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Journal articles on the topic 'Diabetes Cataract Oxidative stress'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Bhatia, Geeta, A. N. Sontakke, and Subodhini Abhang. "Role of oxidative stress in cataractogenesis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172087.

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Background: Cataract is a multifactorial disease and is a major cause of blindness in india. Oxidative stress is thought to be a major factor to initiate the process of cataractogenesis. It is today well established fact that oxidative stress participates in both age-related (senile) and diabetes-induced cataract (diabetic). Oxidative damage to the lens most likely arises as a consequence of an impaired antioxidant defence system, due to increased generation of ROS both by age and diabetes. The present study was designed to determine role of oxidative stress in cataractogensis and to compare levels of oxidative stress markers in senile and diabetic cataract patients.Methods: Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum protein carbonyl (PC) were measured as indicator of oxidative stress whereas antioxidant status was assessed by estimating serum Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and dietary antioxidants levels i.e vitamin C and vitamin E in senile and diabetic cataract patients compared with healthy controls.Results: The result reveal that the serum MDA and PC levels were significantly increased in patients with senile and diabetic cataract whereas serum TAC, vitamin C and Vitamin E were significantly reduced in senile and diabetic patients when compared with normal healthy controls.Conclusions: From the result, it is concluded that oxidative stress is in the foreground of cataract formation which includes senile and diabetic cataract. Oxidative stress produced in diabetic cataract patients is more as compared to senile cataract patients.
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Lestari, Indah, and Fifiyahpuahsari Fifiyahpuahsari. "LEVELS OF DIABETES BLOOD SUGAR WITH TYPE OF CATARACT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 3, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2019/vol3.iss1.211.

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Diabetes mellitus was a disease with macro and micro risk of angiopathy, which includes the impact of causing cataracts. Diabetic patients with high sugar levels have a greater chance of developing cataracts at a younger age and certain tendencies towards cataract type. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between diabetes blood sugar levels and cataract type. The research design was correlation analysis with Cross-Sectional approach. Samples in the study were some cataract patients who had a history of diabetes mellitus in Surabaya Undaan Eye Hospital as many as 125 people, it was taken using consecutive sampling technique, and fulfilling the criteria of the study (age range 45 - 65 years, have complete medical records related to the continuity of sugar examination results in blood, the incidence of cataracts is not caused by congenital cataracts, juveniles, due to trauma, chemical exposure to UV radiation). Independent variable was the blood sugar level of Diabetes mellitus and the Dependent variable was cataract type. The instruments used were laboratory tests related to blood sugar levels, and medical diagnosis related to cataract type. Data were analyzed by Spearman rho, with a significant value <0.05. The results showed a close association between diabetes and cataracts, where as many as 47.2% with high blood sugar levels, 40% with nuclear cataract type and from 59 respondents with high blood sugar levels 26 people experienced nuclear cataract type, with rho value = 0.001. The mechanism of glucose toxicity in Diabetes Mellitus which causes cataracts can go through three paths: increased activity of the aldose reductase enzyme which causes the formation of sugar alcohol, sorbitol and galactitol in crystalline lenses; through the non-enzymatic replication process; and at high blood glucose levels a glucose oxidation process will occur which causes oxidative stress conditions. Maintenance of managing blood sugar levels must be a concern for diabetics. Keywords: Blood Sugar Level, Diabetes Mellitus, Type of Cataract
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Lestari, Indah, and Fifiyahpuahsari Fifiyahpuahsari. "LEVELS OF DIABETES BLOOD SUGAR WITH TYPE OF CATARACT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 3, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2019/vol3/iss1/211.

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Diabetes mellitus was a disease with macro and micro risk of angiopathy, which includes the impact of causing cataracts. Diabetic patients with high sugar levels have a greater chance of developing cataracts at a younger age and certain tendencies towards cataract type. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between diabetes blood sugar levels and cataract type. The research design was correlation analysis with Cross-Sectional approach. Samples in the study were some cataract patients who had a history of diabetes mellitus in Surabaya Undaan Eye Hospital as many as 125 people, it was taken using consecutive sampling technique, and fulfilling the criteria of the study (age range 45 - 65 years, have complete medical records related to the continuity of sugar examination results in blood, the incidence of cataracts is not caused by congenital cataracts, juveniles, due to trauma, chemical exposure to UV radiation). Independent variable was the blood sugar level of Diabetes mellitus and the Dependent variable was cataract type. The instruments used were laboratory tests related to blood sugar levels, and medical diagnosis related to cataract type. Data were analyzed by Spearman rho, with a significant value <0.05. The results showed a close association between diabetes and cataracts, where as many as 47.2% with high blood sugar levels, 40% with nuclear cataract type and from 59 respondents with high blood sugar levels 26 people experienced nuclear cataract type, with rho value = 0.001. The mechanism of glucose toxicity in Diabetes Mellitus which causes cataracts can go through three paths: increased activity of the aldose reductase enzyme which causes the formation of sugar alcohol, sorbitol and galactitol in crystalline lenses; through the non-enzymatic replication process; and at high blood glucose levels a glucose oxidation process will occur which causes oxidative stress conditions. Maintenance of managing blood sugar levels must be a concern for diabetics. Keywords: Blood Sugar Level, Diabetes Mellitus, Type of Cataract
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4

Zoric, Lepsa. "Some parameters of the oxidative stress in lens, humour aqueous and serum of patients with diabetes and age-related cataract." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 131, no. 3-4 (2003): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0304137z.

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Contemporary hypothesis considers the oxidative stress as a crucial event in age-related processes in the body, as well as in the age-related cataract formation. The secondary aging factors accelerate ageing processes. One of them is diabetes. With the aim of investigation of the noninsulin-dependent diabetes (Type II) influence on cataract genesis here were analyzed contents of the lipid oxidation products (lipid peroxides - LP) and total sulfhydryle groups (TSH) in the lens? corticonuclear blocks and antioxidative capacity in their humour aqueous expressed as percent of induced malondyaldehyde (% iMDA) in 14 samples obtained from patients with cataract and diabetes mellitus type II (without diabetic complications) and compared to 66 samples of patients with cataract without diabetes, as well as some parameters of the oxidative stress in serums (content of vitamin C, acrobat - A dehydroascorbate - DA and their relation, vitamin E, glutathione - GSH peroxidase - P and catalase - Cat activity, content of malondyaldehyde - MDA and % iMDA) of 27 patients with age-related cataract and diabetes mellitus type II (without complications), and compared to the other 135 age-related cataract patients. Also were analyzed frequencies of the secondary senium diseases in a clinical group of 162 patients with cataract and sex and age matched 55 examined people without cataract, as a control group. Patients with diabetes and cataract have lower values of almost all investigated parameters of antioxidative defense in their serum and higher level of the lipid peroxidation products. Level of glutathione in their serums is significantly lower (p<0.05). Intensity of lipid peroxidation in corticonuclear lens blocks is higher in patients with diabetes, whereas their total sulfhydryle groups and % iMDA in humour aqueous shows lower antioxidant capacity in the same group, probably because of higher intensity of oxidative stress. Also, by investigation of frequencies of the secondary ageing diseases in patients with age-related cataract and age and sex matched control subjects, by a logistic regression was found high odds ratio (2.506) for diabetes. Results confirm hypothesis of the oxidative stress role in the age-related cataract genesis, and especially of patients with diabetes mellitus.
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5

., Ghazala, Syed Liaquat Ali, Jamil Ahmed Siddiqui, Aziza Khanam, and Saleh Memon. "Oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamins in cataract patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191637.

