Academic literature on the topic 'Diabetes mellitus Psychological aspects'

This study investigated emotional adjustment and regimen adherence of pregnant women \\ith insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (lDDM). 40 pregnant women with IDDM (P/D group), 35 pregnant non-diabetic women (PIN-D group) and 25 non-pregnant women who had IDDM (NP/ D group) were interviewed in their homes. Both of the diabetic groups self-monitored their regimen adherence in the week following the interview. All PID and PIN-D interviews took place in the second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy was associated with significant shifts in blood glucose testing behaviour but only minor shifts in dietary behaviour. The two diabetic groups also differed in the factors that predicted blood glucose testing. Health beliefs and attitudes to the disease did not alter dramatically during pregnancy. The 2 pregnant groups did not differ in terms of physical symptoms of pregnancy or in rates of hospitalization. The PID group did not report higher levels of health anxieties and they were optimistic about the prognosis for the pregnancy. No group differences were found in psychological attachment to the foetus. Within both pregnant groups attachment to the foetus was found to be unrelated to feelings about the state of pregnancy. The three groups did not differ in current levels of depressed mood but the N-P/D group had experienced a significantly higher rate of previous emotional problems. The generally favourable psychological adjustment of the PIO women was attributed to changes in the medical management of diabetic pregnancy and the improved prognosis for both mother and baby. The suggestion is also made that that the PIO women may have differed in their tolerance of physical symptoms of pregnancy. The limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Diet recommendations to achieve target metabolic control for prevention of micro and macrovascular complications have been outlined. Although previous studies in individuals with type 2 diabetes have identified certain factors associated with adherence to diet recommendations, adherence is multi-factorial in nature and includes demographic, biological and psychosocial variables. Our main objective was to identify factors associated With dietary behaviour among individuals with type 2 diabetes attending an out-patient clinic. Furthermore, we attempted to identify factors associated with frequency of seeing the dietitian and stages of change far lower fat intake. Principal hypothesis: those who are younger, female, lower in body mass index (BMI), higher in education level, exposed to a dietitian in the past year, higher in stage of change, having greater nutrition knowledge, greater perception of risk and benefits as well as fewer perceived barriers, would consume less total and saturated fat. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial phenomena of self-esteem in relation to gucose control in diabetic adolescent girls living in the Inland Empire. Three central themes emerged: body image, peer acceptance, and stress.

Background: Diabetes is a growing public health problem affecting people worldwide both in the developed and developing countries, and poses a major socio-economic, psychological and Behavioral challenge. Consequently, diabetes takes a staggering toll on the people in Nigeria and the economic burden is very high. It is a well known fact that numerous factors influence diabetes self-care: such as patient’s physical, psychological, social, cognitive and health care system factors. In this study, the researcher set out to elicit an understanding of the association between socio-demographic, socio-cognitive, and psychological health and to specifically provide explanations for how these three factors are related and differ across ethnicity, gender and type of diabetes. Conversely, studies investigating the psychological health in people with diabetes have observed disparities in terms of gender, ethnicity and the type of diabetes. More so, the impact of socio-cognitive health indicators on psychological status in the Nigerian context remains invisible and unknown. Additional investigations were carried out to assess the pattern of the psychological health of diabetic patients using socio-demographic and socio-cognitive factors, to identify if differences occur in the psychological and socio-cognitive factors by gender, ethnicity and type of diabetes. Finally, an exploration of the contextual and explanatory factors perceived to have underlain the gender ethnicity and type of diabetes differences observed in the psychological status and socio- cognitive health was carried out. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods design comprising a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase was employed. In the quantitative phase general survey, data from the N= 486 participants were analysed to test for significant differences of ethnic groups, gender, type of diabetes and the relationship they all have on psychological status and socio-cognitive health. The qualitative phase on the other hand, was based on a follow up of the significant results by using semi-structured focus group interviews with 18 recruited respondents across gender, ethnic groups and type of diabetes. Findings: A 2x4x2 MANOVA hypotheses: 2 and 3 from the quantitative study showed a significant interaction between gender, ethnicity and type of diabetes; ethnicity and type of diabetes; gender and type of diabetes; gender and ethnicity. From the partial eta squared 2 , type of diabetes explains more of the variance remaining (after excluding the variance attributable to other variables) (21.4% vs 20.1%); than gender (21.1% vs 13.3%); which, in turn, explains more of the variance than ethnicity (5.6% vs 6.5%) on the combined DVs Psychological and Socio-cognitive health respectively. The qualitative results revealed extreme and overwhelmingchallenges diabetes imposed on the sufferers. It provided specific insight and on patients contextual experiences such as non-adherence; concerns about the present and the future’ health care systems and the way medical practitioners interact with patients which negatively impact on psychological status. These factors broadened the quantitative result in terms of the consistence in the patients’ descriptions of living with and self-managing their diabetes. Conclusions: The outcome of the t study has extended knowledge on the complex and dynamic nature of individuals’ responses to the challenges of diabetes in day-to-day self-care management and how best diabetic patients should be supported in order to promote adherence, positive treatment processes, provide assistance to the physical discomfort associated with diabetes, and support pro-diabetes coping behaviors (diet), through psychotherapy so as to enhance optimal psycho-behavioral health.

