Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diabète – Traitement'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Diabète – Traitement.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Uthurry, Monique. "Approche temporelle du traitement du diabète insulinodépendant." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P021.
Full textLaporte, Franck. "Traitement et perspectives de traitement du diabète de type II." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P089.
Full textGouget, Bernard. "L' analyse économique du traitement du diabète infantile." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010034.
Full textGuillat, Corinne. "Place du stylo à insuline dans le traitement du diabète sucré." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11114.
Full textBireau, Jean-pierre. "Bases pharmacologiques du traitement non hormonal du diabète insipide." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3401.
Full textBen, Abdeljelil Anis. "Le traitement du diabète de type 2 chez les moins de 65 ans : description et qualité du traitement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26384/26384.pdf.
Full textSabalette, Sophie. "Le gliclazide et ses atouts dans le traitement du diabète de type II : rappel sur le diabète de type II et ses complications." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P096.
Full textHachet, Emilie. "Systèmes biocompatibles et biodégradables par modification chimique contrôlée de polysaccharides pour le traitement de patients diabétiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV083.
Full textThis PhD thesis belongs to the area of stimuli-responsive materials, which have attracted a growing interest since several years. Its aim is to design biocompatible and biodegradable stimuli-responsive nanogels obtained from chemically modified polysaccharides to treat diabetic patients. These systems may be used to release insulin in a self-regulated manner. This common disorder of blood glucose regulation due to a lack of insulin is a major public health problem affecting about 250 millions of people in the world today, as compared to 30 millions twenty years ago. Patients diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes must take insulin by injecting themselves with a needle at least twice a day. The nanogels targeted in this work are thus expected to release insulin as a function of blood glucose concentration.This project will thus consist in the controlled synthesis of polysaccharides bearing cross-linkable groups and a sugar sensor. These biopolymers will be then used to prepare hydrogels and nanogels (using liposomes as nanoreactors)
Molou, Sabir. "Inhibiteurs des alpha-glucosidases : nouvelle classe thérapeutique dans le traitement du diabète non insulino-dépendant." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P102.
Full textTamisier, Laurence. "Cyclosporine A et diabète insulinodépendant : recherche d'un rythme posologique assurant un traitement efficace et non toxique." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P194.
Full textMeyer, Françoise. "Les huiles de poisson : un traitement adjuvant dans le diabète non-insulino-dépendant ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M054.
Full textKuhn, Chantal. "Immunothérapie du diabète auto-immun : de la prévention au traitement de la maladie établie." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T038.
Full textOur aim was the development of innovative strategies of immune-intervention allowing efficient interfering with progression of autoimmune diabetes, even at a late stage. We focussed on two strategies: usage of monoclonal anti-CD3 antibodies and of bacterial products. Anti-CD3 antibodies have the remarkable capacity to induce long-lasting and antigen-specific tolerance in NOD mice, which spontaneously develop diabetes. We generated and characterised transgenic NOD mice expressing the human CD3s chain (NOD-huCD3s). These mice spontaneously develop autoimmune diabetes, identical to conventional NOD mice, respond to treatment with murine- or human-specific anti-CD3 antibodies and thus present an ideal preclinical model. In a second effort, we studied the protective effect of certain bacterial products, primary of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists, on the development of diabetes. These molecules are interesting candidates for a transfer into the clinics
Introvigne, Carine. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de ligands mixtes des PPAR α et γ dans le traitement du diabète de type 2." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S024.
Full textOur work consisted on the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of PPAR and PPAR ligands. After introducing PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferated Activated Receptor), we gived some informations about the metabolism of lipoproteins in order to better understand their implication in differents pathologies as type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases. PPAR subtypes were then approached and we have detailed the molecular mechanism of action and functional role of their ligands. In the second part, we were based on previous works of our laboratory to design and synthesize new compounds, fibrates structurally related and establish structure-activity relationships in each series. Finally all of chemical reactions will be detailled in the third part and the pharmacological results will be specified and discussed for each series. All these compounds have been or are still being studied in vitro and in vivo by « les Laboratoires Servier », in order to determine their affinities and activities on PPAR and PPAR, as well as their effects on biomarkers such as triglycerides, glucose, and insulin resistance
Dumond, François. "Etude de cocktails insuliniques dans le traitement du diabète sucré : étude de l'interaction des insulines ordinaire et NPH après mélange dans une même seringue avant l'injection." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11086.
Full textPerrin, Mireille. "Effets comparés du traitement par antidiabétiques oraux et insuline sur les lipides plasmatiques, la fonction plaquettaire et la peroxydation lipidique dans le diabète sucré insulinonécessitant." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11085.
Full textBissonnette, Virginie. "Évaluation des coûts et éléments d'efficacité du traitement d'un ulcère du pied diabétique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5962.
Full textLasalle, Manuel. "TGR5, cible thérapeutique pour le traitement du diabète de type 2 et ses complications métaboliques : de la chimie aux effets biologiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S023/document.
