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Journal articles on the topic 'DGRT'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Beddar, S. "SP-0338: In vivo dosimetry and its potential for DGRT." Radiotherapy and Oncology 111 (2014): S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)30443-6.

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2

Cheung, Joey, Jean-François Aubry, Sue S. Yom, Alexander R. Gottschalk, Juan Carlos Celi, and Jean Pouliot. "Dose Recalculation and the Dose-Guided Radiation Therapy (DGRT) Process Using Megavoltage Cone-Beam CT." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 74, no. 2 (June 2009): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.12.034.

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3

Crouzet, L., G. Cazoulat, G. Louvel, C. Lafond, A. Simon, O. Acosta, M. Lesaunier, P. Haigron, J. P. Manens, and R. de Crevoisier. "De la radiothérapie guidée par l’image (IGRT) à la radiothérapie guidée par la dose (DGRT)." Cancer/Radiothérapie 14, no. 6-7 (October 2010): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2010.07.003.

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4

Graff, P., V. Marchesi, D. Wolf, D. Peiffert, and A. Noel. "EP-1463 A TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT OF DOSE GUIDED RADIOTHERAPY (DGRT) FOR HEAD AND NECK IMRT PATIENTS." Radiotherapy and Oncology 103 (May 2012): S558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71796-6.

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5

Lukac, D., V. Vidovic, J. Krnjaic, V. Visnjic, and R. Sevic. "Quantitative-genetic analysis of intensity growth of gilts fertile breed and their hybrids in the nucleus farm." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 31, no. 2 (2015): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1502193l.

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The paper analyzes the 2760 gilts four different genotypes, two of which are pure bred Landrace (429 gilts) and Yorkshire (421 gilts) and two hybrid F1(YxL) (999 gilts) and F1(LxY) (911 gilts), tested in the period from 2010 to 2011.Analyzed by the following traits of intensity growth: weight at weaning (WW), daily gain at suckling (DGS), weight in rearing (WR), daily gain at rearing (DGR), weight in test (WT), daily gain on test (DGT), weight of gilts (WG) and life gain (LG). Due to the manifestation of heterosis effect, hybrid gilts in rearing made any higher body weight of about 3 kg, while the age of 160 days on average had a higher body weight by 7.0 kg compared to the pure breed gilts, which resulted in higher daily gain in different phases of rearing. Degree of heritability for analysis traits of intensity growth is of medium to high. Heritability (h2) for daily gains were larger (0.640 for DGS, 0.858 for DGR and 0.859 for DGT) in relation to the heritability for achieved body weight (0.584 for WW, 0.558 for WR and 0.816 for WT) in different phases of rearing. Between the most observed traits were found positive genetic and phenotypic correlations. The negative correlation found between WR, DGR and WT, DGT (rg= -0.055 to -0.108; rp = -0.010 to - 0.033), between WW, DGS and DGR (rg= -0.301 respectively -0.466; rp = -0.234 respectively -0.271).
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6

Morozova, Vera, Mikhail Fofanov, Nina Tikunova, Igor Babkin, Vitaliy V. Morozov, and Artem Tikunov. "First crAss-Like Phage Genome Encoding the Diversity-Generating Retroelement (DGR)." Viruses 12, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050573.

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A new crAss-like genome encoding diversity-generating retroelement (DGR) was found in the fecal virome of a healthy volunteer. The genome of the phage referred to as the crAssphage LMMB, belonged to the candidate genus I of the AlphacrAssvirinae subfamily. The DGR-cassette of the crAssphage LMMB contained all the essential elements: the gene encoding reverse transcriptase (RT), the target gene (TG) encoding the tail-collar fiber protein, and variable and template repeats (VR and TR) with IMH (initiation of mutagenic homing) and IMH* sequences at the 3′-end of the VR and TR, respectively. Architecture of the DGR-cassette was TG-VR(IMH)-TR(IMH*)-RT and an accessory variable determinant (avd) was absent from the cassette. Analysis of 91 genomes and genome fragments from genus I of the AlphacrAssvirinae showed that 15 (16%) of the genomes had DGRs with the same architecture as the crAssphage LMMB, while 66 of the genomes contained incomplete DGR-cassettes or some elements of the DGR.
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7

Nős, Bálint. "Needs of countries with longer timescale for deep geological repository implementation." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 6 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019042.

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Countries operating nuclear power plants have to deal with the tasks connected to spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste management. There is international consensus that, at this time, deep geological disposal represents the safest and most sustainable option as the end point of the management of high-level waste and spent fuel considered as waste. There are countries with longer timescale for deep geological repository (DGR) implementation, meaning that the planned date of commissioning of their respective DGRs is around 2060. For these countries cooperation, knowledge transfer, participation in RD&D programmes (like EURAD) and adaptation of good international practice could help in implementing their own programmes. In the paper the challenges and needs of a country with longer implementation timescale for DGR will be introduced through the example of Hungary.
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8

Vo, Uy, Mamadou Fall, Julio Ángel Infante Sedano, and Thanh Son Nguyen. "A Multiphysics Model for the Near-Field Evolution of a Geological Repository of Radioactive Waste." Minerals 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2023): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121535.

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The safety and robustness of Deep Geological Repositories (DGRs) are of paramount importance for the long-term management of spent nuclear fuel from electricity generation. The introduction of a multi-barrier system, which includes the host rock formation and an engineered barrier system (including the bentonite buffer), has been a widely used approach to ensure the safety of DGRs. The assessment of the long-term safety of DGRs involves the mathematical modeling of the coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical–chemical (THMC) processes that occur in the near-field of the DGRs and their impact on the behaviour and engineering properties of the bentonite buffer. This paper presents a review of the THMC-coupled processes that arise in the bentonite buffer as well as a mathematical model governing such coupled processes. The model is verified against existing analytical solutions and validated against measured data of a thermal diffusion experiment in a sand bentonite column. Also, scoping analyses were performed to assess the influence of coupled THM processes on solute transport in clayrocks. The results of the numerical model closely matched those of the analytical solutions and experimental data demonstrating the capability of the provided mathematical model as well as the numerical approach in enhancing our comprehension of DGR behaviour. This enhanced comprehension will be valuable for safety prediction and assessment in the context of DGRs. The work presented in this paper is part of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission’s (CNSC) regulatory research to gain independent knowledge on the safety of the geological disposal of radioactive waste.
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9

Dadoria, Ajay Kumar, Kavita Khare, Tarun Kumar Gupta, and R. P. Singh. "New Leakage Reduction Techniques for FinFET Technology with Its Application." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 07 (March 26, 2018): 1850112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618501128.

