of their generic diversity. Generic diversity still decreased in the Frasnien and two orders disappeared. After the Kellwasser mass extinction at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary, a slight recovery occurred involving only the Proetida and Phacopida orders. The second aspect was to study the morphological disparity by using landmarks. This study of morphological variability showed the same trends as that of diversity with a significant number of innovations in the Lower Devonian. Among the novelties, there was the development of spiness. While the first biotic events only led to a slight loss of morphology, most forms disappeared in the Givetian. The most affected shapes are those that appeared in the Pragian and Emsian, while the forms inherited from the Silurian persisted throughout the Devonian. The versatility of these forms toward environmental or lifestyle changes helped them to survive, as the orders characterized by these morphologies were thus able to withstand various ecological crises. The Frasnien-Famennien transition marked the development of reduced vision trilobites in response to environmental events. The diversity and disparity of North African trilobites are therefore relatively coupled. Particular attention was given to phacopids, an emblematic Devonian family which reached its peak there before disappearing at the end of the period. Geographic variations also played an important role in the biodiversity of trilobites with important faunal exchanges that characterized the homogeneous environments of the Early Devonian. Conversely, the geographic disparities and tectonic events of the Middle and Late Devonian prevented migration and wildlife exchanges and accelerated the decline of trilobites. In conclusion, this regional study showed that environmental changes had significant effects on biodiversity but that these effects could be positive or negative. The same type of change can lead to different consequences in terms of diversity and disparity because several phenomena occurred at the same time and it is essential to estimate their combined effect
Capel, Eliott. "La grande révolution terrestre du Silurien-Dévonien : diversité et évolution des premières plantes terrestres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR059.pdf.
Full textPlants underwent an extensive Silurian-Devonian diversification during their progressive colonization of terrestrial surfaces (440-360 Ma). Nonetheless, the tempo and mode of this radiation remains controversial, and drivers of diversity have yet to be clearly identified. This thesis, through a series of newly-compiled datasets of plant macrofossils, and via a wide array of quantitative methods, characterizes temporal and spatial dynamics. It further evaluates the biases that may alter our perception of this landmark event. Firstly, a four-factor model was found adequate to describe the underlying structure of early vegetation dynamics. The pattern suggests ecological shifts during transitions phases, further corroborated through an in-depth characterization of global plant diversity patterns. Nevertheless, the general pattern of Silurian-Devonian plant diversity was found to heavily depend on sampling effort, although several signals of diversification and extinction seemed to be dissociated from it, implying real underlying biological signals. A subsequent continental-scale study further demonstrated that, in addition to sampling heterogeneity, geological incompleteness remained an important element in driving apparent early land plant diversity patterns. This bias is not easily corrected even with the most advanced sampling-standardization methods. Furthermore, paleogeographical discrepancies were assessed to uncover a possible spatial component into early land plant radiation. This led to the discovery of a climatologically-driven plant distribution and dispersion, further enhanced during colder periods. Lastly, this thesis includes a review of an Early Devonian plant fossil assemblage from northern France, providing taxonomically up to date and well-dated occurrences to integrate in future studies
Strullu-Derrien, Marie-Christine. "Recherches sur la colonisation du milieu terrestre par les plantes au cours du Dévonien inférieur et sur les interactions plantes/micro-organismes durant les périodes Dévonien-Carbonifère." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0033.
Full textColonization of the land by plants was one of the major events in the history of life on earth. The early land plants played a key role in the ecology of early terrestrial ecosystems, in the formation and stability of soil as well as in biogeochimical cycling of elements. It is well known that the earliest plants were intimately associated with fungi. Today, these symbiotic relationships are called mycorrhizas, and they are present in more than 90% of living plants. Fungi-like micro-organisms/plant associations of the modern type were also established in early terrestrial environments. Evidence from cryptospores (spore-like fossils) and cuticule-like fragments indicates that land plants had evolved by the middle of the Ordovician period (ca 470Ma). Plant megafossils (body fossils) appeared in the late Silurian period (ca 420Ma). The diversification that began at that time accelerated during the Devonian period (ca 360-416Ma), which was an extraordinary period for the evolution of plants. Lower Devonian plant bearing deposits are relatively rare in the world and especially in the Gondwana/péri-Gondwana domain. The first part of this work focuses on new early fossil plants found in one of these deposits that is located in the Anjou area (Armorican massif, west of France). The second part concerns the interactions between fungi/fungi-like micro-organisms and plants. The observation of such interactions requires particularly well preserved material that consists of petrifactions occuring in cherts and coal balls (carbonate concretions). We reinvestigated original slides collections prepared towards the end of the 19th and the 20th centuries and now housed in museums and university collections in France, England and Sweden. All the current fungal and fungal-like groups are completely represented by the end of the Carboniferous period. This was the rational for choosing the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. This work has resulted in the discovery and documentation of a new plant from the lower Devonian that shows a significant innovation concerning the evolution of the xylem. Research on early fossil fungi demonstrates that characteristic trophic relationships - symbiotic and parasitic - between plants and fungi/funti-like micro-organisms already existed in upper Carboniferous times
Khan, Fazli Rabbi. "Les conodontes des calcaires griottes du dévonien supérieur de la Montagne Noire (Inventaire, biostratigraphie et paléoenvironnements)." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO19001.
Full textMistiaen, Bruno. "Les phénomènes récifaux et leur environnement dans le dévonien d'Afghanistan (Montagnes Centrales)." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10144.
Full textGourvennec, Rémy. "Brachiopodes spiriferida du dévonien inferieur du massif armoricain : systématique, paléobiologie, évolution, biostratigraphie." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2033.
