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Ahasan, SA, EH Chowdhury, MAH Khan, et al. "Histopathological investigation of blastomycosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 11, no. 1 (2014): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17734.
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Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate blastomycosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases. Among them three animals were found suffering from blastomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores on histopathology and spherical yeast cells with double contoured wall and broad base budding on special staining were used for the confirmation of blastomycosis in spotted deer (Cervus axis/Axis axis), nilgai (Boselaphustragocamelus) and horse (Equuscaballus).Present study provides evidence of existing blastomyosis and similar long standing zoonotic diseases in majority of rest of the animals with health risk that shades health safety standard at Dhaka Zoo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17734 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 81-85
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Ahasan, SA, EH Chowdhury, MM Rahman, and MA Rahman. "Histopathological identification of aspergillosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 11, no. 2 (2014): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19924.
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Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate aspergillosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases. Among them 13 animals were suffering from Aspergillosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions along with fungal spores and characteristic radiating club on histopathology; dichotomously branching septate hyphae and mycelial conidiophore on special staining were revealed Aspergillosis in 13 animals of nine species that includes four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), two samber deer (Cervus unicolor) and one of each species were nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), horse (Equus caballus), stripped hyena (Hyena hyena), gayal (Bos frontalis), beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa), water buck (Kobus L. leche) and greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Present study provides evidence of existing Aspergillosis and similar long standing zoonotic diseases in majority of rest of the animals with health risk that shades health safety standard at Dhaka Zoo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19924 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 265-270, 2013
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Ahasan, SA, EH Chowdhury, MAH Khan, et al. "Histopathological identification of histoplasmosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 11, no. 2 (2014): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19145.
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Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate histoplasmosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo during 2007 - 2009. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases of mycotic and/or bacterial origin. Among them three animals were found suffering from histoplasmosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores on histopathology; macrophages laden with histoplasma organisms on histopathology and on special staining were revealed histoplasmosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Present study provides evidence of existing histoplasmosis and similar long standing zoonotic diseases in majority of rest of the animals with health risk that shades health safety standard at Dhaka Zoo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19145Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (2):177-181
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Ahasan, SA, EH Chowdhury, MAH Khan, et al. "Histopathological Investigation of Cryptococcosis in Animals at Dhaka Zoo." Progressive Agriculture 24, no. 1-2 (2014): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19114.
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Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate cryptococcosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two opportunistic tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy for 36 animals of 25 different species from Dhaka Zoo during the study period. Twenty five among the study animals were found suffering from granulomatous diseases, of them nine cases were identified cryptococcosis first ever in Bangladesh. Clinical history, nodular lesions on necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores & both Langhangs & foreign body giant cells on histopathology and characteristic spores with wide gelatinous band around endospores on special staining revealed cryptococcosis in eight rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and one greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Present study provides evidence of existing cryptococcosis and similar long standing zoonotic diseases in majority of rest of the animals with health risk that shades health safety standard at Dhaka zoo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19114 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 123 - 129, 2013
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Ahasan, SA, EH Chowdhury, MAH Khan, et al. "Histopathological identification of Coccidioidomycosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo." Bangladesh Veterinarian 30, no. 2 (2014): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18255.
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Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a public health point of view. This study was conducted to investigate coccidioidomycosis in captive animals at Dhaka Zoo. One hundred and two tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy of 36 animals of 25 species. Twenty five animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases, of which ten were identified as coccidioidomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions at necropsy, granulomatous lesions on histopathology and characteristic spores on special staining confirmed coccidioidomycosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), one horse (Equus caballus), one common langur (Presbytis entellus), one beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) and one reticulated python (Python molurus). It is suggested that coccidioidomycosis in captive animals threatens human and animal health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18255 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, 54-61
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Azad, M. A. K., M. M. Hossain ., and A. K. F. H. Bhuiyan . "Feeding and Management of Spotted Deer at Dhaka Zoo." International Journal of Zoological Research 1, no. 1 (2004): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2005.48.52.
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Nabila, Fatima Nur, Md Bodruddoza Mia, Md Yousuf Gazi, Md Mahin Uddin, Md Nahid Al Montakim, and Md Mahfuz Alam. "Assessment of Water Quality and Quantity in the Lakes of Dhaka Metropolitan City - Remote Sensing, Field and Laboratory Analyses." Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 11, no. 1 (2023): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujees.v11i1.63709.
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Lakes in the Dhaka city have been facing extreme deterioration both by quantity and quality due to rapid urban and population growth for several decades. The prime objective is to assess the spatiotemporal changes of water quality and water quantity of the Dhaka city lakes respectively using Sentinel 2B and Landsat satellite images. The study covers the major twelve lakes of the Dhaka city. The four seasonal water qualities such as chlorophyll-a concentration, trophic state index (TSI), Secchi disk depth (SDD) and turbidity were retrieved with the conventional algorithms using Sentinel 2B images. The results showed that the Uttara Park Lake reduced its area dramatically from 1972 to 2020 due to the rapid urbanization in this region. Although the Zoo Lakes areas increased more than three times but the Banani, Hatirjheel and Dhanmondi lakes reduced to about 60-75% from 1972 to 2020 due to the urbanization and filling up the lake’s area. On the other hand, Gulshan, Crescent and Ramna Lakes reduced their area slightly about 10-20% during the study period. The chlorophyll-a concentration from post to pre-monsoon, increased in six lakes (Uttara Park, Zoo North, Gulshan, Old Airport, Dhanmondi and Hatirjheel), declined in six lakes (Zoo South, Banani, Ramna, Uttara, Uttara South and Crescent) of Dhaka city. Although the TSI illustrated all lakes in the eutrophic states from post to pre-monsoon but the value of TSI increased in six lakes and declined six lakes of the twelve point samples within the retrieved spatial distribution of TSI using satellite images of Dhaka city. In case of Secchi depth, the SDD values declined from post-monsoon to pre-monsoon in all of the lakes, indicating the deteriorating water quality of the lakes. On the other hand, the turbidity values increased in all lakes of Dhaka city from post-monsoon to pre-monsoon. We observed pH values ranges from 7-9 in the lakes during the field works early March and May of 2021. The observed EC values of the lakes ranges from 148-730μs/cm and 130-690μs/cm respectively in winter and pre-monsoon seasons. None of the samples of the lakes meets the standard of dissolved oxygen (DO) collected in March, 2021, but Dhanmondi and Uttara Lake samples collected in May, 2021 meet the standard. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) value is extremely high and none of the samples meets the acceptable limit of BOD. Among the cations, only Hatirjheel, Gulshan, Uttara, Uttara South/W, Zoo South and North Lake exceeded the acceptable limit for K⁺. Among the anions, Hatirjheel, Gulshan, Banani, Uttara, Uttara South/W Lake exceed the standard for HCO3− and Hatirjheel, Gulshan, Banani, Old Airport, Uttara Park, Uttara South/W Lake exceed the standard limit for NO3−. Uttara Lake shows the maximum concentration of PO43− and does not meet the standard limit. All the samples meet the standard for Fe and Mn. The outputs of this study could be used to minimize the degradation of Dhaka city lakes both in terms of quantity and quality and will help take necessary measures for healthy and sustainable lake environment.