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Background: In Pakistan age related vision disturbances are mainly due to cataract. Various studies have reported relationship of ocular lesion with senile changes and diabetes mellitus resulting in reduced quality of life due to vision. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the process of cataractogenesis. The pathogenesis of the cataract may involve decreased activity of antioxidant scavenging system which includes non-enzymatic natural antioxidants as biomolecules such as carotenoids and vitamins. So, it is planned to investigate the level of serum antioxidant vitamins in diabetic cataract patients and in non-diabetic cataract patients.Methods: The study was conducted at Biochemistry department, Al-Tibri Medical College Karachi from October 2016 to October 2017. Ninety pre diagnosed cataract patients were selected from Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital Karachi 40 normal control subjects were selected from the same population with same socioeconomic group. The demographic data was analyzed. The random blood sugar, antioxidant vitamins (C, A and E) and malondialdehyde were analyzed in the blood sample of control and cataract patients. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.Results: There was no significant difference in the level of vitamin C, A, E and MDA between diabetic and non-diabetic cataract patients, but the blood levels of vitamins of control are higher as compared to the cataract patients. The level of MDA is significantly high in cataract patients as compared to control. Antioxidant vitamin E was negatively correlated with serum malondialdehyde in cataract patients.Conclusions: It is concluded that in diabetic and non-diabetic cataract low level of serum antioxidant vitamins may be a contributory factor for cataractogenesis.
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6

Wu, Tsung-Tien, Ying-Ying Chen, Hui-Yu Chang, Ya-Hsin Kung, Ching-Jiunn Tseng, and Pei-Wen Cheng. "AKR1B1-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by RAGE-Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cataract Lens." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040273.

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Purpose: Cataracts are a major cause of visual acuity deterioration in diabetes mellitus (DM) in developed and developing countries. Studies have demonstrated that overproduction of AKR1B1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts, but it is unclear whether the prevalence of diabetic cataracts is related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lens epithelial cells. This study aimed to analyze the role of EMT in cataract formation of DM patients. Methods: Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays were used to estimate AKR1B1, RAGE, AMPK, and EMT levels in epithelial human lens of DM or non-DM cataracts. Results: Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that pathologic phases and N-cadherin expression levels were significantly higher in epithelial human lens of DM (+) compared to DM (−) cataracts. Immunofluorescent staining showed that AKR1B1 and RAGE were significantly higher in epithelial human lens of DM (+) compared to DM (−) cataracts. Interestingly, acetyl superoxide dismutase 2 (AcSOD2) levels were significantly higher in DM patients’ lens epithelial cells (LECs), whereas AMPKT172 phosphorylation was significantly increased in non-DM patients. This indicates that AMPKT172 might be related to superoxide reduction and diabetic cataract formation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that AKR1B1 overexpression can decrease AMPK activation, thereby increasing AcSOD2 and RAGE-induced EMT in epithelial human lens of DM cataracts. These novel findings suggest that AKR inhibitors may be candidates for the pharmacological prevention of cataracts in patients with DM.
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7

Spassov, A. A., L. V. Naumenko, and Yu A. Govorova. "Fundamentals of Diabetic Cataractogenesis and Promising Ways of its Pharmacological Correction." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.13.

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Cataracts in diabetes mellitus lead to decreased visual function and blindness. Cataract surgery for diabetes mellitus has limitations and complications. The search for effective means of conservative cataract therapy continues. The review presents the analysis of data from scientific sources, mainly for 2015–2020 using Internet resources (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, eLibrary.Ru, Cyberleninka). In the work, diabetic cataractogenesis is presented as a sum of interrelated pathobiochemical processes. The main ones are the polyol pathway of glucose conversion, non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative modification of lens proteins, which are enhanced in diabetes mellitus. The lens has a high protein content. The formation of high molecular weight protein aggregates is of particular importance for the appearance of light scattering zones and a decrease in lens transparency. This review presents data on anti-cataract compounds that affect post-translational crystallin modification, prevent osmotic and oxidative stress in the lens, and exhibit antiglycation properties. This information shows that the search for means of pharmacological correction of cataractogenesis should be carried out among compounds with antioxidant and antiglycation activity.
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8

Tangvarasittichai, Orathai, and Surapon Tangvarasittichai. "Oxidative Stress, Ocular Disease and Diabetes Retinopathy." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 40 (March 15, 2019): 4726–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190115121531.

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Background: Oxidative stress is caused by free radicals or oxidant productions, including lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA damage and apoptosis or cell death and results in cellular degeneration and neurodegeneration from damage to macromolecules. Results: Accumulation of the DNA damage (8HOdG) products and the end products of LPO (including aldehyde, diene, triene conjugates and Schiff’s bases) were noted in the research studies. Significantly higher levels of these products in comparison with the controls were observed. Oxidative stress induced changes to ocular cells and tissues. Typical changes include ECM accumulation, cell dysfunction, cell death, advanced senescence, disarrangement or rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and released inflammatory cytokines. It is involved in ocular diseases, including keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, primary open-angle glaucoma, retinal light damage, and retinopathy of prematurity. These ocular diseases are the cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Conclusions: Oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy are implicated in biochemical and morphological changes in these ocular tissues. The development of therapy is a major target for the management care of these ocular diseases.
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9

Liu, Fei, Ying Ma, and Yanli Xu. "Taxifolin Shows Anticataractogenesis and Attenuates Diabetic Retinopathy in STZ-Diabetic Rats via Suppression of Aldose Reductase, Oxidative Stress, and MAPK Signaling Pathway." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666191018122821.

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Background: Due to the increased prevalence of diabetes-associated complications of the eye like diabetic retinopathy and cataract, the need for a novel therapeutic agent is urgent. Due to the advantages that the polyphenolic compounds enjoy in diabetes and associated complications, we postulated that Taxifolin (TXF), a poly-phenolic flavanol, could show anti-retinopathic and anti-cataract effect in diabetes-induced rats. Methods: TXF at a dose of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg was given by oral route to STZ mediated diabetic rats for a time period of 10 weeks. The opacity of lens was studied after every 7 days of treatment till 10 weeks; evaluation of the severity of cataract and changes in the histology of lens as well as retina was done. Tissue homogenates of lens isolated after the end of the study were evaluated for markers of oxidative stress, levels of aldose reductase, p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2. Results: Outcomes suggested that TXF improved retinopathy and cataract in diabetes-induced rats. The treatment of TXF also improved the status of oxidative stress and inhibited the levels of p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2. The treatment also improved the lens opacity in diabetic rats. The results suggest that the protective effect of TXF against cataract and retinopathy may be due to the anti-oxidative potential of TXF and its inhibiting effect on VEGF, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and aldose reductase. Conclusion: The study confirms that TXF is a potential candidate showing a protective effect against diabetic induced retinopathy and cataract..
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10

Natania, Maria Winney, Monica Claudia, Refita Maharani, Muhammad Ali Faisal, and Triawanti Triawanti. "The Correlation of Hba1c Level With GSH-PX Enzyme Activity, AOPP, and MDA Levels in The Eye Lenses of Diabetic Cataract Patients." Berkala Kedokteran 16, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v16i2.9223.

