Journal articles on the topic 'Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions'
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1
Islam, Farzana, and Gulshan Ara Akhter. "Child abuse in Bangladesh." Ibrahim Medical College Journal 9, no. 1 (May 7, 2016): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v9i1.27635.
Abstract:
In Bangladesh, a large number of children are deprived of their basic human rights due to unacceptable health, nutrition, education as well as social conditions. In addition, children are exposed to severe forms of sexual, physical and mental abuses at home, in the work place, in institutions and other public places. The nature and extent of violence against children irrespective of age, sex and class has been increasing day by day. These include physical torture, rape, homicide and sometimes heinous attacks with acid. Children are also victims of child labor and trafficking, both of which are treated as the most severe form of child exploitation and child abuse in the world today. This review article is aimed to focus on the present situation of various forms of child abuses in our country. Data collection is based on secondary sources of information from Dhaka Medical College Hospital, One Stop Crisis Center (OCC),UNICEF, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, several Dhaka based organizations and news paper clipping.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(1): 18-21
2
Z, Jabbar. "Pattern of Eye Diseases in Dhaka City District Level and Village Areas in Bangladesh." Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajo-16000210.
Abstract:
Background: Ocular morbid conditions are responsible for partial or total blindness. Ocular morbidities by its sheer magnitude form an enormous problem, not only in human suffering, but also in terms of economic loss and social burden. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of eye Diseases. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. This study was done in Dhaka city, different districts of Dhaka Division and different Upazilla of Dhaka district. From these three sites 3124 patients were randomly selected. All the members of a family were cross-examined and then diseased individuals were isolated for detail history taking and clinical assessment. Results: The results revealed that 3124 study subjects were had ocular morbidity. Common ocular morbidity was 1153 had Refractive error (36.9%), 105 had Cataract, 15(0.5) had Glaucoma, 63(2.0) had Chronic Dacryocystitis, 14(0.4) had Pterygium, 6(0.2) had Diabetic Retinopathy, 56(0.2) had Retinitis pigmentosa and 1763 (56.4) others. Males were more affected as compared to females. It was observed that as the age increases the prevalence of ocular morbidity increases. Conclusion: The leading cause of eye diseases in this study was Refractive error, Cataract, Glaucoma, Chronic Dacryocystitis, Pterygium, Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinitis pigmentosa and others etc.
3
Reza, Md Hasan, and Nicole F. Bromfield. "Poverty, Vulnerability and Everyday Resilience: How Bangladeshi Street Children Manage Economic Challenges through Financial Transactions on the Streets." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 5 (June 25, 2018): 1105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy047.
Abstract:
Abstract In Bangladesh, an estimated one to three million street children face poverty, violence and social stigma daily. This qualitative study of seventy-five child participants from three sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh, explores how street children in Bangladesh engage in financial transactions in their social networks to build resiliency and sustain contextual well-being under conditions of extreme adversity. For these street children, contextual well-being refers to the context of living and surviving on the street (i.e. access to food, shelter, safety, sense of belonging). Our findings indicate that both significant vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in street children’s lives are common across participants. Daily life for these children consists of attaining money and then spending it quickly as a means of survival. Significant vulnerabilities for these children are the need to engage in daily income generation along with income uncertainty; an adaptive response among the participants is the engagement in financial transactions within their peer networks. Findings also show that street children are deeply embedded in these social networks, which work to sustain their well-being. We argue that interventions for Bangladeshi street children should be peer-based, grounded in a strengths perspective, and promote resilience.
4
Rahman, Md Mostafizur, Asikunnaby, Saadmaan Jubayer Khan, Anuva Arony, Zahid Al Mamun, Nawwar Fatima Procheta, Mohammed Sadman Sakib, Komal Raj Aryal, Farzana Rahman, and Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam. "Mental Health Condition among University Students of Bangladesh during the Critical COVID-19 Period." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 4617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154617.
Abstract:
Bangladesh’s education sector has been in a state of flux since COVID-19. During the pandemic, all university campuses were closed. There was a mental health issue among the students. This study aims to examine the mental health condition and the determinants that contribute to adverse mental health conditions among university students of Bangladesh. A survey was performed online among university students in Bangladesh, in mid-June 2020 when averaging 3345 affected cases of the population daily. The convenience sampling technique was used and the survey gathered data from 365 university students. The relationship between general information and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) subscales of university students was determined. The questionnaire was administered to respondents during the pandemic, which ensured fast replies. Linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. University students indicated normal levels of depression (30.41%), anxiety (43.29%), and stress (47.40%). However, a disproportionate number of extremely depressed, anxious, and stressed university students suggested a mental health status of concern. There were significant connections between the individual’s opinion of social satisfaction, mental health concerns, and the present location’s safety with an undesirable mental health condition. Female students were shown to be much more anxious and stressed than male students. Capital Dhaka city students were more depressed and anxious than students outside of Dhaka. Financial and psychological support for students may help mitigate the psychological impact. Authorities should make effective efforts to reduce mental health problems among these students. This research may aid organizations, health care providers, and social workers in their attempts to prepare for and respond to pandemics.
5
Rozy, Shamima Akter, and Sourav Kumar Ghosh. "Application of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck’s Theories Based on Sociological Study on Women’s Demographic Change in Dhaka City." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss2pp311-323.
Abstract:
Globalization and reflexive modernization are the main reasons for the development of the current social system. The discussion on women's demographic change in Bangladesh is not new rather than this must be voiced issue. Women are playing a significant role in various sectors in the country. Women are making themselves strongly changing socio-economic conditions, not only by indulging in household chores but also involving themselves in different sectors like RMG, banking, IT, teaching, and so on. By discussing some of the theories of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck, presenting the current social context of the women of Bangladesh which has shown how they are self-conscious and self-reliant. These theoretical standpoints have been used to identify causes, consequences, and adaptation mechanisms to deal with the modern social system. This study highlights how relationship patterns and labor markets are changing due to globalization. It also analyzes the responsible elements and symptoms of the individualization of women in Bangladesh. The recent conflicting interests, love, and sexual life are investigated in this paper.
6
Islam, Sirajul, Mahmuda Jahan Papia, and Sabrina Yesmin. "The Rural-Urban Migration and its Socio-Economic Consequences: A Study on the Rayerbazar Area of Dhaka City." International Journal of Publication and Social Studies 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5050.v7i1.4452.
Abstract:
Movement from villages to cities is a crucial issue for Bangladesh. It influences both urban and rural socio-economic conditions. This paper basically focuses the influences of movement from different rural areas to Rayerbazar area in Dhaka. The questionnaire survey is used to find out the required results. Researchers divide the reasons of rural-urban (RU) migration into four categories as; economic, social, political and personal. This paper shows economic impact and social impact of rural-urban migration. Structural Equation Model (SEM) shows that RU migration due to social, and economic reasons has positive economic impact but RU migration due to political and personal reasons has negative economic impact. RU migration for social and economic reasons have negative social impact but political and personal reasons have positive social impact. Internal movement is one of the biggest problems for Dhaka city which could be reduced by ensuring sufficient income generating opportunities in villages.
7
Ahmed, Saleh, and Mahbubur Meenar. "Just Sustainability in the Global South: A Case Study of the Megacity of Dhaka." Journal of Developing Societies 34, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18806740.
Abstract:
Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, accommodates 18 million people and is one of the largest megacities in the world. A large share of its population is poor and lives in informal settlements which can be called slums. In addition to precarious and unhealthy living conditions, these slum dwellers lack formal land tenure rights and therefore are subject to government-supported evictions. Slum evictions due to various urban development pressures may bring short-term benefits to the urban real estate market but have adverse long-term effects on sustainability and livelihoods of the city’s poor residents. Using the conceptual lens of just sustainability (JS)—which facilitates an investigation of the normative and practical challenges of sustainability and environmental justice—the authors argue that urban development in Dhaka needs to ensure social justice and sustainability. While the geographic focus of this article is Dhaka, this study has direct relevance—in terms of policy and planning implications—for other cities in the Global South.
