Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diabète de type 2 – physiopathologie'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Diabète de type 2 – physiopathologie.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Pereira, Laëtitia. "Physiologie et pathologie du couplage excitation-contraction cardiaque : cardiomyopathie du diabète de type 2." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T033.
Full textEbou, Moina. "Régulation du système sérotonine dans la cellule bêta pancréatique par les glucocorticoïdes : implication dans la physiopathologie du diabète." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066637.
Full textType 2 diabetes is now a real global public health problem. It results from a defect of mass and / or function of pancreatic beta cells. The identification and understanding of the mechanisms underlying these defects would help develop strategies to restore the functional beta cell mass. Glucocorticoid hormones (GC), hormones of stress and metabolic adaptation, can inhibit insulin secretion but their mode of action is not yet fully understood. Recently, the neurotransmitter serotonin present in the beta cells has been described as involved in the increase in beta-cell mass during gestation and a modulation of the insulin secretion in mice. In this context, we wanted to determine whether GC could modulate the serotonin system of beta cells. We focused on the enzymes required for serotonin synthesis Tph1 and 2. We could show that the expression of Tph1 and Tph2 1 and Tph2 enzyme was inhibited by GC causing a decrease in serotonin synthesis. We then confirmed the expression of Tph1 and 2 was stimulated by prolactin but also showed for the first time that these enzymes were stimulated by exenatide-4, a GLP-1. In these two stimulating situations, we found that GC exerts a counter-regulatory effect. Finally, we studied the role of serotonin on beta cell function. We were able to show that serotonin can inhibit the secretion of insulin by altering the calcium flux in the pancreatic beta cell. In conclusion, our results show that, within the beta cell, the serotonin system is one of GC target, suggesting that serotonin reduction can be a relay of the effects of GC on beta cells
Grasset, Estelle. "Mécanismes moléculaires régulant l'action du glucagon-like peptide one dans la physiopathologie du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30301/document.
Full textAccording to the World Health Organisation, Type II Diabetes, characterized by an alteration of glycemic control, causes numerous death around the world. After a meal, gut secretes Glucagon-Like Peptide one (GLP-1) which regulates glycemia by stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of gastric emptying and food intake. Although GLP-1 acts as an endocrine hormone on its target organs through the GLP1 receptor, its action is mainly mediated by nervous pathway involving vagus nerve and gut-brain-periphery axis. Thus, GLP-1 based therapies are used to control glycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients, but, efficiency of the treatment is heterogeneous defining a state of GLP-1 unresponsiveness. Molecular mechanisms involved in this unresponsiveness are not known but could be linked to the changes in gut microbiota (dysbiosis), key element in the development of metabolic diseases. We first found that diabetic mice (high fat diet) are unresponsive to hypoglycemic action of GLP-1 and present enteric neuropathy, impaired gut-brain axis and reduction of GLP-1r and neuronal NO synthase expression in the ileum. In addition, GLP-1-induced nitric oxide production in primary neuron culture is decreased. These effects were also found in germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice under normal chow diet, indicating the involvement of gut microbiota. By contrast, high fat diet mice treated with antibiotics show an improvement of GLP-1 action. This gut incretin action could also depend on the circadian cycle for which we observed a wavering of insulin secretion, GLP-1r expression and gut microbiota. Moreover, the GLP-1 response of control mice is better in the day than in the night and the different mice model resistant to GLP-1 (HFD, axenic or antibiotics) present the same marked variations in the expression of major clock genes. Overall our results show that in type 2 diabetes GLP-1 action is lowered and can be explained by decreased neuronal expression of GLP-1r as well as the NO-dependent signaling pathway regulating insulin secretion induced by GLP-1. Microbiota or the circadian clock seems essential in this GLP-1 sensitivity
Sobngwi, Eugène. "Place du déficit de l'insulinosécrétion dans la physiopathologie du diabète de type 2 : étude de deux populations de descendants de parents diabétiques et d'une cohorte de patients diabétiques de type 2 à tendance cétosique." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077049.
Full textBornaque, Florine. "Rôle de l'épitranscriptome dans la physiopathologie de la cellule β pancréatique." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS059.pdf.