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Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known to accelerate cataractogenesis because it may cause hyperglycemia-induced stress oxidative in the eye lens. HbA1c test can be performed to monitor glycemic control. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) is an enzyme that scavenges and prevents the formation of free radical. Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) is a marker to estimate the degree of oxidative protein modification. Malondialdehyde (MDA) can reflect cells damage. This study was an observational analytic study, conducted in September 2019-January 2020, and aimed to determine the correlation of HbA1c level with GSH-Px enzyme activity, AOPP, and MDA levels in the eye lenses of diabetic cataract patients. Data of HbA1c level and eye lenses sample was obtained from 29 cataract patients with DM who underwent phacoemulsification surgery in Ulin and Bhayangkara Hospital in Banjarmasin and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Spearman’s correlation test showed that there was no significant correlation of HbA1c with GSH-Px activity (p=0,095), AOPP (p=0,084), and MDA (p=0,084) levels in the eye lens of diabetic cataract patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, cataract, HbA1c, glutathione peroxidase, AOPP, MDA
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11

Chen, Ying-Ying, Tsung-Tien Wu, Chiu-Yi Ho, Tung-Chen Yeh, Gwo-Ching Sun, Ya-Hsin Kung, Tzyy-Yue Wong, Ching-Jiunn Tseng, and Pei-Wen Cheng. "Dapagliflozin Prevents NOX- and SGLT2-Dependent Oxidative Stress in Lens Cells Exposed to Fructose-Induced Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 4357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184357.

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Purpose: Cataracts in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are a major cause of blindness in developed and developing countries. This study aims to examine whether the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the increased expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) influences the cataract development in DM. Methods: Lens epithelial cells (LECs) were isolated during cataract surgery from patients without DM or with DM, but without diabetic retinopathy. In a rat model, fructose (10% fructose, 8 or 12 weeks) with or without dapagliflozin (1.2 mg/day, 2 weeks) treatment did induce DM, as verified by blood pressure and serum parameter measurements. Immunofluorescence stainings and immunoblottings were used to quantify the protein levels. Endogenous O2˙¯ production in the LECs was determined in vivo with dihydroethidium stainings. Results: We investigated that GLUT levels in LECs differed significantly, thus leading to the direct enhancement of RAGE-associated superoxide generation in DM patients with cataracts. Superoxide production was significantly higher in LECs from rats with fructose-induced type 2 DM, whereas treatment with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin prevented this effect in fructose-fed rats. Protein expression levels of the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), GLUT1, GLUT5, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) oxidase subunit p67-phox, NOX2/4 and RAGE were upregulated in fructose-fed animals, whereas dapagliflozin treatment reversed these effects. Conclusions: In rats with fructose-induced DM, dapagliflozin downregulates RAGE-induced NADPH oxidase expression in LECs via the inactivation of GLUTs and a reduction in ROS generation. These novel findings suggest that the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin may be a candidate for the pharmacological prevention of cataracts in patients with DM.
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12

Šimunović, Marko, Martina Paradžik, Roko Škrabić, Ivana Unić, Kajo Bućan, and Veselin Škrabić. "Cataract as Early Ocular Complication in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Endocrinology 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6763586.

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Cataract is a rare manifestation of ocular complication at an early phase of T1DM in the pediatric population. The pathophysiological mechanism of early diabetic cataract has not been fully understood; however, there are many theories about the possible etiology including osmotic damage, polyol pathway, and oxidative stress. The prevalence of early diabetic cataract in the population varies between 0.7 and 3.4% of children and adolescents with T1DM. The occurrence of diabetic cataract in most pediatric patients is the first sign of T1DM or occurs within 6 months of diagnosis of T1DM. Today, there are many experimental therapies for the treatment of diabetic cataract, but cataract surgery continues to be a gold standard in the treatment of diabetic cataract. Since the cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment in patients with T1DM, diabetic cataract requires an initial screening as well as continuous surveillance as a measure of prevention and this should be included in the guidelines of pediatric diabetes societies.
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13

Patil, Madhoosudan A., Palla Suryanarayana, Uday Kumar Putcha, Myadara Srinivas, and G. Bhanuprakash Reddy. "Evaluation of Neonatal Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat Model for the Development of Cataract." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/463264.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) generally follows prediabetes (PD) conditions such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Although studies reported an association of IGT or IFG with cataract, the experimental basis for PD associated cataract is not known. Hence, we evaluated neonatal streptozotocin (nSTZ) induced rat model to study PD associated cataractogenesis by injecting STZ to two-day old rats. While majority (70%) of nSTZ injected pups developed IGT (nSTZ-PD) by two months but not cataract even after seven months, remaining (30%) nSTZ rats developed hyperglycemia (nSTZ-D) by two months and mature cataract by seven months. Lens biochemical analysis indicated increased oxidative stress as indicated by increased SOD activity, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels in nSTZ-D cataractous lens. There was also increased polyol pathway as assessed by aldose reductase activity and sorbitol levels. Though nSTZ-PD animals have not shown any signs of lenticular opacity, insolubilization of proteins along with enhanced polyol pathway was observed in the lens. Further there was increased oxidative stress in lens of IGT animals. These results suggest that oxidative stress along with increased polyol pathway might play a role in IGT-associated lens abnormalities. In conclusion, nSTZ-PD rat model could aid to investigate IGT-associated lens abnormalities.
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Hashim, Zehra, and Shamshad Zarina. "Osmotic stress induced oxidative damage: Possible mechanism of cataract formation in diabetes." Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 26, no. 4 (July 2012): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.04.005.

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15

Krishna Reddy BV, Avinash Kumar Reddy G, Sujitha V, and Manasa A. "Pharmacological study on the possible involvement of a Nrf2 -Heme oxygenase pathways in anti-cataract activity of fisetin." International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology 10, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrpp.v10i1.1156.

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DM otherwise diabetes is now a days an epidemic with the percentage of patient population rising to almost 10% of the world population. Out of all the DM complications, cataract leads the way contributing to disabilities to about 60% of diabetic population. But the pathogenesis of DM cataract is still a half-understood area of medicine there by posing a problem in the therapy. The data that we have till now gives us enough evidence to advocate the oxidative stress has a major role for the pathogenesis of DM complications like DMnephropathy, DMneuropathy, and cardiac hypertrophy, which suggests the oxidative stress is a central feature of diabetes. In the current research, the pharmacological evaluation of Fisetin for its DM based anti-cataract property was performed. This research concentrates to estimate the possible involvement of Nrf-2 / heme oxygenase (HO)-pathway in the observed therapeutic effect, if any. The data obtained in this study also indicate that the observed beneficial effects mainly due to activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These effects probably result in increased tissue anti-oxidant status as well as decreased free radical production, which ultimately responsible for the observed beneficial effects of Fisetin against hyperglycemia-induced cataract.
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Wu, Tsung-Tien, Ying-Ying Chen, Chiu-Yi Ho, Tung-Chen Yeh, Gwo-Ching Sun, Ching-Jiunn Tseng, and Pei-Wen Cheng. "3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-Thione Protects Lens Epithelial Cells against Fructose-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Activation of AMPK to Eliminate AKR1B1-Induced Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071086.

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Studies demonstrated that the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) formation in the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of diabetic cataracts. This work investigated how 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) reduces EMT formation in LECs of the fructose-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). LECs were isolated during cataract surgery from patients without DM or with DM. In a rat model, fructose (10% fructose, eight weeks) with or without D3T (10 mg/kg/day) treatment induced DM, as verified by blood pressure and serum parameter measurements. We observed that the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was significantly higher in epithelial human lens of DM (+) compared to DM (−) cataracts. Aldose reductase (AKR1B1), AcSOD2, and 3-NT were significantly enhanced in the rat lens epithelial sections of fructose-induced DM, however, the phosphorylation level of AMPKT172 showed a reversed result. Interestingly, administration of D3T reverses the fructose-induced effects in LECs. These results indicated that AMPKT172 may be required for reduced superoxide generation and the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract. Administration of D3T reverses the fructose-induced EMT formation the LECs of fructose-induced DM. These novel findings suggest that the D3T may be a candidate for the pharmacological prevention of cataracts in patients with DM.
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Kovalevskaya, Mariya Aleksandrovna, and Lilya Filina. "Prognosis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of the Postoperative Complications in Diabеtic Cataract Patients." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 3 (November 19, 2017): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-3-246-252.