 The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 11(1), 2022, P 27-42
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Talukder, Zaied, Nazmul Hoda, Pankaj Kumar Jha, Pravin Mishra, Moumita Kalowar Momy, and Md Mahmudul Alam. "A retrospective study on the occurrence of surgical affection in zoo carnivores of the national zoological garden at Dhaka, Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5, no. 3 (2018): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i3.39582.
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This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of various surgical affections often encountered in carnivorous zoo animals of National Zoological Garden, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was based on the surgical cases reported in the day record book maintained by the zoo authority during the period of January - December 2012 to January - December 2016. Of 74 surgically affected zoo carnivore’s cases; Felididae recorded highest 81.08 %, Canidae 12.61 % and, Ursidae 6.76 %. When affections were compared between sexes, it was observed higher in male 62.16 % than in female 37.84 %. Among the different surgical affections; the wound cases were observed at the apex with 29.7 % and 18.9 %, followed by paralysis 10.08 % and 6.8 %, skin injury 9.5 % and 6.8 %, myiasis 4.1 % and 2.7 %, lameness 2.7 % and 4.1 % in male and female, respectively. While, tail sore 1.4 %, conjunctivitis 1.4 % and hoof injury 1.4 % were observed in male carnivores only. In conclusion, this report signifies the common surgical affections suffered by zoo carnivores, while male carnivores showed comparatively more prone to affections than female one. This report may be helpful to develop a control strategy in managing zoo animal captivity and further minimizing these surgical affections.
 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(3): 335-339, December 2018
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Oberste, M. S., M. M. Feeroz, K. Maher, et al. "Naturally Acquired Picornavirus Infections in Primates at the Dhaka Zoo." Journal of Virology 87, no. 1 (2012): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00838-12.
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Hossain, M. Z. Haque M. S. Nabi M. R. Akter M. K. Rahman M. M. &. Akter R. "Detection and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from tiger and lion in Dhaka Zoo." International Journal of Applied Research 6, no. 2 (2020): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4288788.
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The present study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens present in feces of tiger and lion of Dhaka Zoo and their antimicrobial activities during the period from July to December 2013. 42 (twice from 6 tiger and 15 lion) faecal samples were collected from the cages of animals just after defecation and brought to the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology Universiy, Dinajpur for bacteriological examination. Isolation and identification of the microorganisms were performed by their morphology on different cultural media, staining characteristics and biochemical tests. Then, the isolated bacteria were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility analyzed by the online software ABIS Encyclopedis/tgw1916, 2014 and detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular detection of <em>E. coli,</em> <em>Salmonella and Staphylococcus </em>sp. Out of 42 samples 17 (40.47%) samples were positive for <em>E. coli</em>, 15 (35.71%) samples were positive for <em>Salmonella</em> sp, 18 (42.85%) samples were positive for <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. The antibiogram study revealed that most of the <em>E. coli</em>, <em>Salmonella</em> spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. were resistant to Doxycycline, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Neomycin, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin and Tetracycline. However, most of the <em>E. coli</em>, <em>Salmonella</em> sp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. were susceptible to Neomycin, Gentamicin and Colistine sulphate which indicate that the use of these antimicrobial may be chosen in clinical control of <em>Salmonella</em>, <em>E. coli</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp infection. PCR results confirmed 7 (3 <em>E. coli</em> and 4 <em>Salmonella</em>) isolates out of 11 in tiger and lion. Most of the isolates have zoonotic importance and confirmed the presence of either commensal or pathogenic for tiger and lion in zoo.
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Rahman, SM, AR Dey, UK Kundu, and N. Begum. "Investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores at Dhaka National Zoological Garden of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 1 (2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21245.
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A total of 52 fecal samples were collected from 21 herbivores at Dhaka zoo during January to May, 2012 to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores. Overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 76.9%, of which 61.5% were positive for helminths and 55.8% were positive for protozoa. The identified parasites were Balantidium coli (55.8%), Paramphistomum sp. (36.5%), Fasciola sp. (19.2%), stomach worm (3.9%), Ascaris sp. (1.9%) and Strongyloides sp. (1.9%). Overall prevalence of mixed infection was 42.3%. Mixed infection was observed in the animals such as Butani cattle (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Giraffe (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Spotted deer (Balantidium coli, Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola sp.), Sambar deer (Balantidium coli and Fasciola sp.), Horse (Balantidium coli and Ascaris sp.), Greater kudu (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Nil gai (Balantidium coli and stomach worm), Black wilde beast (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Impala (Balantidium coli and Strongyloides sp.), Hippopotamus (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Zebra (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Wilde beast (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.; Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola sp.), One Horned Rhinoceros (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Common Eland (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Oryx (Balantidium coli and stomach worm). Diameter of ova or cyst was also measured. Egg per gram/ Cyst per gram of feces (EPG/ CPG) were ranged from 300-1200. Gastrointestinal parasites are highly prevalent in herbivores of Dhaka zoo. Strategic control measure is necessary to protect the endangered species from parasitic infestation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21245 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 79-85, June 2014
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Sultana, Somaiya, Shahadat Hossain, Nazmul Hoda, Raihan Nabi, Golam Morshed, and Marzia Rahman. "Isolation and characterization of bacteria from dead Peafowls in Dhaka zoo of Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Poultry Science 56, no. 2 (2021): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8180.2021.00026.x.
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Chowdhury, Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman, Fahmida Afrin, Fahmida Afrin, et al. "Haematological Profiles of Olive Baboon, Indian Langur and Hamadryan Baboon in Dhaka Zoo." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 4, no. 8 (2016): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2016/4.8.411.415.
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Ahasan, S. A., E. H. Chowdhury, S. U. Azam, R. Parvin, A. Z. Rahaman, and A. R. Bhuyan. "Pulmonary anthracosis in Dhaka Zoo collections – a public health forecasting for city dwellers." Journal of Threatened Taxa 2, no. 11 (2010): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2334.1303-8.
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Raja, M. M. Rokib ur, Anita Rani Dey, Nurjahan Begum, Uzzal Kumar Kundu, and Faishal Al Ashad. "Coprological prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivores and small mammals at Dhaka zoo, Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 6, no. 3 (2014): 5574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o3569.5574-9.
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Happy, SA, M. Pervin, MS Azam, ASM Bari, and MAHNA Khan. "Investigation on to the Illness and Death of Zebra at Dhaka Zoo along with Isolation and Identification of Causal Organism." Progressive Agriculture 21, no. 1-2 (2013): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16755.