Full textBile acids have long been known as lipid solubilizing agents, enabling efficient absorption of nutrients and vitamins during digestion. Since 2000, several teams have demonstrated the signaling properties of these molecules, especially through the activation of two receptors : the nuclear receptor FXR and the membrane receptor TGR5.The TGR5 receptor is expressed in various tissues, such as smooth and skeletal muscles, brown adipose tissue, gallbladder, but also on some immune or intestinal cell lines such as the enteroendocrine L cells. Depending on the studied tissue, TGR5 activation can trigger various biological effects. In the intestine, its activation can stimulate the secretion of an incretin hormone, the GLP-1.Incretin hormones play a role in glycaemia regulation, especially during the postprandial phase during which they potentiate the action of the insulin, the main hypoglycemic hormone. Diabetes mellitus correspond to a decreased response of the organism to insulin signaling. This leads to a default in the glycaemia handling that can lead to serious complications, such as amputation, blindness, or cardiovascular problems. Prevalence and incidence of this disease have lead the WHO to define diabetes as the first non-infectious epidemic, illustrating its impact on public health and the constant need for new therapeutic opportunities.In this context, TGR5 appears as an appealing potential therapeutic target, especially because of the GLP-1 secretagogue effect triggered by its activation. Indeed, among the antidiabetic therapeutic options, two classes of drugs work by increasing the incretin signaling: the incretinopotentiators (inhibitors of the DPP4, which is the enzyme responsible for the very short half-life of GLP-1), and the incretinomimetics (synthetic agonists of the GLP-1 receptor). Recently, this last class has also been approved to treat obesity. This demonstrates the interest of this signaling pathway in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Hence, GLP-1 secretagogue compounds may prove to be an interesting approach, and could complement the two other classes.The aim of this work was then to obtain potent, selective and original agonists of the TGR5 receptor. In order to decrease the risk of on-target and off-target effects, we decided to take advantage of the intestinal localization of our target by designing compounds that would only expose the gastro-intestinal tract, by limiting their absorption. Thus, we wanted to obtain non systemic GLP-1 secretagogue compounds.Our strategy was to develop chimeric compounds consisting of a pharmacophore part, which would be a potent and selective agonist of TGR5, linked to a kinetophore part, which would decrease membrane permeability. After having optimized the pharmacophore part and having identified a position where we could link various kinetophore moieties with only weak impact on the activity, we obtained several potent TGR5 agonists with very low membrane permeability. In vivo evaluations of these compounds have validated both their GLP-1 secretagogue activity and their low systemic exposure. In the end, evaluation of our lead compound on mouse model of diabetes was recently started
Lalej-Bennis, Dalila. "Mise au point et évaluation de la voie nasale d'administration de l'insuline dans le traitement du diabète sucré." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S020.
Full textDuly-Bouhanick, Béatrice. "Contribution a l'evaluation pronostique et au traitement de la nephropathie du diabetique de type 1." Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0501.
Full textTalbot, Jason. "Le GLP-1 et la néogénèse de cellules Beta : Une avenue thérapeutique pour le diabète." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27094/27094.pdf.
Full textMabika, Landry Clark. "Influence des croyances et des représentations du diabète sur l’observance au traitement chez des femmes enceintes : étude comparative." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0043/document.
Full textIntroduction: With the adoption of an approach centered on the patient, the treatment of chronic diseases considere the patient as a major player, or even facing the central responsibility for the evolution of his illness. Hence, the need to take into account the perceptions of the patient, based on his beliefs and representations of disease, involves systematically to question compliance and the role of cultural factors shaping the experience of illness and health behaviours. In this context, the experience of diabetes during pregnancy appears to be a particularly sensitive time in which the observance of patients can be tested by the perceptions of diabetes, its consequences and emotions that emerge. Objective: to propose a comparative study of compliance through its psycho-socio-cultural determinants that reflect the perceptions of the disease among diabetic pregnant women divided in two groups that stand out in particular by the model of diabetes care. Methodology: A total of 89 participants took part in this study (France group: n = 60; Gabon group: n = 29) was conducted using a quantitative and qualitative methodology. The quantitative section consists of the following measuring instruments: an adherence scale (EGOMAC), a questionnaire representations Diabetes (IPQ-R) and a health beliefs questionnaire (EHBMQ). The qualitative part is itself mainly based on semi-structured interviews. Results: Women of France group are generally more observant than women of Gabon group (m = 3,15 (0,22) vs m = 2,84 (0,19)) and it seems that perceptions related to disease and greatly influence treatment compliance and the practice of medical prescriptions. Significant associations were found between the scores IPQ-R and EHBMQ scales and participating adherence scores. It also appears that patients forming our two groups have very different perceptions of diabetes and the disease do not live the same way, which may explain the disparity in the results we have obtained. Discussion: the significant links between beliefs, representations and observance suggest the need for their consideration in the management of chronic diseases; taking account of the patient as a whole would be a factor improving adherence
Pillard, Christelle. "Synthèse de nouveaux modulateurs des PPARs pour le traitement du diabète de type II et du syndrome métabolique." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2086.
Full textMénard, Julie. "Les effets d'un programme de traitement multifactoriel intensif chez des patients avec diabète de type 2 mal contrôlé." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4150.
Full textZomahoun, Hervé Tchala Vignon. "Adhésion au traitement antidiabétique oral chez les adultes atteints de diabète de type 2 : déterminants et interventions visant à l'améliorer." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26827.