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This paper describes three novel techniques such as drain gating PMOS transistor (DGPT), drain gating NMOS transistor (DGNT) and drain gating NMOS–PMOS transistor (DGNPT) for mitigation of leakage power, which are proposed to be used for low-power (LP) applications. The proposed techniques have leakage controlling sleep transistor inserted with sleep signal between pull-up and pull-down networks for reducing the leakage power. Simulation results are derived by HSPICE tool with PTM model for FinFET process fabrication at 32[Formula: see text]nm technology node at 25[Formula: see text]C and 110[Formula: see text]C temperatures. The proposed techniques are applied on standard and benchmark circuits, then these circuits are implemented on FinFET technology in short-gate (SG) and LP modes at 10[Formula: see text]MHz frequency. Simulation results show that the maximum reduction in leakage power by the proposed technique DGPT for two-input NAND gate is 99.34% in SG mode and in LP mode it is 99.83% at 25[Formula: see text]C. DGNT technique gives the maximum saving in leakage power consumption of 97.17% in SG mode and in LP mode a maximum saving of 95.10% at 25[Formula: see text]C is achieved. Similarly, DGNPT saves 99.34% in SG mode and in LP mode it saves 99.90% leakage power at 25[Formula: see text]C with respect to conventional gates. The proposed techniques are also applied on different benchmark circuits and the results are validated. As an application of the proposed techniques, NAND gate is modified accordingly and it is used in 1-bit and 2-bit full-adder circuits.
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10

Morales-Hidalgo, Mar, Cristina Povedano-Priego, Marcos F. Martinez-Moreno, Miguel A. Ruiz-Fresneda, Margarita Lopez-Fernandez, Fadwa Jroundi, and Mohamed L. Merroun. "Insights into the Impact of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters on the Safety Performance of Deep Geological Repositories." Microorganisms 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2024): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12051025.

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Currently, the production of radioactive waste from nuclear industries is increasing, leading to the development of reliable containment strategies. The deep geological repository (DGR) concept has emerged as a suitable storage solution, involving the underground emplacement of nuclear waste within stable geological formations. Bentonite clay, known for its exceptional properties, serves as a critical artificial barrier in the DGR system. Recent studies have suggested the stability of bentonite within DGR relevant conditions, indicating its potential to enhance the long-term safety performance of the repository. On the other hand, due to its high resistance to corrosion, copper is one of the most studied reference materials for canisters. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the influence of nuclear waste conditions on the characteristics and properties of DGR engineered barriers. This paper outlines how evolving physico-chemical parameters (e.g., temperature, radiation) in a nuclear repository may impact these barriers over the lifespan of a repository and emphasizes the significance of understanding the impact of microbial processes, especially in the event of radionuclide leakage (e.g., U, Se) or canister corrosion. Therefore, this review aims to address the long-term safety of future DGRs, which is critical given the complexity of such future systems.
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11

Naorem, Santa S., Jin Han, Shufang Wang, William R. Lee, Xiao Heng, Jeff F. Miller, and Huatao Guo. "DGR mutagenic transposition occurs via hypermutagenic reverse transcription primed by nicked template RNA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 47 (November 6, 2017): E10187—E10195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715952114.

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Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are molecular evolution machines that facilitate microbial adaptation to environmental changes. Hypervariation occurs via a mutagenic retrotransposition process from a template repeat (TR) to a variable repeat (VR) that results in adenine-to-random nucleotide conversions. Here we show that reverse transcription of theBordetellaphage DGR is primed by an adenine residue inTRRNA and is dependent on the DGR-encoded reverse transcriptase (bRT) and accessory variability determinant (Avd ), but isVR-independent. We also find that the catalytic center of bRT plays an essential role in site-specific cleavage ofTRRNA for cDNA priming. Adenine-specific mutagenesis occurs during reverse transcription and does not involve dUTP incorporation, indicating it results from bRT-catalyzed misincorporation of standard deoxyribonucleotides. In vivo assays show that this hybrid RNA-cDNA molecule is required for mutagenic transposition, revealing a unique mechanism of DNA hypervariation for microbial adaptation.
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12

Hardamin, L. O. M. Aslan, W. Iba, L. O. Aslin, Ruslaini, and M. Balubi. "The growth of the seaweed Sargassum plagiophyllum using different planting distance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1241, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1241/1/012125.

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Abstract Planting distance, a distance between seaweed clumps, has become an important part to increase growth for seaweed cultivation. However, there are very few studies related to the planting distance (PD) of Sargassum plagiophyllum done in Indonesia. In this study, three different PDs: 10, 15 and 20 cm were used as treatments with 3 replications. The results showed that 20-cm PDs had higher Daily Growth Rate (DGR) than those of other two treatments. The highest growth rate of S. plagiophyllum for 36 days experiment was found in 20-cm PD (4.95 ± 0.97%/day). It was followed by 15-cm PD (4.18 ± 1.32%/day) and 10-cm (3.28 ± 0.91%/day), respectively. The mean DGRs obtained in this study were higher than those of a study of Sargassum culture done in Indonesia and an international standard of DGR.
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13

Jun, Tomi, William K. Oh, Eric Schadt, and Mitchell Higashi. "Health outcomes modelling of RNA-based versus DNA-based detection of driver gene rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e18837-e18837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18837.

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e18837 Background: There are several FDA-approved targeted therapies for NSCLC with driver gene rearrangements (DGRs) involving ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1-3, and MET exon 14. DNA-based sequencing panels miss 15-20% of DGRs compared to RNA-based methods (Benayed et al., 2019; Solomon et al., 2020). We modelled the years of life gained by using RNA- instead of DNA-based methods for DGR detection. Methods: We used the IVI-NSCLC open-source model to analyze the relationship between stable disease, progression, and death as previously described in a multi-state model. Previously reported PFS hazard ratios for targeted therapies (versus chemotherapy) treating DGRs range from 0.17 to 0.52 (Hoang et al., 2020). Therefore, we assumed that the HRs corresponding to the parameter estimates for the targeted therapy option built into the model would approximate treatment-specific relative effects of targeted therapies for DGRs (PFS = 0.3; OS = 0.8). We simulated life-years and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for a cohort of 1,000 patients with DGRs matched to appropriate targeted therapies over a 5-year time horizon. We used population-level prevalence data to estimate the number of patients with metastatic NSCLC and DGRs. We then estimated the number of false negatives generated by DNA-only sequencing and calculated the additional life-years gained if RNA-based methods were used instead. Results: In a simulated cohort of 1,000 patients with DGRs detected through RNA sequencing and receiving targeted therapy, median PFS and OS were 1.8 and 3.7 years, respectively. The use of targeted therapy (instead of chemotherapy) in these patients increased life-years by 3.46 years (95% CI, 3.04-3.90) and QALYs by 2.27 years (95% CI 1.91-2.71) on average per patient. There were approximately 235,768 new lung cancers in the US in 2021, 56% of which were metastatic at diagnosis (SEER). Approximately 50% of lung cancers are adenocarcinomas, and approximately 12% of adenocarcinomas have DGRs: ALK (5%) , MET (4%) , ROS1 (2%) , RET (1%) , and NTRK1-3 (< 1%). Thus, there were approximately 7,922 new metastatic NSCLC cases with DGRs in 2021. Prior studies have shown that DNA-only methods have a sensitivity of 80-85% for DGRs compared to RNA-based methods. At the level of the US population, this implies 1,188-1,584 false negative cases in 2021. The clinical impact of eliminating these false negatives by using RNA- instead of DNA-based methods to identify DGRs amounts to 4,110–5,480 life-years or 2,696–3,595 QALYs gained by appropriately matching patients with DGRs to targeted therapy over chemotherapy. Conclusions: DNA-only sequencing methods have limited sensitivity for DGRs in lung cancer, leading to false negatives and missed opportunities for targeted therapy. This modeling study suggests that the elimination of such false negatives using RNA-based detection methods would lead to meaningful gains in patient outcomes.
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14

