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Academic literature on the topic 'Dexamethasone elixir'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dexamethasone elixir"
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Bunch, Elaine A. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination and Identification Tests for Dexamethasone in Bulk Drugs and Elixirs: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 6 (1987): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.6.967.
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Abstract A normal phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of dexamethasone in bulk drugs and elixirs was collaboratively studied by 6 laboratories. The method uses a silica column, water-modified acetic acid-methanol-methylene chloride mobile phase, cortisone internal standard, and photometric detection at 254 nm. Collaborators were supplied blind duplicate samples of 3 bulk drugs, 2 commercial elixirs, and 1 authentic elixir. Dexamethasone elixir dosage level is 0.5 mg/5 tnL. Mean recovery of dexamethasone from the authentic elixir formulated to contain 0.471 mg/5 mL was 94.5%. (Authentic elixirs were found to stabilize about 6% below the theoretical concentration.) Mean recovery for the bulk drugs was between 97.1 and 100.1%. Mean coefficients of variation for bulk drug and elixir samples were less than 0.8% and 3.6%, respectively. Identification tests for dexamethasone by thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and relative LC retention times, as well as the gas chromatographic determination of alcohol in the elixirs were also collaboratively studied. Mean recovery of alcohol from the synthetic elixir was 98.6%. The mean coefficient of variation for alcohol for all samples analyzed was less than 1.4%. The LC method for dexamethasone in drug substance and elixirs, the identification tests, and the GC method for alcohol in dexamethasone elixirs have been adopted official first action.
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Kuba, Sayaka, Kosho Yamanouchi, Megumi Matsumoto, et al. "Study protocol for efficacy and safety of steroid-containing mouthwash to prevent chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in women with breast cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 2 study." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (2020): e033446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033446.
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IntroductionStomatitis is a frequent adverse event in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Stomatitis can hamper oral nutrition resulting in malnutrition, reduce quality of life and introduce the need for dose reductions and interruption of chemotherapy; however, there is currently no standard approach for preventing chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a dexamethasone-based elixir mouthwash for preventing chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in patients with early breast cancer.Methods and analysisIn this multicenter, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial, we will randomly assign 120 women with early breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy to use of a dexamethasone-based elixir or standard oral care, to compare their preventive effects on chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. Patients will be assigned in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the intervention group will receive chemotherapy, oral care and a dexamethasone-based elixir (10 mL 0.1 mg/mL; swish for 2 min and spit, four times daily for 9 weeks), and patients in the control group will receive chemotherapy and oral care. The primary endpoint is the difference in incidence of stomatitis between the two groups. The sample size allows for the detection of a minimum difference of 20% in the incidence of stomatitis between the two groups. Secondary endpoints are severity of stomatitis, duration of stomatitis, completion rate of chemotherapy and adverse events.Ethics and disseminationAll participants signed a written consent form, and the study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Nagasaki University (CRB7180001).Trial registration numberUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000030489).
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Aljebab, Fahad, Mofadhi Alanazi, Imti Choonara, and Sharon Conroy. "P23 Tolerability of prednisolone and dexamethasone in children in saudi arabia and the united kingdom." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 2 (2018): e2.26-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314585.32.
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BackgroundCorticosteroids are used to treat conditions including acute asthma and croup where they are often given in short-courses. This study evaluated the tolerability and palatability of oral prednisolone and dexamethasone in children in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the UK.MethodsA prospective observational/interview study was performed. Palatability was evaluated by asking patient/parent’s opinions of the taste and acceptability of the medication. Children pointed at the appropriate face on a scale depicting: 1 ‘dislike very much’, 2 ‘dislike a little’, 3 ‘not sure’, 4 ‘like a little’ and 5 ‘like very much’.1 Tolerability, in particular nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain was evaluated by direct questioning of the patient/parents after each administration. Data was collected over three months in each centre. Patients aged 2–18 years treated with oral prednisolone or dexamethasone in hospital were approached to participate.ResultsIn SA, 122 patients (89 asthma, 33 croup), aged 2–10 years (mean=4.3) were recruited: 52 received prednisolone base tablets; 37 prednisolone sodium phosphate syrup; 33 dexamethasone elixir. In the UK, of 133 patients (80 asthma, 53 croup) aged 2–16 years (mean=4.9): 38 received prednisolone base tablets; 42 prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablets; 53 dexamethasone sodium phosphate oral solution.SA: Day 1 prednisolone base tablet palatability scores: 1 (88.5%); 2 (11.5%). Day 2 scores: 1 (64.4%); 2 (28.9%); 3 (6.7%). Day 1 prednisolone sodium phosphate solution palatability scores: 1 (48.6%); 2 (40.5%); 3 (10.8%). Day 2 scores: 1 (10.8%); 2 (67.6%); 3 (21.6%). Day 1 dexamethasone elixir palatability scores: 1 (27.3%); 