8
Mollah, Kabirul A., and Toshiya Aramaki. "Social-epidemiological study for evaluation of water supply and sanitation systems of low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 1 (November 9, 2009): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.201.
Abstract:
This study aims at quantification of health losses, considering social and environmental factors. Morbidity and mortality cases of diarrhoea for children under five years old were used to estimate the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost for the target households in low-income communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Water supply facilities and sanitation systems, along with hygiene practices and their health outcomes, were studied at community level. Demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects were also studied to support the research findings and give a better understanding of the local conditions. The four selected communities, Ward 60 (W60), Ward 61 (W61), Ward 62 (W62) and Ward 65 (W65), all had different existing urban services such as water supply, sanitation, garbage management and drainage facilities. All of these services existed in W62, but W60 did not have any of the services; W61 had sanitation and drainage coverage, whereas W65 had only a water supply facility. The results conclusively showed that, compared with the null (absence of services) scenario (W60), the other three scenarios (W61, W62 and W65) showed a substantial decrease of diarrhoea (1.219, 1.284 and 2.052 DALYs/household/year, respectively) reported for children under five years old. Besides urban services, other socio-economic characteristics might also influence the prevalence of diseases.
9
Akhter, Tahmina, and Othman Yong. "Can Adaptive Market Hypothesis Explain the Existence of Seasonal Anomalies? Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh." Contemporary Economics 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 198–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.444.
Abstract:
This paper examines the behavior of seasonal anomalies in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) of Bangladesh and whether the time varying nature of the anomalies is in line with Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH). With this aim the research investigated whether the changes in market conditions, for example: up and down market states, stock market bubbles and crashes, initiation of automated trading system and circuit breaker system can affect the behavior of calendar anomalies and therefore, can provide justification for the seasonal patterns in DSE. To achieve the stated objectives, this study utilizes daily general index values of DSE from 1993 to 2018, with GARCH (1,1) model, Markov switching model, subsample analysis and rolling window analysis. The findings support the existence of AMH at DSE in the form of time-varying nature of seasonal anomalies. However, not all seasonal anomalies examined in the study were found to grow weaker over time. The most important finding of this study is that the investors in emerging stock markets, for example DSE, may not learn from the past investment experiences and show the adapting ability towards changed market conditions in the same manner like the investors in a developed market.
10
Baser, Shahadat, and M. Maksudur Rahman. "City dwellers' perception of environmental hazards and risks in Dhaka city." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 47, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v47i1.54186.
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This paper examines the social perceptions against the existing overall environmental hazards and pollutions of different residential areas of Dhaka Metropolitan area. The empirical data have been collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from 180 households. The findings reveal that more than 60% of people in residential areas are at high risk for environmental hazards due to the vast population density and unplanned high-rise buildings. Furthermore, on average, more than 53% of respondents have uttered various pollutions emphatically air, dust and noise pollution which are now common environmental phenomena of residential areas for unruly behaviors of dwellers and mismanagement of respective authorities. Moreover, the lack of open space is a burning question for the city dwellers, which causes a ventilation crisis through accelerating indoor pollution claimed by 95% of slum dwellers. After all, slum dwellers are more deprived of overall urban facilities, and abiding in unhygienic conditions made them more prone to fire hazards and severe health disorders. So, the study suggests that policymakers and city corporation authorities should be more concerned and taken proper initiatives to eradicate multifaceted issues to fabricate a sustainable environment for city dwellers.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(1): 47-65, June 2021
11
Hossain, Sheikh Abir, and Md Ashraful Alam. "Socio-Economic Status of the Street Children in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i1.8668.
Abstract:
<p>Basically, the children who are in situations of poverty, illiteracy, disease and social injustice have been focused on this study and have been prioritized those children who<em> </em>sleep on streets, railway terminals and platforms, bus stations, parks and open spaces, religious centers, construction sites and around graveyard and in other public places with no roof in scale. A survey has been conducted on a sample of 101 children from two purposively selected areas of Dhaka city to gather information on their Socio-economic status by using quantitative method. Findings reveal that the street dwellers had to adopt a very precarious and humiliating life on the streets devoid of all basic amenities of life, under constant threat of eviction and harassment by the bad people and hoodlums. They work hard to meet their demands but due to their involvement in low paying informal sector, their demands are hardly filled out. They cannot improve their conditions at all even after five or more years of street-living. According to them, housing, food, and lack of jobs are the three most common problems for which they are to seek assistance and to live in the street for unknown period.</p>
12
Etzold, B. "Raumaneignungen, Regeln und Profite in Dhakas Feld des Straßenhandels – Sozialgeographische Erklärungsversuche auf Grundlage von Bourdieus Theorie der Praxis." Geographica Helvetica 69, no. 1 (April 3, 2014): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-69-37-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. The paper discusses street vendors' spatial appropriations and the governance of public space in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The much debated question in social geography how people's position in social space relates to their position in physical space (and vice versa) stands at the centre of the analysis. I use Bourdieu's Theory of Practice to discuss this dialectic relation at two analytical levels. On a micro-political level it is shown that the street vendors' social positions and the informal rules of the street structure their access to public space and thus determine their "spatial profits". At a macro-political level, it is not only the conditions inside the "field of street vending" that matter for the hawkers, but also their relation to the state-controlled "field of power". The paper demonstrates that Bourdieu's key ideas can be linked to current debates about spatial appropriation and informality. Moreover, I argue that Bourdieu's theory builds an appropriate basis for a relational, critical, and reflexive social geography in the Urban South.
13
Nasrin, Shamima, Rajah Rasiah, Angathevar Baskaran, and Hafiz TA Khan. "The Relationship between Conversion Factors and Health: Evidence from the Ready-Made Garment Workers in Bangladesh." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618796662.
Abstract:
This study examined the association between health condition and conversion factors (i.e. environmental, individual and social) among workers in the ready-made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. It used data gathered from a cross-sectional survey of 775 RMG workers in the Dhaka and Narayanganj districts. Using multiple logistic regression, the study found that: (1) achieving good health among RMG workers is hindered by various factors including high job-related demands, high noise levels, workplace crowding, heavy workloads, and low level of educational attainment; (2) job-related rewards and marital status have contributed to achieving good health; (3) health condition of workers is worse for women than for men; and (4) poor health condition is more prevalent among the oldest age group than in the lowest age category. The main contributions of this research: (1) this study develops a comprehensive framework to determine the factors affecting the health condition of manufacturing workers in general, and RMG workers in particular; and (2) it also examines the effects of both psychosocial and physical working conditions on the health of RMG workers.
14
Salam, Abdus, Md Ruhul Quddus, Md Sayedur Rahman Sheikh, Md Arshad-ul Azim, and Mohammad Enayet Hussain. "Clinico-Demographic Characteristics and Different Diagnostic Findings of Epilepsy Patients in a Specialized Hospital Outside Dhaka in Bangladesh." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 2, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v2i1.32954.
Abstract:
Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological conditions. It is a global problem affecting all ages, social classes, groups and countries. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the clinico-demographic characteristics and different diagnostic findings of epilepsy patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurology at Shaheed Sheikh Abu Naser Specialized Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh from November, 2012 to February, 2014. The patients were recruited from the epilepsy clinic. Clinical diagnosis of epilepsy was made by meticulous history and relevant clinical examination by the investigator. Routinely electroencephalography (EEG) was advised and interpreted by the investigator and MRI was advised in appropriate cases.Results: A total number of 115 epilepsy patients were recruited of which 77(67.0%) were male and 38(33.0%) were female. Most [95(83.7%)] of the patients were young (age group 0 to 29 years) and had partial seizures 89 (77.39%). Among these partial seizures most had complex partial seizure (CPS) [82(71.3%)] of which 53 (46.1%) had complex partial seizures-Temporal (CPS-T) and 29 (25.2%) had complex partialseizures-extra-temporal (CPS-ET) origin. EEG could be done in 76 patients. Among them 37(48.7%) had different types of abnormalities. MRI could be done in 52 patients and were found to be abnormal in 32(61.5%) patients.Conclusion: This study revealed that localization related epilepsy (LRE) is more common but the etiology remains undetermined in many cases. Therefore, more effort and investigation facilities are needed to identify the etiology. The high number of extra temporal lobe epilepsy (Ex-TLE) needs further evaluation in bigger sample.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(1): 3-9
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Fatima, Parveen, Mohammad Moazzam Hossain, Dilruba Rahman, Humayra Bushra Hossain, Humayra Nawrin Hossain, Fahim Abrar Hossain, and Cynthia. "Treatment Seeking Behavior and the Profile of Infertile Patients Attending the Tertiary Infertility Center at Dhaka." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 34, no. 3 (April 26, 2017): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v34i3.32346.