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Zebra is the member of the equide family available at Dhaka Zoo and gradually disappeared due to inadequate health management and varies maladies. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of illness and death of zebras (Equus burchelli) at Dhaka Zoo. Two zebras died on 10 and 25 January, 2010, one become seriously ill on 15 February, 2010 and was considered as the study samples. The dead animals were necropsized, representative samples were collected in formalin for histopathological examination. Thoracic fluid, cardiacfluid, abdominal fluid and blood from these zebras were also used for isolation of causal bacteria. Blood sample was also collected from the sick zebra and subjected for bacteriological examination. Results of necropsy examination revealed hydrothorax, pneumonia and septicemia. Histopathological findings revealed pulmonary emphysema, interstitial pneumonia, bronchitis, pulmonary thrombosis, exudates in lung alveoli and granulomatous lesions in lungs. Other important findings were hemosiderosis and anthracosis. Based on the cultural, morphological and biochemical tests, Pasteurella sp. was identified. Bacteriological examination revealed that the organism bears similarities with P. multocia, P. hemolytica and P. aerogenes but definite bacterial species was not identified. The zebras were collected from Africa and the bacterial nature identified was Pasteurella but definite species could not be identified; could be a Pasteurella available in Africa. Therefore, it needs investigation at other biochemical and genetic level to confirm the bacterial species involved. There occurrence of similar disease at later on was also observed in zebra at DhakaZoo and responded well to treatment for pasteurellosis; the cause of illness was, therefore, confirmed as Pasteurellosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16755 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 83 - 92, 2010
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Liza, Fahmida Tasnim, Mandira Mukutmoni, and Aleya Begum. "Gastrointestinal Parasites of Captive Asiatic Black Bear in Three Zoological Parks of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 1 (2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i1.47881.
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Forty-two freshly defecated fecal samples from captive Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) were collected between May 2017 and April 2018 from Bangladesh National Zoo, Dhaka, Shaheed A.H.M. Central Park and Zoo, Rajshahi and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Gazipur. The collected samples were processed by Formol-ether concentration technique. Altogether nine different gastrointestinal (GI) parasites were observed and identified, which include one protozoan, Coccidia spp. (42.86%); four cestodes, Hymenolepis spp. (42.86%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (28.57%), Spirometra spp. (14.29%) and Taenia spp. (21.43%); and four nematodes Ascaris spp. (57.14%), Toxocara spp. (21.43%), Trichuris spp. (21.43%) and hookworms (35.71%). No trematode parasite was found during the study period. Dominance of helminth parasites (71.43%) over protozoan parasites was observed. The male bears were found more susceptible to parasitic infection than the females. The intensity of infection was found erratic in young and adult bears. The species diversity, animals feeding behavior and hygiene maintenance may be responsible for the high prevalence rate of gastrointestinal parasites in the present study.
 Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(1): 119-125, 2020
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Sarker, M. A. H., M. Jahan, M. N. Parvin, M. A. Malek, and M. T. Hossain. "IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL FLORA ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY WATER BIRDS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 10, no. 1-2 (2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15642.
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A total of 72 samples (Oral swab, cloacal swab and faeccal sample) were aseptically collected from different species (Purple Heron, Demoiselle Crane Pond Heron (adult), Pond Heron (young), Cattle Egret, Night Heron (adult), Night Heron (young) and Little Cormorant) of apparently healthy water birds of Dhaka Zoo of Bangladesh for The isolation and identification of bacterial flora. All the collected samples were inoculated in different bacteriological media for the study of their cultural properties. Grams staining, motility test and biochemical tests were also performed for the proper diagnosis of the isolated bacteria. Slide agglutination test was also performed to confirm the suspected Salmonella. Five types of bacteria were isolated and identified. The antibiogram of five randomly selected isolated bacteria of each genus were also studied. Among the isolated bacteria the isolation rate of E. coli was 54.16 % followed by Salmonella spp.31.94 %, Staphylococcus spp. 27.78%, Bacillus spp. 26.38 % and Proteus spp. 8.33%. Among the isolates, E.coli was found to be most prevalent bacteria. Among the samples the isolation rate of bacteria was higher in cloacal swab 54.16%, followed by oral swab 51.38% and faecal sample 43.05%. There was marked variation in the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of the isolated bacteria to the antibiotics available in the markets. It was found that most of the isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ampicillin and furazolidone could not affect the growth of any isolated bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15642
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Khanum, Hamida, Sharmin Musa, Rimi Farhana Zaman, Fahmida Sarkar, and Rawshan Ara Mitu. "Seasonal Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Horse (Equus Ferus Caballus) From Dhaka City Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 49, no. 2 (2021): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v49i2.56266.
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The study was conducted to understand the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in horse during June, 2017 to April, 2018 from Bangladesh National Zoo, Puran Dhaka and Rajarbagh Police Line of Dhaka city. A total of 48 faecal samples were collected from horses and examined by Direct Smearing technique and Formol Ether Concentration technique. Out of 48 samples 47 found positive for gastrointestinal parasitic infection with an overall prevalence of 97.92 %. Highest prevalence was identified (77.1 %) in Parascaris equorum, followed by 70.8 % in Hymenolepis nana, 62.5 % in Isospora sp., 50 % in Ancylostoma duodenale, 39.6 % in Toxocara sp., 35.4 % in Entamoeba sp., 25 % in Trichuris sp., 20.8 % in Fasciola hepatica 16.67 % in Capillaria sp., 8.3 % in Taenia sp. and Opisthorchis sinensis, 4.2 % in Moniezia benedeni and Thysaniezia sp. Highest intensity (72.97± 46.32) was found for Isospora sp. The p value was 0.01, p < 0.05 so the prevalence rate was statistically significant.A significant difference was founded in prevalence between male and female horse where females were highly infected and also seasonal variation showed significant differences. Highest prevalence was recorded in winter and Rainy season (100 %) followed by summer (95 %). The intensity of parasites was highest in rainy season (63.38 ±79.94) followed by summer (55.47 ±29.73) and winter (49.5 ±28.58) Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 301-319, 2021
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Tabasshum, Taniza, Mandira Mukutmoni, and Aleya Begum. "Occurrence of gastrointestinal Helminths in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 46, no. 2 (2018): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v46i2.39065.
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A total of 66 (sixty-six) fresh fecal samples were collected during July 2017 to October 2018 from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) residing in Bangladesh National Zoo, Dhaka. Samples were analyzed applying formol-ether concentration technique. All the rhesus macaques, irrespective of age and sex, were found to be infested with one or more species of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites. Ascaris spp. was noticed in all the fecal samples. Overall intensity of helminths was higher in male (38.53) that in female (31.04) comprising the maximum (58.08) in adult male (p < 0.005). The highest intensity was of Ascaris spp. (3.33 ± 1.39) and found in adult male hosts. Young female rhesus macaques displayed the maximum intensity of Trichuris spp. (3.56 ± 0.73).
 Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 231-237, 2018
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Hoda, Nazmul, Zaied Talukder, Pravin Mishra, Md Mehedi Jaman, and Md Mahmudul Alam. "Occurrence of surgical affections in zoo herbivores: a retrospective study." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5, no. 2 (2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i2.38110.
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Correction: On 21st September 2018, the author 'Pravin Kumar Mishra' was changed to 'Pravin Mishra' - Editorial Board. The study has been directed to find out the occurrence of surgical affections in herbivorous zoo animals in National Zoological Garden, Dhaka, Bangladesh predicated on record books from 2012 to 2016. A total of 330 surgically affected animals were recorded. The overall occurrence of surgical affections was higher in Bovidae (34.85%) followed by Cervidae (25.45%), Equidae (13.94%), Cercopithecidae (10.61%), Giraffidae (4.85%), Elephantidae (4.55%) Hippopotamidae (4%), Rhinocerotidae (1.52%) and Macropodidae (0.61%). In this study, it is found a higher occurrence of surgically affected are male than female animals. The overall occurrence in male was 56.36% and those in female, it was 43.64%. In terms of different affections, the highest occurrence was wound (13.03% male, 16.67% female) and followed by lameness (14.55% in male, 11.82% in female), skin lesions (9.39% in male, 6.67% in female), myiasis (5.76% in male, 3.33% in female), Horn fracture 3.33% (Only in male), arthritis (2.42% male, 1.52% female), hoof injury (1.82% male, 1% female), abscess (1.52% male, 1.21% female), sore (0.61% male, 2.12% female), Fracture (1.21% male, 0.3% female), Paralysis (0.61% male, 0.3% female) and Corneal opacity (0.61% male, 0.3% female). This report may help to develop control strategies against major surgical affections reported in this study.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 209-214, August 2018
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Aktar, Mahruma, Rasel Ahammed, M. Monirul H. Khan, and MM Kabir. "Preliminary Findings On Behavioral Patterns Of The Barking Deer, Muntiacusmuntjak (Zimmermann 1780) In Captivity At Dhaka Zoo In Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 41, no. 2 (2015): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v41i2.46207.
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This research was conducted to document behavioral patterns of the barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak (Zimmermann 1780) in captivity. All-occurrence and ad libitum sampling methods were used opportunistically to observe 15 barking deer at Dhaka Zoo in Bangladesh from April to November, 2011.A total of 54 behavioral patterns of the barking deer was recorded and described under 13 major heads. Of which, 41 behavioral patterns were similar for males and females and 13 were sex different. The highest observation was recorded for self-directed behaviors (21.55%) followed by consuming behaviors (20.84%), investigative behaviors (17.65%), scent markings and depositions (14.53%), relaxed states (13.98%), agonistic interactions (2.63%), foraging behaviors (2.31%), sexual behaviors (1.83%), submissive behaviors (1.66%), elimination (1.25%), movements (1.23%), vocalization (0.3%) and affinitive interactions (0.23%). The behavioral patterns were almost similar for male and female with several patterns showing variations. Females consumed food and took rest more frequently than males, who spent more time in foraging and movement. Males also showed higher frequency of sexual behaviors and less submissive behaviors. Environmental sniffing (n=792) was the most frequently encountered behavior and preaching (n=l) was the least. The present findings reveal that majority of the behaviors resemble that of other cervids, but nibbling and barking are unique to this species.
 Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(2): 233-243, December 2015
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Islam, Md Abraharul, Monirujjaman, Rasel Ahammed, and Mahruma Aktar. "Diurnal activity pattern of white-rumped vulture, Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788) in captivity during breeding season at Bangladesh National Zoo, Dhaka." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 1 (2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v7i1.37978.
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Kabir, Ashraful. "Biography of a snake charmer in Saidpur, Bangladesh." MOJ Biology and Medicine 3, no. 4 (2018): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2018.03.00090.
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Though Saidpur Upazila under Nilphamari district is very small but here pigeonry, goat rearing, herbal treatments, circus team, monkey charmer, horse race and snake charmers are available. Snake charmers are not living well in this modern era. Their kids are not safe at home for snake rearing. In Savar, Dhaka there is a snake market where some tribal people buy it as food. People who are engaged with snake catching and snake-based superstitions go to that market. They support medical science and are waiting to get a good job. Who take snakes as food they say its meat is very hot. Depending on body size its price varies from 1000 to 2000 taka of a poisonous snake. People of the circus team, zoo committee and intersex people collects snakes from the snake charmer. Tradition of snake charming in Bangladesh is very ancient. Once upon a time most of the villagers liked it. Some peoples were considered as bede or tribal people who caught snakes from the jungle. Though Bangladesh is a small country but its 80 species of snakes are remarkable. Within these only cobras, kraits and sea snakes are poisonous and most of the cobras are bicellate type. Common vine snakes, tree snake and rat snakes are very common and nonpoisonous snakes of Bangladesh. After catching a snake, the charmer cuts the poison sac or rubs both fangs of the snakes. As poison of the snakes are digestive juice so that those snakes can suffer digestive ailments and ultimately die. The temperature of Rangpur division of Bangladesh is 350-370F which is suitable for snakes’ survival. There were 30.77% poisonous and 69.23% non poisonous snakes’ in Bangladesh in three families.1 In Bangladesh out of 82 species 28 are venomous and 12 are sea snakes.2 Estimates indicate ˃5 million bites annually by venomous snakes worldwide where ˃12500 deaths.3,4 Some research work have completed on snakes taxonomy, status, distribution and epidemiology of snake bite.5‒7 India has the highest number of snake bites in the world with 35000-50000 annually according to World Health Organization.8,9 In Bangladesh this is 4.3per 100000 an annual incidence and case fatality is 20%.10
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Zaman, Mahbuba, Nasrin Akter, Md Ataur Rahman, and Md Mufazzal Hossain. "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Doped ZnO and Its Effectiveness as Photocatalyst under Visible Light." Dhaka University Journal of Science 71, no. 2 (2023): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v71i2.69121.
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Carbon-doped ZnO (C-ZnO) was prepared and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX and FT-IR spectroscopy. The substitution of oxygen in the lattice of ZnO by carbon greatly extends its optical sensitivity in the visible light due to the band gap’s shrinkage, which promotes the effectiveness of electron-hole separation. SEM images showed that the surface of C-ZnO catalyst is different from that of undoped ZnO. Analysis of the elements present in the sample was done by EDX which affirms that the prepared sample contains Zn, O and C atoms. The existence of ZnO as wurtzite is confirmed by XRD analysis exhibiting little deviation of the peak position due to the presence of carbon in substitutional sites. FT-IR analysis also supports these results. Under visible light irradiation, the prepared C-ZnO shows better photocatalytic efficiency on methylene blue (MB) than un-doped ZnO. The optimum photodegradation efficiency of MB has been observed when 2 percent C-doped ZnO obtained at 300˚C calcination temperature.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 71(2): 127-133, 2023 (July)
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Akter, Nasrin, Mahbuba Zaman, Md Ataur Rahman, and Md Mufazzal Hossain. "ZnO-Cu2O Composites for Photocatalytical Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution under Visible Light." Dhaka University Journal of Science 71, no. 1 (2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v71i1.65271.