Full textRandon, Carine. "Conodontes du Dévonien supérieur - Carbonifère inférieur (Thaïlande, Europe) - paléontologie et implications géologiques." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_180.pdf.
Full textBaudu, Valérie. "Les palynomorphes, marqueurs de paléoenvironnement et indicateurs de variations eustatiques dans le Dévonien inférieur armoricain (France)." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10112.
Full textMezlah, Houria. "Les Mud-mounds du Devonien moyen du bassin de l'Ahnet et ses régions limitrophes (sud-ouest algérien) : sédimentologie – diagenèse." Paris, ENMP, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002484.
Full textThe mud-mounds with stromatactis of Givetian, occupy the western margin of the basin of Ahnet (Algeria). These monticules seem equivalent to potential tanks analyzed in sub-surface. These monticules are presented under two types of morphology which follow alignments of preferential directions, NS and NW-SE. The mud-mounds, several tens of meters thickness, are mainly made up by a heart of boundstone with stromatactis and laterally by sides made up of packstones with encrinites. The construction of the mud-mounds, of which the duration is estimated at two million years, falls under the varcus zone (lower Givetian). The principal factors of construction are initially the framework morphostructural basin and its tectonic evolution. The position of the mud-mounds on the east sides and soft anticlines is a direct consequence of the structuring imposed by the precambrian faults N-S and the intragivetian faults (N60° and N110°). The origin and the development of the mud-mounds of Ahnet are governed by the fluctuations of the sea level and they develop in external ramp which his orientation is N-S. These mud-mounds shows a good porosity (30 %) which during the hiding, is gradually filled. Secondary porosities are associated processes of fracturing, dolomitization and dissolution
Ben, Rahuma Milad M. "Stratigraphic architecture of the Devonian sedimentary successions in Western Libya." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S225.
Full textLes plate-formes cratoniques, larges et peu profondes, furent le lieu, au Dévonien, de la première colonisation des aires continentales par les faunes et les flores. Ces événements sont bien enregistrés à l’ouest de la Libye dans les sédiments déposés le long de l’arche cratonique de Gargaf qui sépare les bassins de Ghadames et de Murzuk. Cette étude décrit les lithologies, la diagenèse, les surfaces-clés, l’empilement des séquences de dépôts de ces sédiments à l’affleurement et en subsurface dans le bassin de Ghadames. La distribution régionale des sédiments est comparée aux bassins environnants et à l’enregistrement mondial pour discuter le rôle des contrôles tectoniques locaux et régionaux sur l’évolution des paléopaysages et des paléosurfaces continentales. Ces résultats fournissent des indications clés et sur le fonctionnement des larges plate-formes cratoniques et leurs conséquences sur la localisation et l’origine des roches mères et des réservoirs pétroliers
Hubert, Benoît L. M. "Les stromatopores givétiens et frasniens de l'Ardenne méridionale et du Boulonnais (France et Belgique) : sédimentologie, paléobiodiversité et paléobiogéographie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10045/document.
Full textThe Devonian stromatoporoids are developped in Ardenne mainly during the Givetian. They are also weil represented during the Frasnian. The aim of this work is to analyse the biodiversity of stromatoporoids in southem Ardenne during these two periods and to compare the result with what we know in Boulonnais. Stromatoporoids are constrained to the nature of sediments (i. e. carbonated facies). Preliminary studies of sedimentologic environments are necessary to realised an approach of biodiversity. During the Givetian, the southern Ardenne is mainly characterised by shallow water and carbonated shelves. Abundant reefs have found the best conditions for their developpment. They are distributed at different scale and at different time. Some differences are constated between Givetian and Frasnian reefs. Thus, some species seems to be more developped in restricted facies, and are predominant inside the builders. Finally, stromatoporoids of the southern Ardenne seems to have affinities with faunas distributed along the same continent (i. e. Laurentia) and also with other geographic area (Afghanistan) along the Gondwana
Allaire, Ninon. "Macroévolution des premiers ammonoïdes au Dévonien : richesse taxonomique et disparité morphologique des faunes d'Afrique du Nord." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10209.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the study of past biodiversity fluctuations (paleobiodiversity). In the current context, the paleontological studies can provide important information about the impacts of global environmental changes on the evolution of living organisms. This thesis focuses on a major past marine biological component, the ammonoids (extinct ectocochleate mollusks), for a given geological time and region, the Devonian of North Africa (Algeria and Morocco). The first part of this thesis concerns the study of several assemblages of Upper Devonian ammonoids from Algeria. The purpose of this work is to describe the taxonomic composition and the biostratigraphic distribution of the observed faunas. The second part of this thesis aims to investigate the paleobiodiversity of the Devonian ammonoids from Morocco. This part constitutes a thorough study of the biodiversity fluctuations, intended to analyze the macroevolutionary trends of the ammonoid early evolution during the Devonian. The biodiversity of these Devonian ammonoids from Morocco was analyzed following both, a taxonomic approach (taxonomic richness and composition) and a morphological approach (morphological disparity), by using different parameters and methods. This study required the construction of a database dedicated to these organisms in order to acquire the information enabling to measure and quantify the taxonomic richness and the morphological disparity fluctuations. The biodiversity profiles obtained suggest some significant variations; certain trends seem to be associated to environmental changes recorded during the Devonian (e.g., climate change, anoxic events)
Halamski, Adam Tadeusz. "Analiza faunistyczna ramienionogów środkowodewońskich północnej cześci Gór Świetokrzyskich." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10086.
