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Academic literature on the topic 'Diabète non insulinodépendant – Effets physiologiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diabète non insulinodépendant – Effets physiologiques"
Caron, Joanie. "Impact du diabète de type 2 bien contrôlé et sans complications cardiovasculaires sur la consommation d'oxygène, la cinétique de la consommation d'oxygène et la cinétique de la fréquence cardiaque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29672/29672.pdf.
Full textNlend, Albert Emmanuel. "Etude de l'influence de différents types d'acides gras sur le métabolisme glucidique chez le sujet diabétique non insulinodépendant." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P110.
Full textGence, Laura. "Étude des propriétés nutrition-santé d’un concentré d’agrume enrichi en hespéridine et β-cryptoxanthine : bioaccessibilité des caroténoïdes et effets santé impliqués dans la prévention du diabète de type 2." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0009.
Full textCitrus fruits, which are widely consumed worldwide, represent sources of carotenoids such as βCX, which contribute with flavonoids (HES) to the health effects of these fruits, particularly in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a worldwide pathology that is growing exponentially. The general objective of this work is therefore to study the nutritional and health properties of clementine juice concentrates obtained by innovative membrane technology and specifically enriched in both βCX and HES but also in pectins. The digestive behaviour of these phytomicronutrients, guarantors of the nutritional quality of the concentrates, was first assessed by coupling the in vitro digestion model with the Caco-2 intestinal cells. For a better physiological vision of the mechanisms associated with the first stages of digestion, models of static and dynamic digestion are compared. The bioavailability and intestinal absorption of carotenoids are strongly influenced by the content and structure of pectins. In a second step, the biological activities (disglycemia, dislipidemia, inflammation) involved in the prevention of T2D are evaluated in vivo in rat after administration of the citrus concentrate. The study demonstrated that a citrus food specifically enriched in βCX and HES is effective in preventing metabolic syndrome/T2D, highlighting the possible role of βCX and its retinoid bioconversion. A complementary in vitro study on murine macrophages reveals synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of the two phytomicronutrients
Ennequin, Gaël. "Rôle de la neuréguline 1 dans les adaptations du métabolisme énergétique en condition de pathologies métaboliques : effets de l'activité physique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20028.
Full textNeuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a cytokine that belongs to the epidermal growth factors family. NRG1can be released during exercise and can be define as a myokine. Initially studied for its rolein growth and maturation, NRG1 can also regulate glucose homeostasis in vitro. Thus, theaim of this work was to investigate the effect of training and metabolic disorders on NRG1pathway and its role in energy metabolism. Results showed that NRG1 pathway was notaltered in skeletal muscle of obese rats. Conversely, endurance training combined with awell-balanced diet improved NRG1 pathway activation in skeletal muscle of obese. Indeed, 8weeks of training and diet increased the cleavage of NRG1 and the activation of its receptorErbB4 through the activation of the metalloprotease ADAM17. Moreover, acute and chronictreatment improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice (db/db). Acute treatment loweredglycemia by activating ErbB3, Akt and FOXO1 in the livre. Thus, NRG1 might play a key role inthe regulation of glucose homeostasis in people who suffers from metabolic disorders.Training might a good tool to activate this pathway in skeletal muscle
Arcambal, Angélique. "Effet délétère de l’hyperglycémie sur la fonctionnalité des cellules endothéliales cérébrales et rôle protecteur de polyphénols antioxydants." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0004.
Full textType 2 diabetes promotes vascular complications, leading to cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke. Indeed, hyperglycemia alters the blood-brain barrier integrity by deregulating the cerebral endothelial cell function. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response may play a causal role. Thus, the biological effect of plant polyphenols known to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities is of high interest. We evaluated the impact of hyperglycemia on the production of redox, inflammatory and vasoactive markers of cerebral endothelial cells, and the protective effect of polyphenols from the medicinal plant Antirhea borbonica from Reunion island. The murine bEnd.3 cerebral endothelial cells and an ischemia-reperfusion mouse model exposed to hyperglycemia were used. Our results demonstrated that hyperglycemia induced an oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state, leading to cerebral endothelial dysfunction through the activation of specific signaling molecules. Importantly, polyphenols extracted from Antirhea borbonica counteracted hyperglycemia deleterious effects and protected cerebral endothelial cells. Moreover, hyperglycemia exacerbated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state promoting cerebrovascular damages and loss of endothelial barrier integrity in ischemia-reperfusion mice model. Polyphenols exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, attenuating cerebrovascular damages. These findings suggest that polyphenols extracted from Antirhea borbonica exerted protective effects on cerebral endothelial cells and an ischemia-reperfusion mouse model against deleterious effects of hyperglycemia
Nguyen, Thi Thu Ha. "Antidépresseurs et diabète de type 2 : une approche pharmacoépidémiologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30096.