2 (48.5%); 3 (24.2%).UK: Day 1 prednisolone base tablet palatability scores: 1 (76.3%); 2 (13.1%); 3 (5.3%); 4 (5.3%). Day 2 scores: 1 (61.3%); 2 (19.4%); 3 (16.1%); 4 (3.2%). Day 1 prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablet palatability scores: 1 (35.7%); 2 (26.2%); 3 (23.8%); 4 (11.9%) 5 (2.4%). Day 2 scores: 1 (16.7%); 2 (58.2%); 3 (16.7%); 4 (4.2%); 5 (4.2%). Day 1 dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution palatability scores: 1 (5.7%); 2 (28.3%); 3 (37.7%); 4 (17%); 5 (11.3%).Dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution had the highest palatability scores (P<706;0.0001). The score was lowest for prednisolone base tablets in both centres (P<0.0001).In SA prednisolone base tablets were associated with more cases of nausea (24 vs 7) and vomiting (5 vs 0) than prednisolone sodium phosphate syrup (p=0.008 and p=0.073 respectively). In the UK vomiting occurred significantly more frequently with prednisolone base tablets (8) than prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablets (2) (p=0.041).In both centres dexamethasone was associated with less side effects but with no significant difference between the formulations. Vomiting (1 vs 0), nausea (7 vs 3) and abdominal pain (10 vs 8) occurred more with dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution than dexamethasone elixir (p=1, p=0.53 and p=0.55 respectively).ConclusionsDexamethasone sodium phosphate solution was the most palatable preparation. Prednisolone base tablets were rated the least palatable and were also the least well tolerated. Palatability scores seemed to improve with second doses.ReferenceH. Hames H, Seabrook JA, Matsui D, Rieder MJ, Joubert GI. A palatability study of a flavoured dexamethasone preparation versus prednisolone liquid in children. Can. J. Clin. PharmacolJanuary 2008;15(1):e95–8.
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BATISTA, SANNY INGRID SOARES, IAN COELHO MENDES, ALAN VIEIRA COSTA DE SOUSA, et al. "ASSOCIATION OF LOW INTENSITY LASERTHERAPY AND DEXAMETHASONE ELIXIR IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL MUCOSITE: 5-CASE REPORT." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 130, no. 3 (2020): e221-e222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2020.04.529.
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Aljebab, Fahad, Mofadhi Alanazi, Imti Choonara, and Sharon Conroy. "Observational study on the palatability and tolerability of oral prednisolone and oral dexamethasone in children in Saudi Arabia and the UK." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 1 (2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-312697.
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BackgroundShort-course oral corticosteroids are routinely used to treat acute asthma and croup. We evaluated their tolerability and palatability in Saudi Arabian (SA) and UK children.MethodsProspective observational/interview study (3 months in each country). Palatability was evaluated using a 5-point facial Hedonicscale and tolerability by direct questioning of patient/parents.ResultsIn SA, of 122 patients (2–10 years) recruited, 52 received prednisolone base tablets, 37 prednisolone sodium phosphate syrup and 33 received dexamethasone elixir. In the UK, of 133 patients (2–16 years), 38 received prednisolone base tablets (mainly crushed and dispersed), 42 prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablets and 53 received dexamethasone sodium phosphate oral solution.In both countries, dexamethasone had the highest palatability scores (SA mean: 1.97; UK mean: 3) and prednisolone base tablets had the lowest (SA mean: 1.12; UK mean: 1.39). Palatability scores improved for all formulations of prednisolone with each subsequent daily dose.In SA, prednisolone base tablets were associated with more nausea (24vs7 patients) and vomiting (5vs0 patients) than sodium phosphate syrup (p=0.008 and p=0.073, respectively). In the UK, vomiting occurred more frequently with prednisolone base (8 patients) than sodium phosphate soluble tablets (2 patients) (p=0.041).In both centres, dexamethasone was associated with less side effects. Vomiting (1vs0 patients), nausea (7vs3 patients) and abdominal pain (10vs8 patients) occurred more with dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution than dexamethasone elixir.ConclusionsDexamethasone sodium phosphate solution was the most palatable preparation. Prednisolone base tablets were rated least palatable and were least well tolerated. Palatability scores improved with each dose taken.
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Kweon, Minson, Hyejin Lee, Cheol Park, Yung Hyun Choi, and Jae-Ha Ryu. "A Chalcone from Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) Stimulates Myoblast Differentiation and Inhibits Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (2019): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102419.
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Ashitaba, Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (AK), as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China, has been known as an elixir of life having therapeutic potential. However, there is no scientific evidence to support that Ashitaba can enhance or maintain muscle strength. To find a new therapeutic agent from the medicinal plant, we evaluated the anti-myopathy effect of chalcones from ethanol extract of AK (EAK) in cellular and animal models of muscle atrophy. To examine anti-myopathy activity, EAK was treated into dexamethasone injected rats and muscle thickness and histopathological images were analyzed. Oral administration of EAK (250 or 500 mg/kg) alleviated muscle atrophic damages and down-regulated the mRNA levels of muscle-specific ubiquitin-E3 ligases. Among ten compounds isolated from EAK, 4-hydroxyderricin was the most effective principle in stimulating myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In three cellular muscle atrophy models with C2C12 myoblasts damaged by dexamethasone or cancer cell-conditioned medium, 4-hydroxyderricin protected the myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation through suppressing expressions of MAFbx, MuRF-1 and myostatin. These results suggest that the ethanol extract and its active principle, 4-hydroxyderricin from AK, can overcome the muscle atrophy through double mechanisms of decreasing muscle protein degradation and activating myoblast differentiation.