Full textGessa, Sylvia. "Le genre Nowakia (Dacryoconarides) dans le Praguien (Dévonien) de la République Tchèque : Biométrie, systématique, Phylogénie, Paléoenvironnements." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648815.
Full textCygan, Casimir. "Les biofaciès à Conodontes dans le Dévonien des Pyrénées : leur évolution dans l'espace et le temps." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30289.
Full textPlusquellec, Yves. "Histoire naturelle des pleurodictyformes (Cnidaria, Tabulata, Dévonien) du Massif Armoricain et des régions maghrebo-européennes principalement." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2047.
Full textThe memoir consists of three main chapters: 1) general considerations about the morphology, structure and microstructure, 2) systematic stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic studies, 3) global conclusions dealing with biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography. 1- A glossary o morphological temis and generic diagnosis are given. The systematic value of the microstructure and its place in the hierarchy of characters for the families, subfamilies and genus definition is examined. New data on the microstructure of Pleurodictyum and Granulidictyum are given. Conceming the Pleurodictyum-Hicetes system, unusual andlor new data are studied. The study of the development of the corallum allows to define two kinds of prototriads and two kinds of architectures of the corallum : the pleurodictyoid and the petrioid settings. 2- The follovng genera are studied : Pleurodictyum, Petridictyum, Pterodictyum, Kerforneidictyum, Granulidictyum, Pachyprocteria, Procteria, Procterodictyum, Amazonodictyum n, gen. , Cleistopora, Aporodictyum, Paracleistopora, Cleistodictyum, Ligulodictyum et Vaughaniopsis n. Gen. The stratigraphic and paleogeographic distribution of each genus is given in a se of maps. 3- In the Devonian of the Rade de Brest the first occurrence ot Pleurodictyum-like corals in the Lower Lochkovian, their revival during the Lower Emsian (BZE ?) and then during the Upper Emsian, and their extinction in the Upper Givetian (top of varcus Zone ?) is emphasized. Data concerning the global stratigraphy and paleobiogeography of the Pleurodictyum-like corals and their probable ways of dispersion are dealt with
Allaire, Ninon. "Macroévolution des premiers ammonoïdes au Dévonien : richesse taxonomique et disparité morphologique des faunes d'Afrique du Nord." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10209/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the study of past biodiversity fluctuations (paleobiodiversity). In the current context, the paleontological studies can provide important information about the impacts of global environmental changes on the evolution of living organisms. This thesis focuses on a major past marine biological component, the ammonoids (extinct ectocochleate mollusks), for a given geological time and region, the Devonian of North Africa (Algeria and Morocco). The first part of this thesis concerns the study of several assemblages of Upper Devonian ammonoids from Algeria. The purpose of this work is to describe the taxonomic composition and the biostratigraphic distribution of the observed faunas. The second part of this thesis aims to investigate the paleobiodiversity of the Devonian ammonoids from Morocco. This part constitutes a thorough study of the biodiversity fluctuations, intended to analyze the macroevolutionary trends of the ammonoid early evolution during the Devonian. The biodiversity of these Devonian ammonoids from Morocco was analyzed following both, a taxonomic approach (taxonomic richness and composition) and a morphological approach (morphological disparity), by using different parameters and methods. This study required the construction of a database dedicated to these organisms in order to acquire the information enabling to measure and quantify the taxonomic richness and the morphological disparity fluctuations. The biodiversity profiles obtained suggest some significant variations; certain trends seem to be associated to environmental changes recorded during the Devonian (e.g., climate change, anoxic events)
Clément, Gaël. "Etudes anatomiques des genres Porolepis Woodward 1891 et Heimenia Ørvig 1969 ('Porolepididae', Sarcopterygii) et du genre Powichthys Jessen 1975 (Powichthyidae, Sarcopterygii) du Dévonien inférieur et moyen du Spitzberg - Phylogénie des Dipnomorpha." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0039.
Full textHenniche, Messaouda. "Architecture et modèle de dépôts d'une série sédimentaire paléozoi͏̈que en contexte cratonique." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10097.
Full textSoria, Aude. "Structure, développement et fonctionnalités des formes chez les premières fougères s. L. : le genre dévonien "Pietzschia" gothan (cladoxylopsida)." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20199.
Full textBea, Augustin. "Grabens et volcanisme tholeiitique continental associé d'âge Odovinien-Dévonien probable, dans la région de Garoua au Nord-Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30095.
Full textBekkouche, Djamel. "Le Silurien supérieur - Dévonien inférieur du bassin de Ghadamès (Sahara oriental Algérien) : lithostratigraphie, sédimentologie et diagenèse des réservoirs gréseux." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759888.
Full textMezlah, Houria. "Les mud-mounds du dévonien moyen du bassin de l'Ahnet et ses régions limitrophes ( sud-ouest algérien) Sédimentologie - diagenèse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002484.
Full textPernegre, Vincent. "Les ptéraspidiformes (vertebrata, heterostraci) de la formation de Wood Bay (Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg) : position phylogénétique, implications biostratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0018.