Offen, Benjamin, and Stephan Hotzel. "Basis for a research project on marking strategies for a deep geological high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository in Germany." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 2 (September 6, 2023): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-231-2023.

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Abstract. Marking has been considered as an approach for the preservation of information and awareness after the closure of a deep geological repository (DGR) for high-level radioactive waste (HLW). The discussion to use markers to warn people off from – in oversimplified terms – digging into a DGR dates back to the 1980s. Based on the recent recommendations by the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD NEA) regarding the preservation of records, knowledge and memory (RK&amp;M) of DGRs in a systemic approach (NEA, 2019), the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE) has identified the need for research regarding relevant aspects of potential future marking strategies in Germany. The first elaborate and sophisticated concept has been developed for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in the USA (DOE, 2004). Far from being “one marker”, it is a monumental multi-component system. Internationally, the WIPP concept provided abundant food for thought and inspired a new wave of discussions – not as a design to be copied to other DGRs (the WIPP concept has been developed for this specific DGR at its unique desert location), but as a model for site-specific ambitions to design a marker system that aims in earnest to preserve information and awareness on-site by non-mediated means. In NEA (2019) marking is described as one approach – out of nine – for the preservation of RK&amp;M of DGRs. Marking was found to be focused, in particular, on preserving awareness. However, for a robust system, individual preservation mechanisms should not be planned in isolation, but rather “the components of a systemic RK&amp;M preservation strategy should work together, complement and strengthen each other, act as indexes to each other and thus provide diversity and redundancy with a view to maximising information accessibility, understandability and survivability over the various timescales considered” (NEA, 2019, p. 95). In Germany, there are no regulatory requirements with regards to marking. The Site Selection Act (StandAG, 2017/2023), which sets the regulatory framework for the targeted DGR for HLW, does not mention marking. It mentions, however, two points with specific relevance to RK&amp;M preservation: (1) important data and documents must be permanently stored, and (2) the DGR concept must ensure recoverability of the waste for 500 years after closure, thereby setting a post-closure time frame of specific interest. Against this background, a research project is planned to explore the relevant aspects of potential future marking strategies in Germany. Different types of markers may play different roles. And these roles may again change over time: what are the specifics imposed by the 500-year recoverability requirement? How could surface markers be combined with, e.g., concepts for the re-use of the site or possible added-value projects for the local community? Could off-site markers/monuments play a role? Who would be the stakeholders in a participatory process? With respect to deep geological markers, different questions arise, like the following: could markers within the DGR potentially play a role in recoverability concepts without negatively impacting long-term safety? What dependencies exist on the type of host rock yet to be selected? Could the same markers help warn an inadvertent intruder in the long term? The potential role of markers in a systemic RK&amp;M preservation strategy needs to be investigated by taking other preservation approaches into consideration, too. Which mechanisms could strengthen the efficacy of markers? Which could be strengthened by markers? This presentation will deliver insight into the preliminary studies preceding the planned research project.
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15

Papafotiou, Alexandros, Chao Li, Dominik Zbinden, Mohamed Hayek, Michael J. Hannon, and Paul Marschall. "Site Selection for a Deep Geological Repository in Switzerland: The Role of Performance Assessment Modeling." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 6121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176121.

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In the development of deep geological repositories (DGRs), performance assessment modeling is used to evaluate the integrity and performance of the engineered and geological barriers for thousands or millions of years of evolution of the disposal system. To evaluate the suitability of a site for a DGR, geoscientific data from dedicated site investigation programs are integrated into site-specific assessments. This paper presents the development and implementation of a modeling workflow aimed at comparing three potential siting areas for a DGR in Switzerland from the viewpoint of long-term safety and technical feasibility. The workflow follows the guidelines of the national regulator addressing safety relevant criteria such as the barrier efficiency of the host rock and its mechanical and chemical integrity in response to repository-induced influences and the long-term stability of the repository site over geological scales. In the regulatory requirements, the role of parametric, conceptual, and scenario uncertainty has been identified as an issue of special importance in the site selection process. The assessment approach comprises a portfolio of numerical models for the simulation of solute, gas and heat transport in the repository nearfield. The modeling was performed with deterministic as well as probabilistic variants integrated in an indicator-based approach that allows the consistent comparison of the candidate sites using quantitative dimensionless performance indices. The model-based assessment of the sites allows a traceable, transparent, and verifiable implementation of the site selection process.
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16

Rodríguez-Villagra, N., L. J. Bonales, and J. Cobos. "New insight studies of the secondary phase formation under repository conditions." MRS Advances 5, no. 11 (2020): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.120.