Full textThe prevalence of diabetes in the world continues to increase, with an estimate of 700 million patients by 2045. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of the disease has become a major public health issue to prevent the progression of diabetes in the world.Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia (> 1.26 g / L) caused by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and loss of function and / or mass of pancreatic β cells. These cells, present in the islets of Langerhans, are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate homeostasis by secreting insulin, a hypoglycemic hormone that acts on various tissues sensitive to insulin, such as the liver, muscle or adipose tissue. The pathophysiological dysfunction of β cells, following numerous cellular stresses (oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, etc.), is at the origin of the development of T2D.In addition to genetic factors, obesity induced by a diet rich in fats and sugars, physical inactivity and aging are considered to be major environmental risk factors for the development of T2DM. These factors modify the environment of the cells and cause chemical modifications of DNA (methylation of cytosines) or histones (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination), called epigenetic modifications, thus modulating the expression of many genes and altering, in particular, the identity or function of pancreatic β cells.Other aspects of the regulation of gene expression are little studied in the context of type 2 diabetes. Indeed, RNAs can also be subjected to chemical changes sensitive to environmental signals, such as DNA. These epitranscriptomic modifications correspond to the chemical and reversible modifications of RNA, the most common is m6A methylation, at position N6 of adenosine. The methyl group is added by a protein complex composed in particular of methyltransferases METTL3 and METTL14 and can be removed by demethylases ALKBH5 or FTO. These modifications can be recognized by cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins, which will affect the translation, splicing, stability, structure or localization of RNAs.This modification is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, its role in T2D is still poorly understood, although it has recently been shown that m6A methylation may be altered in the pancreatic islet and affect insulin secretion.Thus, in this thesis work, we hypothesized that the environment, through variations in glycemia or free fatty acid concentrations in the blood, could induce changes in the m6A methylation of RNAs and lead to pancreatic β cell dysfunction during T2D.The results obtained during this thesis show a significant decrease in m6A methylation in the presence of a high concentration of glucose, both in mice and in islets obtained from human donors, associated with altered expression levels of m6A demethylases. Palmitate induces the opposite effect with an increase in m6A methylation and a reduction in the expression of demethylases. In addition, the use of siRNA and/or specific inhibitors demonstrates that these enzymes modulate the expression of genes involved in the identity of pancreatic β cells and insulin secretion stimulated by glucose.These results, combined with data from the literature, suggest that changes in glucose concentration regulate m6A methylation, which plays a key role in controlling gene expression for the identity and function of pancreatic β cells. Thus, our results highlight new mechanisms potentially involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and may therefore contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of this disease
Loffroy, Romaric. "Particularités de l’athérosclérose du sujet non diabétique, diabétique de type 2, et/ou stéatosique non alcoolique : de la physiopathologie aux techniques d’imagerie non invasives." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10282/document.
Full textAtherosclerosis is a major public health problem and is one of the major causes of death in the developed western world today. It is therefore of utmost importance that we understand the mechanisms involved in the evolution and progression of this disease and its associated complications. With the work done for this thesis, we tried to bring forth the importance of non invasive clinical imaging to study the pattern of evolution of atherosclerosis involving the carotid and/or coronary arteries. We also present the role played by imaging in prevention and early diagnosis of associated complications in non diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients, presenting with or without non alcoholic hepatic steatosis. In this study, we evaluated three different clinical research protocols used involving the clinical findings, biochemical as well as radiological examination results. The results of these protocols have been the basis for several peer reviewed international publications till date
Ramin-Mangata, Stéphane. "Le rôle du récepteur aux LDL et de PCSK9 dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0005.
Full textStatins are lipid-lowering drugs widely prescribed to prevent cardiovascular diseases. They inhibit the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol and thereby increase LDLR gene expression by activating the SREPB-2 transcription factor. The positive effects of statins regarding cardiovascular diseases are undisputable. However, their action is limited by the proprotein convertases subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), the natural inhibitor of the LDL receptor (LDLR), which is also activated by the SREBP-2 transcription factor. As a result, novel lipid-lowering strategies targeting circulating PCSK9 have emerged and have been approved recently. These are the PCSK9 inhibitors. Despite their well-established beneficial effects, the use of high doses of statins for long-term treatments induces in rare instances the onset of type 2 diabetes in predisposed individuals. In addition, “loss of function” genetic variants of PCSK9 are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The effects of long term use of PCSK9 inhibitors on the risk of type 2 diabetes remain to be established. Thus, we hypothesized that cholesterol overload of insulin secreting pancreatic beta cells induced by the overexpression of the LDLR at their plasma membranes following treatment with statins and PCSK9 inhibitors may cause cell dysfunction, lower insulin secretion, and ultimately type 2 diabetes. The aims of my thesis were (i) to determine the circulating levels of PCSK9 and their modulation by statins in patients with type 2 diabetes, (ii) to determine if reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are predictive of new onset type 2 diabetes and finally (iii) to investigate the effect of statins, PCSK9, and PCSK9 inhibitors on beta cell function. Using three cohorts of patients, we showed that circulating PCSK9 plasma levels are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and that reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are negatively associated with insulin resistance and elevated fasting blood glucose. In human pancreatic sections and human pancreatic beta cell lines, we showed for the first time that PCSK9 is expressed, synthesized and secreted only by beta cells in pancreatic islets. We did not find any significant effect of PCSK9 or PCSK9 inhibitors on glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Altogether, my thesis works underpin that the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in the clinic will probably not be diabetogenic. This is reassuring regarding the development of these new lipid-lowering therapies
Begorre, Marc-Antoine. "Physiopathologie du récepteur de type 2 à l'angiotensine II ( AT2R ) dans le développement du diabète et de ses conséquences cardiovasculaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024122.
Full textBonneville, Nadine. "Influence du contenu en macronutriments d'un repas préalable, standardisé, sur la réponse glycémique et insulinique suite à un exercice de type aérobie chez la femme diabétique de type 2 postménopausée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26082/26082.pdf.
Full textBegorre, Marc-Antoine. "Physopathologie du récepteur de type 2 à l'angiotensine I l (AT2R) clans le développement du diabète et de ses conséquences cardiovasculaires." Angers, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024122/document.