Full textThe Pteraspidiformes of the Wood Bay Formation reveals an high diversity. Doryaspis is composed of 6 species ; Gigantaspis 4 species; Xylaspis and Woodfjordaspis nov. Gen. Are monospecifics. New faunal assemblages are proposed. They are correlated to the faunal divisions of the biostratigraphic scale of the formation. The lithostratigraphic scale is caracterised too and compared with the preceding one. The Austfjorden member is equivalent to the Sigurdfjellet-Kapp Kjeldsen divisions, and the Dicksonfjord Member as equivalent to the Keltiefjellet division. Comparisons with the Russian Arctic allow to consider the Spokojnaya Formation (Severnaya Zemlya), the Mount Veselye Formation (Novaya Zemlya) and the Sigurdfjellet-Kapp Kjeldsen divisions (Svalbard) as equivalent. This proposition is completed by new sub-province named: Gigantaspis sub-Province. The cladistic analysis leads to a revision of the admitted classification, and does not support the monophyly of the "Protopteraspididae"; yet it confirms that of the Pteraspididae and Protaspididae. The Gigantaspididae nov. Fam. Is proposed as the sister-group of the Protaspididae
Mehedi, Zohra. "Les Grès du Devonien supérieur et du carbonifère inférieur de la cuvette de Sbaa (région de Timimoun-Sahara algérien) : caractérisation, extension et milieu de dépôt." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2021.
Full textMaache, Nacera. "Étude sédimentologique (lithostratigraphie, diagénèse et paléogéographie) des séries du dévonien de la Saoura, monts de l'Ougarta, Sahara Nord occidental, Algérie." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112464.
Full textGuériau, Pierre. "La Faune continentale d'arthropodes aquatiques du Famennien (Dévonien supérieur) de Strud, Belgique : taxonimie, paléoécologie et tapohnomie par imagerie 2D synchrotron." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0034.
Full textThe continental deposits of Strud locality (late Devonian, Belgium) are well known for their highly diversified flora and vertebrate fauna, bu they have also yielded outstandingly well-preserved arthropod fauna. The latter includes a putative insect, but also a rare assemblage of continental aquatic crustaceans. This dissertation describes the earliest continental decapod crustacean, a new eucarid crustacean that gives insights into the origin of decapoda, and a modern-like community of branchiopod crustaceans. Finally, chemical taphonomy studies have been performed in order to decipher the fossilization processes at the locality. The dissertation presents new methodological developments regarding trace elemental imaging, in particular from the rare earth elements, which open new avenues for the future palaeoenvironmental and taphonomic studies
Riquier, Laurent. "Perturbation des environnements marins à la limite Frasnien-Famennien (Dévonien terminal) : apport de la géochimie inorganique et du magnétisme des roches." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00206195.
Full textL'analyse du signal magnétique montre que les apports détritiques ont progressivement dimi-nué au cours du Frasnien. Ces apports sont minimaux lors du dépôt des deux horizons Kellwasser au Frasnien terminal. A l'inverse, le Famennien inférieur enregistre une hausse de ces apports. Ces varia-tions sont associées aux fluctuations globales du niveau marin reconnues au Dévonien supérieur, ainsi qu'à des changements profonds du régime d'érosion sur les continents. Notre étude suggère que l'évolution du détritisme et de la production carbonatée sur les marges continentales ait été contrôlée par des variations climatiques majeures. Selon nous, la limite entre ces deux étages représente une période de transition entre des conditions chaudes et humides de type "greenhouse", typiques du Dé-vonien, et des conditions plus froides et plus sèches, annonçant les climats de type "icehouse" du Car-bonifère.
L'analyse géochimique des horizons Kellwasser a mis en évidence la hausse de la productivité primaire et a confirmé l'appauvrissement en oxygène des eaux de fonds dans la plupart des environ-nements marins. Nos travaux montrent que le degré et la durée de l'appauvrissement en oxygène ne semblent pas être identiques pour chacun de ces deux horizons. L'horizon Kellwasser inférieur est caractérisé par la mise en place de conditions dysoxiques dans les environnements peu profonds (pla-tes-formes ou hauts-fonds marins), alors que l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur enregistre la mise en place de conditions anoxiques à euxiniques dans les environnements profonds (bassins) et oxiques à dysoxiques dans les environnements moins profonds.
Durant l'épisode de dépôt de l'horizon Kellwasser inférieur, l'appauvrissement en oxygène se-rait le résultat d'une hausse importante de la productivité primaire. Cette hausse de productivité et la consommation d'oxygène auraient été induites par l'eutrophisation des milieux marins peu profonds. La libération accrue de nutriment proviendrait d'une intensification de l'altération chimique, faisant suite au développement des plantes vasculaires et à la mise en place de la chaîne éovarisque à partir du Dévonien supérieur. Ce phénomène d'altération a vraisemblablement été favorisé par un climat parti-culièrement chaud et humide. Durant l'épisode de dépôt de l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur, l'appauvrissement en oxygène résulterait de la stratification des eaux dans les environnements pro-fonds, due à une diminution de la circulation océanique, causée par un confinement plus important des bassins. Cette stratification a été accrue durant la période de haut niveau marin associée à l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur. Les eaux anoxiques ont pu se répandre dans les environnements de plates-formes à la faveur de la montée eustatique. La mise en place de conditions anoxiques, voire locale-ment euxiniques, a favorisé la diffusion des nutriments libérés par la reminéralisation de la matière organique. Ces nutriments ont pu rejoindre épisodiquement les eaux de surface, à la faveur d'interruptions temporaires de la stratification des eaux, et ainsi intensifier la productivité primaire.
Il est proposé que cette période de stockage accrue de carbone organique dans les sédiments ait fortement perturbé le cycle du carbone à long terme, conduisant, au final, à une chute notable de la pression de CO2 atmosphérique et au refroidissement du climat à la base du Famennien. Ainsi, ces travaux suggèrent que la formation des horizons Kellwasser résulte de la conjonction de divers phé-nomènes, comprenant la tectonique s.l., l'évolution des végétaux, la physiographie des océans, la pro-ductivité marine, le tout en interactions directes et indirectes avec le climat.