Full textBackground: Type 2 diabetes is a progressive, debilitating and often fatal disease that reaches more and more people in the world. Non-insulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) treatment especially oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) treatment is the one often used in adults with type 2 diabetes. However, many of these people do not take their OAD as prescribed, posing the problem of sub-optimal adherence. This leads to negative consequences for both patients and society in which they live. It would therefore be relevant to search possible solutions for this problem. Objectives: Three research objectives were studied 1) To explore the ability of the theory of planned behaviour to predict NIAD adherence among adults with type 2 diabetes; 2) To estimate the overall effectiveness of OAD adherence-enhancing interventions, and to explore which of the behavior change techniques that were applied in the intervention groups modified this overall effectiveness; 3) To assess whether MI interventions are effective to enhance medication adherence in adults with chronic diseases and to explore the effect of individual MI intervention characteristics.Methods: For the objective 1, we performed a web survey followed by an assessment of NIAD adherence after 30 days among adults with type 2 diabetes, members of Diabète Québec. The web survey consisted of the completion of a self-administrated and validated questionnaire which included TPB variables (intention, behavioural perceived control, and attitude) and external variables. The information about the calculation of NIAD treatment adherence came from pharmacy files of survey’s attendees via ReMed platform. A multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between intention and future NIAD adherence, and the interaction between intention and past adherence. For the objectives 2 and 3, two systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model was used to estimate the overall effectiveness of interventions (Hedges’s g) and its confidence interval (95% CI) for each review. We also quantified the heterogeneity (Higgins’s I2) between studies, and made sensitivity and sub-group analyses. Results: For objective 1: There was an interaction between past NIAD adherence and intention to adhere to the NIAD (p-value= 0.03). Intention did not predict future NIAD adherence in the past adherers and non-adherers groups, but its association measure was high among past non-adherers. In contrast, the intention was predicted by the perceived behavioural control both in adherers ([β= 0.90, 95% CI= (0.80, 1.00)] and in non-adherers [β= 0.76, 95% CI= (0.56, 0.97)]). For objective 2: The pooled effectiveness of the interventions was 0.21 [(95% CI= (-0.05, 0.47); I²= 82%)]. The pooled effectiveness of the interventions in which interventionists helped patients and/or clinicians to cope with side effects was 0.64 [95% CI= (0.31, 0.96); I2= 56%]. For objective 3: The pooled MI intervention effect size was 0.12 [95% CI= (0.05, 0.20), I2= 1%]. Interventions that were based on MI only [ẞ= 0.18, 95% CI= (0.00, 0.36)] or those in which interventionists were coached during intervention implementation [ẞ= 0.47, 95% CI= (0.03, 0.90)] were the most effective. MI interventions that were delivered solely face-to-face were more effective than those that were delivered solely by phone [ẞ= 0.27, 95% CI= (0.04, 0.5)]. Conclusions: There was a gap between intention to adhere and future adherence to NIAD, which is partly explained by past adherence level in adults with type 2 diabetes. However, we did not have sufficient statistical power to show a statistically significant association between intention and future adherence among past non-adherers. In contrast, we have succeeded to identify a few solutions for the problem of suboptimal OAD adherence. Indeed, interventions in which interventionists helped patients to cope with side effects appear to be particularly effective in improving OAD adherence. Also, MI interventions are effective at enhancing medication adherence across a wide range of chronic diseases. Motivational interviewing could be used as a clinical tool to support patients in the self-management of their OAD treatment.
Camy, Sophie. "La pompe portable externe dans le traitement du diabète insulino-dépendant : bilan du centre d'insulinothérapie au CHU du Haut-Lévêque de 1993 à 1996, perspectives d'avenir." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P029.
Full textPellerin, Marieve. "Diabète gestationnel : insuline ou hypoglycémiants oraux ? Étude pilote de la préférence des femmes et de l'influence du traitement sur la qualité de vie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8036.
Full textAbstract: Background: The use of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still debated. Insulin remains the first line treatment after diet failure. We hypothesized that OHA allows for better quality of life (QOL) in women with GDM and that the y prefer OHA to insulin therapy. Methods: Pilot study; 73 women with GDM were randomly assigned to the OHA group (metformin ± glyburide ± supplementary insulin, as needed) or the insulin group. General health, well-being, and treatment satisfaction using established questionnaires (SF-36, Well-Being Questionnaire and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) were respectively assessed at randomization, 38 weeks, and postpartum. Treatment preference and depression were assessed 8 weeks postpartum using the MIG questionnaire and the Short-form Edinburgh Depression Scale. Our primary outcomes were 1) preference of treatment and 2) QOL. Secondary outcomes included maternal glycemic control (hypoglycemia defined as plasma glucose < 3.3 mmol/L), as well as gestational and neonatal complications. Results: Analyses were performed in 68 women. In the OHA group (n= 34), 35.3% women received insulin therapy. More women in the OHA group than in the insulin group preferred their assigned treatment for another pregnancy (72.7% vs. 42.4%, p < 0.01) if a treatment is needed. No statistical differences between groups were found for the 3 items of QOL, the depression score, and neonatal complications. The mean rate of maternal hypoglycemia was higher in the OHA group (0. 8 vs. 0.1, p < 0.008). No statistical differences were found for other maternal and neonatal issues. Conclusion: Women declared to prefer OHA to insulin for a subsequent pregnancy complicated by GDM. QOL was similar in both groups. Use of OHA was not associated to clinically significant differences in maternal and neonatal complications.
Lunghi, Carlotta. "La dépression parmi les patients atteints de diabète de type 2 au Québec : effet sur l'adhésion au traitement antidiabétique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28303.