Full textDiabetes is a constantly progressing pathology described by a high blood-glucose levels. Its treatment is currently based on insulin therapy to regulate glycaemia levels, and several drugs standards for cardiovascular diseases. However, a better understanding of mecanisms involved in its physiopathology remain needed to improve patients care. Thus, we studied here the role of angiotensin Il type 2 receptor (AT2R) in development and cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Indeed renin-angiontensin system is a key regulator of diabetes physiopathology but is targeted mostly by angiotensin Il type 1 receptor antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. By using two models of diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) and a AT2R knock-out mouse model that AT2R interestingly possesses two opposite roles in diabetic pathology : it protects from diabetes induction and development but improve vascular complications associated with diabetes as endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Our results show that AT2R could be a new therapeutic target in diabetes
Caliaperoumal, Guavri. "Impact du diabète de type 2 sur la réparation osseuse et vasculaire des défauts osseux craniaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC166/document.
Full textNow that diabetes reaches pandemic proportions, this thesis focuses on the effect of T2DM on bone. Very few studies document the effect of T2DM on maxillo-facial bone and their endomembraneous repair.After a short review on bone, diabetes and animal study models, we will showcase our results of the impact of T2DM on, (i) vascular and bone repair of calvarial defects in ZDF rats; (ii) the vascular and bone microarchitechture of ZDF rat’s femur; (iii) the secretome and angiogenic properties of zdf rat’s bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). These studies showed an alteration of bone repair in critical size defects, and an impaired vascular repair in critical and subcritical T2DM defects. We also found evidences of bone and vascular microarchitechture impairement in ZDF femur. At a cellular level, T2DM BMSCs have an unique angiogenic profile. These findings may contribute to the better understanding of the adverse vascular healing in T2DM and provide successful bone healing therapies for patients with T2DM
Hein, Matthieu. "Contribution à l’étude de la physiologie et de la physiopathologie du sommeil chez l’individu normal et chez les patients souffrant de dépression majeure et d’insomnie primaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/287421/3/These.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Loffroy, Romaric. "Particularités de l'athérosclérose du sujet non diabétique, diabétique de type 2, et/ou stéatosique non alcoolique : de la physiopathologie aux techniques d'imagerie non invasives." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825146.
Full textChavez, Talavera Oscar Manuel. "Rôle des acides biliaires dans la physiopathologie de l'obésité, la résistance à l'insuline, le diabète de type 2, la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique et dans le contexte de la chirurgie bariatrique Bile Acid Control of Metabolism and Inflammation in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Bile Acid Alterations in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: What Do the Human Studies Tell?” Bile acids associate with glucose metabolism, but do not predict conversion to diabetes Bile acid alterations are associated with insulin resistance, but not with NASH in obese subjects Roux-en-Y gastric bypass increases systemic but not portal bile acid concentrations by decreasing hepatic bile acid uptake in minipigs The functional relevance of bile acids in the improvement of HDL-mediated endothelial protection after bariatric surgery Metabolic effects of bile acid sequestration: impact on cardiovascular risk factors." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS057.
Full textIn addition to their role in the solubilization of dietary lipids, bile acids are signaling molecules regulating their own metabolism, glucose and lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, cardiovascular function and inflammation via the activation of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G protein coupled Receptor 5 (TGR5). Indeed, changes in bile acid concentrations are associated with metabolic diseases and therefore they are candidates to participate in the pathophysiology of these diseases or predict their progression.In the first part of this thesis, we studied bile acid changes in the context of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We demonstrated that bile acids are correlated with glucose homeostasis in humans, but that they are not predictors for the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal cohort study.In the second part of this thesis, we studied the bile acids in the context of bariatric surgery. Our results showed that bariatric surgery reduces the hepatic recapture of certain bile acids, causing them to increase in the systemic circulation. Additionally, we showed that it is not the bile limb but the common limb the one responsible for metabolic changes after bariatric surgery in the minipig. Finally, we showed in humans that bile acids linked to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) increase after bariatric surgery, and that this increase is correlated with the restoration of their vasoprotective functions
Ait, Omar Bourkeb Amal. "Localisation de GLUT2 dans l'intestin et son rôle physiopathologique dans la détection des sucres contrôlant la sécrétion de GLP-1." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066003.
Full textBironneau, Vanessa. "Impact du Syndrome d’Apnées Hypopnées Obstructives du Sommeil sur la fonction endothéliale Association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes Polyphenols Have No Impact on Endothelial Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial Impact of mandibular advancement therapy on endothelial function in severe obstructive sleep apnea." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0014.