Abstract:
Background: Motherhood is an integral part of womanhood and being childless is a devastating experience for a woman in developing countries like Bangladesh. Majority of patients in developing countries have virtually no access to treatment. Few health facilities have provision for proper diagnosis and treatment for infertility. There is a general lack of awareness among the public regarding infertility. In the quest for conception, many couples adopt for alternative therapies and religious rituals killing crucial age and time.Objective: To find out the treatment seeking behavior and the profile of infertile patients attending a tertiary infertility center at Dhaka, Bangladesh .Methods: During a period of five years from January 2001 to December 2005, 8580 new patients attending a tertiary infertility center at Dhaka were included in the study.Results: Treatment seeking behavior of infertile patients attending Center for Assisted Reproduction, (CARe) Dhaka revealed 30% of the patients initially go to the traditional healers for the relief of infertility, 36% consult both traditional healers and doctors and 32% consulted with GP and Gynae specialist, and only 2% came straight to the tertiary center( CARe) for their subfertility. 55% of the patients attending the clinic were from urban area and 45% were from rural area. The maximum number of patients were from Dhaka division followed by Chittagong, Khulna, Barisal, Sylhet and Rajshahi. The overall primary and secondary infertility were in 63.34% and 36.66% of the patients respectively. 90% of the patients were Muslim and 9% were Hindu and 1% were from other religion. Only 32.37 % of the patients took treatment in the clinic for their infertility. Male factor problems as identified among the male partners of the infertile couples were azoospermia in 18%, abnormal semen parameter in 24%,and normal semen parameter in 58 %. Among the female partners completing investigations, 17% suffered from anovulation, 20% from premature ovarian failure and 3% from ovarian failure , with a total of 40% of the women suffering from ovarian factor, 8% suffered from endometriosis, 7% from bilateral tubal block, 3% from uterine factor problem. In 42% women there was no apparent cause in the females. Untreatable causes of infertility among the infertile couples were in 3.75% of the patients. Ovarian failure was in 3% cases, testicular failure in 0.5% and uterine factor in 0.25% of cases. 75% of the women were less than thirty five years of age where as 29 % of the males were less than 35 years.Conclusion: Causes of infertility vary from region to region so also social and cultural conditions. Financial condition also affects the health seeking behavior of the patients. For the purpose of management of infertile couples the cause of infertility is important to understand so that the options of treatment and the prognosis can be discussed with the patients.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 140-144
16
Islam, Md Shariful, Fatema Kanak, Md Asif Iqbal, Kazi Faheema Islam, Abdullah Al-Mamun, and Md Sahab Uddin. "Analyzing the Status of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Amid Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Bangladesh." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2018): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1422.
Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a collection of conditions characterized by stereo typed behaviors and narrow interests and pervasive problems with communication and social interactions. Globally, researchers are working on identifying the root cause and management of ASD. Although research on autism is at nascent stage in Bangladesh but in terms of social epidemicity, it is currently an utmost important issue. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of age, sex, birth weight, mother’s pregnancy duration, pregnancy time complicacy and genetic linkage on autism. The study also related, the socio-economic status of the autistic children and satisfaction of parent on government response in this issue. The study was conducted on 50 patients in 2 Autistic Schools (Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation and Autistic Children Welfare Foundation, Bangladesh) of the Dhaka City from June 2010 to December 2010. Study related data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire In our study out of 50 children with autism 86% were male and 24% were in the age range between 73to 84 months. About 84% children with autism were lived in urban area and about 52% were belonging at the upper middle class. The main signs and symptoms observed, was prefer to play alone (i.e. 74%). Moreover 60% children with autism talks later than age 2 and 58% had poor eye contact. During our study we have observed that 14% children were linked by heredity and 10% have siblings with same problem. Rett syndrome (i.e. 40%) and autistic disorder (i.e., 32%) were more commonly observed. From the prescription, the study revealed, physicians diagnosed speech delay in 32% patient and 8% were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For treatment physicians mainly prescribes vitamins (i.e. 50%), antiepileptic drugs (i.e. 12%), and antipsychotic drugs (i.e. 4%). Besides most of the children were treated with physical and occupational therapy but no objection was found with vaccine. During our study we had observed that, 82% parents were not satisfied by the steps taken by the government yet. This study observed that, apart from alarming increase rate of autism in Dhaka City, modern diagnosis and medication facilities as well as therapies are deficit. Therefore, the new born babies and upcoming parents are at great risk due to insufficiency of awareness. So proper awareness programs and more facilities for autistic children should be introduced by both government and non-government sectors.
17
Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim, Vicky Walters, J. C. Gaillard, Sanjida Marium Hridi, and Alice McSherry. "Water, sanitation and hygiene for homeless people." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.248.
Abstract:
This short communication provides insights into water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for homeless people through a scoping study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It investigates homeless access to WASH through the lens of a rights-based approach. It demonstrates that homeless people's denial of their right to WASH reflects their marginal position in society and an unequal distribution of power and opportunities. The study ultimately suggests a rights-based approach to work toward dealing with the root causes of discrimination and marginalisation rather than just the symptoms. For the homeless, who not only lack substantive rights, but also the means through which to claim their rights, an integrated rights-based approach to WASH offers the possibility for social inclusion and significant improvements in their life conditions. Given the unique deprivation of homelessness it is argued that in addressing the lack of access to adequate WASH for homeless people the immediate goal should be the fulfilment and protection of the right to adequate shelter.
18
Siddiqi, Dina M. "Logics of Sedition: Re-signifying Insurgent Labour in Bangladesh’s Garment Factories." Journal of South Asian Development 15, no. 3 (December 2020): 371–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174120983955.
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I draw on the Tuba hunger strike of 2014, which took place in the shadow of the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the preceding year, to think through questions of collective action in relation to shifting figurations of labour in moments of crisis. I ask how state, capital and (I)NGO priorities shape or re-signify dominant narratives of labour insurgency under supply chain capitalism (Tsing, 2009). I trace conditions that enable the invocation of (highly contextualized) non-work tropes as a strategy for controlling or reframing labour struggles; I am particularly interested in the emergence of the figure of the anti-nationalist or outside agitator and the work of sedition narratives in constructing borders between legitimate and illegal forms of labour mobilization. I show how the highly contingent global assemblages that emerge bear directly on the prospects for organizing (what remains of) the ‘formally’ employed industrial workforce in the global garment sector, holding lessons for other spaces and places.
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Nabeen, AHM Musfiqur Rahman, and Md Abdus Salam Akanda. "Association Between Economic Inequality and Under-Five Child Malnutrition: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey." Dhaka University Journal of Science 66, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v66i1.54548.