Maillet, Sébastien. "Les ostracodes du Givétien (Dévonien moyen) de l’Ardenne. Paléobiodiversité, paléoécologie et bioévénements : réponse biotique aux changements environnementaux d’une plate-forme carbonatée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10097/document.
Full textThis study deals with the ostracodes of the Givetian of the Ardenne. During this period, the Ardenne was a wide reefal carbonate platform in tropical realm, extending along the south-laurrusian margin (Rheno-Hercynian Ocean). The fauna from three areas of the Ardenne (Aisemont, Givet and Aisne), representing three different places on the givetien platform, are characterized. Other faunas from three farther areas (Asturias, Mouthoumet Massif and Saoura) which belong to other carbonate platforms during the Givetian are also analyzed to compare with the Ardenne. About 50,000 ostracodes were extracted by the hot acetolysis method. In all, 376 taxa belonging to 91 genera have been identified. In the Givetian of the Ardenne, 245 taxa have been recognized, of which 1 new genus and 5 new species. Analyses of the stratigraphical distribution and the biodiversity of ostracodes show a relatively rich and stable fauna from the Early to the Middle Givetian. For all the studied areas, the abundance and the biodiversity of ostracodes decrease in the late Middle Givetian. It is followed by a time interval where faunas are rare. Then, a faunal renewal occurs, with the appearance of new taxa in the Late Givetian. This supraregional phenomenon is a consequence of the global Taghanic Biocrisis. This crisis deepdly disturb the neritic benthic ostracodes communities. Ne arly 90% of the species know in the Early and the Middle Givetian are no longer found in the Late Givetian. In the Saoura, another bioevent is recognized: the pumilio events. Ostracodes communities are not affected by this bioevent. Finally, in the Ardenne, some biostratigraphical markers are proposed in the Givetian. Ecological groups of ostracodes on the ardennean platform are characterized in regards to environment. Ecological affinities of the species are analysed and allow recognizing both valuable environmental markers and ubiquists taxa. Among these ubiquists taxa, polymorphic species are present. Quantitative analyses performed on the species Cavellina rhenana Krömmelbein, 1954 put forwards that the environment strongly influences the carapace morphology. Such ecomorphs may be useful to refine paleoenvironmental reconstructions. A database on givetian ostracodes has been compiled. It includes 920 species from 18 areas. Analyses of this database evidence that a Rheno-Hercynian faunal province existed during Givetian. During this period, faunal exchanges were favoured with the more southern areas. The last part focuses on the finding of two microspherules layers in the Givetian of the Ardenne. The characteristics of these levels suggest that they are distal ejectas deposited following two asteroid impacts during the Givetian
Maillet, Sébastien. "Les ostracodes du Givétien (Dévonien moyen) de l’Ardenne. Paléobiodiversité, paléoécologie et bioévénements : réponse biotique aux changements environnementaux d’une plate-forme carbonatée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10097.
Full textThis study deals with the ostracodes of the Givetian of the Ardenne. During this period, the Ardenne was a wide reefal carbonate platform in tropical realm, extending along the south-laurrusian margin (Rheno-Hercynian Ocean). The fauna from three areas of the Ardenne (Aisemont, Givet and Aisne), representing three different places on the givetien platform, are characterized. Other faunas from three farther areas (Asturias, Mouthoumet Massif and Saoura) which belong to other carbonate platforms during the Givetian are also analyzed to compare with the Ardenne. About 50,000 ostracodes were extracted by the hot acetolysis method. In all, 376 taxa belonging to 91 genera have been identified. In the Givetian of the Ardenne, 245 taxa have been recognized, of which 1 new genus and 5 new species. Analyses of the stratigraphical distribution and the biodiversity of ostracodes show a relatively rich and stable fauna from the Early to the Middle Givetian. For all the studied areas, the abundance and the biodiversity of ostracodes decrease in the late Middle Givetian. It is followed by a time interval where faunas are rare. Then, a faunal renewal occurs, with the appearance of new taxa in the Late Givetian. This supraregional phenomenon is a consequence of the global Taghanic Biocrisis. This crisis deepdly disturb the neritic benthic ostracodes communities. Ne arly 90% of the species know in the Early and the Middle Givetian are no longer found in the Late Givetian. In the Saoura, another bioevent is recognized: the pumilio events. Ostracodes communities are not affected by this bioevent. Finally, in the Ardenne, some biostratigraphical markers are proposed in the Givetian. Ecological groups of ostracodes on the ardennean platform are characterized in regards to environment. Ecological affinities of the species are analysed and allow recognizing both valuable environmental markers and ubiquists taxa. Among these ubiquists taxa, polymorphic species are present. Quantitative analyses performed on the species Cavellina rhenana Krömmelbein, 1954 put forwards that the environment strongly influences the carapace morphology. Such ecomorphs may be useful to refine paleoenvironmental reconstructions. A database on givetian ostracodes has been compiled. It includes 920 species from 18 areas. Analyses of this database evidence that a Rheno-Hercynian faunal province existed during Givetian. During this period, faunal exchanges were favoured with the more southern areas. The last part focuses on the finding of two microspherules layers in the Givetian of the Ardenne. The characteristics of these levels suggest that they are distal ejectas deposited following two asteroid impacts during the Givetian
Botquelen, Arnaud. "Impact des variations eustatiques sur les assemblages benthiques à brachiopodes : l'Ordovicien sarde et le Dévonien Ibéro-armoricain. Paléoécologie, Taphonomie, Statigraphie séquentielle, Systématique." Brest, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007123.