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ABSTRACTIn a deep geological repository (DGR) scenario, uranium oxidized in aqueous systems will be stabilized as UO22+ (hexavalent uranium), as a consequence of tetravalent uranium oxidation by radiolytic byproducts. Uranyl cationic species (UO22+) in different speciation forms are expected to be found at the whole pH range conditions. The importance of UO22+ lies in its potential incorporation of trace radioelements onto secondary uranyl phases. In view of the difficulty of U chemistry in natural groundwater, it is necessary to improve speciation assessment techniques so as to understand chemical processes. Raman spectroscopy has been shown as a powerful tool to analyze the speciation of various actinyl (UO22+,NpO2+ and PuO22+) and to determine the distribution of those elements which are more likely to be stable in a near-field groundwater environment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to follow UO22+ changes as a consequence of γ radiation in aqueous media under DGR conditions, and to understand the behavior of UO22+ as a function of aqueous media, which help to understand and predict the potential precipitation of the solid phases formed. In this work, the use of Raman spectroscopy adapted to the empirical analysis of different nuclear applications for initial uranium concentrations 0.04M at ambient atmosphere is shown, i.e. as monitoring tool for UO22+ precipitation as a function of pH, studying UO2(NO3)2·6H2O stability in aqueous solutions representative of groundwater, in particular at ionic strength I = 0.02 – 0.4 M and pH from 7 to 13.2; and to evaluate the effect of γ radiation fields. At 10−4-10-3 M of radiolytically formed H2O2 concentration, the amount of uranium in solution decreased, as a results of secondary phases precipitation. The results obtained will be useful to the performance assessment studies of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) stored in DGRs. The work performed provides a partial picture of secondary phase formations, as a result of corrosion of SNF in a DGR.
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Xu, Liang, Yong Qiu, Zhonghui Chen, Benlong Shi, Xi Chen, Song Li, Changzhi Du, Zezhang Zhu, and Xu Sun. "A re-evaluation of the effects of dual growing rods on apical vertebral rotation in patients with early-onset scoliosis and a minimum of two lengthening procedures: a CT-based study." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 22, no. 3 (September 2018): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.3.peds1832.

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OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to evaluate the correction results of traditional dual growing rods (DGRs) on axial rotation using CT scans and to further explore the relationships between axial and torso deformities in patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS).METHODSPatients with EOS who were treated with traditional DGRs between January 2006 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Plain radiographs were used to assess the degree of coronal and sagittal deformity. The apical vertebral rotation (AVR) and rib hump (RH) were measured on CT scans at the apical vertebra. Pearson or Spearman rank correlation analyses were used to analyze the associations between spinal and torso deformities.RESULTSA total of 27 patients (10 boys and 17 girls, average age 6.5 ± 1.7 years) were enrolled in this study. The average number of lengthenings per patient was 5.0 ± 1.9, with a mean follow-up duration of 52.9 ± 18.2 months. The apical vertebral translation, apical vertebral body–rib ratio (AVB-R), AVR, and RH parameters were significantly decreased after the initial surgery (p < 0.05) but showed notable progression at the latest follow-up evaluation (p < 0.05). The preoperative AVR and its correction after index surgery were significantly correlated with the preoperative values as well as with the corrections of the major Cobb angle, AVB-R, and RH. During the follow-up period, significant correlations were found between the deterioration of AVR and the AVB-R and also between the deterioration of AVR and the RH from the initial surgery to the latest follow-up.CONCLUSIONSSignificant AVR correction can be achieved by DGR techniques after the initial surgery. However, this technique weakly prevents the deterioration of AVR during the follow-up period.
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18

CHENG, Dong, Rupalie L. MEEGALLA, Bokang HE, Debra A. CROMLEY, Jeffery T. BILLHEIMER, and Peter R. YOUNG. "Human acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase is a tetrameric protein." Biochemical Journal 359, no. 3 (October 25, 2001): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3590707.

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Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is an integral membrane enzyme that catalyses the last step of triacylglycerol synthesis from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. Here we provide experimental evidence that DGAT is a homotetramer. Although the predicted molecular mass of human DGAT protein is 55kDa, CHAPS-solubilized recombinant human DGAT was eluted in fractions over 150kDa on gel-filtration chromatography. Cross-linking of recombinant DGAT in membranes with disuccinimidyl suberate yielded bands corresponding to the dimer (108kDa) and the tetramer (214kDa) in SDS/PAGE. Finally, when two differently epitope-tagged forms of DGAT were co-transfected into mammalian cells, they could be co-immunoprecipitated. From a human adipose tissue cDNA library we cloned a cDNA encoding a novel splice variant of DGAT (designated DGATsv) that contained a 77nt insert of unspliced intron with an in-frame stop codon. This resulted in a truncated form of DGAT that terminated at Arg-387, deleting 101 residues from the C-terminus containing the putative active site. DGATsv was enzymically inactive when transfected in HEK-293E cells but was still able to form dimer and tetramer on cross-linking, indicating that the ability to form tetramers resides in the N-terminal region. When co-expressed in HEK-293E cells, DGATsv did not inhibit the activity of full-length DGAT, suggesting that the subunits of DGAT catalyse triacylglycerol synthesis independently.
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Vaziri, N. D., C. H. Kim, B. Dang, Chang-De Zhan, and K. Liang. "Downregulation of hepatic acyl-CoA:diglycerol acyltransferase in chronic renal failure." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 287, no. 1 (July 2004): F90—F94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00358.2003.

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Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated plasma VLDL and IDL concentrations. These events can be due to either increased production or depressed catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several studies have documented downregulation of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic triglyceride lipase, and the VLDL receptor, leading to depressed clearance and elevated plasma concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants in CRF. However, the effect of CRF on the triglyceride biosynthetic pathway has not been explored. Diglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a microsomal enzyme that joins acyl-CoA to 1,2 diacylglycerol and, as such, constitutes the final step in triglyceride biosynthesis. Two distinct forms of DGAT (DGAT-1 and -2) have thus far been identified. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of CRF on DGAT gene expression and activity in the liver, which is the source of endogenous triglycerides in the circulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 8 wk after [Formula: see text]nephrectomy (CRF) or sham operation. DGAT-1 and DGAT-2 mRNA abundance and DGAT activity were quantified. The CRF group showed reduced creatinine clearance, elevated plasma triglycerides, and VLDL concentrations. This was accompanied by significant reductions in hepatic DGAT-2 mRNA abundance ( P < 0.01) and total DGAT activity ( P < 0.1), pointing to diminished hepatic triglyceride production capacity in CRF animals. In conclusion, CRF results in significant downregulation of hepatic DGAT gene expression and activity. Given the critical role of DGAT in triglyceride biosynthesis, the present study points to diminished, not increased, hepatic triglyceride synthetic capacity in CRF rats.
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Giannoulia, K., K. Haralampidis, Z. Poghosyan, D. J. Murphy, and P. Hatzopoulos. "Differential expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) genes in olive tissues." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280695.