Abstract:
Under-five child malnutrition is an important phenomenon in developing countries like Bangladesh. Historically certain privileged groups have been benefited by the improvements in economic conditions inflicting health care inequality among the population. This study attempts to examine the association between economic inequality of households and adverse under-five child malnutrition using information from 4,976 children aged 0 to 59 months of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014 data. A child is said to be an adversely malnourished if the growth rate is badly stunted i.e., if z-score of the measure height-for-age of a child is more than the two standard deviations under the median. Multivariate logistic regression is used to estimate the household’s economic effect on the rate of adverse growth-stunting of children. The estimation results show that children from the poorest group are about four times more likely to experience malnutrition than the children from the richest group (OR = 4.32; 95% CI: 3.83, 5.07). The effects of economic status on childhood under-nutrition are also significant when the analysis is adjusted for child’s age, gender, multiple birth status, antenatal care, skilled birth assistance, birth order number (OR=3.43; 95% CI: 3.04, 3.87); mother’s BMI, mother’s education level (OR=3.05; 95% CI: 2.71, 3.48); residence type, and geographic region (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 2.74, 3.63). Hence, this study suggests that there is a statistically significant association between the household economic inequality and the growth rate stunting of children. Reduction of poverty and making social security services as well as maternal medical supports more available to the poor people are necessary to improve the overall under-five childhood malnutrition condition in Bangladesh.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(1): 73-78, 2018 (January)
20
Khondaker, Dr Robiul Awal, Keshav Lall Maharjan, Dr Mohammad Golam Sadik, Dr Md Nasir Uddin, Dr A. B. M. Iftekhar Hossain, Dr Md Sajjad Hossain, Dr Md Asaduzzaman, Dr Md Naorose Hasan Iqbal, and Dr Sohel Ahammed. "Role of Sanitation Microfinance on the Improvement of Sanitation Condition and Nutrition Condition of Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 1578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i09.028.
Abstract:
Introduction: The sanitation requirement for the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to certify household better sanitation, and it is the target of SDGs. Developed sanitation is that which ensures the hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. The Government of Bangladesh has a strategy to safeguard sanitation at an agreeable level for all by 2030. Aim of the study: The study aims to investigate the relationship between sanitation microfinance and sanitation condition in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in each district of Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna from August 2019 to September 2019 for five weeks Semi-structured questionnaires and face did data collection face interview techniques from the head of households. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0, two-sample ttest, binary probit model. Result: Among 120 participant households and 120 non-participant households in this microfinance program, household satisfaction in sanitation conditions among microfinance households is good. Microfinance is applicable for low economic households, where the annual income was 1501 to 3000 USD (I USD=84 local currency). Both sanitation outcomes and nutrition outcomes had a strong association with sanitation microfinance(p<.05). With sanitation microfinance improved sanitation outcome (76.67%) is more than that without microfinance (47.50%). On the other hand, the nutrition condition of under-five children at the household level with sanitation microfinance was more (90%) than that of without microfinance (48.47%). Conclusion: Earning the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) to split the number of people without access to enhanced sanitation presents a substantial challenge for evolving and least developed countries. The 1st known search into the potential of microfinance to unleash latent claims for sanitation improvements among low-income households in a developing country.
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C, Sarker, S., Nath, S. K, Al Miraj, A. K, Chowdhury, M. A. H, and Firoz, A. M. A. "Prevalence and Life Cycle in Patients with Scabies Infection-A Study in Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh." Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 5 (October 19, 2022): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2022.v04i05.004.
Abstract:
Introduction: Scabies is a common contagious parasitic dermatosis. Transmission of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis generally occurs by skin-to-skin contact, but with crusted scabies it may also occur through fomites, such as infected clothing or bedding. Diagnosis is usually clinical. Objective: To find out prevalence and life cycle in patients with scabies infection. Materials and Methods: Scope and Delimitation of the Study. This study focused the management of scabies. This study was conducted among the OPD patients in Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh and BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was conducted from July 2021 to August 2022. The diagnoses of scabies of the potential respondents were based on the set criteria. Only those diagnose clinically with scabies were included in this study. There were no scraping procedures (acarus test) done to confirm the diagnosis of scabies. Other skin diseases aside from scabies were not included in the study. Results: In our study 110 scabies patients it appears that maximum population affected with Scabies infection were aged between 0-6 years (16.3%) and 7-12 years (20.9%) and minimum were between 43-48 years (prevalence 3.6%) and 49-54 years (prevalence 3.6%). The highest prevalence 13.63% in female were in the 7-12 years and lowest prevalence 0.95% in 49-54 years. The highest prevalence 6.36% in male were in the 7-12 years and lowest prevalence 0.95% in 25-30 years and 31-36 years. November (29.09%), December and January (34.54%) show the highest prevalence in scabies infection. In Bangladesh, this three months represent a winter season. On the other hand, July to October represent almost hot condition. So from my result, it is concluded that scabies infection is more prevalent in winter than summer. Scabies infection is not serious problem for our country because the highest prevalence 50% of severity of scabies infection limited with in Moderate (second stage of classical scabies infection) category. Classical scabies is more active in Bangladesh; on the other hand crusted scabies is limited person in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Scabies is more common where overcrowded conditions prevail; it can affect any individual irrespective of social status, personal hygiene, profession, gender, age or ethic origin. These include increased number of household members, presence of other family members with scabies, overcrowding, poverty and low educational attainment. Children (l-12 yrs.) have the highest incidence of scabies as compared to the other age group.
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MUHAMMED, NUR, FARHANA HAQUE, and MASAO KOIKE. "THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY SOCIAL FORESTRY IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE RURAL POOR: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA FOREST DIVISION IN BANGLADESH." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 18, no. 4 (January 2008): 395–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2008.9752646.
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MUHAMMED, NUR, FARHANA HAQUE, and MASAO KOIKE. "THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY SOCIAL FORESTRY IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE RURAL POOR: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA FOREST DIVISION IN BANGLADESH." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 19, no. 1 (January 2009): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2009.9752653.
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Islam, Farzana, Monowara Parveen, Rezina Parvin, Dilara Begum, Humaira Muslima, Mahmuda Khatun, Mustafa Mahbub, and Naila Zaman Khan. "Child Psychiatric Disorders Presenting to a Tertiary Multidisciplinary Child Development Service in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 35, no. 3 (April 16, 2012): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i3.10385.
Abstract:
Background: Shishu Bikash Kendra (SBK or Child Development Center) of the Dhaka Shishu (Childrens) Hospital (DSH) has been using a multidisciplinary approach for assessment and management of children with various neurodevelopmental disorders since its establishment in 1991. In the past decade, a major proportion have presented with a range of emotional and behavioural problems. This paper aims to describe the types of child psychiatric disorders and the multidisciplinary team approach used in this centre for diagnosis and management of these children.Patients and Methods: Clinical records of 300 children who were assessed by the Child Mental Health Clinic of SBK during April 2004 to December 2006 were analyzed. These children were among the 1648 children who were referred for behavioural problems after having a General Developmental assessment (GDA). Children received services by a team comprising of child health physicians, child neurologists, child psychologists, developmental therapists and psychosocial counselors and a social worker. Psychiatric conditions were diagnosed using the multi-axial diagnostic guidelines of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The role of various clinics of the SBK to address specific aspects of a childs mental health condition is described.Results: Of the 300 children seen 55% were of primary school age (ie, between 5-10 years), boys comprising 71%. The majority (94%) could be categorized into a psychiatric condition. Sixty three percent had a developmental problem. In addition, with 44% children having some intellectual deficit. Sixty one percent had an associated neurological or general medical condition. It was important to note also that 54% had some form of psychosocial adversity which needed immediate help. Commonest psychiatric diagnosis was Hyperkinetic Disorders (33%) followed by Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) (27%).Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity is a common presentation among children who come to the child development and neurodisability service. If Child Mental Health professionals work with a multidisciplinary team within a child development service such as SBK, it may best utilize the multiaxial diagnosis system.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i3.10385 Bangladesh J Child Health 2011; Vol 35 (3): 84-89
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Ahmed, Maruf, Md Nazrul Islam, Amirul Islam, Md Jahangir Alam, Md Mostafizur Rahman, and Md Nabid Alam. "Outcome of Continuous Low Dose Antibiotic Treatment in Comparison With Periintervention Antibiotic Prophylaxsis in Double J Stenting." Bangladesh Journal of Urology 21, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bju.v21i2.49884.
Abstract:
Objective: To determine the outcome of antibiotic treatment regime in patient with indwelling DJ stenting having a per-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis compared with those of a continuous low-dose antibiotic treatment.