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Gowda, B., M. Sar, X. Mu, J. Cidlowski, and T. Welbourne. "Coordinate modulation of glucocorticoid receptor and glutaminase gene expression in LLC-PK1-F+ cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 3 (1996): C825—C831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.3.c825.
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The effect of glucocorticoid receptor on glutaminase gene expression and related glutamine metabolism was studied in proximal tubule-like LCC-PK1-F+ cells. These cells express functional glucocorticoid receptors as demonstrated by immunoreactivity with antiglucocorticoid receptor antibody, specific ligand binding, and a 14-fold increase in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene activity after exposure to dexamethasone (10(-6)M). Dexamethasone exposure for 18 h increased glutaminase mRNA and activity by 32 and 42%, respectively (both P< 0.05, paired t-test), associated with a small (9%) but significant increase in glutamine utilization (P<0.05). In an effort to elicit a greater response, endogenous glucocorticoid receptors were supplemented by transfecting cells with a plasmid, pMAMGR, expressing the rat glucocorticoid receptor gene. Transfected cells expressed a 39-fold increase in CAT activity with dexamethasone treatment, confirming a higher level of functional receptors, but glutaminase mRNA and activity were now decreased by 34 and 32%, respectively, associated with a 15% fall in glutamine utilization after 18-h exposure to dexamethasone. This biphasic response in glutaminase gene expression was mirrored by glucocorticoid receptor mRNA that increased 41% after dexamethasone in LLC-PK(1)-F+ cells, but decreased 63% after transfection (both P<0.05). These findings are consonant with glucocorticoid receptor gene modulation of glutaminase gene expression and glutamine utilization.
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Silverstone, A. E., D. E. Frazier, N. C. Fiore, J. A. Soults та T. A. Gasiewicz. "Dexamethasone, β-Estradiol, and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Elicit Thymic Atrophy through Different Cellular Targets". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 126, № 2 (1994): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1994.1114.
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Zhong, Yinghui, and Ravi V. Bellamkonda. "Dexamethasone-coated neural probes elicit attenuated inflammatory response and neuronal loss compared to uncoated neural probes." Brain Research 1148 (May 2007): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.024.
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Romanou, Vasiliki, Evangelia Koukaki, Vasiliki Chantziara, et al. "Dexamethasone in the Treatment of COVID-19: Primus Inter Pares?" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 6 (2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060556.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread globally, becoming a huge public health challenge. Even though the vast majority of patients are asymptomatic, some patients present with pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and death. It has been shown in several studies that the severity and clinical outcomes are related to dysregulated antiviral immunity and enhanced and persistent systemic inflammation. Corticosteroids have been used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, as they are reported to elicit benefits by reducing lung inflammation and inflammation-induced lung injury. Dexamethasone has gained a major role in the therapeutic algorithm of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen or on mechanical ventilation. Its wide anti-inflammatory action seems to form the basis for its beneficial action, taming the overwhelming “cytokine storm”. Amid a plethora of scientific research on therapeutic options for COVID-19, there are still unanswered questions about the right timing, right dosing, and right duration of the corticosteroid treatment. The aim of this review article was to summarize the data on the dexamethasone treatment in COVID-19 and outline the clinical considerations of corticosteroid therapy in these patients.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dexamethasone elixir"
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Fazel, Mahdieh, Kellie Goodlet, Paul Myrdal, and Kelly Karlage. "Stability of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Miracle Mouthwash Formulations Containing Diphenhydramine and Dexamethasone Elixir." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614108.
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Class of 2015 Abstract<br>Objectives: To assess the solubility and stability of tetracycline in compounded miracle mouthwash solutions over time, and at different temperatures (room temperature versus refrigerated) and pH (unaltered versus pH 7).
Methods: Miracle mouthwash (MMW) solutions were compounded using tetracycline HCl capsules and 1:1 pseudo-dexamethasone elixir and diphenhydramine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the tetracycline concentrations in the MMW samples tested. Data on tetracycline crystal composition over time were also collected using powder x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
Results: For the tetracycline MMW solutions stored at room temperature, only 16% of the original tetracycline remained in solution after 24 hours, stabilizing at 65-81 mcg/mL on day 5 then decreasing further down to 45 mcg/mL by day 15. Similar results were obtained for the refrigerated tetracycline MMW solution (11% of original concentration after 5 days, with a decrease from 31-54 mcg/mL on day 5 to 22 mcg/mL on day 15). Tetracycline concentrations appeared to undergo a steeper decline in MMW solutions of pH 7 than in unadjusted MMW solutions (pH 4.68). All MMW samples exhibited a conversion from tetracycline HCl to tetracycline hexahydrate.
Conclusions: Tetracycline solubility decreases rapidity in MMW within 24 hours of compounding regardless of temperature. MMW solutions at pH 7 may have further reduced solubility. Stability decreases at a stable rate from tetracycline HCl to tetracycline hexahydrate.