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The concept of "metabolic syndrome" in ophthalmology can include the entire set of interrelated metabolic abnormalities predisposing to the development of vitreoretinal complications of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on the definition, the researches of local changes in markers of metabolic processes, particularly in complicated cataract, are relevant for the prediction of the results of surgical treatment. Such a method for detecting marker proteins in tear was introduced by us in clinical practice for the differential diagnosis of local changes in metabolism in complicated (cataract caused by changes of the lens in response to background disturbances of metabolism) and age-related cataract. The mechanism of development of complicated cataracts is similar to cataractogenesis with age-related cataracts, but in complicated cataract processes of change in the lens is more intensive and faster under the influence of a violation of the immunological balance, oxidative processes and biochemical changes that occur in the body and locally on a background of concomitant diseases and diseases of the eye. At the present stage it is believed that one of the triggers is cataractogenesis depletion of the antioxidant capacity of the lens and the development of oxidative stress. This manifests itself in the early stages cataractogenesis fluctuations in the level of glutathione in the lens and the accumulation of free radical oxidation products. Following this, a reduction in the number of negative charges on the main protein of lens fiber - crystallin. This fact is interpreted as a violation of protein phosphorylation within the fibers of the lens due to discoordination cascade regulation systems due to their free radical damage. In turn, decrease the water solubility of proteins leads to the adsorption of proteins on the uncharged cell membranes, resulting in increasing lens violation regular stacking membranes. Light scattering by surfaces of folded membranes lens fiber is considered as the main cause of lens opacity with cataract. We examined 136 patients with cataracts of various origins (272 eyes) aged 62 ± 3,2 years. Among those surveyed were women (74 people). All patients underwent detailed clinical, ophthalmological examination of the complex and as a result were divided into groups with a diagnosis of cataracts of various origins. We have developed an algorithm for determining the prognosis of outcome of surgical intervention in the oxidative stress on the content of antioxidant enzymes tears justified selective choice of preparations of local and systemic antioxidant action to prevent and stabilize the clouding of the lens. The greatest number of complications arise in the extraction of complicated cataract, because its development is already associated with the presence of an underlying disease (a disorder of metabolism, endocrine disorders), additional ocular pathology (uveitis syndrome Fuchs, secondary glaucoma), the influence of external factors. This kind of state characterized by the presence of pathological changes in the immune, circulatory system, metabolic disorders, entailing and cause various postoperative complications (hyphema, postoperative iridocyclitis, exudative inflammatory response (EVR), epithelial-endothelial corneal dystrophy, macular edema with the outcome in macular degeneration). It becomes apparent that the creation of methods of forecasting and prevention of post-operative complications, as well as specific algorithm scheme of preoperative preparation, at various kinds of complicated cataract, is an important and urgent problem of modern ophthalmology.
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Karppi, Jouni, Jari A. Laukkanen, and Sudhir Kurl. "Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin and the risk of age-related nuclear cataract among the elderly Finnish population." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 1 (October 18, 2011): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511005332.

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Oxidative stress plays an important role in cataractogenesis. Previous studies have shown that long-term dietary intake of antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) may decrease the risk of age-related cataracts. The aim of the present study was to examine whether plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin are related to age-related nuclear cataract in the elderly population. Subjects were participants in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study and they were classified into tertiles according to plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin. The association of plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations with age-related nuclear cataract in 1689 elderly subjects (aged 61–80 years) was investigated in the present cross-sectional study by using the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 113 cases of incident age-related cataracts were confirmed, of which 108 cases were nuclear cataracts. After adjustment for age, examination year, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, serum LDL-cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, years of education, use of oral corticosteroids, history of diabetes and history of hypertension with current use of antihypertensive medication, subjects in the highest tertiles of plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin had 42 and 41 % lower risks of nuclear cataract, respectively, compared with those in the lowest tertiles (relative risk (RR) = 0·58, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·98; P = 0·041 for lutein and RR = 0·59, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·99; P = 0·046 for zeaxanthin). In conclusion, we suggest that high plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with a decreased risk of age-related nuclear cataract in the elderly population.
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Agte, Vaishali V., and Kirtan Vilas Tarwadi. "Combination of diabetes and cataract worsens the oxidative stress and micronutrient status in Indians." Nutrition 24, no. 7-8 (July 2008): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2008.03.005.

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LEE, ALAN Y. W., and STEPHEN S. M. CHUNG. "Contributions of polyol pathway to oxidative stress in diabetic cataract." FASEB Journal 13, no. 1 (January 1999): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.13.1.23.

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21

Wattanathorn, Jintanaporn, Paphaphat Thiraphatthanavong, Wipawee Thukham-mee, Supaporn Muchimapura, Panakaporn Wannanond, and Terdthai Tong-un. "Anticataractogenesis and Antiretinopathy Effects of the Novel Protective Agent Containing the Combined Extract of Mango and Vietnamese Coriander in STZ-Diabetic Rats." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5290161.

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The novel protectant against diabetic cataract and diabetic retinopathy is currently required due to the increased prevalence and therapeutic limitation. Based on the advantage of polyphenol on diabetic eye complications, we hypothesized that the combined extract of mango seed Vietnamese coriander (MPO), a polyphenol-rich substance, should possess anticataractogenesis and antiretinopathy in streptozotocin- (STZ-) diabetic rats. MPO at doses of 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg·BW were orally given to STZ-diabetic rats for 10 weeks. Lens opacity was evaluated every week throughout a study period whereas the evaluation of cataract severity and histological changes of both rat lens epithelium and retina together with the biochemical assays of oxidative stress status, aldose reductase, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and VEGF were performed at the end of experiment. Our data showed that MPO improved cataract and retinopathy in STZ-diabetic rats. The improved oxidative stress status and the decreased p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and VEGF were also observed. Therefore, anticataractogenesis and antiretinopathy of MPO might occur partly via the decreased oxidative stress status and the suppression of aldose reductase, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and VEGF. This study points out that MPO is the potential candidate protectant against diabetic cataract and diabetic retinopathy. However, the exploration for possible active ingredient (S) still requires further researches.
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Zych, Maria, Weronika Wojnar, Magdalena Kielanowska, Joanna Folwarczna, and Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak. "Effect of Berberine on Glycation, Aldose Reductase Activity, and Oxidative Stress in the Lenses of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats In Vivo—A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124278.

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Diabetes mellitus affects the eye lens, leading to cataract formation by glycation, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a natural compound that has been reported to counteract all these pathological processes in various tissues and organs. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether berberine administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg by oral gavage for 28 days to rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes reveals such effects on the biochemical parameters in the lenses. For this purpose, the following lenticular parameters were studied: concentrations of soluble protein, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and activities of aldose reductase (AR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Diabetes induced unfavorable changes in the majority of the examined parameters. The administration of berberine resulted in an increased soluble protein level, decreased activity of AR, and lowered AOPP and AGEs levels. The results suggest that berberine administered orally positively affects the lenses of diabetic rats, and should be further examined with regard to its anticataract potential.
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23

Lu, Qian, Meng Hao, Wenya Wu, Nan Zhang, Adelusi Temitope Isaac, Jiale Yin, Xia Zhu, Lei Du, and Xiaoxing Yin. "Antidiabetic cataract effects of GbE, rutin and quercetin are mediated by the inhibition of oxidative stress and polyol pathway." Acta Biochimica Polonica 65, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2016_1387.