Full textIntroduction: The risk of depression is higher among people with type 2 diabetes and depression has been associated with a worse course of diabetes, poor adherence to clinical recommendations regarding diet, sports activity and adherence to antidiabetic drug therapy, poor glycemic control and an increased risk of complications and mortality. Objectives: In a cohort of individuals insured under the public drug plan in Quebec and newly treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), the objectives were to: (1) estimate the incidence rate of depression in the period 2000–2008 and identify factors associated with the occurrence of depression; (2) measure the association between depression and antidiabetic drugs (ADs) non-adherence and to identify factors associated with non-adherence; (3) measure the association between depression and non-persistence with antidiabetic drug (AD) treatment and to identify factors associated with non-persistence. Methods: We used the public drug insurance plan administrative data to identify a cohort of new users of OADs aged 18 and above between 2000 and 2006. For the objective 1, we followed the patients from the initiation of antidiabetic drug treatment until the diagnosis of depression, the loss of eligibility for the public drug plan, the death or the end of the study. We calculated incidence rates of depression and analyzed the factors associated with depression using a multivariate Cox regression analysis. For the objective 2, we carried out depression diagnosis-time distribution matching by assigning a date of depression diagnosis to the individuals without depression. Non-adherence was calculated during the year following depression diagnosis (real or assigned). To estimate the association between depression and ADs non-adherence we used multivariate logistic regression. We analyzed the factors associated with non-adherence among the patients with depression using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. For the objective 3, we followed the patients from AD initiation until either discontinuation, ineligibility for the public drug plan, death, or the end of the study. We used regression analyses to model Cox proportional hazards with depression as a time-dependent variable to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) of non-persistence. Cox regression models were used to identify factors associated with non-persistence among the patients with depression. Results: Objective 1: We identified 114,366 new OADs users, of which 4808 had a diagnosis of depression. The overall incidence rates of depression were 9.47/1000 person-years (PY) (10.72/1000 PA for women and 8.27/1,000 PA for men). The incidence of depression was higher in the year following OAD treatment initiation. Independent factors associated with depression included having had mental disorders other than depression, hospitalizations, a higher number of different drugs taken and of physicians visited during the year before OAD initiation. Objective 2: after applying the exclusion criteria, we identified 3106 new OADs users with a diagnosis of depression and 70,633 without a diagnosis of depression. Among patients with depression, 52.0% were considered non-adherent to AD treatment in the year after OAD treatment initiation. Depression was associated with non-adherence with ADs after adjustment for baseline adherence and other confounders with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13 -1.37). Baseline non-adherence, younger age, adding an AD to the initial treatment, having claimed fewer than 4 drugs, visiting several different doctors, having a high socio-economic status and a low number of diabetes-related complications were all the variables that were associated with non-adherence to ADs. Objective 3: during the follow-up, a greater proportion of patients with depression compared to those without depression (55.4% and 42.5%, respectively) discontinued their AD treatment. The AHR of non-persistence with ADs was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.41 to 1.63). Among patients with depression, the independent factors associated with non-persistence include starting an AD treatment in younger age (< 45 years) and starting the treatment with ADs other than metformin. Conclusions: The incidence of depression diagnosed in Quebec is higher during the first year following the start of diabetes treatment and the subjects being at higher risk for depression are women, patients starting a treatment with OADs in younger age, those with a low socio-economic status and those with a history of anxiety or dementia. Depression is an independent risk factor for ADs non-adherence and non-persistence. Patients with type 2 diabetes and depression could benefit from close monitoring and targeted interventions aiming at improving adherence to ADs.
Lévesque, Josée. "Impact d'un traitement avec fenofibrate ou atorvastatin sur la cinétique in vivo de la protéine C-réactive." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26057/26057.pdf.
Full textPoirier, Marie-Sol. "Perception des impacts, acceptation et acceptabilité de dispositifs nanotechnologiques utilisés en médecine: le cas de la prévention et du traitement des plaies de pression chez les personnes atteintes de diabète." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9488.
Full textSirois, Caroline. "Qualité du traitement cardioprotecteur du diabète de type 2 chez les aînés québécois et son impact sur la morbidité cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27375/27375.pdf.
Full textBen, Ali Yassine. "Etude du mécanisme d'inhibition de la lipase hormono-sensible humaine, cible thérapeutique pour le traitement du diabète du type 2." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22002.pdf.
Full textHoguet, Vanessa. "Optimisation de nouveaux agonistes topiques intestinaux du récepteur aux acides biliaires TGR5 pour le traitement du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S024/document.