Full textObstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) is defined as a partial or total collapse of the upper airways leading to hypopneas or apneas.This will lead to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation. OSA is associated with an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, this syndrome is very often associated with comorbidities that are themselves responsible for CVD complications : high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity... One of the mechanisms common to all these CVD diseases is the endothelial dysfunction (ED). Its in vivo evaluation is possible thanks to different techniques and in particular Endopath. ED is described as a predictor of subsequent CVD complications. It has already been shown that the ED described during OSA is mediated by microvesicles (MV).These are small vesicles that act as vectors for intercellular communication. These MVs contain a number of molecules such as proteins, DNA, miRNAs. miRNAs are simple, non-coding strands of RNA that regulate translation. Some of them are described as involved in CVD and in particular ED.They could be a therapeutic target to fight against the CD complications of OSA. The objective of this work is to evaluate the real involvement of OSA in the development of ED, particularly in terms of associated co-morbidities such as T2D ; then to determine the miRs that may be involved in this phenomenon and to modulate their action to combat the development of CVD
Bodin-Rollin, Sophie. "Rôle de l'enzyme de conversion et du système kallicréine-kinines dans le diabète et ses complications rénales." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066282.
Full textCherfan, Julien. "La décorine : un nouveau composant de la communication entre les muscles squelettiques et les cellules β pancréatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ066.
Full textType 2 diabetes is a chronic pathology that is increasing rapidly around the world. An over-rich diet combined with a sedentary lifestyle leads to hyperglycemia over time. The increase in body mass of these subjects induces chronic inflammation. This phenomenon ultimately disrupts the physiology of the pancreatic β cell by causing the loss of its insulin secretoryfunction and reducing the pancreatic islet mass, leading to insulin-dependent, last stage of ype 2 diabetes. The "cross-talk" wich is a complex phenomenon exploring the interaction ofdifferent organs through chemical messengers, is disrupted in the pathophysiology of type 2diabetes. In this context, the muscle is able to provide responses through myokine secretions. This study focuses on one myokine in particular, Decorine, secreted mainly bytriceps and having promising characteristics in the protection of the β cell against the deleterious inflammatory phenomena present in type 2 diabetes. We have demonstrated the potentiating role of Decorin on the functionality of the β cell in rats and humans. We have also demonstrated that Décorin has a protective role in an inflammatory context modeled by TNF-α. This work, constituting the first study on the beneficial role of Decorinon cell β, highlights its therapeutic interest in a pharmacological management strategy fortype 2 diabetes
Dentin, Renaud. "Rôle du facteur de transcription ChREBP dans la régulation transcriptionnelle par le glucose des gènes de la glycolyse et de la lipogenèse dans le foie : implication dans la physiopathologie de l'obésité et/ ou du diabète de type 2." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077093.
Full textIn the liver, the regulation of glycolytic and lipogenic gènes like L-pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetyl-CoA carboxilase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), which catalyze fatty acid synthesis from glucose, requires both high glucose and insulin concentration. Recently, the transcription factor ChREBP (Carbohydrate Responsive Element Binding Protein) has emergea has a major mediator of glucose action on L-PK gene expression. However, in the beginning of this work, its role in the regulation of lipogenic gene was unknown. In this context, we clearly show that decreased ChREBP gene expression, achieved using small interfering RNA, results in a loss of glucose effect on endogenous L-PK, FAS, and ACC gene expression, thereby demonstrating the direct implication of ChREBP in glucose action in liver. The present study also reveals that ChREBP gene expression as well as ChREBP nuclear protein content are significantly increased in liver of ob/ob mice, and that liver-specific inhibition of ChREBP in ob/ob mice markedly improved hepatic steatosis by decreasing lipogenic rates. As consequence, overall glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were restored in ob/ob mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ChREBP is central for the regulation of lipogenesis in vivo and plays a determinant role in the development of the hepatic steatosis and of insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. Finally, we demonstrate that polyunsaturated fatty acid, by preventing ChREBP gene expression and ChREBP nuclear translocation, decrease glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression and could prevent the development of the hepatic steatosis observed in the pathology of obesity and insulin resistance
Ramadan, Wiâm. "Étude des répercussions d'un régime enrichi en graisses, du diabète de type 2 et de la metformine sur la fonction respiratoire à l'éveil et au cours du sommeil chez le rat mâle adulte." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIED004.
Full textTo day, it is difficult to distinguish the respective role of obesity and metabolic disorders as insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus in the occurrence of respiratory disorders and notably sleep apneas since these disorders are typically diagnosed late in their course. Data from literature suggest that, although increase morbidity and mortality from this syndrome, the mechanisms underlying this pathology remain poorly understood. This lack of knowledge stems in part from a paucity of animal models to study naturally occurring apnea during sleep. The aim of this work was to study insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus repercussions on energetic metabolism, ventilation, apneas occurrence in absence of obesity and diaphragmatic contractility by using the rat model fed high fat diet developed by Reed et al (metabolism, 2000). Our study was also designed to assess whether the use of metformin, one of the most common drugs used in the treatment of insulin resistance, could reverse or suppress the possible ventilation impairments and apnea occurrence. This study demonstrates that insulin resistance increases apneas score during sleep in absence of obesity. This increase was reversed by metformin treatment reinforcing the idea that insulin resistance could induce ventilatory disorders during sleep independently of obesity. This study also demonstrated that metformin treatment in parallel with high fat fed diet prevent the development of sleep apnea syndrome. The decrease, in vitro, of the force of diaphragm, the principal inspiratory muscle, could be linked to an increase of apnea during sleep. Indeed, morphological modifications in diaphragmatic fibres had been shown with an increase of type IIb fibres and a decrease of type I and IIa fibres in diabetic rats
Genser, Laurent. "Etude de la perméabilité intestinale au cours de l'obésité humaine." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066645.