Methods: A hospital based prospective experimental study was conducted in the Department of Urology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from July 2012 to June 2014, to evaluate the antibiotic treatment regime in patient with indwelling DJ stenting, the benefits and disadvantages of a peri-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis compared with those of a continuous low-dose antibiotic treatment by enrolling a total number of 60 subjects in the department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Among 60 subjects 30 subjects were Group A comprised of subjects treated with continuous low dose antibiotic and Group B with 30 subjects treated with peri-interventional antibiotic. The patients would undergo temporary D J stent placement due to upper tract urolilhiasis who meet the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent would be taken from all patients. Urine samples would be analysed conventional antibiotic susceptibility and resistance was determined. All analyses was conducted at department of Microbiology, Dhaka medical college hospital. All patients who received peri-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis with 1g ceftriaxon was given l.v. at anaesthesia induction to obtain a peak concentration at the time of highest risk during the procedure.According to the pathogens profile and susceptibility, the antimicrobial agent of choice for continuous low-dose treatment was Cefixim 200mg twice daily. All stents placements were performed under sterile conditions applying a retrograde technique or antregrade in PCNL and open procedure under spinal or general anaesthesia. Patients were prescribed ketorolac (10mg) or Tramadol (50mg), while none of the patient received alpha blocker agents or anti-cholinergic drugs. Evaluations for UTI were performed before stent insertion and consecutively after 1, 2 and 4 weeks and/or at stent withdrawal. Statistical analysis of the result was obtained by using window based computer software devised with statistical packages for social science (SPSS-20 IBM) (SPSS inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The result was presented in tables, figures, and diagrams. Statistical test was done by Chi square test and Z test for qualitative data and t test for quantitative data. A p-value <0.05 is considered as level of significance.
Results: To evaluate the antibiotic treatment regime in patient with indwelling DJ stenting, the benefits and disadvantages of a peri-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis compared with those of a continuous low-dose antibiotic treatment, a total number of 60 subjects were enrolled in this present study in the department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Among 60 subjects 30 subjects were Group A comprised of subjects treated with continuous low dose antibiotic and Group B with 30 subjects treated with periinterventional antibiotic only. Outcome of these two treatment techniques were studied. For urinary tract infection rate the concept of a peri-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis during DJ stent implantation is known to be better antibiotic coverage and is therefore recommended by the European Association of Urology. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning the exact antibiotic strategy for the entire stent-indwelling time. In clinical routine, it is an applied practice among urologists to continue antibiotic treatment in a low-dose fashion, even after previous uncomplicated implantations.
Conclusion: In case of indwelling DJ stenting, subjects with continuous low dose antibiotic regimen had significantly less proportion of UTI, dysuria and frequency of micturition than those with peri-interventional antibiotic. So, if haematuria, skin rash and GIT disturbance is carefully managed then continuous low dose antibiotic regimen is better treatment option than peri-interventional regimen for with indwelling DJ stenting in different cases.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.127-136
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Mandal, Sabita, Shantonu Kumar Ghosh, Mahbubur Rahman, Alpana Majumder, Redoy Ranjan, Dipannita Adhikary, Kamrul Hasan, Md Ziaul Islam, and Asit Baran Adhikary. "Health Related Quality of Life among the Coronary Heart Disease Patients." Cardiovascular Journal 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2016): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v9i1.29541.
Abstract:
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in both developed and developing countries including Bangladesh. CHD endanger not only physical health but also psychological, environmental and social health of the patients seriously and many of them live without hope to improve. Thus evaluation of health related quality of life of such patients is very important.Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 217 CHD patients at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, during the period from January to December 2013. The study intended to assess their health related quality of life in terms of general health, physical health, psychological health, social relationship and environmental conditions. Data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire based on WHOQOLBREF (26) scale.Results: Regarding level of quality of life and general health, majority (51.2%) had average quality of life while in respect of physical health, most (89.9%) of the patients had average quality of health. Regarding psychological health, majority (72.8%) had average quality while regarding social relationship, majority (53.9%) had average quality and by environmental conditions, majority (64.1%) had average quality. Overall health related quality of life by age of the CHD patients was statistically significant as most (391.3%) of the CHD patients with age 30-49 years had average while majority (53.3%) of the elderly (65-75 years) had poor quality of life [c2(4)=28.42, p<0.01]. Overall quality of life and general health was average among most (31.3%) of the middle aged patients while it was poor among majority (53.3%) of the elderly patients and this variation was statistically significant [c2(10)=35.89, p<0.01]. Overall quality of life and general health was average among most (91.3%) of the middle aged patients while it was poor among majority (53.3%) of the elderly patients and this variation was statistically significant (c2(4), p<0.01). All of the retired patients had average and most (94.0%) of the service-holder had average physical health.Conclusion: The study recommends effective measures to improve the overall health related quality of life of the CHD patients in the context of Bangladesh.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 9(1): 43-48
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Samad, Tabassum, Wasim Md Mohosin Ul Haque, and Sarwar Iqbal. "Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: Experience of Managing 15 Consecutive Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh." BIRDEM Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i3.38132.
Abstract:
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most frequent entrapment neuropathies of the upper limb. CTS and diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are common conditions in patients with diabetes and therefore frequently occur concomitantly. Diagnosis of CTS in patients with DPN is important, as therapeutic interventions directed toward relief of CTS may be effective irrespective of diffuse neuropathy.Methods: This study was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka between July, 2015 and June, 2016. The initial clinical diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was made from history and examination. It was confirmed by doing nerve conduction study. After having informed written consents, a standard preformed questionnaire was filled up for each case. Collected data were checked, verified for consistency and edited for final results. Data cleaning, validation and analysis were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 20.0).Results: A total of 354 cases were finally analyzed with 153 (43.2) patients being symptomatic for CTS and among those 54 (58.7%) had electrophysiology proven CTS. It was observed that 26.0% of patients established as having DPN also had CTS. The frequency of CTS among those with symptoms was significantly higher than in asymptomatic participants. The mean age was found to be 55.99 ± 9.25 years with a range from 28 to 80 years. Majority (38.4%) of patients belonged to the age group of 51-60 years. Among all cases of electrophysiology proven CTS (92 patients), females (53.3%) numbered greater in comparison to males (46.7%). One hundred and ninety two (54.2%) patients were housewives, 57 (16.1%) were garment workers, 45 (12.7%) patients were businessmen and 60 (16.9%) patients were service holders. Study subjects with CTS had significantly higher body mass index, higher fasting blood glucose and higher HemoglobinA1c in comparison to patients without CTS. Examination of upper limb sensory nerves showed that nerve conduction velocity was significantly decreased and distal latency was found to be significantly increased in patients with CTS on median nerve examination. The mean compound motor action potential was not significantly different between patients with and without CTS.Conclusion: Symptoms and signs of CTS are mostly masked by the symptoms of DPN and patients presenting with such symptoms in the upper limbs should be evaluated for CTS as a separate entity to DPN. The finding of a frequency of CTS of 26% in subjects with diabetes with varying degrees of DPN is remarkably high. Given the high prevalence of CTS in subjects with DPN, it is recommended that therapeutic decisions be made carefully after nerve conduction study and proper diagnosis.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(3): 246-250
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Ahmmed, Md Mortuza, and Zahir Raihan Salim. "The Impact of Internet on the Youth Leadership." Business Ethics and Leadership 3, no. 3 (2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(3).99-106.2019.
Abstract:
In the conditions of digitalization of economy, acceleration of information technologies, automation of industrial processes Internet serves as one of the most powerful and effective tool for successful business activity. The active introduction of communication, information and other services form the prerequisites for the society transition from traditional ways of development to innovations, which are based on the active use of information technologies. One of the areas undergoing digital transformation is the academic life. The use of the Internet for educational purposes is seen as the key to facilitating the learning process, the formation of general and special competences of graduates, their ability to self-discipline, responsibility, autonomy and leadership. The main aim of the research is to analyze the role of information technologies in the formation of leadership qualities of young people, to study the relationship between the students’ academic performance and their leadership qualities. The analysis of literary sources and approaches to solving the issue of leadership among the young generation shows that the problem of increasing the academic performance of students in Bangladesh public and private universities through the prism of developing their leadership qualities is of great relevance. The main hypothesis of the work is the connection between the level of academic performance of a student and his/her leadership qualities. The subject of study is students of higher education institutions in Bangladesh. Methodical tools of the study were methods of data analysis and synthesis, regression method, Pearson chi-square test, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Analyses were done using data collected from 609 students of several departments of International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), a private university located in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The statistical association between academic performance and several explanatory variables was checked. Variables like age, depression, part-time job, internet for movies and/or music, relationship status and hours spend (daily) on the internet for studying were found to impact the academic performance level significantly. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that having leadership qualities is one of the key determinants of a student’s success, his/her ability to quickly acquire new knowledge and skills. The existence of significant influence of leadership on the level of graduates’ employment and the success of their career are substantiated. The findings of this study would help students, teachers and corresponding authority of the institution to comprehend the factors impacting the academic performance of the students and take further actions accordingly. Keywords: leadership, academic performance, CGPA, internet, chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, social networking.