Full textThe membrane receptor TGR5 (Takeda G Protein-coupled Receptor 5) is an ubiquitous receptor sensitive to bile acids. It is expressed in many tissues and organs including the intestine (in enteroendocrine L cells), the gallbladder, smooth and skeletal muscles, brown adipose tissue and in some immune cells. In vitro and in vivo studies in animals have shown beneficial effects of TGR5 activation on energy and glucose homeostasis. It is now commonly accepted that the beneficial effects of TGR5 on glucose homeostasis are, at least in part, mediated by its ability to promote the secretion of the intestinal incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in enteroendocrine L cells.However, recent experiments have shown that the activation of TGR5 by systemic agonists in animal models can induce unwanted effects such as increased gallbladder volume, itching and cardiovascular issues. In order to avoid the undesired effects of systemic agonists of TGR5, the project focused on the development of TGR5 agonists with an intestine targeted distribution and a very low oral bioavailability. Then, we hypothesized that the activation of TGR5 limited to the intestinal epithelium without systemic exposure would promote the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis via the GLP-1 secretagogue effect, while minimizing systemic effects on other tissues or organs expressing TGR5.On the basis of structure-activity relationships on a series of TGR5 agonists developed in the laboratory, we have designed chimeric compounds as follows: the pharmacophore responsible for activity on the TGR5 receptor is bound, via a linker, at structural elements called kinetophores that fine-tune the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of our agonists to limit their intestinal absorption. Thus, the aim of this work was to obtain powerful and original non-systemic TGR5 agonists acting in the intestine to generate the in vivo proof of concept of the therapeutic potential of such agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.A systematic study of the effect of various kinetophores was performed. About thirty compounds have been synthesized in 8 to 12 steps allowing the identification of powerful agonists with pharmacokinetic properties in accordance with our strategy of topical intestinal compounds. In vivo studies were then used to validate the GLP-1 secretagogue effect of such compounds. Finally, evaluation of one of the best compounds in a murine model of diabetes allowed us to validate the hypothesis that a topical intestinal agonist of TGR5 can have a beneficial effect on energy and glucose homeostasis
Pirog, Antoine. "An embedded system for the multiparametric analysis of biological signals : application to the pancreatic biosensor of insulin demand." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0836/document.
Full textExtracellular recording of electrical activity is a widespread technique in neurosciences, but only recently has it been applied to pancreatic islets and beta cells. The ease of use of Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) has opened new perspectives for the electrophysiology of pancreatic cells, including screening methods for clinics and biosensor approaches for the artificial pancreas. This thesis is a contribution to the design and characterization of a hybrid biosensor composed of pancreatic cells cultured on an MEA and dedicated processing electronics. This device is the product of multi-disciplinary projects conducted at IMS (Bioelectronics group), partnered with CBMN (Cell biology and Biosensors team), both at the University of Bordeaux. Projects also involved the endocrinology service of university hospitals in Bordeaux, Montpellier, Grenoble, and Geneva.The covered projects include:- ISLET-CHIP (French ANR 2013-PRTS-0017), investigating a method of evaluating the quality of a preparation prior to its transplantation in type-I diabetic patients.- BIODIA (EU FEDER), characterizing islet electrical response to glucose, hormone, and drug stimuli for screening, cell differentiation, and closed-loop approaches.- DIAGLYC (French regional grant 2017 1R30 226), investigating the use of the hybrid biosensor as an artificial pancreas front-end sensor.The thesis tackles the biosensor in both its electronic and biological aspects, its integration in applicative experimental setups, and experimental results. It also addresses the modeling of a closed regulation loop for type-I diabetic patients.First, the electronic processing platform is described. It is a custom board performing multichannel acquisition and digital signal processing. It is built around an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that makes its processing architecture versatile and evolutive. It is capable of measuring, displaying and storing multichannel data. Computation was optimized for low-processing latencies compatible with closed-loop configurations. Both its processing algorithms and architecture are detailed.Then, experimental results using this system and its algorithms are shown to illustrate islet response to glucose, drug, and hormone stimuli. Islet activity is quantified by analyzing Action Potentials (APs), and more importantly Slow Potentials (SPs), a novel electrical signature exclusively measured on pancreatic islets. These measurements in both steady state and dynamic regime help characterize the biosensor response, but also shed light on the endogenous algorithms of islets of Langerhans.Finally, approaches for integrating the biosensor in an artificial pancreas are investigated. The measured glucose and hormone responses are modeled and simulated in a full-body glucose-insulin system. This concept is novel in that the sensor in charge of measuring insulin demand in the body is not only sensitive to glucose, but also to blood hormones
Boivin, Annie. "L'art de la négociation entre son contexte de vie et le diabète de type 2 : stratégies d'autogestion développées par les femmes de l'île de la Réunion." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26071/26071.pdf.
Full textThis master’s thesis concerns type 2 diabetes self-management strategies developed by the women of Reunion Island. Our research was conducted in the French Overseas Department where 15 % of adults are affected by this disease. We were inspired by the model described by Kleinman et al. (1978) and Young (1982) on the three dimensions of the disease, namely disease / illness / sickness, further developed by Massé (1995), to understand how women managed to cope with diabetes in their social and family environment. Data for the analysis was collected using individual interviews as well as one focus group. The women who succeeded in managing their diabetes more efficiently are the ones who managed to create a sphere of negotiation between medical advice and their life context. We first describe the reality of women through their culture, roles and obligations. The medical recommendations are then presented which, considering the biological dimension of the disease (disease), are often disembodied from what women live. Finally, we see how using lay knowledge, which can be described as an interpretation of medical, alternative and popular discourses, as well as one’s own experiences, helped these women to successfully develop strategies to negotiate between their everyday lives and the constraints of the disease. Some facilitators of the negotiation process are also identified. Those people that have found the means to adapt to the disease could potentially be involved in the development of intervention processes based on lay knowledge which would be better adapted to the reality of diabetic people living in Reunion Island, where this disease is on the rise.
Liberge, Gwenaëlle. "Synthèse de molécules nouvelles à potentialités thérapeutiques dans le traitement des troubles du métabolisme (diabète, obésité, prise alimentaire) et du cancer." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-99-100.pdf.