Full textIntestinal barrier damage is associated with low-grade inflammation and metabolic impairment in rodent models of obesity. Whether intestinal permeability is altered in human metabolic disorders remains poorly investigated. Using a large cohort of well-characterized obese subjects and a human enterocyte model, we examined intestinal permeability in the basal state and after a challenge by a lipid load. We showed a reduction of occludin and tricellulin at jejunal tight junctions and increased serum levels of zonulin and LPS-Binding Protein in obese subjects. Jejunal permeability, directly measured in Ussing chambers in the fasting condition, was not significantly increased compared to non-obese subjects. Nevertheless, within the obese cohort, high permeability was associated with systemic inflammation (CRP and haptoglobin). A single lipid load increased permeability both in Caco-2/TC7 cells and ex vivo in human jejunum, demonstrating dietary lipids’ direct effects on the epithelial barrier. Permeability after the lipid load was significantly higher in the jejunum of obese subjects and associated with systemic and intestinal inflammation (CRP and fecal calprotectin) and type 2 diabetes. Thus, our results highlight an intestinal barrier defect in obesity, with a jejunal permeability increased by a lipid challenge and linked to inflammatory and metabolic impairments
St-Yves, Annie. "Diabète gestationnel : le risque et la prévention du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28802/28802.pdf.
Full textWomen with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight gain during childbearing-age period was associated with deteriorated insulin sensitivity and higher risk of T2D among women with prior GDM of our study. Healthy eating was not optimal in order to prevent T2D among these women. Application of the theory of planned behavior suggest that an intervention to increase intention to adopt healthy eating among women with prior GDM would need to focus on straightening the perception of its beneficial effect on weight control and on providing information on healthy eating and coping with availability of non-healthy foods in order to prevent future development of T2D among these women.
Nguyen, Thi Thu Ha. "Antidépresseurs et diabète de type 2 : une approche pharmacoépidémiologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30096.
Full textThe association between antidepressant (AD) use and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is debated. We hypothesized that if it exists, this risk may differ between AD classes and even between individual ADs depending on their pharmacodynamic characteristics. Several pharmacological targets of ADs could more specifically be involved in this Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). We applied a combined "Pharmacoepidemiological-Pharmacodynamic" (PE-PD) approach to test these hypotheses in the World Health Organization international database of suspected ADRs (VigiBase®). This method allows establishing ADR mechanism hypotheses through pharmacoepidemiological studies considering fundamental data (e.g. binding affinity). A significant signal for an increased T2D reporting risk was found with ADs in comparison with all other drugs presented in VigiBase®. The PE-PD study suggested that the inhibition of serotonin reuptake via serotonin transporter (SERT) could be involved in AD-induced T2D. Indeed, the inhibition of serotonin reuptake owing to ADs (resulting in an excess of serotonin transmission) may induce T2D in a short time mediated by inhibiting insulin release. We then aimed to investigate the impact of ADs on short-term (1 year) T2D occurrence by conducting an exploratory study. We performed a retrospective matched exposed-unexposed to AD cohort study in the UK primary care database (the Clinical Practice Research Datalink). "New AD users" and matched "new anxiolytic (AX) users" were included in the study and were followed up during the first year from their cohort entry. Outcome was new-onset T2D. Survival analysis at the first year of follow-up demonstrated that there was no difference between the occurrence of T2D and AD exposure in general in comparison with the control group of AX users. However, a significant increase of incident T2D cases was observed for AD exposure duration less than 3 months and this T2D seemed to be reversible in some patients. In conclusion, the results suggested that (1) high affinity for the SERT could partially explain the appearance of T2D in AD users, and (2) when rapidly appraising this ADR could be reversible in some patients
Poussin, Agathe. "Hypercortisolisme infra-clinique dans le diabète de type 2." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23003.
Full textGuenifi, Amel. "Mechanisms of impaired insulin release in type-2 diabetes : studies in the GK rat model /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3821-0/.
Full textRouxel, Ophélie. "Rôles des cellules MAIT (Mucosal Associated Invariant T) dans la physiopathologie du diabète de type 1." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB114.