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One of the earliest critical secondary complications of diabetes is the opacification of the eye lens – a condi­tion strictly associated with diabetic cataract. The study presented here was designed to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE), rutin and quercetin on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic cataract (DC) rats. Ten weeks after administration of GbE, rutin and querce­tin, the opacity of diabetic rats’ lenses was graded under a slit lamp. Then, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), and the activities of aldose reductase (AR) were estimated. The DC-induced rats produced less GSH, higher levels of MDA and AGEs as well as elevated AR activity when compared to the normal group. Admin­istration of GbE, rutin and quercetin remarkably inhib­ited the AR activity, stimulated the production of glu­tathione, and decreased the levels of MDA and AGEs in the lenses of DC-induced rats, which eventually delayed the progression of lens opacification in diabetic rats to various degrees. Our results revealed that quercetin had the highest significant (P<0.05) potential to delay the progression of STZ-induced diabetic cataract when com­pared with rutin and GbE. The mechanism dictating this interesting prowess of quercetin might be attributed to its AR inhibitory strength, anti-lipid peroxidation poten­tial and anti-AGEs activity.
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Wang, Yi, Shucun Qin, Guoqing Pen, Di Chen, Chao Han, Chunrun Miao, Baojin Lu, et al. "Original Research: Potential ocular protection and dynamic observation of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against streptozocin-induced diabetic rats’ model." Experimental Biology and Medicine 242, no. 1 (August 20, 2016): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370216663866.

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Ocular complications associated with diabetes mellitus are progressive and becoming one of the most important causes of morbidity worldwide. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide, an important component of Polygonatum sibiricum, on ocular complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats. Sprague Dawley rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin(60 mg/kg, i.v.) and then the rats were treated with Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg.d by gavage for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis indicated that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in blood and elevated the levels of insulin and C-peptide in plasma of diabetes mellitus rats in a dose-dependent manner. Physical measurements revealed that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide improved clinical symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss in diabetes mellitus rats. The content of malondialdehyde and activity of superoxide dismutase in plasma were determined, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed oxidative stress reaction. Lens opacification was observed using slit lamp illumination, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide delayed cataract progression in a dose-dependent manner. Electroretinogram showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide treatment reversed the decrease of electroretinogram b and OPs2 waves’ amplitudes. Flash-visual evoked potential test indicated that the peak time of P2 wave was prolonged, and the amplitude of N2-P2 was lowered in diabetes mellitus group, and Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed these changes. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide alleviated the retinal vasculopathy in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that the administration of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy and cataract through alleviating hyperglycemia and reducing oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats.
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Hegde, K. R., and S. D. Varma. "Combination of glycemic and oxidative stress in lens: Implications in augmentation of cataract formation in diabetes." Free Radical Research 39, no. 5 (May 2005): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10715760400013755.

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26

Yildirim, Zuhal, Filiz Yildirim, N. Irem Ucgun, and Nedret Kilic. "The Evaluation of the Oxidative Stress Parameters in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Senile Cataract Patients." Biological Trace Element Research 128, no. 2 (November 4, 2008): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8258-9.

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27

Wojnar, Weronika, Maria Zych, Sławomir Borymski, and Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak. "Chrysin Reduces Oxidative Stress but Does Not Affect Polyol Pathway in the Lenses of Type 1 Diabetic Rats." Antioxidants 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020160.

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Prolonged hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of reactive oxygen species and free radicals generation in diabetes which may affect various organs, including the eye. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the eye lens could lead to cataract formation. To cope with oxidative stress, the endogenous antioxidative system may be supported by the supplementation of exogenous antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chrysin, a natural flavonoid, on oxidative stress and polyol pathway-related markers in the lenses of streptozotocin-induced type 1 male diabetic rats. Chrysin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was administered by gavage for 28 days. This treatment resulted in a decrease in antioxidative enzymes activity and oxidative stress index. Moreover, chrysin administration elevated the reduced glutathione level in the lenses. A decrease in the markers linked to oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the lenses was noted, especially after treatment with 50 mg/kg of chrysin. Neither of the chrysin doses affected glycemia-related markers in the serum or altered parameters related to the polyol pathway and advanced glycation end-products level in the lenses of diabetic rats. Upon obtaining results, it can be concluded that chrysin reveals antioxidative activity in the lenses but shows no antihyperglycemic or antiglycation properties.
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Miric, Dijana J., Bojana B. Kisic, Lepsa D. Zoric, Radoslav V. Mitic, Bratislav M. Miric, and Ilija M. Dragojevic. "Xanthine oxidase and lens oxidative stress markers in diabetic and senile cataract patients." Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 27, no. 2 (March 2013): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.09.005.

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29

Suresha, Bharathinagar S., Avinash P. Sattur, and Krishnapura Srinivasan. "Beneficial influence of fungal metabolite nigerloxin on eye lens abnormalities in experimental diabetes." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 90, no. 4 (April 2012): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y11-135.

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Osmotic and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract. Nigerloxin, a fungal metabolite, has been shown to possess aldose reductase inhibitory and free radical scavenging potential, in vitro. In the present study, the beneficial influence of nigerloxin was investigated on diabetes-induced alteration in the eye lens of rats treated with streptozotocin. Groups of diabetic rats were administered nigerloxin orally (100 mg·(kg body mass)–1·day–1) for 30 days. The activity of lens polyol pathway enzymes (aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase), lipid peroxides, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were increased in the diabetic animals. Levels of glutathione as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) were decreased in the eye lens of the diabetic animals. The administration of nigerloxin significantly decreased levels of lipid peroxides and AGEs in the lens of the diabetic rats. Increase in the activity of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in the lens was countered by nigerloxin treatment. The activity of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme in the lens was significantly elevated in nigerloxin-treated diabetic rats. Examination of the treated rats’ eyes indicated that nigerloxin delayed cataractogenesis in the diabetic rats. The results suggest the beneficial countering of polyol pathway enzymes and potentiation of the antioxidant defense system by nigerloxin in diabetic animals, implicating its potential in ameliorating cataracts in diabetics.
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30

Van Dyke, Knox, Erica Ghareeb, Robert Hoeldtke, Mark Van Dyke, Chris Van Dyke, and David Van Thiel. "Can Diabetes I and Early Blindness Be Prevented Using a Tylenol Combination Which Inhibits Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress?" ISRN Toxicology 2011 (October 5, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/461928.