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Mannan, Md Abdul, Sanjoy Kumar Dey, Nasim Jahan, Shahed Iqbal, SM Rezaul Karim, and Navila Ferdous. "Spectrum of Neonatal Pneumothorax at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh : A Retrospective Observational Study." Bangladesh Critical Care Journal 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v7i1.40758.
Abstract:
Introduction: Pneumothorax occurs more frequently in the neonatal period than in any other period of life & is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Several risk factors for pneumothorax, including respiratory pathology, invasive and non-invasive respiratory support & predictors of mortality have been described.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of pneumothorax, to identify underlying causes & to describe the clinical characteristics, management and outcome of neonates with pneumothorax, as well as to identify predictors of mortality in these neonates.
Methods: A retrospective chart review of neonatal records included all neonates hospitalized in the NICU of 'Ad-din Women’s Medical College' Dhaka, between January 2016 & December 2017 with the diagnosis of pneumothorax. The collected data included: demographics & perinatal data, characteristics of pneumothorax, classification, treatment & clinical outcomes. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.
Results: Our study included 83 neonates, of whom 48 were male (57.83%) & 60 (72.29%) born by lower uterine caesarean section (LUCS). Median gestational age(GA) was 36 (32-41) weeks & the median birth weight(BW) was 2,558 (1500-3800) grams. The prevalence of neonatal Pneumothorax in our centre was 2.60% & that of Spontaneous Pneumothorax was 1.53%. The analysis of perinatal data showed statistically significant differences in APGAR score at 5th minute (p = <0.00001) & in resuscitation at birth (p < 0.00001). Pneumothorax was significantly associated with RDS, pneumonia, Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) & Perinatal asphyxia (PNA), (p=0.235893) and all (n=6) death were observed in neonates who had coexisting diseases, (p=0.00226). Forty nine (59.04%) was SP (p = 0.002) & mainly observed in the right lung (77.11 %( (p=0.00011). To treat the pneumothoraces, 64 (77.11%) neonates only received oxygen therapy, 16 (19.28%) neonate needed MV along with chest tube (CT) drain, 02(2.41%) thoracentesis with needle aspiration, and 01 (1.20%) needle aspiration & chest tube (CT) drain (p <0.00001). Clinical data suggest that complications such as sepsis, severe hypotension, Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), DIC, Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) can negatively affect immediate outcomes (p=0.00025). The mortality rate was 7.23%. All the mortalities observed in neonates who got respiratory support with mechanical ventilation (MV) along with CT insertion (p=<0.00001). Hypotension, sepsis, DIC, IVH, MV and thoracentesis followed by a CT insertion were found to be predictors of mortality in neonates with pneumothorax.
Conclusion: NP may develop during the neonatal period, especially in the presence of underlying clinical conditions, and neonates with pneumothorax managed with CT drain and respiratory support (MV), despite treatment have a high mortality rate.
Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 12-19
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Nayna Schwerdtle, Patricia, Kate Baernighausen, Sayeda Karim, Tauheed Syed Raihan, Samiya Selim, Till Baernighausen, and Ina Danquah. "A Risk Exchange: Health and Mobility in the Context of Climate and Environmental Change in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052629.
Abstract:
Background: Climate change influences patterns of human mobility and health outcomes. While much of the climate change and migration discourse is invested in quantitative predictions and debates about whether migration is adaptive or maladaptive, less attention has been paid to the voices of the people moving in the context of climate change with a focus on their health and wellbeing. This qualitative research aims to amplify the voices of migrants themselves to add nuance to dominant migration narratives and to shed light on the real-life challenges migrants face in meeting their health needs in the context of climate change. Methods: We conducted 58 semi-structured in-depth interviews with migrants purposefully selected for having moved from rural Bhola, southern Bangladesh to an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis under the philosophical underpinnings of phenomenology. Coding was conducted using NVivo Pro 12. Findings: We identified two overarching themes in the thematic analysis: Firstly, we identified the theme “A risk exchange: Exchanging climate change and health risks at origin and destination”. Rather than describing a “net positive” or “net negative” outcome in terms of migration in the context of climate change, migrants described an exchange of hazards, exposures, and vulnerabilities at origin with those at destination, which challenged their capacity to adapt. This theme included several sub-themes—income and employment factors, changing food environment, shelter and water sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) conditions, and social capital. The second overarching theme was “A changing health and healthcare environment”. This theme also included several sub-themes—changing physical and mental health status and a changing healthcare environment encompassing quality of care and barriers to accessing healthcare. Migrants described physical and mental health concerns and connected these experiences with their new environment. These two overarching themes were prevalent across the dataset, although each participant experienced and expressed them uniquely. Conclusion: Migrants who move in the context of climate change face a range of diverse health risks at the origin, en route, and at the destination. Migrating individuals, households, and communities undertake a risk exchange when they decide to move, which has diverse positive and negative consequences for their health and wellbeing. Along with changing health determinants is a changing healthcare environment where migrants face different choices, barriers, and quality of care. A more migrant-centric perspective as described in this paper could strengthen migration, climate, and health governance. Policymakers, urban planners, city corporations, and health practitioners should integrate the risk exchange into practice and policies.
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Islam, Md Rashedul, Tanbin Rahman, Rafi Nazrul Islam, Rumana Habib, Aminur Rahman, Nirmalendu Bikash Bhowmik, and Md Amirul Haque. "Frequency of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Patients Having Diabetes Mellitus with Neuropathy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh." BIRDEM Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i3.38131.
Abstract:
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most frequent entrapment neuropathies of the upper limb. CTS and diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are common conditions in patients with diabetes and therefore frequently occur concomitantly. Diagnosis of CTS in patients with DPN is important, as therapeutic interventions directed toward relief of CTS may be effective irrespective of diffuse neuropathy.Methods: This study was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka between July, 2015 and June, 2016. The initial clinical diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was made from history and examination. It was confirmed by doing nerve conduction study. After having informed written consents, a standard preformed questionnaire was filled up for each case. Collected data were checked, verified for consistency and edited for final results. Data cleaning, validation and analysis were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 20.0).Results: A total of 354 cases were finally analyzed with 153 (43.2) patients being symptomatic for CTS and among those 54 (58.7%) had electrophysiology proven CTS. It was observed that 26.0% of patients established as having DPN also had CTS. The frequency of CTS among those with symptoms was significantly higher than in asymptomatic participants. The mean age was found to be 55.99 ± 9.25 years with a range from 28 to 80 years. Majority (38.4%) of patients belonged to the age group of 51-60 years. Among all cases of electrophysiology proven CTS (92 patients), females (53.3%) numbered greater in comparison to males (46.7%). One hundred and ninety two (54.2%) patients were housewives, 57 (16.1%) were garment workers, 45 (12.7%) patients were businessmen and 60 (16.9%) patients were service holders. Study subjects with CTS had significantly higher body mass index, higher fasting blood glucose and higher HemoglobinA1c in comparison to patients without CTS. Examination of upper limb sensory nerves showed that nerve conduction velocity was significantly decreased and distal latency was found to be significantly increased in patients with CTS on median nerve examination. The mean compound motor action potential was not significantly different between patients with and without CTS.Conclusion: Symptoms and signs of CTS are mostly masked by the symptoms of DPN and patients presenting with such symptoms in the upper limbs should be evaluated for CTS as a separate entity to DPN. The finding of a frequency of CTS of 26% in subjects with diabetes with varying degrees of DPN is remarkably high. Given the high prevalence of CTS in subjects with DPN, it is recommended that therapeutic decisions be made carefully after nerve conduction study and proper diagnosis.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(3): 240-245
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Hoque, Sonia Ferdous, Rebecca Peters, Paul Whitehead, Robert Hope, and Mohammed Abed Hossain. "River pollution and social inequalities in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Environmental Research Communications 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 095003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac2458.