Full textProvost-Bernier, Ginette. "Relation entre le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle, les attitudes et l’observance du traitement du diabète par des personnes âgées de 55 ans et plus." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11144.
Full textMoreau, Lapointe Michel. "Développement systématique d'une intervention tailoring internet automatisée faisant la promotion de la pratique d'activités physiques régulière chez les personnes atteintes du diabète de type 2 insuffisamment actives : intégration de la Théorie de l'autodétermination, de l'entretien motivationnel et du I-Change Model." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25729.
Full textBackground: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major challenge for public health authorities in Canada and regular physical activity is a key factor in the management of this disease. Given that less than half of people with T2D in Canada are sufficiently active to meet the recommendations, effective programs targeting the adoption of regular PA are in demand for this population. Many researchers argued that web-based tailored interventions targeting PA is a promising and effective avenue for sedentary populations like Canadians with T2D, but few aimed to describe the detailed development of this kind of intervention. Objective: This master’s thesis aims to describe the systematic development of the Diabète en Forme (DEF) web-based tailored intervention promoting regular PA among adult Canadian Francophones with T2D, which can be used as a reference for health professionals interested in developing similar interventions. This master’s thesis also explores the integration of theoretical components derived from the I-Change Model, Self-Determination (SDT) Theory and Motivational Interviewing (MI), a potential path for enhancing the effectiveness of tailored interventions on PA adoption and maintenance. Method: The intervention was built using an adaptation of the program-planning model for tailored interventions developed by Kreuter and his colleagues. An additional step was added to the model to evaluate the intervention’s usability prior to the implementation phase. Results: An eight-week intervention was developed using a theoretical framework integrating the three models previously mentioned. The key components of the intervention include a self-monitoring tool for PA behaviour, a weekly action planning tool and eight tailored motivational sessions based on attitude, self-efficacy, intention, type of motivation, PA behaviour and other constructs and techniques. Usability evaluation, a step added to the original program-planning model, helped to make several improvements to the intervention prior to the implementation phase. Conclusion: Usability evaluation is an essential step in the development of a web-based tailored intervention in order to make pre-implementation improvements. The effectiveness and relevance of the theoretical framework used for the intervention will be analyzed following the process and impact evaluation. Implications for future research are discussed.
Roussel, Morgane. "Modulation du trafficking et de la signalisation du récepteur GLP-1 dans la cellule β pancréatique par un traitement chronique aux glucocorticoïdes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT041/document.
Full textPancreatic beta cells synthesize and secrete insulin, the only hypoglycemic hormone in the body. These cells play a central role in the onset of diabetes. To protect the functional beta-cell mass is essential. The GLP-1 receptor, which belongs to the class B of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, is a major therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. Through its receptor, GLP-1 potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion and improves the survival of pancreatic beta cells. Glucocorticoids are stress hormones implied in energetic metabolism and are widely used in therapeutics for their anti-inflammatory, immunosupressive and anti-allergic properties. Neverless, on chronic administration, glucocorticoids can induce metabolic syndrome especially due beta cell functional mass impairement. Here, we characterized the impact of a prolonged exposure of pancreatic beta cells to a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) on biological actions of glucose and GLP-1.We show that a chronic exposure of beta cells to dexamethasone exerted deleterious effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion and ERK1/2 (Extracelllular Regulated Kinases 1/2) activation. In contrast, we observed that the glucocorticoid treatment increased GLP-1 receptor expression at the plasma membrane and improved the Galpha s protein coupling leading to an enhancement of cAMP production (2 fold increase). Despite the negative impact on glucose effects, glucocorticoids did not impair neither GLP-1-induced insulin secretion nor ERK1/2 activation. This study reveals that a glucocorticoid chronic exposure 1) regulates GLP-1 receptor trafficking and increases its expression to the plasma membrane, 2) causes supersensitization of Gαs-associated signaling, and 3) could impact on therapeutic effects of GLP-1 receptor-based drugs
Parmenon, Cécile. "Synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux ligands des récepteurs activés par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes pour le traitement du diabète de type II et du syndrome métabolique." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3801.
Full textType 2 diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease with disabling complications, is assumed to be reaching epidemic proportions. For the past decade, the emerging knowledge of its key pathogenic mechanisms has led to the identification of a number of molecular drug targets. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs), consisting on three subtypes PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily with pleiotropic effects especially on energetic metabolism. Following a common model of PPAR ligands, we synthesized novel 4,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based Selective PPARγ Modulators and PPARα/γ dual agonists optimizing each essential structural elements: the acidic head, the linker and the hydrophobic tail. After in vitro evaluation, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the most promising compounds were tested in vivo in ob/ob mice
Boudaba, Nadia. "Régulation du métabolisme des lipides par l’AMPK dans le foie : implications dans le développement et le traitement de la stéatose hépatique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T043.