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Since oxidative/nitrosative stress cause diabetes, can we prevent this chemistry generating the disease? Streptozotocin causes diabetes by entering the pancreatic beta cell generating excessive nitric oxide which reacts with oxygen creating a toxin possibly peroxynitrite, dinitrogen trioxide, dinitrogen tetraoxide and so forth. The toxic compounds damage the DNA causing beta cell death. This prevents insulin synthesis, storage and release. By using antioxidant substances that destroy the nitric-oxide-based toxins (e.g., carboxy-PTIO (oxidizes nitric oxide), polyphenolic-quercetin and monophenolic acetaminophen (Tylenol)) which are oxidation and nitration targets can the diabetes I causing toxins in animals be destroyed? Will this tri-drug combination completely prevent the deleterious effects of diabetes namely poor blood glucose control and blindness from cataracts for the entire length of the experiment (one year). These disease reversal experiments were accomplished in rats where the streptozotocin-diabetic effects were completely thwarted. In vitro experiments were accomplished to provide the scientific basis for the experimental results in animals.
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31

Tirumani, Prabhakar, and Rajashekhar Av. "IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY AND IN VIVO ANTICATARACT POTENTIAL OF HEMIDESMUS INDICUS ROOTS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21167.

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Objective: Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. (HI) (Indian sarsaparilla) is traditionally used in Indian medicine for human therapy. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of HI root extracts, and its effects on delaying (or) management of cataract progression in streptozoticin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: The plant roots were extracted in different solvents, estimated total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and conducted free radical scavenging potential through 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) NO, OH and reducing power assays. Further, the protective effect was evaluated in STZ induced diabetic rats through administered of ethyl acetate extract of HI (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) orally for 8 weeks to study its effect on oxidative stress and diabetic cataract progression.Results: In primary results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract has been showed considerable free radical scavenging activity and significantly gain body weight, gradual decreasing blood glucose levels and delay cataract progression has been observed in HI treated rats. Furthermore, we observed significantly decreased oxidative stress markers, and restoration of the antioxidant system in HI treated rats. Lens sections from experimental animal again evidenced to conform the ameliorative effect of HI on diabetic cataract.Conclusion: This obtained result’s confirmed that the protective effect of HI is attributed to the antioxidant activities of plant roots and its active principles.
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Otriami, Ihsan, Devin Mahendika, and Dio Jainata. "POTENSI TEMPE (RHYZOPUS.SP) SEBAGAI SUMBER PHYTOESTROGENS UNTUK MENGAKTIFKAN DAN MENCAPAI SEL STEM DALAM PERBAIKAN LENSA KATARAK DAN PERBAIKAN METANOLIK DARI EKSTRAK GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) SEBAGAI TERAPI TERAPI DALAM KATAK DIABETIK." Al-Iqra Medical Journal : Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran 2, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/aimj.v3i1.2746.

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Cataracts are turbidity lenses that are normally transparent and light is passed through to the retina, which is caused by various things resulting in impaired vision. One of the causes of cataract is diabetes mellitus which manifests clinically as hyperglycemia. Various therapies have been developed to deal with cataracts. However, the therapy is a definitive form of surgery which causes long-term complications in the form of blindness. One of the therapeutic modalities developed today is stem cell therapy. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells and have high potential to become other cells. Stem cells can differentiate to repair damaged lentic capsules and the formation of subepithelial lamellar fibers. Stem cells proliferate and migrate will be assisted by estrogen. However, the use of estrogen often causes bad side effects for the body. So, estrogen replacement is needed which has the same effect but does not produce side effects.Tempe is a typical Indonesian food that has isoflavonoid content. Isoflavonoids are able to function as phytoestrogens in the human body and have the same function as 17β-estradiol. In stem cells, phytoestrogens will play a role in activating paracrine actin (Akt) and stromal cell derived-1 (SDF-1) signals. Phytoestrogens will accelerate the rate of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) / induced pluripotential stem cell (iPSC) and bind to the right receptors, so as to increase the work effectiveness of stem cells. Meanwhile, in diabetic cataract conditions the potential for garlic methanolic has recently been developed in relation to antioxidant effects, effective hypoglycemic and scavenging oxidative stress factors such as H2O2 and decreasing protein fraction in the lens due to protein insolubility. Keywords : Tempe, Stem Cell, Phytoestrogens, Garlic, and Metanolic.
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Bell, Rhonda C., John C. Carlson, Katrina C. Storr, Kelley Herbert, and Jacob Sivak. "High-fructose feeding of streptozotocin-diabetic rats is associated with increased cataract formation and increased oxidative stress in the kidney." British Journal of Nutrition 84, no. 4 (October 2000): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500001896.

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We examined the effects of high-fructose (FR) feeding on the development of diabetic complications in the lens and the kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Male Wistar Furth rats were treated with one of two doses of STZ (HIGH STZ, 55 mg/kg body weight; MOD STZ, 35 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle alone (SHAM) and were then assigned to a control (CNTL) or 400 g FR/kg diet for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations differed among STZ groups (HIGH v. MOD v. SHAM, P<0·001) but did not differ due to diet. Plasma FR concentrations were significantly higher in FR-fed v. CNTL-fed groups (P<0·0001) and in HIGH-STZ groups v. MOD-STZ and SHAM groups (P<0·0004 and P<0·0001 respectively). Focal length variability of the lens, a quantitative measure of cataract formation, was increased in the HIGH STZ, FR group compared with the HIGH STZ, CNTL group (P<0·01). The concentration of H2O2 in kidney microsomes was significantly higher in HIGH STZ, FR rats v. HIGH STZ, CNTL rats (P<0·01). Microalbuminuria was not observed in any of the groups examined, and there was no evidence of extensive histological damage in the kidney from any rats. Under conditions of severe hyperglycaemia, high FR intake promotes the development of cataracts in the lens of the eye, and results in increased concentrations of substances indicative of oxidative stress in the kidney. Although FR has been suggested as a carbohydrate source for diabetics, a high FR diet coupled with hyperglycaemia produces effects that may promote some of the complications associated with diabetes.
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Kutlu, Mehmet, Mustafa Naziroglu, Halil Simsek, Turgut Yilmaz, and A. Sahap Kükner. "Moderate Exercise Combined with Dietary Vitamins C and E Counteracts Oxidative Stress in the Kidney and Lens of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.75.1.71.

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Oxidative stress has a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cataract formation and nephropathy. Daily moderate exercise and vitamins C and E (VCE) supplementation can be beneficial to diabetes due to reducing blood glucose and free radical production The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of moderate exercise with vitamin VCE on lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidative systems in the kidneys and lens of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty female Wistar rats were used. They were randomly divided into four groups. The first and second groups were used as control and diabetic groups. The third group was the diabetic-exercise group. VCE-supplemented feed was given to diabetic-exercise rats constituting the fourth group. Animals in the exercised groups were moderately exercised daily on a treadmill for three weeks (five days a week). Diabetes was induced on day zero of exercise. Body weights in the four groups were recorded weekly. Lens and kidney samples were taken from all animals on day 20. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E, and β-carotene levels in kidney and lens, albumin in plasma, and body weight were significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the control group, whereas there was a significant increase in LP of kidney and lens as well as plasma glucose, urea, and creatinine levels in the diabetic group. The decrease in antioxidant enzymes, vitamins, and albumin and the increase in LP and glucose levels in diabetic rats were significantly improved with exercise and VCE supplementation. In the diabetic animals, the decreased β-carotene and vitamins A levels in kidney did not improve through exercise only, although their levels were increased by exercise plus VCE supplementation. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that lipid peroxidation increases in the lens and kidney of diabetic animals and this could be due to decreases in antioxidant vitamins and enzymes. However, dietary VCE with moderate exercise may strengthen the antioxidant defense system through the reduction of ROS and blood glucose levels. The VCE supplementations with exercise may play a role in preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy and cataract formation in diabetic animals.
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Nakano, Masako, Natsumi Orimo, Nakako Katagiri, Masahito Tsubata, Jiro Takahashi, and Nguyen Van Chuyen. "Inhibitory Effect of Astraxanthin Combined with Flavangenol® on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Streptozotocin-Iduced Diabetic Rats." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 78, no. 45 (May 1, 2008): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.78.45.175.