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ZnO-Cu2O composites were prepared by precipitation technique followed by calcination. The prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Band gap energy of the composite was determined by UV-visible reflectance measurement. The absorption range of the ZnO-Cu2O composite was shifted to the visible region due to the doping of Cu2O. SEM image represented that composite nanoparticle was smaller in size compared to the pure ZnO. The EDX spectral analysis showed that no elements other than Zn, Cu and O were present in the sample. XRD showed that ZnO-Cu2O composite was made of hexagonal ZnO and cubic Cu2O. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO-Cu2O composite was studied by degrading MB under different experimental conditions. The molar ratios of the composites, amount of the composite, initial concentration of dyes were varied to optimize the conditions for degradation. The experimental result was compared with those of commercial ZnO. It was found that the ZnO-Cu2O composite is a better photocatalyst than ZnO under visible light. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 71(1): 42-48, 2023 (Jan)
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Mazumder, AZM Mainul Islam, Chowdhury Raihan Bikash, Md Ataur Rahman, and Md Mufazzal Hossain. "A Comparative Study for Adsorptive Removal of Remazol Red R and Remazol Black B from Aqueous Solution by ZnO." Dhaka University Journal of Science 66, no. 2 (2018): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v66i2.54555.
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Adsorptive removal of remazol red R (RRR) and remazol black B (RBB) from aqueous solution has been investigated by using ZnO as an adsorbent. Time for adsorption equilibrium, kinetics of adsorption at different initial concentrations of dyes and adsorption isotherms at different temperatures have been studied. Adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial dye concentration. The pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetics were used to describe kinetic data and the rate constants were evaluated. Experimental data fits better in the pseudo second-order kinetic model than in the pseudo first-order kinetic model for both the dyes. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the adsorption of RRR and RBB onto ZnO powders. Langmuir isotherm model provided a better correlation for the experimental data in comparison to the Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption of both RRR and RBB on ZnO are physical in nature and increases with decreasing temperature. The equilibrium adsorption capacity decreases from 3.43 mg/g at 200C to 2.36 mg/g at 400C for RRR whereas that in the case of RBB changes from 0.77 mg/g at 300C to 0.75 mg/g at 400C. Adsorption of RRR on ZnO was found to be three times higher than the adsorption of RBB at a particular temperature. A model for adsorption of both the dyes has been proposed.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(2): 121-127, 2018 (July)
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Anar, Farzana, Md Harun Ar Rashid, Khaled Mohammad Islam, et al. "An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide as A Root Canal Sealer Constituent." Community Based Medical Journal 12, no. 2 (2023): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v12i2.68342.
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A descriptive, comparative study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Bangladesh, from December 2014 to November 2015, to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide as a root canal sealer constituent. A total of 60 patients were selected by purposive sampling technique. Patients were divided into two equal groups of 30: group-I had zinc-oxide eugenol [ZOE] cement as a root canal sealer, while group-II had calcium hydroxideor sealapex [Ca(OH)2] cement as a root canal sealer. Total number of teeth treated by single-visit root canal therapy. Out of 60 patients, 37(61.7%) patients were male. In ZOE group, the highest incidence was in age group 21-30 years, where as in Ca(OH)2 group, it was in 11-20 years. The mean age of the patients was 27.62±6.20 years in ZOE group and 25.0±6.14 years in Ca(OH)2 group. 21(70.0%) mentioned trauma as an etiological factor followed by caries 4(13.33%) in ZOE group, while 18(60.0%) patients mentioned trauma followed by caries 6(20.0%) in Ca(OH)2 group. In ZOE group, the incidence of pain was 23(76.67%), and in Ca(OH)2 group, 22(73.33%) reported pain. Periapical radiolucency follow-up findings were significantly better at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups in the Ca(OH)2 group. The difference inthe final outcome of effectiveness in both ZOE and Ca(OH)2 group in the management of periradicular pathosis was statistically not significant (P>0.05). The present study findings revealed that single-visit root canal therapy was equally effective in the management of endodontically involved teeth with periradicular pathosis. After 12 months, in follow-up with post-operative clinical and radiological evaluations, Ca(OH)2 sealer group showed better results than ZOE sealer group. However, in shorter follow-ups, Ca(OH)2 sealer group showed significantly better findings as compared to ZOE sealer groups. 
 CBMJ 2023 July: vol. 12 no. 02 P: 141-149
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Sultana, Najmin Ara, Md Obidul Islam, Mainul Hossain, and Zahid Hasan Mahmood. "Comparative Performance Study of Perovskite Solar Cell for Different Electron Transport Materials." Dhaka University Journal of Science 66, no. 2 (2018): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v66i2.54553.
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In recent times, planar organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved high power conversion efficiency (PCE > 22%). Mixed organic-inorganic halide perovskites, with excellent light harvesting properties, have evolved as a promising class of semiconductors for photovoltaics. In this work, compositional and electrical characterizations of materials used for different layers of PSC have been studied. One dimensional solar cell simulator wx-AMPS is used for numerical simulation of such devices and all simulations are done under AM1.5 illuminations and 300K temperature. Investigating the influences of thickness of electron transport material (ETM), hole transporting material (HTM) and absorber on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, it is observed that, increase in thickness of perovskite (MAPbI3) results in the increase in PCE of solar cells, whereas increase in thickness of ETM layer results in decrease in the efficiency of the devices. The ETM plays a vital role on the performance of PSC. In this paper, for the first time performances of PSC for three different ETMs (TiO2, ZnO or SnO2) are calculated and analyzed simultaneously with the simulator wx-AMPS. The photovoltaic performances have been explored and efficiencies of 27.6%, 27.5% and 28.02% are reported for perovskite solar cells with TiO2, ZnO and SnO2 as ETM respectively for a specific thickness. Finally, this simulation study concludes that ZnO and SnO2 may be effective alternatives of the commonly used material, TiO2 as they are economically more potential and give somewhat better photovoltaic performance.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(2): 109-114, 2018 (July)
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Md. Mukhlachur Rahman. "Clinical Outcome Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide as A Root Canal Sealer Constituent." SSB Global Journal of Medical Science 5, no. 01 (2024): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.61561/ssbgjms.v5i01.6.