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Fatty acids are accumulated in triacylglycerols (TAGs), in specialized organelles of seeds named oil bodies. The major site of TAG accumulation is detected in developing seed and mesocarp of certain species. We have isolated two cDNAs encoding DGAT enzymes from olives. The deduced polypeptides differ by 26 amino acids in size. However, they have high homology and almost identical hydropathy profiles. The DGAT gene is expressed in all tissues that synthesize TAGs. However, higher levels of DGAT transcripts have been detected in seed tissues of developing olive drupe. DGAT expression and mRNA accumulation in drupe tissues is developmentally regulated. Each DGAT transcript shows a distinct profile of accumulation. The existence of two different DGAT transcripts might reflect two different enzymes with discrete function and/or localization.
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Zhao, Shihui, Fan Yan, Yajing Liu, Monan Sun, Ying Wang, Jingwen Li, Xinsheng Zhang, Xuguang Yang, and Qingyu Wang. "Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes in soybean (Glycine max)." PeerJ 11 (March 20, 2023): e14941. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14941.

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Background Soybean (Glycine max) is a major protein and vegetable oil source. In plants, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) can exert strong flux control, which is rate-limiting for triacylglycerol biosynthesis in seed oil formation. Methods Here, we identified soybean DGAT genes via a bioinformatics method, thereby laying a solid foundation for further research on their function. Based on our bioinformatics analyses, including gene structure, protein domain characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis, 26 DGAT putative gene family members unevenly distributed on 12 of the 20 soybean chromosomes were identified and divided into the following four groups: DGAT1, DGAT2, WS/DGAT, and cytoplasmic DGAT. Results The Ka/Ks ratio of most of these genes indicated a significant positive selection pressure. DGAT genes exhibited characteristic expression patterns in soybean tissues. The differences in the structure and expression of soybean DGAT genes revealed the diversity of their functions and the complexity of soybean fatty acid metabolism. Our findings provide important information for research on the fatty acid metabolism pathway in soybean. Furthermore, our results will help identify candidate genes for potential fatty acid-profile modifications to improve soybean seed oil content. Conclusions This is the first time that in silico studies have been used to report the genomic and proteomic characteristics of DGAT in soybean and the effect of its specific expression on organs, age, and stages.
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Middleton, C. K., E. C. Kazala, F. J. Lozeman, T. A. Hurly, P. S. Mir, D. R. C. Bailey, S. D. M. Jones, and R. J. Weselake. "Evaluation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase as an indicator of intramuscular fat content in beef cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-096.

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The development of a biochemical or molecular marker for predicting the propensity for cattle to deposit intramuscular (i.m.) fat would reduce the time required to improve for this trait. In the current study, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) activity was investigated as a potential biochemical marker for predicting the deposition of i.m. fat. The activities of DGAT were determined in microsomal fractions of subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue, i.m. adipose tissue and muscle tissue sampled from Wagyu crossbred cattle at slaughter weight. The i.m. adipose and muscle tissues were dissected from the pars costalis diaphragmatis (p.c.d.) muscle. The lipid content (LC) of the p.c.d. muscle correlated with the LC of the longissimus muscle (r = 0.51; P < 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between p.c.d. i.m. adipose tissue DGAT specific activity and LC of the p.c.d. (r = −0.50; P < 0.05) suggesting that DGAT activity was down-regulated as i.m. adipose tissue became filled. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.74; P < 0.001) between DGAT total activity in i.m. adipose tissue and muscle DGAT total activity, suggesting DGAT activity is coordinately regulated in these two tissues. Key words: Bovine, intramuscular fat, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, Bos taurus
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Hobbs, D. H., and M. J. Hills. "Expression and characterization of diacylglycerol acyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana in insect cell cultures." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280687.

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Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyses the acylation of the sn-3 hydroxy group of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol using acyl-CoA. The gene encoding DGAT from Arabidopsis thaliana has been cloned and the function of the enzyme proved by expression of the coding sequence using a bacculovirus expression system in insect cell cultures. The expressed protein catalysed the synthesis of [14C]triacylglycerol from [14C]diacylglycerol and oleoyl-CoA. The heterologously expressed DGAT activity was found mostly associated with the 100000g pellet. The optimum activity was achieved at a neutral pH, in the presence of Mg2+, and at an optimum oleoyl-CoA concentration of 20 μM. The DGAT used the substrates palmitoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA equally effectively. In these experiments, the inclusion of recombinant acyl-CoA binding protein had a relatively small effect upon DGAT activity.
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24

Faller, H., A. Reusch, and K. Meng. "DGRW-Update: Patientenschulung." Die Rehabilitation 50, no. 05 (October 2011): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1285889.

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Vogelgesang, M. "DGRW-Update: Alkoholabhängigkeit." Die Rehabilitation 50, no. 05 (October 2011): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1285892.

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26

Doré, H., A. R. Eisenberg, E. N. Junkins, G. E. Leventhal, Anakha Ganesh, O. X. Cordero, B. G. Paul, D. L. Valentine, M. A. O’Malley, and E. G. Wilbanks. "Targeted hypermutation of putative antigen sensors in multicellular bacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 9 (February 14, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2316469121.

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Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are used by bacteria, archaea, and viruses as a targeted mutagenesis tool. Through error-prone reverse transcription, DGRs introduce random mutations at specific genomic loci, enabling rapid evolution of these targeted genes. However, the function and benefits of DGR-diversified proteins in cellular hosts remain elusive. We find that 82% of DGRs from one of the major monophyletic lineages of DGR reverse transcriptases are encoded by multicellular bacteria, which often have two or more DGR loci in their genomes. Using the multicellular purple sulfur bacterium Thiohalocapsa sp. PB-PSB1 as an example, we characterized nine distinct DGR loci capable of generating 10 282 different combinations of target proteins. With environmental metagenomes from individual Thiohalocapsa aggregates, we show that most of PB-PSB1’s DGR target genes are diversified across its biogeographic range, with spatial heterogeneity in the diversity of each locus. In Thiohalocapsa PB-PSB1 and other bacteria hosting this lineage of cellular DGRs, the diversified target genes are associated with NACHT-domain anti-phage defenses and putative ternary conflict systems previously shown to be enriched in multicellular bacteria. We propose that these DGR-diversified targets act as antigen sensors that confer a form of adaptive immunity to their multicellular consortia, though this remains to be experimentally tested. These findings could have implications for understanding the evolution of multicellularity, as the NACHT-domain anti-phage systems and ternary systems share both domain homology and conceptual similarities with the innate immune and programmed cell death pathways of plants and metazoans.
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Vallota-Eastman, Alec, Eleanor C. Arrington, Siobhan Meeken, Simon Roux, Krishna Dasari, Sydney Rosen, Jeff F. Miller, David L. Valentine, and Blair G. Paul. "Role of diversity-generating retroelements for regulatory pathway tuning in cyanobacteria." BMC Genomics 21, no. 1 (September 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07052-5.