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In this study, the effect of dietary antioxidants, such as astaxanthin and Flavangenol®, and a combination of both, in counteracting oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes was investigated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into four groups: control, astaxanthin, Flavangenol, and combined astaxanthin and Flavangenol (mix group). Each group other than the control group was fed with an astaxanthin diet (0.1 g/kg), Flavangenol diet (2.0 g/kg), or an astaxanthin (0.1 g/kg)-Flavangenol (2.0 g/kg) mixture diet, respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, the results showed that the lipid peroxide levels of plasma and lens and the plasma triglyceride (TG) level in the mix group were significantly decreased by 44%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, compared with the control group. In the mix group, lipid peroxidation was also significantly reduced by 70% in the liver and 20% in the kidney compared with the control group. Furthermore, the level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the mix group was significantly lower, 36%, than the control group. The α-tocopherol concentrations in the plasma, liver, and kidney in the astaxanthin and mix groups were significantly higher, 3-9 times, than in the control group. The degree of cataract formation in the Flavangenol and mix groups tended to be lower than the control group. These results indicate that the combination of astaxanthin with Flvangenol has an improved protective effect on oxidative stress associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes than either agent used alone. Thus, this combination may be beneficial in preventing the progression of diabetic complications.
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Otsyula, Mary, Matthew S. King, Tonya G. Ketcham, Ruth A. Sanders, and John B. Watkins. "Oxidative Stress in Rats After 60 Days of Hypergalactosemia or Hyperglycemia." International Journal of Toxicology 22, no. 6 (November 2003): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109158180302200603.

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Two of the models used in current diabetes research include the hypergalactosemic rat and the hyperglucosemic, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Few studies, however, have examined the concurrence of these two models regarding the effects of elevated hexoses on biomarkers of oxidative stress. This study compared the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and the concentrations of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and thiobarbituric acid reactants (as a measure of lipid peroxidation) in liver, kidney, and heart of Sprague-Dawley rats after 60 days of either a 50% galactose diet or insulin deficiency caused by streptozotocin injection. Most rats from both models developed bilateral cataracts. Blood glucose and glycosy-lated hemoglobin A1c concentrations were elevated in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Streptozotocin diabetic rats exhibited elevated activities of renal superoxide dismutase, cardiac catalase, and renal and cardiac glutathione peroxidase, as well as elevated hepatic lipid peroxidation. Insulin treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats normalized altered markers. In galactosemic rats, hepatic lipid peroxidation was increased whereas glutathione reductase activity was diminished. Glutathione levels in liver were decreased in diabetic rats but elevated in the galactosemic rats, whereas hepatic glutathione disulfide concentrations were decreased much more in diabetes than in galactosemia. Insulin treatment reversed/prevented all changes caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Lack of concomitance in these data indicate that the 60-day galactose-fed rat is not experiencing the same oxidative stress as the streptozotocin diabetic rat, and that investigators must be cautious drawing conclusions regarding the concurrence of the effects of the two animal models on oxidative stress biomarkers.
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37

Thiraphatthanavong, Paphaphat, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn, Supaporn Muchimapura, Wipawee Thukham-mee, Panakaporn Wannanon, Terdthai Tong-un, Bhalang Suriharn, and Kamol Lertrat. "Preventive Effect ofZea maysL. (Purple Waxy Corn) on Experimental Diabetic Cataract." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/507435.

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Recently, substances possessing antioxidant can prevent cataractogenesis of diabetic cataract. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the anticataract effect ofZea maysL. (purple waxy corn), a flavonoids rich plant, in experimental diabetic cataract. Enucleated rat lenses were incubated in artificial aqueous humor containing 55 mM glucose with various concentrations ofZea maysL. (purple waxy corn) ranging between 2, 10, and 50 mg/mL at room temperature for 72 h. At the end of the incubation period, the evaluation of lens opacification, MDA level, and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and AR in lens were performed. The results showed that both medium and high doses of extract decreased lens opacity together with the decreased MDA level. In addition, medium dose of extract increased GPx activity while the high dose decreased AR activity. No other significant changes were observed. The purple waxy corn seeds extract is the potential candidate to protect against diabetic cataract. The mechanism of action may occur via the decreased oxidative stress and the suppression of AR. However, further research in vivo is still essential.
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Gomaa, AnharM, AmalA Hassan, GaberM G. Shehab, FatmaH Abd El-Razek, and EmanM El-Metwally. "Effects of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica) juice on oxidative stress in diabetic cataract rats." Saudi Journal for Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-0521.94980.

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39

Chitra, P. Swathi, Debolina Chaki, Naveen K. Boiroju, Thirupathi R. Mokalla, Aruna K. Gadde, Satish G. Agraharam, and G. Bhanuprakash Reddy. "Status of oxidative stress markers, advanced glycation index, and polyol pathway in age-related cataract subjects with and without diabetes." Experimental Eye Research 200 (November 2020): 108230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2020.108230.

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40

Stunf Pukl, Spela, Nataša Vidović Valentinčič, Mojca Urbančič, Irena Irman Grčar, Rok Grčar, Vladimir Pfeifer, and Mojca Globočnik Petrovič. "Visual Acuity, Retinal Sensitivity, and Macular Thickness Changes in Diabetic Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy after Cataract Surgery." Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3459156.

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Aim. Functional and morphological macular study after cataract surgery in a group of diabetics without diabetic retinopathy compared to nondiabetics to evaluate the effect of surgical oxidative stress on diabetic retina.Methods. Prospective, comparative study. Preoperative eye exam, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured by ETDRS letters, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were followed by standard cataract surgery. The follow-up visits at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively included BCVA, OCT, and microperimetry, to analyze changes within and between the groups.Results. The BCVA improved significantly in diabetics and controls: 64.2 to 81.0 and 61.9 to 82.1 ETDRS at 6 months, respectively. The central macula at OCT significantly thickened in both groups, while the central 5 fields, corresponding to the microperimetry area, subclinically thickened from 284.20 to 291.18 μm at 6 months only in diabetics (p=0.026). A matching slight decrease in the microperimetry sensitivity from 1 to 6 months was found also only in diabetics, with mean average difference −0.75 dB (p=0.04).Conclusion. Underlying diabetes does not influence the surgical outcome in diabetics without diabetic retinopathy. However, slight thickening of wider macula and corresponding decrease in retinal sensitivity observed in diabetics 6 months postoperatively might influence visual function on long term.
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Akmali, Masoumeh, Mojtaba Beheshtitabar, and Marjan Khorsand. "Effects of melatonin on plasma and lenticular oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetic cataract." Clinical Biochemistry 44, no. 13 (September 2011): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.096.

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Gong, Weifeng, Guangyue Zhu, Jie Li, and Xin Yang. "LncRNA MALAT1 promotes the apoptosis and oxidative stress of human lens epithelial cells via p38MAPK pathway in diabetic cataract." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 144 (October 2018): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.06.020.

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43

Achete de Souza, Gabriela, Sâmylla Vaz de Marqui, Júlia Novaes Matias, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, and Sandra Maria Barbalho. "Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress." Planta Medica 86, no. 06 (February 25, 2020): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1109-3405.