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Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of using calcium hydroxide-containing sealer (Sealapex) compared to zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) sealer in single-visit root canal treatments.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at different private clinics, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 60 permanent teeth with periradicular pathosis were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 (ZOE group) comprised 30 teeth treated with a ZOE sealer, while Group 2 (Sealapex group) included 30 teeth treated with a calcium hydroxide-containing sealer. Clinical evaluations were performed at 3 months and 12 months post-treatment, with patient complaints recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel.Results: Group 2 had a higher proportion of younger participants (40.00% aged 11-20) compared to Group 1 (26.67%). Group 1 had more males (66.67%) compared to Group 2 (56.67%). Trauma was the leading etiological factor in both groups. Maxillary teeth were more frequently affected, with 56.67% in Group 1 and 63.33% in Group 2. Pre-operative pain was higher in Group 2 (90.00%) compared to Group 1 (76.67%). At the 3-month follow-up, percussion pain was more prevalent in Group 1 (76.67%) than in Group 2 (46.67%, p = 0.016). By the 12-month follow-up, percussion pain persisted in 13.33% of Group 1 but was absent in Group 2. Group 2 achieved a 100.00% success rate, significantly higher than Group 1’s 86.67% (p = 0.038).Conclusion: The use of calcium hydroxide-containing sealer (Sealapex) in single-visit root canal treatments resulted in superior clinical outcomes compared to zinc oxide eugenol sealer. These findings suggest that calcium hydroxide-containing sealers offer better pain management and higher long-term success rates, making them a more effective alternative for endodontic treatments. Further research is recommended to confirm these results in broader clinical settings.
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Md. Mukhlachur Rahman. "Clinical Outcome Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide as A Root Canal Sealer Constituent." SSB Global Journal of Medical Science 5, no. 1 (2024): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.61561/ssbj.v5i1.49.
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Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of using calcium hydroxide-containing sealer (Sealapex) compared to zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) sealer in single-visit root canal treatments. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at different private clinics, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 60 permanent teeth with periradicular pathosis were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 (ZOE group) comprised 30 teeth treated with a ZOE sealer, while Group 2 (Sealapex group) included 30 teeth treated with a calcium hydroxide-containing sealer. Clinical evaluations were performed at 3 months and 12 months post-treatment, with patient complaints recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: Group 2 had a higher proportion of younger participants (40.00% aged 11-20) compared to Group 1 (26.67%). Group 1 had more males (66.67%) compared to Group 2 (56.67%). Trauma was the leading etiological factor in both groups. Maxillary teeth were more frequently affected, with 56.67% in Group 1 and 63.33% in Group 2. Pre-operative pain was higher in Group 2 (90.00%) compared to Group 1 (76.67%). At the 3-month follow-up, percussion pain was more prevalent in Group 1 (76.67%) than in Group 2 (46.67%, p = 0.016). By the 12-month follow-up, percussion pain persisted in 13.33% of Group 1 but was absent in Group 2. Group 2 achieved a 100.00% success rate, significantly higher than Group 1’s 86.67% (p = 0.038). Conclusion: The use of calcium hydroxide-containing sealer (Sealapex) in single-visit root canal treatments resulted in superior clinical outcomes compared to zinc oxide eugenol sealer. These findings suggest that calcium hydroxide-containing sealers offer better pain management and higher long-term success rates, making them a more effective alternative for endodontic treatments. Further research is recommended to confirm these results in broader clinical settings.
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Islam, Sufia, Azima Sultana Julie, Atkiya Nazifa, Marjana Khalil, and Muhammad Asaduzzaman. "Synergistic Effect of Combination Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 23, no. 1 (2024): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74089.
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Background: Infection caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a major health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). S. Typhi has been reported to be resistant to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Objective: To find out the anti-microbial activity of combination antibiotics against resistant S. typhi. Materials and Methods: First, single antibiotic disks of ciprofloxacin, imipenem and vancomycin with the concentrations of 20, 40, 60 and 80 μg/ml were prepared and applied against sensitive S. typhi to confirm its susceptibility. Later, a resistant strain of Shigella flexneri was treated with single antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and imipenem) at the highest concentration (80 μg/ml) to determinets resistant behavior by measuring the zones of inhibition obtained from the disc diffusion assay. Co-culture was performed between the sensitive and resistant strains to develop the resistant strain of S. typhi. Combinations of antibiotics were used for susceptibility testing against the newly resistant strain of S. typhi by using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Experiments were carried out in triplicates and the average reading was recorded. Results: The study showed that different concentrations of the combination of vancomycin and imipenem (20, 40, 60, 80 μg/ml) exhibited 18, 20, 24- and 29-mm respective zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. typhi. A combination of ciprofloxacin and imipenem also exhibited optimum ZOI. It was observed in this study that a single antibiotic treatment did not show any activity against newly resistant strains of S. typhi. Conclusions: The combination therapy can be used as a beneficial treatment approach in multi-drug resistant S. typhi infections. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 37-42, 2024 (June)
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Dewanjee, Suman, Hasan Ahmed, Mohammad Ali Tanvir, Muttakee Bin Ali, Safia Aktar Dipa, and Md Ibrahim Al Imran. "Development of Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Containing Polyvinyl Alcohol, Cellulose and ZnO Nanoparticles for Potential Biomedical Applications." Dhaka University Journal of Science 73, no. 1 (2025): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v73i1.81284.
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Waste materials such as chitosan-rich shrimp shells and cellulose-containing sugarcane bagasse are discarded in substantial quantities worldwide. These by-products hold untapped potential for creating sustainable biomaterials, such as hydrogels, for biomedical applications. This research bridges sustainable development and biomedical engineering by producing a biocompatible, thermally stable, mechanically optimized, and infection-resistant hydrogel. The study examines a composite hydrogel formulated from chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Tannic acid (TA),and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP), with glutaraldehyde and gelatin powder as a cross-linking agent. Glutaraldehyde enhances cross-linking with chitosan’s amine groups, improving the hydrogel’s thermal stability, while ZnONP functionalization enhances its antibacterial properties. Comprehensive evaluations covered structural integrity, cell viability, swelling ratio, water vapor transmission rate, pore size, and mechanical and thermal properties. Analytical techniques such as FTIR and XRD confirmed favorable swelling ratios, porosity, and water vapor permeability, highlighting the hydrogel’s suitability for wound dressings. By achieving optimal degrees of swelling (DSR) and water vapor transmission rates (WVTR), the chitosan-based PVA/cellulose/ZnONP hydrogel demonstrates promise for advanced wound healing applications, supporting both skin restoration and infection control. The novelty lies in the way of approach to bring sustainability and biomedical engineering together. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 73(1): 43-49, 2025 (January)
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Prof. James Ogola Onyango; Prof. Wendo Nabea, Antony Kago Waithiru;. "Tathmini Ya Kipengele Cha Taashira Za Wahusika Katika Tamthilia Ya Kimani Njogu: Mfano Wa Zilizala." Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, no. 1 (2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.114.