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Abstract Background Cyanobacteria maintain extensive repertoires of regulatory genes that are vital for adaptation to environmental stress. Some cyanobacterial genomes have been noted to encode diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs), which promote protein hypervariation through localized retrohoming and codon rewriting in target genes. Past research has shown DGRs to mainly diversify proteins involved in cell-cell attachment or viral-host attachment within viral, bacterial, and archaeal lineages. However, these elements may be critical in driving variation for proteins involved in other core cellular processes. Results Members of 31 cyanobacterial genera encode at least one DGR, and together, their retroelements form a monophyletic clade of closely-related reverse transcriptases. This class of retroelements diversifies target proteins with unique domain architectures: modular ligand-binding domains often paired with a second domain that is linked to signal response or regulation. Comparative analysis indicates recent intragenomic duplication of DGR targets as paralogs, but also apparent intergenomic exchange of DGR components. The prevalence of DGRs and the paralogs of their targets is disproportionately high among colonial and filamentous strains of cyanobacteria. Conclusion We find that colonial and filamentous cyanobacteria have recruited DGRs to optimize a ligand-binding module for apparent function in signal response or regulation. These represent a unique class of hypervariable proteins, which might offer cyanobacteria a form of plasticity to adapt to environmental stress. This analysis supports the hypothesis that DGR-driven mutation modulates signaling and regulatory networks in cyanobacteria, suggestive of a new framework for the utility of localized genetic hypervariation.
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Roux, Simon, Blair G. Paul, Sarah C. Bagby, Stephen Nayfach, Michelle A. Allen, Graeme Attwood, Ricardo Cavicchioli, et al. "Ecology and molecular targets of hypermutation in the global microbiome." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (May 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23402-7.

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AbstractChanges in the sequence of an organism’s genome, i.e., mutations, are the raw material of evolution. The frequency and location of mutations can be constrained by specific molecular mechanisms, such as diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs). DGRs have been characterized from cultivated bacteria and bacteriophages, and perform error-prone reverse transcription leading to mutations being introduced in specific target genes. DGR loci were also identified in several metagenomes, but the ecological roles and evolutionary drivers of these DGRs remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze a dataset of >30,000 DGRs from public metagenomes, establish six major lineages of DGRs including three primarily encoded by phages and seemingly used to diversify host attachment proteins, and demonstrate that DGRs are broadly active and responsible for >10% of all amino acid changes in some organisms. Overall, these results highlight the constraints under which DGRs evolve, and elucidate several distinct roles these elements play in natural communities.
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Macadangdang, Benjamin R., Sara K. Makanani, and Jeff F. Miller. "Accelerated Evolution by Diversity-Generating Retroelements." Annual Review of Microbiology 76, no. 1 (June 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-030322-040423.

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Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create vast amounts of targeted, functional diversity by facilitating the rapid evolution of ligand-binding protein domains. Thousands of DGRs have been identified in bacteria, archaea, and their respective viruses. They are broadly distributed throughout the microbial world, with enrichment observed in certain taxa and environments. The diversification machinery works through a novel mechanism termed mutagenic retrohoming, whereby nucleotide sequence information is copied from an invariant DNA template repeat (TR) into an RNA intermediate, selectively mutagenized at TR adenines during cDNA synthesis by a DGR-encoded reverse transcriptase, and transferred to a variable repeat (VR) region within a variable-protein gene (54). This unidirectional flow of information leaves TR-DNA sequences unmodified, allowing for repeated rounds of mutagenic retrohoming to optimize variable-protein function. DGR target genes are often modular and can encode one or more of a wide variety of discrete functional domains appended to a diversifiable ligand-binding motif. Bacterial variable proteins often localize to cell surfaces, although a subset appear to be cytoplasmic, while phage-encoded DGRs commonly diversify tail fiber–associated receptor-binding proteins. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism and consequences of accelerated protein evolution by these unique and beneficial genetic elements. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Ruiz-Fresneda, Miguel A., Marcos F. Martinez-Moreno, Cristina Povedano-Priego, Mar Morales-Hidalgo, Fadwa Jroundi, and Mohamed L. Merroun. "Impact of microbial processes on the safety of deep geological repositories for radioactive waste." Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (March 16, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134078.

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To date, the increasing production of radioactive waste due to the extensive use of nuclear power is becoming a global environmental concern for society. For this reason, many countries have been considering the use of deep geological repositories (DGRs) for the safe disposal of this waste in the near future. Several DGR designs have been chemically, physically, and geologically well characterized. However, less is known about the influence of microbial processes for the safety of these disposal systems. The existence of microorganisms in many materials selected for their use as barriers for DGRs, including clay, cementitious materials, or crystalline rocks (e.g., granites), has previously been reported. The role that microbial processes could play in the metal corrosion of canisters containing radioactive waste, the transformation of clay minerals, gas production, and the mobility of the radionuclides characteristic of such residues is well known. Among the radionuclides present in radioactive waste, selenium (Se), uranium (U), and curium (Cm) are of great interest. Se and Cm are common components of the spent nuclear fuel residues, mainly as 79Se isotope (half-life 3.27 × 105 years), 247Cm (half-life: 1.6 × 107 years) and 248Cm (half-life: 3.5 × 106 years) isotopes, respectively. This review presents an up-to-date overview about how microbes occurring in the surroundings of a DGR may influence their safety, with a particular focus on the radionuclide-microbial interactions. Consequently, this paper will provide an exhaustive understanding about the influence of microorganisms in the safety of planned radioactive waste repositories, which in turn might improve their implementation and efficiency.
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Scholl, Hans J. "The Digital Government Reference Library (DGRL) and its potential formative impact on Digital Government Research (DGR)." Government Information Quarterly, July 2021, 101613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101613.

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32

Villamizar, Brian J. G., Aaron DesRoches, Andrew Parmenter, and Eric Sykes. "Spatial Characterization of Shallow Structures in the Revell Batholith Integrating Seismic Imaging Techniques." Pure and Applied Geophysics, November 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03382-z.