Full textAbdulanova, Saya. "Etude de la terminaison méridionale de l'Oural (Mougodjar, Kazakhstan) : évolution tectonique et stratigraphique du bassin d'avant-pays au Paléozoïque (Dévonien à Permien)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066643/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the foreland basin of southern Ural in Kazakhstan (Mougodjar). Sedimentological data have been collected from field investigations, and sub-surface data (seismic profiles, wells) have been studied. A sedimentological investigation of the turbidites, Carboniferous to Early Permian in age, has been performed. It allowed to characterize the environments of deposition of the turbidites and to evidence the long-term succession from uppermost Carboniferous to early Permian. The analysis of turbides indicates that the long-term sequences are controlled by global sea-level changes controlled by glacio-eustatism. The Early Permian orogeny, associated to the uplift of the Ural chain, controlled the quantity and quality of the sedimentary input sourcing the foreland basin. Important variations in the conglomeratic levels reflect (1) the erosion of material from the volcanic arc and carbonate platforms constituting the margins of the basin, and (2) local reorganizations of sub-marine slopes (changes in paleo-current directions). The smectitic minerals are the most frequent in the clay minerals assemblages reported in the uppermost Carboniferous to Early Permian sequences. Illite, Kaolinite, and chlorite are less frequently observed. This assemblage of clay minerals shows a permanence of detrital sources filling the basin. This pattern is thought to reflect a sorting effect of the clay particles along a proximal-distal transect, either than a direct paleoclimatic control. The distribution of the organic matter, mainly marine from the Middle Devonian to the Carboniferous indicates that the paleoenvironments were looked favourable to high surface paleoproductivities associated to a dysoxy/anoxy of all, or part, of the water column in the context of a restricted marine basin. The highest values of COT (20 %) found in the Kiya section (Fammenian) may be associated to a major Devonian OAE, the Hangenberg event. However, the accuracy of available biostratigraphic data does not allow to ensure such correlation. Indeed, OAE events may have favoured the accumulation and preservation of the organic matter in the Mougodjar, in addition to physiographical effects (e.g., the relative closure of the basin toward the south). The high concentration in organic carbon (COT 20%) of the Devonian sediments shows good potential source rocks. The content in organic matter, mainly from terrestrial origin, of the Permian turbidites are lower (COT reaching up to 4%), but quite high in some stratigraphic levels. The proximal silty-sandy deposits display the higher COT values. These Permian turbidites may be good reservoirs. They could also be potential gas-prone source rocks. The study of the sub-surface data allowed us to determine the structure of the foreland basin at the scale of southern Ural. It is constituted of folds and west-vergent thrusts resulting from a polyphased tectonic evolution. The folds gradually disappear toward the west passing westward either to the stable Russian platform in the north or to the eastern Pre-Caspian basin to the south. We have reconstructed the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the western Mougodjar through paleogeographic maps. Five key periods have been selected between the Devonian to early Permian period. Our reconstructions evidence two main orogenic events: (1) a first collision between the European continent and the Magnitogorsk volcanic arc in Middle Devonian, and (2) the major uralian orogeny during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times resulting from the collision of the European continent with the Kazakh and Siberian plates. This event originated the foreland basin, which is almost completely fulfilled by a thick detrital sequence. In Kungurian, the foreland basin is almost completely isolated and a thick evaporitic sequence deposited
Abdulanova, Saya. "Etude de la terminaison méridionale de l'Oural (Mougodjar, Kazakhstan) : évolution tectonique et stratigraphique du bassin d'avant-pays au Paléozoïque (Dévonien à Permien)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066643.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the foreland basin of southern Ural in Kazakhstan (Mougodjar). Sedimentological data have been collected from field investigations, and sub-surface data (seismic profiles, wells) have been studied. A sedimentological investigation of the turbidites, Carboniferous to Early Permian in age, has been performed. It allowed to characterize the environments of deposition of the turbidites and to evidence the long-term succession from uppermost Carboniferous to early Permian. The analysis of turbides indicates that the long-term sequences are controlled by global sea-level changes controlled by glacio-eustatism. The Early Permian orogeny, associated to the uplift of the Ural chain, controlled the quantity and quality of the sedimentary input sourcing the foreland basin. Important variations in the conglomeratic levels reflect (1) the erosion of material from the volcanic arc and carbonate platforms constituting the margins of the basin, and (2) local reorganizations of sub-marine slopes (changes in paleo-current directions). The smectitic minerals are the most frequent in the clay minerals assemblages reported in the uppermost Carboniferous to Early Permian sequences. Illite, Kaolinite, and chlorite are less frequently observed. This assemblage of clay minerals shows a permanence of detrital sources filling the basin. This pattern is thought to reflect a sorting effect of the clay particles along a proximal-distal transect, either than a direct paleoclimatic control. The distribution of the organic matter, mainly marine from the Middle Devonian to the Carboniferous indicates that the paleoenvironments were looked favourable to high surface paleoproductivities associated to a dysoxy/anoxy of all, or part, of the water column in the context of a restricted marine basin. The highest values of COT (20 %) found in the Kiya section (Fammenian) may be associated to a major Devonian OAE, the Hangenberg event. However, the accuracy of available biostratigraphic data does not allow to ensure such correlation. Indeed, OAE events may have favoured the accumulation and preservation of the organic matter in the Mougodjar, in addition to physiographical effects (e.g., the relative closure of the basin toward the south). The high concentration in organic carbon (COT 20%) of the Devonian sediments shows good potential source rocks. The content in organic matter, mainly from terrestrial origin, of the Permian turbidites are lower (COT reaching up to 4%), but quite high in some stratigraphic levels. The proximal silty-sandy deposits display the higher COT values. These Permian turbidites may be good reservoirs. They could also be potential gas-prone source rocks. The study of the sub-surface data allowed us to determine the structure of the foreland basin at the scale of southern Ural. It is constituted of folds and west-vergent thrusts resulting from a polyphased tectonic evolution. The folds gradually disappear toward the west passing westward either to the stable Russian platform in the north or to the eastern Pre-Caspian basin to the south. We have reconstructed the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the western Mougodjar through paleogeographic maps. Five key periods have been selected between the Devonian to early Permian period. Our reconstructions evidence two main orogenic events: (1) a first collision between the European continent and the Magnitogorsk volcanic arc in Middle Devonian, and (2) the major uralian orogeny during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times resulting from the collision of the European continent with the Kazakh and Siberian plates. This event originated the foreland basin, which is almost completely fulfilled by a thick detrital sequence. In Kungurian, the foreland basin is almost completely isolated and a thick evaporitic sequence deposited
Perez-Leyton, Miguel Angel. "Analyse des assemblages de palynomorphes du Silurien supérieur et du Dévonien de Bolivie : proposition de mise en place d'une échelle biostratigraphique de référence." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2052.