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Kazi hii inatathmini kipengele cha taashira za wahusika katika tamthilia ya Kimani Njogu. Katika baadhi ya kazi za kifasihi, aghalabu taashira hutumika kama mbinu ya kusana mambo yanayoathiri kitovu cha jamii au yanayoashiria viongozi wa kiimla, wafisadi, wakabila na wenye ubinafsi, na hata uongozi kwa jumla. Kazi hii ni zao la utafiti ulionuia kuchunguza vipengele vya taashira katika tamthilia ya Zilizala. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili; nadharia ya baada ya ukoloni na nadharia ya umitindo. Katika tamthilia ya Zilizala ya Kimani Njogu, inadhihirika kuwa mwandishi ametumia wahusika kitaashira ili kuwasilisha fasili tofauti tofauti za dhana moja. Waandishi wa tamthilia za baada ya 2000 wametumia mbinu ya taashira kama njia ya kuwasilisha ujumbe unaohusu uongozi, maadili, siasa na uchumi bila kutaja majina ya wahusika halisi au hata mataifa halisi. Mbinu hii imetumiwa kuwadhihirishia wanajamii mbinu zinazotumiwa na watawala halisi kutawala watawaliwa kupitia vikaragosi vyao, ambavyo ndivyo huchaguliwa na watawaliwa. Aidha, mbinu hii imetumiwa kuashiria jinsi viongozi wengi wanavyothibitiwa na wakoloni kutawala mataifa fukara ya Kiafrika. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalitarajiwa kuwa na natija kwa wasomi, wahakiki na watafiti wa masuala ya lugha na fasihi kwa kuwa sehemu ya kurejelewa.
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Hossain, MI, MR Islam, MN Uddin, SM Arifuzzaman, and GN Hasan. "Control of Phomopsis Blight of Egg Plant through Fertilizer and Fungicide Management." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 3, no. 1 (2013): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.16095.
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The experiments were conducted at Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology and in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during Rabi season of the year 2007-2008. Four fungicides viz. Bavistin 50 WP (Carbendazim), Tilt 250 EC (Propiconazole), Cupravit 50 WP (Copperoxychloride) and Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb) and micronutrients (Gypsum, ZnO and Boric acid) were evaluated against Phomopsis vexans causing Phomopsis blight and fruit rot of eggplant. The fungicides and micronutrients either applied individually or in combination showed significant effect in terms of per cent leaf infection, fruit infection, leaf area diseased and fruit area diseased in comparison to control. Effect of each fungicide applied in combination with micronutrients always showed better performance in reducing disease incidence and disease severity than the fungicides applied alone. Among the fungicides, Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) proved to be effective arresting the spore germination and mycelia growth of Phomopsis vexans assayed in in vitro test. Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 58.17, 67.37, 78.41 and 85.25%, respectively at preflowering, post-flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening stages while Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 52.22, 58.67, 74.19 and 83.09%, respectively at those stages. Similarly reduction of fruit area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 57.93 and 79.79%, respectively at fruiting and fruit ripening stages while Bavistin 50WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 56.93 and 76.14%, respectively at those stages. Micronutrients had little effect against the disease but significantly better than control.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (1): 66-72, June, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.16095
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Burundi, Rosemary Njeri, Allan Mugambi, and Timothy Kinoti M’Ngaruthi. "Uhusika katika Fasihi Bulibuli ya Kiswahili: Mfano Kutoka Utenzi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa." East African Journal of Swahili Studies 7, no. 1 (2024): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/jammk.7.1.2253.
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Makala hii inatathmini uhusika wa wahusika katika tenzi za Kiswahii kwa kuegemea utenzi mmoja bulibuli: Utenzi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa. Utenzi huu ulitungwa na Saidi Abdallah Masudi el Buhry aliyekuwa mkazi wa Pemba. Ingawa Masudi aliishi Pemba kwa muda, alihamishwa kwenda Mtang’ata, kilomita kumi kusini mwa Tanga alipohudumu kama gavana wa utawala wa Kimazrui. Bwana Masud alikuwa mshairi mtajika kwa tungo zake nyingi. Utenzi huu ni mmojawapo wa kazi zake zilizotia fora katika janibu ya Waswahili wakati huo. Allen (1971) anasema kuwa utenzi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa unahusu mashujaa wa wakati wa mtume Mohammed (SAW) na baada ya kufariki kwake. Kipengele cha wahusika ni muhimu katika kutunga kazi yoyote ya kifasihi. Kinashirikishwa na vipengele vingine vya kifani ili kuwezesha mtunzi kutoa maudhui au ujumbe wake. Watunzi wa kazi ya kifasihi huwajenga wahusika kisanaa ili waweze kuwakilisha vipengele vingi katika maisha ya jamii wanayotungia. Watunzi pia hutumia mbinu mbalimbali kuwasawri wahusika kutegemea tajriba yao ya kisanii pamoja na utanzu unaoshughulikiwa. Makala hii inafafanua baadhi ya mbinu zilizotumiwa na mtunzi kuwajenga wahusika wa aina mbalimbali waliojitokeza katika Utenzi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa. Pia inabainisha kuwa ushairi, hasa tenzi huwa na wahusika waliojengwa kikamilifu kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali za kimtindo na za lugha. Huu ni utafiti wa maktabani. Uliongozwa na nadharia ya Umitindo hasa mawazo ya Leech (1969). Alisisitiza umuhimu wa lugha kama chombo tekelezi kinachosaidia mtunzi wa kazi ya fasihi kuwasilisha ujumbe wake. Uchanganuzi wa matini za kifasihi kwa kutumia Umitindo unaweza kutekelezwa kwa kuchunguza jinsi mwandishi amefinyanga lugha kisanii ili kuwasilisha ujumbe, kuchunguza msuko na sifa za kimuundo za kazi, mbinu za usimulizi na mikabala ya kimtazamo anayochukua mwandishi Aidha, Umitindo unahusisha uchunguzi wa uteuzi wa wahusika, mandhari na lugha yao, hulka na sifa zao zinazowezesha mtunzi kuwatumia kuakisi masuala fulani katika jamii anayotungia. Nadharia hii ilikuwa muhimu katika utafiti huu uliolenga kutathmini uhusika au mikakati iliyotumiwa na mtunzi kuwasawiri wahusika. Wahusika kama nyenzo kuu huteuliwa, kukuzwa na kuendelezwa na msanii kimaksudi ili waweze kukuza dhamira na maudhui. Nadharia hii ilimwezesha mtafiti kuchunguza mbinu za lugha na za kimtindo zilizotumiwa kuwasawiri wahusika. Makala hii imegawika katika sehemu tatu; sehemu ya kwanza ni utangulizi unaotoa muhtasari kuhusu Utenzi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa. Sehemu ya pili inaangazia dhana ya wahusika katika fasihi na sehemu ya tatu inafafanua uhusika kwa jumla, sehemu ya nne inabainisha mbinu zilizotumiwa kuwasawiri wahusika katika Utenzi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa
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Tanni, J. F., F. M. Aminuzzaman, M. Ahmed, and M. Rahaman. "Diversity and Distribution of Macro Fungi in Some Selected Parks and Gardens of Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Biology, April 29, 2020, 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2020/v9i130076.