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AbstractThe Revell Site, located in Northwestern Ontario within the Canadian Shield, is being assessed as a potential Deep Geological Repository (DGR) for Canada’s used nuclear fuel. Effective DGR establishment requires comprehensive subsurface assessment, particularly in evaluating structural stability, hydrogeological attributes, geological composition, and geochemical properties. Key among these considerations is understanding the three-dimensional characteristics of structural features to ensure the site’s suitability for long-term containment of radioactive materials. This case study focuses on imaging and characterizing structures within the predominantly intact biotite granodiorite-tonalite host rock at the Revell Site. Borehole data reveals these structures as mostly sub-horizontal mafic intrusions, with thicknesses of up to 3.5 m. They appear either as separate, discrete entities or in stacked configurations. Despite their limited thickness, most of these intrusions exhibit discernible attributes in surface seismic images due to their distinct physical properties. Some, however, exhibit velocity variations that decrease their overall reflectivity properties. An integrative approach employing surface seismic, Vertical Seismic Profiles (VSP), and borehole data facilitates the spatial identification of over 30 of these mafic structures. This comprehensive characterization not only lays the foundational framework for future discrete fracture network models but also provides important support for simulations related to fluid flow dynamics, groundwater behavior, contaminant dispersion, and heat transport mechanisms within the Revell Site. This study underscores the critical role of in-depth subsurface characterization in ensuring the secure, long-term management of radioactive materials in DGRs.
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Vachon, Melody A., Katja Engel, Rachel C. Beaver, Greg F. Slater, W. Jeffrey Binns, and Josh D. Neufeld. "Fifteen shades of clay: distinct microbial community profiles obtained from bentonite samples by cultivation and direct nucleic acid extraction." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (November 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01072-1.

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AbstractCharacterizing the microbiology of swelling bentonite clays can help predict the long-term behaviour of deep geological repositories (DGRs), which are proposed as a solution for the management of used nuclear fuel worldwide. Such swelling clays represent an important component of several proposed engineered barrier system designs and, although cultivation-based assessments of bentonite clay are routinely conducted, direct nucleic acid detection from these materials has been difficult due to technical challenges. In this study, we generated direct comparisons of microbial abundance and diversity captured by cultivation and direct nucleic acid analyses using 15 reference bentonite clay samples. Regardless of clay starting material, the corresponding profiles from cultivation-based approaches were consistently associated with phylogenetically similar sulfate-reducing bacteria, denitrifiers, aerobic heterotrophs, and fermenters, demonstrating that any DGR-associated growth may be consistent, regardless of the specific bentonite clay starting material selected for its construction. Furthermore, dominant nucleic acid sequences in the as-received clay microbial profiles did not correspond with the bacteria that were enriched or isolated in culture. Few core taxa were shared among cultivation and direct nucleic acid analysis profiles, yet those in common were primarily affiliated with Streptomyces, Micrococcaceae, Bacillus, and Desulfosporosinus genera. These putative desiccation-resistant bacteria associated with diverse bentonite clay samples can serve as targets for experiments that evaluate microbial viability and growth within DGR-relevant conditions. Our data will be important for global nuclear waste management organizations, demonstrating that identifying appropriate design conditions with suitable clay swelling properties will prevent growth of the same subset of clay-associated bacteria, regardless of clay origin or processing conditions.
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34

"DGRI-Informationen." Computer und Recht 33, no. 11 (November 27, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/cr-2017-1116.

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35

"Mitteilungen DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 73, no. 4 (May 2014): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-014-1401-4.

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"Mitteilungen DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 73, no. 5 (June 2014): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-014-1424-x.

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"Mitteilungen DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 74, no. 2 (March 2015): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-015-1595-0.

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38

"Mitteilungsseiten DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 75, no. 1 (February 2016): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-016-0048-8.

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"DGRh Mitgliedsantrag." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 77, no. 7 (August 31, 2018): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-018-0535-1.

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40

Li, Xue, Mohammad Khishe, and Leren Qian. "Evolving deep gated recurrent unit using improved marine predator algorithm for profit prediction based on financial accounting information system." Complex & Intelligent Systems, July 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01183-4.

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AbstractThis research proposes a hybrid improved marine predator algorithm (IMPA) and deep gated recurrent unit (DGRU) model for profit prediction in financial accounting information systems (FAIS). The study addresses the challenge of real-time processing performance caused by the increasing complexity of hybrid networks due to the growing size of datasets. To enable effective comparison, a new dataset is created using 15 input parameters from the original Chinese stock market Kaggle dataset. Additionally, five DGRU-based models are developed, including chaotic MPA (CMPA) and the nonlinear MPA (NMPA), as well as the best Levy-based variants, such as the dynamic Levy flight chimp optimization algorithm (DLFCHOA) and the Levy-base gray wolf optimization algorithm (LGWO). The results indicate that the most accurate model for profit forecasting among the tested algorithms is DGRU-IMPA, followed by DGRU-NMPA, DGRU-LGWO, DGRU-DLFCHOA, DGRU-CMPA, and traditional DGRU. The findings highlight the potential of the proposed hybrid model to improve profit prediction accuracy in FAIS, leading to enhanced decision-making and financial management.
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41

Tan, Tao, Shixin Xiu, Yuzi Jiang, Shiqi Liu, Dejun Zhu, Yantao Shen, and Meiqin Guo. "Experimental study and characteristic analysis of vacuum arc between cup-type axial magnetic contacts under different diameter-to-gap ratios." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 7 (July 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0153155.

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Since vacuum circuit breakers gradually advanced to higher voltage levels, axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts have drawn a great deal of attention due to their excellent breaking ability. The cup-type AMF contact is a common kind of AMF contact, which has much potential in contact design and application of high voltage grade systems due to the advantages of strong structural strength, uniform magnetic field distribution, lower resistance, etc. This study analyzes the arcing characteristics of a cup-type AMF contact with a large slotted rotation angle at various diameter-to-gap ratios (DGRs). The arcing process is divided into five stages as follows: initial diffusion, contracting, fully constricted, re-diffusion, and extinguished. Arc self-rotation and anode separation phenomena in the re-diffusion stage appear when the DGR is 58/24. The reasons for these occurrences were discussed and explained with regard to the magnetic field vector's spatial distribution. The duration of each stage and the current threshold of a fully constricted arc will both differ with the change of the DGR. The structural parameters of the fully constricted arc were computed through the method of imaging the luminous intensity distribution after the arc was fully constricted. The source of the change in the arc voltage can be seen in the variation of arc structural parameters, which also reflect anode activity intensity to a certain extent. The transient magnetic field simulation method was used to explain why the arc under the same instantaneous current shows variable morphology at the extinguished stage and contracting stage in one arcing process. The research results presented in the article can be used as a reference for developing high-voltage cup-type AMF contacts.
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42

Caetano, Celina M., Aleksandra Sliwinska, Parvathy Madhavan, James Grady, and Carl D. Malchoff. "Empiric Determination of the Daily Glucocorticoid Replacement Dose in Adrenal Insufficiency." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, no. 11 (September 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa145.