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Abstract Ginkgo biloba (GB) is one of the most widely used phytotherapeutic products in the world, and its extract has beneficial properties for the treatment of several pathologies, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, cataracts, hearing loss, myocardial lesion, hippocampus neuronal lesions, morphometry testicular changes, and liver damage. This review aims to investigate the effects of GB on diseases related to oxidative stress. Databases such as MEDLINE/PUBMED and EMBASE were consulted, and PRISMA guidelines were used to build the review. This plant has antioxidant properties since it regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes positively and reduces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, contributing to the reduction of lipid peroxidation. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. In animal models, the use of GB can show positive effects on brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial injury, and renal and liver damage. In humans, the positive effects were shown in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic colitis. These effects are due to the presence of compounds such as bilobalide, isoramnetina, quercetin, kaempferol, and ginkgolides A, B, and C. For these reasons, GB can be a low-cost alternative to the therapeutic approach of several pathologies since it acts in the prevention, treatment, and inhibition of several complications of common comorbidities.
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Arifin, Arfina Sukmawati. "Antioxidant Activity of Pigmented Rice and Impact on Health." JURNAL PANGAN 28, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33964/jp.v28i1.416.

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The high number of free radicals that are not balanced with the amount of antioxidants in the body triggers oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes impaired vascular function, damage to proteins and lipids in membrane cell, and nucleic acid (DNA) mutations. Chronic cell damage has a negative effect on tissue that triggers various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and others), cataracts, retinal damage, maculopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, stroke, diabetes mellitus , immunodepression, cancer, aging, hyperoxia, dermatitis, and others. The application of a healthy lifestyle for example by consuming food sources of bioactive compounds can minimize health risks. Rice is the staple food of the Indonesian people. Some types of rice contain red and black pigments which are known to have high antioxidant activity compared to white rice. The pigment comes from anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. Various studies in vitro and in vivo prove that anthocyanin and proantocyanidine act as antioxidants and potency as a preventative for various diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, and etc.
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45

Petrou, Athinoula L., and Athina Terzidaki. "A meta-analysis and review examining a possible role for oxidative stress and singlet oxygen in diverse diseases." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 16 (August 2, 2017): 2713–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20161058.

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From kinetic data (k, T) we calculated the thermodynamic parameters for various processes (nucleation, elongation, fibrillization, etc.) of proteinaceous diseases that are related to the β-amyloid protein (Alzheimer's), to tau protein (Alzheimer's, Pick's), to α-synuclein (Parkinson's), prion, amylin (type II diabetes), and to α-crystallin (cataract). Our calculations led to ΔG≠ values that vary in the range 92.8–127 kJ mol−1 at 310 K. A value of ∼10–30 kJ mol−1 is the activation energy for the diffusion of reactants, depending on the reaction and the medium. The energy needed for the excitation of O2 from the ground to the first excited state (1Δg, singlet oxygen) is equal to 92 kJ mol−1. So, the ΔG≠ is equal to the energy needed for the excitation of ground state oxygen to the singlet oxygen (1Δg first excited) state. The similarity of the ΔG≠ values is an indication that a common mechanism in the above disorders may be taking place. We attribute this common mechanism to the (same) role of the oxidative stress and specifically of singlet oxygen, (1Δg), to the above-mentioned processes: excitation of ground state oxygen to the singlet oxygen, 1Δg, state (92 kJ mol−1), and reaction of the empty π* orbital with high electron density regions of biomolecules (∼10–30 kJ mol−1 for their diffusion). The ΔG≠ for cases of heat-induced cell killing (cancer) lie also in the above range at 310 K. The present paper is a review and meta-analysis of literature data referring to neurodegenerative and other disorders.
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Stähelin. "The Impact of Antioxidants on Chronic Disease in Ageing and in Old Age." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 69, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.69.3.146.

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The antioxidant defense system is important in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing oxidative stress. Antioxidants are important dietary components contributing to a general slowing of ageing processes (e.g. cataract formation), but also in protecting particularly vulnerable sites from developing tissue injuries resulting in chronic diseases. This suggests that we should aim at certain minimum threshold concentrations of plasma antioxidants. In the near future, it is well possible that the amount of nutrients necessary to prevent or to reduce the risk for chronic diseases will be the more important issue than the amount it takes to prevent deficiencies. In order to achieve optimal nutritional levels, particularly elderly may benefit from the use of supplements during periods of stress or compromised nutrient intake. The highly interactive antioxidative system in the body strongly suggests that a well-balanced adequate intake of different antioxidants will be superior in its protective action to the supplementation with one single compound. It should be possible to resolve in the near future the question whether two days’ RDA’s are still adequate or whether the intake should be revised upwards.
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Kirboga, Kadir, Ayse V. Ozec, Mustafa Kosker, Ayhan Dursun, Mustafa I. Toker, Huseyin Aydin, Haydar Erdogan, Aysen Topalkara, and Mustafa K. Arici. "The Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Levels of Ischemia-Modified Albumin, Total Thiol, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Total Oxidative Stress in Serum and Aqueous Humor." Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/820853.

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Purpose. To investigate the oxidant and antioxidant status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DRP).Methods. Forty-four patients who had cataract surgery were enrolled in the study. We included 22 patients with DRP in one group and 22 patients in the control group. Samples of aqueous humor and serum were taken from all patients. Serum and aqueous ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total thiol, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were compared in two groups.Results. Median serum IMA levels were 44.80 absorbance units in the DRP group and 40.15 absorbance units in the control group (P=0.031). Median serum total thiol levels in the DRP group were significantly less than those in the control group (3051.13 and 3910.12, resp.,P=0.004). Mean TOS levels in the serum were 2.93 ± 0.19 in the DRP group and 2.61 ± 0.26 in the control group (P=0.039). The differences in mean total thiol, TAC, and TOS levels in the aqueous humor and mean TAC levels in the serum were not statistically significant.Conclusion. IMA, total thiol, and TOS levels in the serum might be useful markers in monitoring the risk of DRP development.
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YILMAZ, Mevlut, Bengu EKINCI KOKTEKIR, Banu BOZKURT, Fikret AKYUREK, Suleyman OKUDAN, and Ali UNLU. "Evaluation of total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress levels in humor aqueous of diabetic cataract patients." Journal of Retina-Vitreous 29, no. 1 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37845/ret.vit.2020.29.5.

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Zhang, Jie, Hong Yan, and Marjorie F. Lou. "Does oxidative stress play any role in diabetic cataract formation? ----Re-evaluation using a thioltransferase gene knockout mouse model." Experimental Eye Research 161 (August 2017): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2017.05.014.

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Saleh, A., S. M. Zainal-Ariffin, S. F. Yahaya, and A. G. Khaleel. "Antioxidant Activities and Estimation of Phenol and Flavonoid Contents in The Extracts Of Trema Orientalis Linn Blume." Nigerian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v41i2.1.

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Phytochemical analysis is important in the evaluation of bioactive compounds from plants. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathology of many diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, cataract, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions, and stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Trema orientalis. Antioxidant activity was estimated spectrophotometrically using 2,2– diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of the Trema orientalis extracts were determined using standard methods. IndependentSample T–test was used for Data analyses. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Total phenolic contents were found to be 260.96±2.31 mg GAE/g and 134.08±0.56 mg GAE/g in the ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. Similarly, total flavonoid contents were between 32.71±0.89 and 4.70±0.23 mg GAE/g. The radical scavenging effect was observed in ethanol extract with IC50 = 9.27 µg/mL. The abundance of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the T. orientalis could confirm their good therapeutic potentials inethnobotany. Keywords: Trema orientalis, Phenols, Flavonoids, Antioxidant activities
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