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Hossain, Maruf, and Yusak O. Susilo. "Rickshaw Use and Social Impacts in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2239, no. 1 (January 2011): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2239-09.
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Cameron, Stuart James. "Urban inequality, social exclusion and schooling in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 47, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 580–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2016.1259555.
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Williams, Anaise, Malabika Sarker, and Syeda Tahmina Ferdous. "Cultural Attitudes toward Postpartum Depression in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Medical Anthropology 37, no. 3 (May 16, 2017): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2017.1318875.
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Jahan, Israt, Mehedi Ahmed Ansary, Sharmin Ara, and Ishrat Islam. "Assessing Social Vulnerability to Earthquake Hazard in Old Dhaka, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management (AJEDM) - Focusing on Pro-Active Risk Reduction in Asia 03, no. 03 (2011): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/s1793924011000915.
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Chowdhury, P. Dhar, and C. E. Haque. "Eco-bio-social determinants of Aedes infestation in Dhaka, Bangladesh." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16 (June 2012): e254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.890.
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Banu, Sayera, Farhana Haque, Shahriar Ahmed, Sonia Sultana, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Razia Khatun, Kishor Kumar Paul, et al. "Social Enterprise Model (SEM) for private sector tuberculosis screening and care in Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): e0241437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241437.
Abstract:
Background In Bangladesh, about 80% of healthcare is provided by the private sector. Although free diagnosis and care is offered in the public sector, only half of the estimated number of people with tuberculosis are diagnosed, treated, and notified to the national program. Private sector engagement strategies often have been small scale and time limited. We evaluated a Social Enterprise Model combining external funding and income generation at three tuberculosis screening centres across the Dhaka Metropolitan Area for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. Methods and findings The model established three tuberculosis screening centres across Dhaka Metropolitan Area that carried the icddr,b brand and offered free Xpert MTB/RIF tests to patients visiting the screening centres for subsidized, digital chest radiographs from April 2014 to December 2017. A network of private and public health care providers, and community recommendation was formed for patient referral. No financial incentives were offered to physicians for referrals. Revenues from radiography were used to support screening centres’ operation. Tuberculosis patients could choose to receive treatment from the private or public sector. Between 2014 and 2017, 1,032 private facilities networked with 8,466 private providers were mapped within the Dhaka Metropolitan Area. 64, 031 patients with TB symptoms were referred by the private providers, public sector and community residents to the three screening centres with 80% coming from private providers. 4,270 private providers made at least one referral. Overall, 10,288 pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases were detected and 7,695 were bacteriologically positive by Xpert, corresponding to 28% of the total notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Conclusion The model established a network of private providers who referred individuals with presumptive tuberculosis without financial incentives to icddr,b’s screening centres, facilitating a quarter of total tuberculosis notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Scaling up this approach may enhance national and international tuberculosis response.
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Nasrin, Sharmin, Jonathan Bunker, and Zuduo Zheng. "Worker Attitude toward Bus Rapid Transit: Considering Dhaka, Bangladesh." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2533, no. 1 (January 2015): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2533-02.
Abstract:
The government of Bangladesh is planning to develop and implement bus rapid transit (BRT) in Dhaka City. This paper presents a stated choice survey conducted to understand workers’ attitudes toward BRT in Dhaka. Survey data were analyzed with a multinomial logit model to scrutinize the effect of social and economic factors on participants’ mode choices. Analysis results revealed that males, older workers, workers with higher education qualifications, and workers with higher incomes have a greater tendency toward choosing BRT.
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Sultana, Nahneen, Ayesha Tabassum, and Abu Md Abdullah. "Dual-Career Couples in Bangladesh: Exploring the Challenges." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 6, no. 1 (February 14, 2014): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy21483.
Abstract:
With the increased opportunity of women’s education and employment, the numbers of dual-career couples are increasing in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. As a result, these couples are confronting various types of problems every day, as they need to maintain both the work and family role demands simultaneously. After an extensive literature review, the study was initiated to explore the challenges of dual-career couples in terms of Dhaka, Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used as a means of data collection and the survey was conducted on 155 dual-career couples (N = 310) in Dhaka. Principle component analysis revealed nine challenges that are encountered by dual-career couples. These challenges include childcare, family-work conflicts, work-family conflicts, marital relations, dependency on others for housekeeping and childcare, personal well-being, family activity maintenance, housekeeping, and social relationship maintenance.
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Murata, Fumie, Toru Terao, Taiichi Hayashi, Haruhisa Asada, and Jun Matsumoto. "Relationship between atmospheric conditions at Dhaka, Bangladesh, and rainfall at Cherrapunjee, India." Natural Hazards 44, no. 3 (August 18, 2007): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9125-2.
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Hasan, Md Nazmul, Afrins Farid, and Chowdhury Abdullah Al Mamun. "Social Impact of Advertisement in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Dhaka City." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 9 (2014): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-16937384.
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Jayedi Aman. "Windows for Evaluating the Impact on Human Comfort in Academic Studios in Bangladesh." Creative Space 6, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2019.62005.
Abstract:
Despite the fact that windows have a vast scale sway on thermal environment bearing in mind window dimensions and alignments, more often than not, for naturally ventilated architectural design studios in Dhaka it ends up being troublesome to give the agreeable warm condition for educating and learning within the studios due to high temperature amid summer term. As a result, electrical means are required to make non-natural condition that puts mammoth weight on the complete national energy need. This examination intends to discover a compelling window classification from accessible window setups in existing architecture studios, situated in various open and private colleges in Dhaka through simulation readings for enhancing the thermal conditions, which can be seen as agreeable by a large portion of the inhabitants, as indicated by PMV-PPD. Field examination was done to distinguish the current windows, which are utilized in architecture studios with regards to Dhaka. At that point, the case design studio was chosen and simulation instrument EnergyPlusTM was utilized for estimating the execution of the accessible window arrangements as for thermal conditions. For the simulation study at the last stage, the test points and core test points of virtual 3D-case studio were established. In light of the investigation, for architecture design studios in Dhaka, ‘segregated viewing windows’ classification was deemed as best among the chosen window classes.
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Dutta, Bipasha, and Kazi Maruful Islam. "Responsiveness of Higher Education to Changing Job Market Demand in Bangladesh." Higher Education for the Future 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631116681218.
Abstract:
Bangladesh economy has been transforming towards a market-based economy from a state-dominated centrally planned economy since the early 1980s, the pace of transformation has been slow though. The aim of this article is to see how the higher education system responds to the changes in the structure of the economy. The article argues that the higher education system in general in a transitional economy is responsive to the changes in the structure of the economy. The article, however, also argues that the changes in higher education system, especially in curriculum, would not follow a linear unidirectional trajectory. This article is built on a small-scope empirical study on three selected social science disciplines of Dhaka University to see whether and how they responded to the demand of the growing labour market in terms of changes they introduced in curriculum in the last 20 years. Having analyzed skill and knowledge demand by the banking and telecommunication sectors—the two major sources of private sector employment for educated workforce in recent years—the article makes an effort to track what kind of changes the three selected disciplines under the Faculty of Social Science of Dhaka University have made in their respective curriculum in response to the demand of the major private sector employers. The article finds that Public Administration and Economics Departments of the Dhaka University show high and low responsiveness to business sector demand, respectively. While Sociology Department did not respond to business sector demand, rather it has responded to NGO sector demand. Among these three departments, Public Administration is found to have a low degree of compatibility to business sector needs. The article concludes that the Faculty of Social Science of Dhaka University has been slow and hesitant to respond to emerging needs of the dominant business sector employers; it is mainly because of the negative attitude towards private sector in the academia and lack of proper direction of private sector development.