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Abstract Background For the treatment of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in adults, the Endocrine Society’s recommended daily glucocorticoid replacement dose (DGRD) is 15 to 25 mg hydrocortisone (HC), which is approximately 1.7 times the reported mean daily cortisol production rate. Prolonged glucocorticoid overtreatment causes multiple morbidities. Hypothesis We tested the hypotheses that the DGRD, empirically determined by individual patient titration, is lower than that of the Endocrine Society guidelines and tolerated without evidence of glucocorticoid under-replacement. Methods We empirically determined the DGRD in 25 otherwise healthy adults with AI by titrating the DGRD to the lowest dose tolerated as judged by body mass index, blood pressure, serum sodium concentration and AI symptoms. Patients received either HC or prednisone (PRED). The HC equivalent of PRED was assumed to be 4:1. Results The mean empirically determined DGRD, expressed as HC equivalent, was significantly less than the midpoint of the Endocrine Society’s recommended DGRD (7.6 ± 3.5 mg/m2 vs 11.8 mg/m2; P &lt; 0.001). The DGRD in the adrenalectomy group was not significantly different than the DGRD of those with other AI causes (7.9 ± 4.0 mg/m2 vs 7.3 ± 3.1 mg/m2; P = ns), demonstrating that the empirically determined DGRD was not biased by residual cortisol secretion. There was no evidence of glucocorticoid under-replacement as determined by measured biometrics and AI symptoms. Conclusions We conclude that an empirically determined DGRD is significantly lower than that of the Endocrine Society guidelines and tolerated without evidence of glucocorticoid under-replacement.
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Simon, Dániel Ábel, Dávid Zoltán Pirityi, and Tamás Bárány. "Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: microwave and thermomechanical approaches." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (October 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73543-w.

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Abstract We devulcanized ground tire rubber (GTR) in a laboratory microwave oven and an internal mixer, measured the soluble content and the cross-link density of the samples, and then used Horikx’s analysis. The results showed that microwave treatment caused severe degradation of the polymer chains, while in the case of thermomechanical devulcanization, the selective scission of covalent cross-links is more common. Four devulcanized ground tire rubber (dGTR) samples were chosen for further study and three groups of samples were produced: dGTR samples containing vulcanizing agents and different amounts of paraffin oil (dGTR-based mixtures), natural rubber-based rubber mixtures with different dGTR contents and reference rubber mixtures with dGTR-based mixtures (increased vulcanizing agent contents). Cure characteristics showed a plasticizer-like effect of dGTR. Tensile and tear strength decreased drastically with increasing dGTR content; however, elongation at break values did not follow such a trend. Mechanical properties improved with increased vulcanizing agent contents. The examined properties of the samples improved even further with the use of thermomechanically devulcanized samples. Horikx’s analysis showed that this is attributable to moderate polymer chain scission.
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Dottermusch, Matthias, Alice Ryba, Franz L. Ricklefs, Jörg Flitsch, Simone Schmid, Markus Glatzel, Wolfgang Saeger, Julia E. Neumann, and Ulrich Schüller. "Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with PIT1/SF1 co-expression show distinct clinicopathological and molecular features." Acta Neuropathologica 147, no. 1 (January 16, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-024-02686-1.

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AbstractPituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are classified according to cell lineage, which requires immunohistochemistry for adenohypophyseal hormones and the transcription factors (TFs) PIT1, SF1, and TPIT. According to the current WHO 2022 classification, PitNETs with co-expression of multiple TFs are termed “plurihormonal”. Previously, PIT1/SF1 co-expression was prevailingly reported in PitNETs, which otherwise correspond to the somatotroph lineage. However, little is known about such tumors and the WHO classification has not recognized their significance. We compiled an in-house case series of 100 tumors, previously diagnosed as somatotroph PitNETs. Following TF staining, histopathological features associated with PIT1/SF1 co-expression were assessed. Integration of in-house and publicly available sample data allowed for a meta-analysis of SF1-associated clinicopathological and molecular features across a total of 270 somatotroph PitNETs. The majority (74%, 52/70) of our densely granulated somatotroph PitNETs (DGST) unequivocally co-expressed PIT1 and SF1 (DGST-PIT1/SF1). None (0%, 0/30) of our sparsely granulated somatotroph PitNETs (SGST) stained positive for SF1 (SGST-PIT1). Among DGST, PIT1/SF1 co-expression was significantly associated with scarce FSH/LH expression and fewer fibrous bodies compared to DGST-PIT1. Integrated molecular analyses including publicly available samples confirmed that DGST-PIT1/SF1, DGST-PIT1 and SGST-PIT1 represent distinct tumor subtypes. Clinicopathological meta-analyses indicated that DGST-PIT1 respond more favorably towards treatment with somatostatin analogs compared to DGST-PIT1/SF1, while both these subtypes show an overall less aggressive clinical course than SGST-PIT1. In this study, we spotlight that DGST with co-expression of PIT1 and SF1 represent a common, yet underrecognized, distinct PitNET subtype. Our study questions the rationale of generally classifying such tumors as “plurihormonal”, and calls for a refinement of the WHO classification. We propose the term “somatogonadotroph PitNET”.
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Handa, Sumit, Andres Reyna, Timothy Wiryaman, and Partho Ghosh. "Determinants of adenine-mutagenesis in diversity-generating retroelements." Nucleic Acids Research, December 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1240.

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Abstract Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) vary protein sequences to the greatest extent known in the natural world. These elements are encoded by constituents of the human microbiome and the microbial ‘dark matter’. Variation occurs through adenine-mutagenesis, in which genetic information in RNA is reverse transcribed faithfully to cDNA for all template bases but adenine. We investigated the determinants of adenine-mutagenesis in the prototypical Bordetella bacteriophage DGR through an in vitro system composed of the reverse transcriptase bRT, Avd protein, and a specific RNA. We found that the catalytic efficiency for correct incorporation during reverse transcription by the bRT-Avd complex was strikingly low for all template bases, with the lowest occurring for adenine. Misincorporation across a template adenine was only somewhat lower in efficiency than correct incorporation. We found that the C6, but not the N1 or C2, purine substituent was a key determinant of adenine-mutagenesis. bRT-Avd was insensitive to the C6 amine of adenine but recognized the C6 carbonyl of guanine. We also identified two bRT amino acids predicted to nonspecifically contact incoming dNTPs, R74 and I181, as promoters of adenine-mutagenesis. Our results suggest that the overall low catalytic efficiency of bRT-Avd is intimately tied to its ability to carry out adenine-mutagenesis.
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46

"Mitteilungen der DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 80, no. 4 (May 2021): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-021-01011-5.

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"Mitteilungen der DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 80, no. 1 (February 2021): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-021-00963-y.

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48

"Mitteilungen der DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 80, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-021-00993-6.

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"Mitteilungen der DGRh." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 81, no. 6 (July 29, 2022): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-022-01246-w.

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50

"Editorial der DGRI." Computer und Recht 32, no. 10 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/cr-2016-1004.

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