Full textFatty liver disease affects between 20-40% of the population. This pathology is usually associated with metabolic disease. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Altered lipids metabolism in the liver resulting on hepatic fat accumulation is probably due to fatty liver. There is no specific treatment for fatty liver disease. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy metabolism. In particular, AMPK regulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis, and stimulating fatty acids oxidation. Several studies have shown an association between intracellular lipid accumulation and loss of AMPK activity in the liver. These observations suggest that AMPK may be a factor involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we generated a new model of knockout mice lacking the catalytic subunits of AMPK α1 and α2 specifically in the liver. We analyzed the consequences of this deletion on lipid metabolism in different nutritional conditions. Deletion of AMPK in the liver does not affect hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol content in fasted or in refed conditions with a high carbohydrate diet. Also, lipogenic genes expression is not altered in the liver of these animals. Moreover, the oxidation of fatty acids is not impaired after 24 hour of fasting. Surprisingly, lacking AMPK specifically in the liver does not aggraving fatty liver, hyperglycemia, or impaired glucose tolerance when the mice are on high fat diet condition. However, the activation of AMPK in vivo with a direct activator, A-769662, normalizes hepatic steatosis in lipodystrophyc aP2-SREBP-1c mice and in obese mice placed on high-fat diet. This effect is AMPK dependent because it is completely abolished in mice lacking AMPK specifically in liver. In primary mice hepatocytes, AMPK activation by a direct activator (A-769662) or by indirect activators (metformin and AICAR) reduces lipogenesis rates and increases fatty acids oxidation rates. These effects were completely abolished in hepatocytes lacking AMPK, showing the specific action of AMPK on lipid metabolism in response to these compounds. These results obtained in mice can be extrapolated to humans. Indeed, we have shown that AMPK activation in primary humain hepatocytes inhibits effectively fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis rates. In conclusion, our results showed that inactivation of AMPK in the liver is not a triggering or an aggraving factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Nevertheless, AMPK re-activation has a therapeutic benefit for the treatment of fatty liver disease. Thus, AMPK is a potential target to treat fatty liver disease in human
Trabelsi, Mohamed-Sami. "Rôle du récepteur nucléaire FXR dans la régulation de la production de GLP-1 : nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans le traitement du diabète de type 2 ?" Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S012/document.
Full textOriginally identified as dietary lipid detergents, bile acids (BA) are now recognized as signaling molecules which bind to the transmembrane receptor TGR5 and the nuclear receptor FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor). Upon binding to TGR5 at the surface of enteroendocrine L cells, bile acids (BA) promote the secretion of the incretin GLP-1 which potentiates the glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells. More than 50% of the insulin secretion in response to glucose is mediated by GLP-1 and the other incretin Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP). Once secreted, GLP-1 is rapidly (2-3 minutes) degraded by the endothelial enzyme Dipeptydil Peptidase 4 (DPP4). GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors are successfully used for the treatment of T2D. FXR is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor highly expressed in the liver and in the distal intestine. FXR controls BA, lipid and glucose metabolism. Whether FXR is expressed, functional in intestinal enteroendocrine L cells and in which extend its activation affects GLP-1 production are not yet reported. Encouraging data were obtained during my M2 training course. The aim of my thesis was thus to assess whether FXR in enteroendocrines cells could participate in the control of the deregulation of glucose homeostasis. Multiple in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo human and murine models allowed us to show that FXR is present and functional in L cells. FXR activation decreases GLP-1 production and secretion in L cells by inhibiting glycolysis pathway through an interference with the carbohydrate responsive transcription factor ChREBP. Finally, I identified an additional mechanism of action of the bile acid sequestrant Colesevelam, a molecule currently successfully used in USA for treating type 2 diabetic patients
Cotillard, Aurélie. "Développement d'une méthodologie robuste de sélection de gènes dans le cadre d'une activation pharmacologique de la voie PPAR." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451969.
Full textGallot, Serge. "Contribution à l'étude du miglitol dans le traitement des diabètes non insulinodépendants insuffisamment équilibrés par les traitements oraux." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11148.
Full textRochet, Nathalie. "Physiopathologie des troubles de la glycémie : intérêt de nouvelles classes d'agents pharmacologiques dans le traitement de l'insulinorésistance : rôle d'autoanticorps dirigés contre le récepteur de l'insuline dans le diabète de type 1 et dans certaines hypoglycémies autoimmunes." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4310.
Full textDussault, Marc-André. "Développement d'un dispositif d'extrusion tridimensionnelle de sucre vitrifié pour la production de réseaux fluidiques complexes par moulage rapide." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27252.
Full textThe overall goal of this broad research project, within which this master project took place, is to cure type 1 diabetes. We aim to produce a vascularized bioartificial pancreas that would be made of beta cells embedded in a hydrogel (i.e. insulin secreting cells). This organ would restore to type 1 diabetics the self-capacity to secrete insulin, thus to control in real time their glycaemia. Vascularization is currently a major issue in the field of tissue engineering. Most tissues produced by TE are limited in thickness due to the lack of adequate vasculature. To engineer a tissue thicker than 400 μm, vascularization is mandatory for most of the cells to survive [1]. The lack of adequate vascularization leads to hypoxia and hinders cells to fulfill their functions. This thesis presents the development and the commissioning of a 3D sugar glass extrusion apparatus for the vascularization of a bioartificial pancreas. This apparatus was developed at the “laboratoire de recherche sur les procédés d’impression 3D” and at the “bureau de design” in the mechanical engineering department of Université Laval. With this pioneering 3D printing technology, it is now possible to rapidly and precisely produce temporary sugar glass template that can then be used to produce complex 3D vascular networks. After the printing process, the temporary template is used as a mold for the rapid casting of vascularized constructs made with materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or cellladen hydrogels. Due to the nature of the material used, the temporary lattices can be dissolved in an aqueous medium without releasing any cytotoxic byproducts and in a fast and easy fashion. This feature is a major advantage in the context of bioengineering.