A gestação é um período marcado por diversas transformações na vida da mulher e envolve aspectos sociais, biológicos, conjugais e psicológicos. No entanto, a maneira como cada gestante reage varia de acordo com as circunstâncias em que ocorreu a gravidez. Todos esses fatores são agravados na gestação de risco. O suporte social tem sido considerado como importante fator de proteção às adversidades desse período. Avaliar e considerar aspectos sociais e psicológicos se destaca como uma forma de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da gestante. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma caracterização psicossocial de 66 gestantes de alto risco, diabéticas em acompanhamento pré-natal, quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos e psicológicos e buscar possíveis associações estatísticas entre tais aspectos. Quanto aos aspectos psicológicos, foram avaliados níveis de ansiedade, depressão, estresse e suporte social referido. Como resultados, pode-se constatar que 57,57% das pacientes avaliadas tinham idade entre 26 e 35 anos, 60,60% tinham de nove a onze anos de estudo e 92,42% tinham um companheiro. Dentre as pacientes, 4,55% tinham diabetes mellitus tipo 1, 33,33% tinham diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e 62,12% tinham diabetes mellitus gestacional. As pacientes avaliaram sua gravidez como planejada em 51,51% da amostra. Com relação a aspectos psicológicos, 36,36% das pacientes apresentaram sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depressão e a média da pontuação para o estresse foi de 24,24, em uma escala de até 56 pontos. Na amostra, 48,48% das pacientes referiram ter atividades de lazer em sua rotina e 93,94% apresentam uma boa percepção do apoio familiar. Foram encontradas associações entre número de gestações e depressão, sendo que dentre as pacientes que apresentaram sintomas depressivos, 50% delas estavam na segunda gestação. Não foram encontradas associações estatísticas entre idade, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade, planejamento da gravidez com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Pacientes que apresentaram maiores níveis de ansiedade e depressão apresentaram mais sintomas de estresse e menores níveis de suporte social. Ampliar o conhecimento sobre variáveis psicológicas no ciclo gravídico-puerperal possibilitará a estruturação de intervenções psicológicas específicas a este período tão particular.<br>Pregnancy is a period marked by several changes in women\'s lives and involves social, biological, psychological and marital aspects. However, the way each woman reacts varies according to the circumstances in which the pregnancy occurred. All these factors are worsen in high-risk pregnancies. Social support has been considered an important protective factor for the adversities of that period. Evaluating and considering social and psychological aspects stand out as a way to contribute to the improvement of the pregnant womans quality of life. The aim of this study was to make a psychosocial characterization of 66 high-risk diabetic pregnant women, in prenatal care, in terms of socio-demographic and psychological aspects, and search for possible statistical associations between these aspects. Concerning psychological aspects, levels of anxiety, depression, stress and related social support were evaluated. In the results, it can be seen that 57.57% of the patients evaluated were aged between 26 and 35 years, 60.60% had between nine to eleven years of study and 92.42% had a partner. Among the patients, 4.55% had diabetes mellitus type 1, 33.33% had diabetes mellitus type 2 and 62.12% had gestational diabetes mellitus. The patients rated their pregnancy as planned in 51.51% of the sample. Regarding psychological aspects, 36.36% of the patients had significant symptoms of anxiety and depression and the average score for stress was 24.24 out of a 56 points scale. In the sample, 48.48% of the patients reported having leisure activities routine and 93.94% have a good perception of family support. It was found associations between number of pregnancies and depression, whereas among patients with depressive symptoms, 50% were in their second pregnancy. There were no statistical associations between age, socioeconomic status, education and pregnancy planning with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Patients who had higher levels of anxiety and depression showed more symptoms of stress and lower levels of social support. Increasing the knowledge of psychological variables in pregnancy and childbirth will enable the structuring of specific psychological interventions to such a particular period.

Diabetes Melito (DM) é uma condição crônica que demanda uma série de cuidados médicos contínuos, cujos tratamentos requerem uma ação colaborativa entre o paciente, a família e a equipe de saúde. A importância dos aspectos psicológicos no cuidado do DM vem sendo discutida em muitos estudos. Desenvolver habilidades de enfrentamento, de auto-cuidado, e de atitude frente ao tratamento são características desejadas para pacientes que desejem viver bem com o DM. Evidências recentes sugerem que pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 e tipo 2 apresentam freqüentemente alterações do comportamento psicológico que podem afetar o seu tratamento. Problemas psicológicos e sociais podem prejudicar a habilidade individual de desempenhar as tarefas referentes ao tratamento, comprometendo o acompanhamento médico, o controle metabólico e conseqüentemente a qualidade de vida. A atenção aos aspectos psicossociais deve ser constante por parte da equipe de saúde. A avaliação da percepção do paciente a respeito do DM pode ser realizada através de questionários específicos. Em conclusão, existe uma necessidade urgente de encontrar novas técnicas para diminuir o impacto econômico e pessoal desta doença crônica e progressiva, através de estratégias eficazes de prevenção, detecção e tratamento. A partir de uma perspectiva onde o foco seja a pessoa, e não a doença, é importante investigar as barreiras emocionais e comportamentais ao efetivo tratamento da doença e sua relação com o controle glicêmico.<br>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that demands a continuous series of medical interventions, and whose treatment calls for a collaborative action between the patient, family and the health team. The importance of the psychological aspects in the care of DM has been discussed in many studies. Developing coping skills of self-care and attitude in face of the treatment is a required aim for patients who want to live well with DM. Recent evidence suggests that type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients frequently have psychological and behavioral changes that can directly affect treatment Psychological and social problems can impact the individual’s skill in fulfilling the tasks related to the treatment, affecting the medical follow-up, metabolic control, and consequently the quality of life. The attention to the psychosocial aspects must be continuously sought by the health team. The assessment of the patient’s perception of DM must be carried out through specific questionnaires. In conclusion, there is an urgent necessity of finding new techniques to reduce the economical and personal impact of this chronic and progressive disease, through efficient strategies of prevention, detection and treatment. From a perspective where the focus is the person, and not the disease, it is important to access the emotional and behavioral barriers to the effective treatment of the disease and their relation with glycaemic control.