Full textThe association between antidepressant (AD) use and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is debated. We hypothesized that if it exists, this risk may differ between AD classes and even between individual ADs depending on their pharmacodynamic characteristics. Several pharmacological targets of ADs could more specifically be involved in this Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). We applied a combined "Pharmacoepidemiological-Pharmacodynamic" (PE-PD) approach to test these hypotheses in the World Health Organization international database of suspected ADRs (VigiBase®). This method allows establishing ADR mechanism hypotheses through pharmacoepidemiological studies considering fundamental data (e.g. binding affinity). A significant signal for an increased T2D reporting risk was found with ADs in comparison with all other drugs presented in VigiBase®. The PE-PD study suggested that the inhibition of serotonin reuptake via serotonin transporter (SERT) could be involved in AD-induced T2D. Indeed, the inhibition of serotonin reuptake owing to ADs (resulting in an excess of serotonin transmission) may induce T2D in a short time mediated by inhibiting insulin release. We then aimed to investigate the impact of ADs on short-term (1 year) T2D occurrence by conducting an exploratory study. We performed a retrospective matched exposed-unexposed to AD cohort study in the UK primary care database (the Clinical Practice Research Datalink). "New AD users" and matched "new anxiolytic (AX) users" were included in the study and were followed up during the first year from their cohort entry. Outcome was new-onset T2D. Survival analysis at the first year of follow-up demonstrated that there was no difference between the occurrence of T2D and AD exposure in general in comparison with the control group of AX users. However, a significant increase of incident T2D cases was observed for AD exposure duration less than 3 months and this T2D seemed to be reversible in some patients. In conclusion, the results suggested that (1) high affinity for the SERT could partially explain the appearance of T2D in AD users, and (2) when rapidly appraising this ADR could be reversible in some patients
Grenier, Audrey. "Effets de la rosiglitazone sur la distribution adipeuse et la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 avec pontage aorto-coronarien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25552.
Full textAbdominal obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which includes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). An increase in VAT is associated with decreased heart rate variability, representing the balance of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Also, the effect of an increase in SAT on heart rate variability is not documented. Rosiglitazone, an oral antidiabetic, induce an increase in body weight preferentially by increasing body water and SAT. Following treatment with rosiglitazone for 12 months, we observed an increase in SAT. This increase in SAT did not influence heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes after coronary artery bypass surgery. These data suggest that an increase in SAT has no impact on heart rate variability in contrast to VAT.
Fazal, Loubina. "Effets combinés de l'aldosterone cardiaque et de l'entraînement physique dans un modèle de diabète de type 2 chez la souris." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077172.
Full textThe pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy involves many mechanisms, including those related to insulin resistance and deregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but their cardiac effects are not yet fully elucidated. Ln this study, we investigated the effects of cardiac aldosteronism and physical training in the context of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the main signaling pathways involved in the growth and survival of mouse heart. Using a mouse model of type 2 diabetes induced by a high fat and high carbohydrate diet, we observed an increase in oxidative stress and markers of inflammation and decreased capillary density in the heart of wild-type T2D animais. In this context, cardiac overexpression of aldosterone synthase prevents diabetic cardiac phenotype. This cardioprotective effect was associated with a mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent expression of IGF1-R resulting in activation of the Akt pathway and an increase in angiogenic factors. On the other hand, a theoretically beneficial moderate exercise, revealed a deleterious effect of cardiac aldosteronism (difficulties in the exercise, pathological cardiac hypertrophy and mortality). This suggests that the angiogenic effect of cardiac hyperaldosteronism associated with T2D is not sufficient to cope with this overload of cardiac output related to physical training
Ahnadi, Charaf-Eddine. "Mécanismes de régulation du transfert des esters de cholestérol : effets d'un inhibiteur de l'HMG-CoA réductase et du diabète de type II." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T048.
Full textFaillie, Jean-Luc. "Pharmacoépidémiologie et pharmacologie sociale des médicaments du diabète de type 2 : des données pharmacodynamiques de base à l'utilisation des bases de données : études du risque de cancer de la vessie associé à la pioglitazone et du risque de pancréatite aigüe associé aux incrétinomimétiques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2563/.
Full textIn this thesis, we examine two adverse reactions associated with drugs used in type 2 diabetes. First, we study the risk of bladder cancer with the use of pioglitazone. We show that characterization of its pharmacodynamic properties, interpretation of animal data and results from a clinical trial were mistaken and could have delayed the correct assessment of this risk. The numerous observational studies are also discussed. The review of data from all assessment methods published during the last 15 years demonstrates the existence of this risk. Second, we study the occurrence of acute pancreatitis associated with incretin-based drugs. After discussing pharmacodynamic issues, we present a study showing a signal of pancreatitis associated with incretin-based drugs in the French National Pharmacovigilance Database. Then, the risk of acute pancreatitis was assessed in a cohort study from the UK Clinical Practice Research Database. Adjusted for several important cofactors, the use of incretin-based drugs was not associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis compared to sulfonylureas use. However, these results do not exclude potential chronic pancreatic inflammation or acute pancreatic adverse effects in the long term with incretin-based drugs. These examples allow us to emphasize the importance of basic pharmacodynamic data. We show that risk assessment needs the concordance of studies from all sources of data available (pharmacodynamics data, clinical trials, adverse events database studies and observational studies). We discuss the influence of methodological limits and limits related to social factors on the quality of drug risk studies