Julien, Étienne. "Les déterminants de l'observance du plan alimentaire chez les adultes qui souffrent du diabète de type 2 : une analyse de la motivation et de l'adaptation au stress." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24543/24543.pdf.
Full textPakhomov, Oleg. "Xénotransplantation d'îlots de Langerhans de porc encapsulés pour le développement d'un pancréas bioartificiel : effet d'un traitement du receveur par l'insuline : effet protecteur de la membrane d'encapsulation contre l'infection par des rétrovirus endogènes porcins." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077138.
Full textDuch, Abelardo. "Etude du métabolisme intermédiaire chez le rat : influence de l'entraînement à l'exercice musculaire, de l'exposition intermittente au froid et au froid couplé à l'hypoxie et du diabète induit par la streptozotocine associé à un traitement à la metformine." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10084.
Full textPatry, Jérôme. "La prise en charge de l'ulcère plantaire diabétique par une équipe interdisciplinaire spécialisée à la Clinique des plaies complexes de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69026.
Full textObjectives: The objectives of this Master's thesis were to determine the wound healing outcomes of patients with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) treated with an interdisciplinary team approach at the Complex Wound Care Clinic (CWCC) of Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis Hospital of Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches and to evaluate its quality of care based on recognized quality indicators. Methods: First, a retrospective observational cohort study of adult patients, with a plantar DFU, treated between 2012 and 2018 at the CWCC, was conducted. A total of 140 patients were included. Data were retrieved from electronic medical charts based on registries. Predictive and explanatory analyses were conducted with logistic multivariate regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Second, a descriptive analysis of the quality of care was performed with an extended Donabedian model based on 22 recognized quality indicators (3 for structure, 9 for processes, 10 for outcomes). Results: About half of patients with a DFU treated with an interdisciplinary team approach healed during the first 3 months. The best predictor of wound healing at 3 months was a 41.8% wound size reduction at 4 weeks (AUC: 0.86; sensitivity: 83.1%; specificity: 67.2%, positive predictive value: 72.8%; negative predictive value: 78.9%; positive and negative likelihood ratios: 2.53 and 0.25, respectively). Main baseline variables negatively associated with this predictor were: male gender (OR 3.58, 95% CI (1.30-9.87)), cigarette smoking (OR 4.70, 95% CI (1.44-15.29)), and a monophasic Doppler waveform (OR 7.52, 95% CI (2.64-21.39)). The principal indicators regarding structure and processes were met, while outcome indicators were influenced by study population characteristics, particularly peripheral artery disease (PAD) and critical-limb ischemia. Conclusions: The health care provider should be cautious, adopt a prompt response and intensify its management of DFUs particularly with patients of male gender, smoking, having a monophasic waveform with a hand-held Doppler, and not achieving a minimal 41.8% wound area reduction at four weeks of treatment. This study suggests that DFU care at a Canadian wound care clinic with an interdisciplinary approach meets a majority of quality of care indicators. The socio-economic burden of DFUs for patients, health care organizations and policy makers, and the paucity of quality and performance evaluations call for more studies evaluating DFU care. Patient-centered performance research, especially with a patient-as-partner approach, should be integrated for a broader and complete evaluation of care.
Deom, Tardif Alèxe. "Évaluation d'une formation de développement professionnel continu portant sur l'intégration des notions de sexe et de genre : une approche de méthodes mixtes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69486.
Full textHealth inequalities between men and women persist in Canada. This study assessed the impact of a continuing professional development (CPD) training program that incorporates notions of sex and gender on the intention of healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. We also explored barriers and facilitators to healthcare professionals' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Using an integrated convergent mixed-methods research design, including a non-randomized controlled trial, we conducted the study at six sites in Quebec (n = 4), Ontario (n = 1) and New Brunswick (n = 1). We recruited 127 healthcare professionals who were enrolled in one of the two CPD training courses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for managing diabetes and depression. The two courses were offered simultaneously but differed in content: one integrated cosiderations of sex and gender (intervention group) and the other did not (control group). At the end of the CPD training, we used the CPD-Reactionquestionnaire to measure healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. Then, in semi-structured group discussions, we explored barriers and facilitators to participants' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We performed an analysis of covariance to compare the mean intention scores of the intervention and control groups using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, we carried out a thematic analysis of the verbatim. Inspired by the COM-B model of behavior, we triangulated the quantitative and qualitative results to produce recommendations. After training, mean intention scores for the intervention (n=49 participants) and control group (n=78 participants) were 5.65 ± 0.19 and 5.19 ± 0.15, respectively. Meandifference was -0.47 (CI -0.95 to 0.01; p=0.06). Adjusted for age, sex, and practice settings, mean difference was -0.57 (CI -1.09 to 0.05; p=0.03). Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, we identified ten barriers to integration of sex and gender considerations into clinical practice related to eight domains, and seven facilitators related to six domains. Recommendations included the addition of group discussions and clinical case vignettes showing the consequences of omitting sex and gender considerations in clinical practice. Our findings will inform future CPD initiatives to help reduce sex and gender inequalities in health care in Canada