Full textType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic islet β cells resulting in hyperglycemia and requiring a life-long insulin replacement therapy. The physiopathology of T1D is complex and still not entirely understood. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the pathogenesis and the regulation of T1D. While diabetes development can clearly be associated with genetic inheritance, environmental factors were also implicated in this autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development or protection against T1D. Gut microbiota analyses in patients have shown differences before the onset of T1D. Moreover, several studies also described gut mucosa alterations in NOD mice and in T1D patients. MAIT (Mucosal Associated Invariant T) cells are innate-like T cells recognizing the MR1 molecule and expressing a semi-invariant receptor Vα chain (Vα7.2-Jα33 and Vα19-Jα33 in mice). MAIT cells are activated by bacterial metabolites, derived from the synthesis of riboflavin. Their particularity is to rapidly produce various cytokines such as TNF-α IFN-γ, IL-17 and granzyme B. The localization and the function of MAIT cells suggest that they could exert a key role in the maintenance of gut integrity, thereby controlling the development of autoimmune responses against pancreatic β cells. To summarize, our results in T1D patients and in NOD mice indicate an abnormal MAIT cell activation in this pathology, which occurs before disease onset. The analysis of peripheral tissues from NOD mice highlights the role of MAIT cells in two tissues, the pancreas and the gut mucosa. In the pancreas, MAIT cells frequency is elevated and they could participate to the β cells death. In contrast to the pancreas, in the gut mucosa MAIT cells could play a protective role through their cytokines production of IL-22 and IL-17. Our data in Mr1-/- NOD mice, lacking MAIT cells, reveal that these cells play a protective role against diabetes development and in the maintenance of gut mucosa integrity. Moreover, the presence of gut alteration as T1D progress in NOD mice underscores the importance of MAIT cells in maintaining gut mucosa homeostasis. Interestingly, MAIT cells could represent a new biomarker towards T1D progression and open new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies based on their local triggering
Dao, Thi Mai Anh. "Inflammation intestinale et diabète de type 2 : effet du Resveratrol." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22956.
Full textThe TD2 is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state that impairs the secretion and action of insulin. Environmental pollutants such as POP (Persistent Organic Pollutants) and the change in gut flora induced by a high fat diet (HFD), are suspected to play an important role in the installation of this inflammation.The intestine is one of the first tissues exposed to pathogenic bacteria and some POP. This organ is also the first take part in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. So, it is reasonable to assume that chronic inflammation of the bowel may affect the development of TD2. Our objectives were: to assess the role of inflammation in the enterocyte development of diabetes TD2 and clarify the effect of Resveratrol (RSV) on the disease.Our results suggest that intestinal inflammation is involved in the establishment of a TD2. This inflammation could affect TD2 through releasing inflammatory cytokines, reducing the concentration of GLP-1 and promoting the passage of diabetogenic factors from the intestine to target tissues of insulin. The induction or reduction of intestinal inflammation by factor inflammatory (BaP) or anti-inflammatory (RSV) are respectively associated with worsening or improvement of the diabetic state.We also showed that the RSV could improve the diabetic state by normalizing the intestinal flora modified by diet and HFD, by increasing the concentration of GLP-1. In addition, co-administration of sitagliptin with RSV, an inhibitor of the enzyme DPP4,which degrade GLP-1, shows a potentiation of the effect of RSV in the sitagliptin: These results open the door for the use of RSV in the prevention and treatment of TD2.Keywords: Resveratrol, type 2 diabetes
Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra. "Rôles de l'immunorégulation et de l'environnement dans la physiopathologie du diabète auto-immun." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D030.
Full textThe major focus of our studies was the analysis the role of immunoregulation in the development of autoimmune diseases and more particularly of autoimmune insulindependent diabetes. To that aim we have used the experimental model of the NOD (non obese diabetic) mouse. We have developed our work around two essential themes. First, the detailed analysis of the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the main T cell subsets that control autoimmune responses. We have also attempted to study more in depth their antigen specificity using an adoptive transfer model. Secondly, we have described original models showing the protective effect on the development of autoimmune diabetes of certain components of infectious agents. The analysis of the immune mechanisms affording this protection revealed that regulatory T lymphocytes play a central role in the induction and/or the maintenance of the protective effect
Tenenbaum, Florence. "Hormones vaso-actives et natriurétiques et hémodynamique rénale dans le diabète de type 2 (non insulino-dépendant) : étude avant et après normalisation glycémique." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM025.
Full textSartippour, Maryam Radimeh. "Caractérisation de la lipoprotéine lipase macrophagique dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ53306.pdf.
Full textPerreault, Josiane. "Prédiction du diabète de type 2 à partir de paramètres cliniques simples." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26506/26506.pdf.
Full textLecompte, Sophie. "Etude du rôle du gène PROX1 dans le diabète de type 2." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790524.
Full textOca, Karine. "Intérêt de l'autosurveillance glycémique dans le diabète de type 2 : l'expérience dacquoise." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M001.
Full textAbderrazak, Amna. "Rôle de l'inflammasome NLRP3 dans l'athérosclérose et le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066735/document.
Full textThe NLRP3 inflammasome activity is abnormally elevated in many human inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) respectively. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the identification of effective therapeutics that selectively inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In this study, we have identified Arglabin as a potential small molecule inhibitor that targets the NLRP3 inflammasome activity in cell culture and in an animal model, the ApoE2.Ki mice fed a high-fat Western-type diet (HFD). Arglabin, a plant sesquiterpene lactone, has been used extensively as an herbal remedy that proved effective in treating cancer of the liver, lungs and breast at early stages. Arglabin inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, IL-1β and IL-18 production in lipopolysaccharide and cholesterol crystal-activated cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, Arglabin activated autophagy as evidenced by the increase in LC3-II protein. Intraperitoneal injection of Arglabin (2.5 ng/g body weight twice daily for 13 weeks) into female ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD resulted in a decreased IL-1β plasma level and reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Treatment of ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD with Arglabin significantly reduced the plasma concentration of anti-oxLDL antibodies. Moreover, Arglabin oriented the proinflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in spleen and arterial lesions. Consequently, a marked reduction in atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the median areas in the sinus and whole aorta. In comparison to vehicle-treated mice, Arglabin reduced plasma levels of glucose and insulin. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of active caspase 3 in Langerhans islets of ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD that was significantly inhibited by Arglabin treatment. Moreover, Arglabin reduced susceptibility to apoptosis in cultured INS-1 cells by increasing concentration-dependently Bcl-2 levels, which led to concomitantly decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In cultured INS-1 cells, Arglabin increased the expression of the autophagic markers Becline 1 and LC3-II in a concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, our results indicate survival-promoting properties of the Arglabin molecule in pancreatic β-cells.In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Arglabin may represent a promising new drug to treat atherosclerosis and T2DM
Leblond, Julie. "Utilisation des thiazolidinediones chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3351.