Full textBerra, Ivan. "Sédimentologie, stratigraphie isotopique du strontium et chemostratigraphie à la transition Frasnien-Famennien (Dévonien supérieur) en Amérique du Nord: implications orogéniques dans la crise biologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210400.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lefebvre, Vincent. "Modélisation numérique du cycle du carbone et des cycles biogéochimiques : application aux perturbations climatiques de l’Ordovicien terminal, du Dévonien terminal et du Miocène moyen." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10047/document.
Full textCarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas known to be a primary driver of the Earth climate at a geological time scale. Its variation during the Phanerozoic determines icehouse and greenhouse periods. Brief perturbations, marked by carbon cycle and consequently atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes, occur during the Phanerozoic. During the PhD a numerical carbon cycle box model has been updated based on a previous version published by Grard et al. (2005). The modelisations realized during the PhD alowed to test different processes leading to a carbon cycle destabilization over several million of years. During the middle Miocene, we propose an intensification of the burial of continental organic carbon by burying 1.5x10*18 mol C in 3 millions of years. This process constitutes the more acceptable scenario that could explain the positive ?*13C excursion of the middle Miocene. Modeling on the Late Ordovician has led to the suggestion of a new hypothesis explaining the Hirnantian cooling : the installation of a continental basaltic province. Finally, the modeling on the Late Devonian has tested the hypothesis that a long-term (more than 10 Myr) geodynamical process such as a major orogeny could lead to a short-term (less than 2 Myr) carbon cycle perturbation associated to the initial mountain uplift. We show that the Eovariscan orogeny can be at the origin of the two Kellwasser events at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary
Lefebvre, Vincent. "Modélisation numérique du cycle du carbone et des cycles biogéochimiques : application aux perturbations climatiques de l’Ordovicien terminal, du Dévonien terminal et du Miocène moyen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10047.
Full textCarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas known to be a primary driver of the Earth climate at a geological time scale. Its variation during the Phanerozoic determines icehouse and greenhouse periods. Brief perturbations, marked by carbon cycle and consequently atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes, occur during the Phanerozoic. During the PhD a numerical carbon cycle box model has been updated based on a previous version published by Grard et al. (2005). The modelisations realized during the PhD alowed to test different processes leading to a carbon cycle destabilization over several million of years. During the middle Miocene, we propose an intensification of the burial of continental organic carbon by burying 1.5x10*18 mol C in 3 millions of years. This process constitutes the more acceptable scenario that could explain the positive ?*13C excursion of the middle Miocene. Modeling on the Late Ordovician has led to the suggestion of a new hypothesis explaining the Hirnantian cooling : the installation of a continental basaltic province. Finally, the modeling on the Late Devonian has tested the hypothesis that a long-term (more than 10 Myr) geodynamical process such as a major orogeny could lead to a short-term (less than 2 Myr) carbon cycle perturbation associated to the initial mountain uplift. We show that the Eovariscan orogeny can be at the origin of the two Kellwasser events at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary
D'Hulst, Alan. "Métallogénie des gîtes dévoniens du dôme de Lemieux et de Sainte-Marguerite, Gaspésie, Québec, Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24627/24627.pdf.
Full textThe Lemieux Dome and Sainte-Marguerite deposits are examples of epithermal and orogenic mineralization in Silurian-Devonian sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Gaspé Peninsula. During the Silurian-Devonian, the Gaspé Belt is interpreted as a back-arc setting that eventually transformed into a transpressive setting during the Acadian orogeny. Lemieux Dome veins display mineralogical features typical of low- to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits. Mineralized veins hosted by Silurian-Devonian sedimentary rocks are related to the emplacement of bimodal Devonian volcanic rocks. Mineralisation is probably coeval with volcanic rocks eruption (lower to middle Devonian), before the Acadian orogeny. The Sainte-Marguerite deposit, associated to the Acadian Sainte-Florence fault, is hosted by the Sainte-Marguerite bimodal volcanic rocks. Mineralization forms in 5 stages: (1) a calcite-chlorite stage; (2) a quartz-pyrite stage; (3) a quartz-sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite ± arsenopyrite-adularia stage; (4) a quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite stage and; (5) a quartz-carbonate stage. Stage 2 pyrite and quartz are recrystallized, indicating that sulfides formed early and were affected by Acadian metamorphism. Stage 2 pyrite and quartz were then cataclased and cemented by Stage 3 sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. Structural attitude of both Stage 3 and 4 veins is consistent with regional Acadian deformation during the middle to late Devonian (398 to 359 Ma), and suggests an epizonal orogenic affinity for Stage 3 and 4 mineralization, compatible with isotope and fluid inclusion data. δ18O, δ13C and microthermometric data in both deposits indicate that they were formed by infiltration of basinal brines at temperatures between 150 and 200°C. Lemieux Dome veins formed by mixing of the basinal brine with meteoric water. δ34S values and the lead isotope composition suggest that sulfur and metals were leached from surrounding sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Formation of both deposits in the Silurian-Devonian Gaspé Belt shows a mineral potential for pre-Acadian epithermal deposits, and for syn-Acadian epizonal orogenic deposits in other Silurian-Devonian rocks of the Appalachians.