Full textAbstract:
A survey was conducted during June to November, 2017 in five selected parks and gardens of Dhaka city, Bangladesh namely National Botanical Garden, National Zoo, Romna Park, Dhanmondi Lake and Boldha Garden. The investigation was done to analyze the morphology, diversity and distribution of macro fungi A total of 44 macro fungi samples were collected and identified to 32 species under 18 genera and 18 families. The most frequent collected genera were Ganoderma sp., Daedeleopsis sp., Ramariopsis sp., Crepidotus sp. and Daldinia sp. The maximum frequency of identified species was exhibited by Ganoderma lucidum (9.46%), followed by Ganoderma applanatum (8.1%), Volvariella volvacea (5.41%), Agaricus bisporus (5.41%) Daedaleopsis confragosa (4.05%), Trametes versicolor (4.05%) and Ganoderma boninense (4.05%). The maximum density of occurrence among collected samples was exhibited by Ramariopsis kunzei (11.3%), Ganoderma lucidum (9.9%), Crepidotus variabilis (5.3%) and Daedaleopsis confragosa (3.76%). The predominant species found in National Botanical Garden is Ganoderma applanatum, in Ramna Park is Ganoderma lucidum, in Dhanmondi Lake is Ramariopsis kunzei, in Boldha Garden is Ganoderma lucidum and in National zoo is Amanita bisporigera. The collected specimens were deposited to the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Herbarium of Macro Fungi (SHMF).
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Uddin, Mohi. "Gross morphometric studies on scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna of the Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris)." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, September 11, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.60015/bjvas/v10i1a4.
Full textAbstract:
The study was carried out to know the gross anatomy and morphometry of scapula, humerus, radius, and ulnar bones of forelimb of an adult Royal Bengal Tiger. The bones were collected from Bangladesh National Zoo, Dhaka, and processed scientifically in The Veterinary Anatomy Laboratory of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). The scapula was somewhat a quadrangular shape having two surfaces, three borders, and three angles. Its lateral surface was unequally divided into supraspinous and infraspinous fossa by a well-developed spine which gradually diminished towards the proximal extremity. The acromion process was subdivided into thick triangular shaped suprahamate process and hamate process which was over hanged the glenoid cavity. The humerus of The Royal Bengal Tiger was a long bone with a spirally twisted shape. The body of the humerus was somewhat compressed laterally. The radius was a slightly twisted bone with an anteroposteriorly flattened shaft and two extremities. The proximal extremity had a concave facet and the distal extremity was expanded and was about twice the size of the proximal extremity. The ulna was longer than the radius and was flattened mediolaterally. The proximal extremity had an olecranon process, anconeus process, and facet for the humerus. The olecranon process possessed three tubercles. Some osteomorphometrical features in the bones of forelimb specified unique discrepancies for this species which were the key factors for interpretation in the field of radiology and forensic studies.
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Chitra, J. "A Report on the Foraminifera <i>Trochammina inflata</i> (Montagu, 1808) from East Kolkata Wetlands." Records of the Zoological Survey of India, December 31, 2019, 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v119/i4/2019/141395.
Full textAbstract:
East Kolkata wetlands are one of the Ramsar site situated in West Bengal. Reports on microscopic fauna of these wetlands are meager. These wetlands are surrounded by vast agricultural fields and Sewage fed Aquaculture farming in natural and artificial ponds and lakes for fisheries are highly significant. The present record is from the zoo plankton collection from the ponds of Dhapa in East Kolkata wetland, a species of foraminifera recorded from the pond water of the East Kolkata wetlands. Trochammina inflata (Montagu, 1808) was recorded for the first time in East Kolkata wetlands.
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Hossain, Farhana, Md Ataur Rahman, and Md Mufazzal Hossain. "ZnO-TiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Mediated Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange G from Aqueous Solution." Dhaka University Journal of Science, July 4, 2022, 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v69i3.60033.
Full textAbstract:
Composites of ZnO-TiO2 with different ratios have been prepared by heating the mixtures at different temperatures and characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD techniques. The results from these techniques support the formation of the composites. These composites have been applied for photodegradation of a textile dye, orange G (OG). The composite with a composition of ZnO:TiO2 = 75:25 prepared at 500 oC has been found to show the highest catalytic efficiency. The experiments have been carried out by varying the experimental conditions to optimize them. The best catalytic performance has been found with 0.25 g/100 mL of the catalyst, 1.02× 10-4 M initial concentration of OG and the UV light source. A mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of dye has been proposed. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 69(3): 218-224, 2022 (June)
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Waithiru, Antony Kago, Prof James Ogola Onyango, and Prof Wendo Nabea. "Tathmini Ya Kipengele Cha Taashira Za Wahusika Katika Tamthilia Ya Kimani Njogu: Mfano Wa Zilizala." Eastern Africa Journal of Kiswahili (EAJK) 2, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/eajk.v2i1.96.
Full textAbstract:
Kazi hii inatathmini kipengele cha taashira za wahusika katika tamthilia ya Kimani Njogu.Katika baadhi ya
 kazi za kifasihi, aghalabu taashira hutumika kama mbinu ya kusana mambo yanayoathiri kitovu cha jamii au
 yanayoashiria viongozi wa kiimla, wafisadi, wakabila na wenye ubinafsi, na hata uongozi kwa jumla. Kazi hii ni zao la utafiti ulionuia kuchunguza vipengele vya taashira katika tamthilia ya Zilizala. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili; nadharia ya baada ya ukoloni na nadharia ya umitindo. Katika tamthilia ya Zilizala ya Kimani Njogu, inadhihirika kuwa mwandishi ametumia wahusika kitaashira ili kuwasilisha fasili tofauti tofauti za dhana moja. Waandishi wa tamthilia za baada ya 2000 wametumia mbinu ya taashira kama njia ya kuwasilisha ujumbe unaohusu uongozi, maadili, siasa na uchumi bila kutaja majina ya wahusika halisi au hata mataifa halisi. Mbinu hii imetumiwa kuwadhihirishia wanajamii mbinu zinazotumiwa na watawala halisi kutawala watawaliwa kupitia vikaragosi vyao, ambavyo ndivyo huchaguliwa na watawaliwa. Aidha,mbinu hii imetumiwa kuashiria jinsi viongozi wengi wanavyothibitiwa na wakoloni kutawala mataifa fukara ya Kiafrika. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalitarajiwa kuwa na natija kwa wasomi, wahakiki na watafiti wa masuala ya lugha na fasihi kwa kuwa sehemu ya kurejelewa.