Full textPoggi-Travert, Florence. "Contribution de l'hyperglycémie au risque cardiovasculaire des diabétiques de type 2." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066497.
Full textBouhier-Roddier, Muriel. "Le diabète, entre culture et santé publique : approche anthropologique des représentations du diabète de type 2 à la Réunion." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_20_Bouhier.pdf.
Full textLafarge, Jean-Charles. "Cathepsine S : nouvelle cible dans le diabète de type 2 associé à l’obésité ?" Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066107.
Full textCathepsin S (CatS) is a cysteine protease, which has been implicated in a wide range of disease, including autoimmune disorders and atherosclerosis. We previously showed that adipose tissue and serum CatS increased with obesity and decreased after weight loss. These variations coincide with alteration and improvement of glycemic status, respectively, leading us to investigate the impact of CatS on glucose homeostasis. In human studies, we found that serum CatS positively associated with blood-derived indices of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In mice studies, the deletion of CatS induced a robust reduction of serum glucose that persisted under high-fat diet and with aging. CatS deficient (CatS-KO) mice showed improved glucose tolerance, with no change in whole body insulin sensitivity. Hepatic glucose metabolism was predominantly affected by CatS deletion. Reduced rate of basal glucose turnover, blunted glycemic response to gluconeogenic substrates and down-regulation of key gluconeogenic genes collectively point to gluconeogenesis as the metabolic pathway targeted in CatS-KO mice liver. Pharmacological inhibition of CatS in diet-induced obese mice recapitulated the low glucose phenotype induced by CatS deletion by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis. Hence, small molecule anti-CatS therapy has the potential to dampen elevated endogenous glucose production in obese subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. These findings extend the pathogenic contribution of CatS to include glycemic deterioration and broaden the therapeutic field of CatS inhibitors to cardiometabolic complications in human obesity
Marcouiller, François. "L'impact du diabète de type 2 sur la phosphorylation de tau in vivo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28358/28358.pdf.
Full textRiant, Elodie. "Effets protecteurs des œstrogènes sur l'insulino-résistance et le diabète de type 2." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/686/.
Full textAlthought corroborating data indicate that estrogens protect against insulino-resistance and glucose metabolism throught the activation of the estrogen receptor a (ERa), it has not been established wether this pathway could represent an effective therapeutic target to fight against metabolic disturbances induced by a high-fat diet. Based on the study of animal models in vivo, our experimental approach allowed us to demonstrate that: 1) Activation of the path of ERa in vivo exerts a protective effect in a mouse model subjected to a fat diet, and more precisely, limits the development of adipose tissue, preserves insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and prevents also the occurrence of fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. 2) Furthermore, activation of ERa enhanced inflammatory response characterized by cytokine production in organs sensitive to insulin (liver, fat) and infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue. This proinflammatory effect results from direct activation of cells derived from bone marrow, but appears dissociated from the metabolic protective effect. Despite its pro-inflammatory effect, selective activation of the path of ERa could be an effective strategy to reduce the deleterious impact of dietary patterns hyperlipidaemia
Eid, Assaad. "Gluconéogenèse rénale in vitro dans des modèles animaux de diabète de type 2." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10035.
Full textDupont, Sophie. "Etude des déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 dans la population française." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-308.pdf.
Full textSaulnier, Pierre-Jean. "Étude des déterminants génétiques et environnementaux des complications du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1403/document.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health issue because of vascular and renal complications, which are complex diseases with interaction between genetic and environmental determinants.The objective of this work was to study these determinants in three independent populations of T2D patients by coupling cross-sectional (DIAB2NEPHROGENE) and longitudinal studies (SURDIAGENE and DIABHYCAR). Through a candidate-gene approach, we first focused on the natriuretic peptides system, NPR3 gene and sodium intake and then on the metabolic pathway of sex hormones, CYP19A1 gene (coding for aromatase) and sex steroid levels.Our first results showed that NPR3 rs2270915 G Allele was associated with high blood pressure (BP) and a reduced salt-sensitivity of BP. However, this SNP was not associated with any significant risk of cardio-vascular events (CVE) or death, at variance with rs6889608. Ultimately, CVE-free survival was impacted by salt intake with a reduced risk of morbi-mortality in those patients having the greatest intake, though a higher BP.In our second study, we confirmed that male gender was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN), but also for the occurrence of CVE. In men, we showed higher levels of estradiol (E2) associated with a higher prevalence of ND but without any significant increase in renal or CVE during follow-up. CYP19A1 variants were not associated with either E2 levels or the prevalence of ND. However, 2 SNPs tested, were significantly associated with the occurrence of end stage renal failure. Altogether, we have identified 2 different metabolic ways contributing to the genetic determinants of complications associated with T2D including a gene-environment interaction
Vigier, Nathalie. "Evaluation préliminaire du rôle de l'endosulfine alpha dans la physiopathologie du diabète de type 1, dans sa forme IDDM 11." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11105.