Girard, Catherine. "Les communautés de conodontes et les crises Kellwasser et Hangenberg de la fin du Dévonien en Montagne noire (sud de la France) : analyse faunistique et géochimique." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20218.
Full textPalafox-Reyes, Juan-José. "Du Craton au Rhéïque : le nord et le centre de l'état du Sonora (Mexique) au Paléozoïque supérieur (Dévonien-Pennsylvanien), lithostratigraphie, biostratigraphie, approche géochimique et implications géologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10102/document.
Full textThe outcrops, located in the northeast and central region of the State of Sonora, NW Mexico, reveal a predominately carbonate series that ranges from Upper Devonian to the base of the Permian. Five detailed sections were studied : (1) the Cerros of Tule ; (2-3) the Cerro Los Abajeños and the Cerro El Palmar; in the Sierra Agua Verde ; (4) the Cerro El Yugo (Arivechi) and (5) the Cerro Las Moritas. Results on lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy, based on foraminifers and calcareous algae, are proposed. The identified biozones are successively: (a) Nanicella gallowayi; (b) Eogeinitzina devonica ; (c) Moravamminides indéterminés ; (d) Granuliferella ; (e) Laxoendothyra parakosvensis et Granuliferelloides sp., (f) Tuberendothyra sp. et Inflatoendothyra sp. ; (g) Endothyra prisca et Stacheoides tenuis, followed by the fusulinid zones of Wilde: M2, A2, A4, DS1, DS2, MC1/2, VC2/3 and PW1/2. Geochemical data were investigated; they permit a preliminary interpretation of the major oxydes. It is added a reflection on the genetic relationships and climatic with the cyclothems of Midcontinent of USA and the LPIA (Late Paleozoic Ice Age) of Gondwana. As the palaeoclimate is presented with similar characteristics to that of the rest of the North American Craton ìcountry of the cyclothems, a synsedimentary and local tectonic could dominate in Sonora. Finally, the studied part of Sonora appears as a large platform (maybe a foreland unit) between the North American Craton and the Rheic Ocean
Laurent, Aurore. "Modélisation géologique 3D du bassin houiller du Nord-Pas-de-Calais et de son substratum dévonien-carbonifère inférieur : vers une meilleure définition des réservoirs géothermiques profonds." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR058.
Full textWithin the act on energy transition voted by the French government in 2015, the Hauts-de-France region is committed to invest and develop massively renewable energies by 2050. This objective requires the development of regional alternatives to fossil fuels, in particular low-temperature geothermal energy. In such a perspective, the present PhD study aims to define the geometry of the potential deep geothermal reservoirs in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais (NPC) coal basin district: the brecciated and karstic limestones of the Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous, 360-330 Ma) and the Givetian-Frasnian carbonates (Middle-Upper Devonian, 388-372 Ma).These reservoirs form part of a large-scale carbonate platform developed onto the southern Avalonian margin from the Middle Devonian to the Lower Carboniferous. During the Variscan orogeny in Late Mississippian-Middle Pennsylvanian (330-305 Ma) times, the collision between the continents Avalonia and Armorica-Gondwana led to the tectonic inversion of the Avalonian margin and the development of a north-verging thrust system whose front crosses northern France. The Devonian-Carboniferous platform was progressively buried under the syn-orogenic Nord-Pas-de-Calais molassic foreland basin developed along the Northern Variscan Front.In order to characterise the geometry of the deep reservoirs within the Devonian-Carboniferous substratum of the NPC coal basin, it is essential to analyse the 3D structure and dynamics of the coal basin and of the Northern Variscan Front at the regional scale. The 3D geometry of the Northern Variscan Front, the NPC coal basin and the geothermal reservoirs has been investigated based on (1) the interpretation of 532 km of seismic reflection profiles reprocessed in the frame of the thesis, and (2) the construction of a 3D numerical structural model integrating a large database (interpreted seismic profiles converted into depth, wells, reinterpreted mining data, outcrops, existing geological syntheses, gravimetric maps).Seismic interpretations point out the main structural features of the southern Avalonian margin and of the different units of the Northern Variscan Front in northern France. The 3D geometry of the thrust front (frontal and lateral ramps, transfer zone) is characterized and the influence of the Devonian and Caledonian structural inheritance on the dynamics of the thrust front is discussed. Numerical modelling allows for the reinterpretation of the 3D geometry of the different sedimentary units and discontinuities (faults, thrusts) of the Northern Variscan Front and of the eastern part of the NPC coal basin. Geothermal targets are imaged in 3D and their extension, depth, thickness and deformations are defined. Operational deliverables, such as isohypses and isopaque maps, were produced and analysed at the end of this study. The definition of the regional subsurface 3D geometry finally allowed to discuss the deformation history of the Variscan orogenic front and to propose a new kinematic evolution model in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais coal district area. This work demonstrates the interest of a dual approach combining advances in scientific knowledge (the dynamics of the Northern Variscan Front) and the development of applied knowledge (reservoir geometry)