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Ahmed, Iftekhar. "Community, Heritage and Social Capital: Informal Heritage Management in Old Dhaka." Open House International 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2017-b0010.
Abstract:
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh has a recorded history of over 400 years, dating back to the Mughal and pre-Mughal era. A large part of the city's rich cultural heritage; both tangible and intangible, lie in the historic core known as Old Dhaka. There are several traditional neighborhoods with close-knit communities that date back two to three centuries. The communities are rich in social capital gained over successive generations of close social network. Based on this strength, a heritage management system has been developed by informal community bodies in Old Dhaka. Old Dhaka's rich cultural heritage deserves to be conserved for the historical continuity of the city. Unfortunately, the top-down conservation efforts undertaken by the Government are highly bureaucratic and have not been effective in conserving the cultural heritage in most cases. This paper explores the importance of local participatory approach of heritage management in the context of Old Dhaka with a focus on the relationship between social capital and informal heritage management in traditional communities. It also explores the key features that generally make the informal heritage management system more effective than the formal approach. Finally, it recommends an appropriate conservation approach to save the cultural heritage of Old Dhaka where there is a balance between intervention by authorities and continuity of local community involvement.
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Ahmed, Parvez Iftekhar, Shakib Uz Zaman, Ferdous Jahan, Raton Das Gupto, Md Nizamuddin Chowdhury, and Md Firoz Khan. "Pattern of Primary Glomerulonephritis in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 25, no. 2 (September 21, 2015): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v25i2.25087.
Abstract:
Glomerulonephritis are categorised into several different pathological patterns, which are broadly grouped into non-proliferative or proliferative types.4 Glomerulonephritis comprises 25-45% cases of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developing nations, like Bangladesh.5 This study has been done in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2011 to December 2011 to find out the type of glomerulonephritis among presented glomerulonephritis patients to Inpatient and Outpatient Department of Nephrology aiming to reflect the pattern of glomerulonephritis in Bangladeshi population. The current study duration was 12 months, 128 patients having glomerulonephritis were included in this study. Statistical analysis has been done using the stastical package for social science. In this current study it was observed that most (31.3%) of the patients were in the age group of 31 to 40 years and the mean±SD of age was 32.94±12.66 years ranging from 18 to 70 years. In this current study it was observed that 64.8% was male and 35.2% was female. Male female ratio was 1.8:1. According to type of glomerulonephtis evaluated by histopathology, it was observed that in Non Proliferative Glomerulonephtis: 12(10.61%) is Minimal Change Disease (MCD), 9(7.96%) is Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 25(22.12%) is Membranous Glomerulonephritis (MGN). In Proliferative Glomerulonephtis: Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephtis- 13(11.5%), IgA Nephropathy -13(11.5%), Mesengial Proliferative Glomerulonephtis -14(12.39%), Focal Segmental Proliferative Glomerulonephtis-14(14.2%), Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephtis (RPGN) - 2 (1.8%). and Chronic Sclerosing Glomerulonephritis is -11(9.7%). In our study to find out the pattern of Primary Glomerulonephritis in Dhaka Medical College Hospital there is almost similar findings in Bangladeshi and South Asian population which is shown in different studies in this region. We have some variation with Western, European, American, Middle East studies which is may be due to the difference in environmental, genetic, racial, social and economic variation.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2014; 25 (2) : 42-46
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Akter, Shohana, and Md Anwarul Islam. "Perceived value of social media in students’ participation in social movement." Digital Library Perspectives 35, no. 3/4 (November 11, 2019): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlp-06-2019-0023.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the use of social media (SM) and its influence for increasing students’ participation in the quota reform movement at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The revised technology acceptance model (TAM) was used to formulate this research’s hypotheses. A survey was administered to obtain data about students’ intention to use SM. The survey consisted of a set of questions based upon the revised TAM model. A total of 498 surveys were distributed and 304 students responded to it; hence, response rate was of 61.04%. A regression and single way ANOVA were conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings The results indicate that most of the students use SM for academic purposes and to get connected with friends. Among the social networking tools, Facebook is the most widely used by the respondents. Findings supported that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of SM affect student’s intention to increase participation in the quota reform movement. There were no significant relationships between gender and politics with the use of SM. Research limitations/implications A sample of students from Dhaka University was taken and the sample size was small. As a result, the findings of this study cannot be generalized in other settings. SM has a positive effect in the societies where change happens through collective actions. Originality/value Why and how students use SM has been widely discussed over the available literature, but students’ intention to use for it for social movements has not been studied. This study has made an effort to empirically examine the use of SM in the context of the quota reform movement in Bangladesh.
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Kabir, Thawhidul, Shirin Akter, and Zannatul Ferdus. "Exploitation of Social Networking Sites and Its Impacts on Students Academic Results: A Quest for Correlation or Misspecification in Bangladesh." Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) 9, no. 1 (March 28, 2015): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v9i1.22777.
Abstract:
Social networking sites have become the inevitable part of everyones life. Large numbers of students in Bangladesh spend a lion share of daily time by wandering through online social networking sites. So it is imperative to mention the effects of using social networking sites on the society. This study aims to analyse whether the use of social networking sites can influence students academic results or not. To get the desired answer, a random sample, constituted with 1182 university students from Dhaka Metropolitan City, Bangladesh, was drawn and surveyed with self-administered questionnaire. This study significantly found that, students achieved average results in last two semesters were inversely influenced by their hours of regular involvement in different social networking sites (SNSs), and also by the use of different mobile messaging applications (MMAs). Based on the finding, this study concludes that, students involvement in different SNSs and MMAs in terms of hours should be closely monitored to mitigate the aforesaid inverse effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v9i1.22777 Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.9(1) 2014; 23-51
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Karim, Mt Tahmina, Sharmin Musa, and Hamida Khanum. "Pediculosis among the children of different social status in Dhaka." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (March 29, 2013): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14310.
Abstract:
The prevalence of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation was studied among the children (1 to 7 years) in the area of Mirpur Bihari Camp, Mirpur-11, Dhaka. A total of 300 children was examined from February 2011 to January 2012 and 59.67% prevalence of head lice infestation was observed. The prevalence of pediculosis was significantly higher (p<0.05) in seven years aged children and the prevalence was significantly (p<0.05) higher in girls (72.62%) than boys (43.18%). School going children had higher (p<0.05) prevalence compared to preschool group. According to socioeconomic status, head lice infestation occurred almost equally in all social classes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14310 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 175-181, 2012
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Ahmed, Farid Uddin. "The Business-Politics Nexus and Violations of the Water Bodies in Dhaka City." Bangladesh Political Science Review 15, no. 1 (October 2022): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.57074/dero9339.
Abstract:
In the last four decades, Bangladesh has achieved a remarkable transformation and improvements in terms of its economic and social development. Bangladesh’s achievement in environmental governance and sustainable development, however, is far from satisfactory. Multi-dimensional tragedies have occurred in the public resources, particularly the water bodies in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Water and forest resources are grabbed, depleted, and destroyed by certain political and economic interest groups. Few studies had focused on the governance of the water bodies in Dhaka City by adopting a political economic approach. Against this backdrop, adopting such an approach, this paper explores how the water bodies of Dhaka City have suffered violations. The paper argues that the ‘tragedy of the public resources’, particularly of the water bodies of Dhaka City, occurred primarily not due to the increasing population pressure but due to business and politics links associated with human transgression. Although the population boom has contributed to the rising pressure for public property and resources, the political business links, combined with a low institutional capacity, have primarily caused the disasters of the water bodies in Dhaka City. Successive governments have designed policies, laws, rules, and regulations for saving and protecting land, forest, and river resources. The government environmental agencies, however, have largely failed to manage and protect the public land and river resources effectively and efficiently. Consequently, the water bodies have been encroached on, misused, and grabbed, endangering the very existence of the rivers and so, ultimately, the process of sustainable development in Bangladesh.