Full textPérol, Louis. "Immunothérapie par faibles doses d'IL-2 : potentiel therapeutique dans le diabète de type 1." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066328.
Full textCD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are essential for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is mandatory for the homeostasis of Treg cells and its administration at low-doses induces a specific dose-dependent boost of Treg cells. Previous work has demonstrated that a short-tem treatment with low-doses IL-2 can revert established autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse model. However, this strategy induces long-term reversal in only 30% of the treated mice and can be optimized. During my PHD, my work has focused on the optimization of T1D therapy with low-doses of IL-2. First, we tried to combine low-doses of IL-2 with rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug known to mainly affect Teff cells. The combined treatment (IL-2/Rapa) did not induce diabetes reversal and even reversibly broke IL-2-induced tolerance. Then, we tried to increase the IL-2 dose in order to increase the amplitude of the Treg boost. However, despite an important Treg cell boost, high-doses IL-2 administration to pre-diabetic NOD mice was toxic and precipitated T1D onset. In a second project, we described the existence of neutralizing anti-IL-2 autoantibodies in NOD mice and T1D patients. Our data suggested that anti-IL-2 autoantibodies negatively impacted on Treg cell homeostasis in vivo, contributing to the impaired immune tolerance observed in NOD mice and T1D patients. Altogether, our results lead to the consideration of low-doses IL-2, alone or combined, for the treatment of T1D. In addition, our demonstration of the existence of anti-IL-2 autoantibodies in NOD mice and T1D patients leads to a better understanding of T1D physiopathology
Plourde, Charles-Étienne. "Les mécanismes de résolutions du diabète de type 2 induits par la chirurgie bariatrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6038.
Full textFeseke, Keboya Solange. "L'association entre les niveaux d'arsenic urinaire et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25875.
Full textOBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between As exposure, as measured by total As concentration in urine, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study involved 3517 adults who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) carried out from 2007 to 2009. All participants had a blood test for glucose and glycated hemoglobin determination. Urine analysis was also performed for total arsenic determination. In addition, participants answered a detailed questionnaire about their lifestyle and medical history questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression to identify significant relationships, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Total urinary As is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and pre- diabetes: Adjusted odds ratio of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.12 to 2.95) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.02 to 4.07), respectively. Total urinary As is also associated with glycated hemoglobin in untreated diabetics. CONCLUSIONS: The association between arsenic exposure and the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes is observed in the Canadian population.
Berardet, Corentin. "Développement de techniques physiques et chimiques pour l’étude et l’inhibition de l’oligomérisation et de l’agrégation de IAPP : intérêt dans le diabète de type II." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS445.
Full textThe rising prevalence of type II diabetes, and associated adverse cardiovascular risks, is now considered as a major public health challenge. The aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is linked to beta-cell degeneration and to the pathogenesis of type II diabetes. The mechanism of hIAPP toxicity and the species involved (oligomers and/or fibrils) are far to be elucidated, although recent studies have shown that early formed species could be the most toxic species. Very few techniques are currently available to monitor in real time this oligomerization and to evaluate inhibitors of this pathological process. During this PhD project, we investigated CE and IMS-MS as potential techniques to monitor in vitro and in real time the oligomerization of hIAPP. A CE-UV method has been developed, which allows the activity evaluation of new inhibitors. An IMS-MS method has also been developed to investigate the interactions formed between hIAPP and the inhibitors. Peptidomimetics inhibitors have been rationally designed and synthesized in order to destabilize beta-sheets structures formed during the oligomerization process of hIAPP. The evaluation of those compounds revealed a relation between their structures and their inhibitory activities. Cellular viability tests are on-going to get more insights on those molecules activity
Pérez, Herrera Norma Maria. "Passage à l'insuline chez les aînés diabétiques de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24234/24234.pdf.
Full textVigneault, Jessica. "Étude des altérations métaboliques associées au diabète de type 2 selon le statut pondéral après une grossesse compliquée par un diabète gestationnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25796.
Full textWomen with prior gestational diabetes present higher risk to develop adverse metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes in the years following delivery. In recent years, the prevalence of gestational diabetes has increased and proportionally reflects the increase in the rates of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Findings from the present study suggest that a genetic score is associated with both gestational diabetes and progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes. Secondly, metabolic deteriorations associated with gestational diabetes were investigated on glucose and insulin homeostasis according to weight status after delivery. Even with a normal weight, women with previous gestational diabetes present higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes and present same clinical risk factors compared to overweight and obese women. A further increase in postpartum weight favours the apparition of metabolic deteriorations in women with gestational diabetes.