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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diabetes technology'
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Hanauer, David Alan 1973. "Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS) : using web and wireless phone technology to improve diabetes compliance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28586.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-104).<br>Automated computer technologies utilizing e-mail or SMS text messaging reminders can help overcome adherence barriers to optimal glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Text messaging on cellular phones, in particular, has become a popular communications tool among adolescents and young adults. We have created an automated computer system that provides reminders to check blood sugars by e-mail or text messaging on a cellular phone. The reminder schedule is set on a password-protected web site by the user according to his or her preferences. Users can respond to the reminders with their blood sugars, which are time and date stamped and then stored in a database. Text parsing rules allow users to override the time and date and to attach a comment as well. The blood sugar log can later be viewed and edited on the web site. Positive feedback is provided for every blood sugar entered and users also have the option to have both general and diabetes facts sent to them daily at random times via e-mail or text messaging. A randomized, controlled trial comparing e-mail with text messaging is underway at the time of this writing to test the feasibility and utility of this system in patients with diabetes. Preliminary results from 10 users (mean age 18.9 [plus-minus] 2.0 years) indicate that the system appeals to a subset of the study population. Two of the ten subjects have been using the system consistently, each submitting an average of 1.3 and 2.7 blood sugars per day, respectively. Only 4 of the 51 blood sugars submitted have been via the website, suggesting that submission via e-mail or cell phone is more appealing. Final results will not be obtained until all patients have been enrolled and have completed their three month trial period.<br>by David Alan Hanauer.<br>S.M.
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Mitev, Nikolay. "E-health for people with diabetes : Adoption and use of diabetes self-management applications among diabetics in Bulgaria." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39081.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study the level of understanding of e-health applications among users with diabetes in Bulgaria, to find out how they use those applications, and to provide knowledge on what m-health applications provide to people with diabetes, and what they actually need. This research used TAM variables combined with Innovation Diffusion Theory to produce knowledge on technology acceptance. Therefore, the factors of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability will be used to determine perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavior intention to use a technology. This research was intended to gather information on the use of diabetes self-management mobile apps in a standardized manner. The instrument used for the survey, a questionnaire, aimed to provide information on the use and experience of mobile health apps for managing diabetes. The final online survey was completed by 71 participants, 38 of which were female, 28 were male and 7 were of non-specified gender. The introductory stage of the survey showed that most of the respondents were between the ages of 31 to 40 years old (28.2 %), and that the largest part of the population sample has been diabetic for five years (32.4%). By taking into consideration the results, it can be said that 74.6% of relative advantage correspond to very high perceived usefulness on behalf of the respondents. And a score of 53.5% shows that the people who took part in the survey exhibit high perceived ease of use of the mobile applications. This concludes that initially upon using diabetes self-management applications, the respondent’s exhibit high behavioral intention to do so and due to that the applications are not defined as complex, they are suitable for constant use.
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Merck, Stephanie F. "Pre-Diabetes, Self-Management and Technology| A Qualitative Case Study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10624381.
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<p> Chronic disease is costly and requires a different approach to care than acute illness. Preventing chronic disease may improve health outcomes. This qualitative, explanatory case study explains the experiences of eight participants, from a suburban internal medicine practice in Fairfield County, CT, who used activity trackers/applications to adhere to diet and exercise. Daily email logs, information from the activity tracker/application and an exit interview provided detailed information about the participant used technology and what was most important to maintain lifestyle changes. The use of NVivo 11<sup> ®</sup> assisted with data analysis to identify common themes that emerged including accountability, awareness, challenges, and knowledge. Each participant’s information offered a unique perspective into how they viewed their responsibility to participate in their treatment plan. The use of technology assisted the participants to become actively involved in their disease management and development of new skills and strategies to support their lifestyle changes. Furthermore, the participant’s described difficulties adhering to the lifestyle changes within their daily lives. Since most of the management of any chronic condition occurs outside of a provider’s office, understanding the challenges and problems encountered by those with an early chronic disease, pre-diabetes, may assist providers to develop collaborative goals with their patients. Primary Care Providers, who understand the daily struggles of those Pre-diabetics, can offer realistic strategies for an individual to develop the necessary self-management skills to prevent diabetes.</p><p>
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Simpson, Sandra Marcia. "Walking the line managing type 2 diabetes : a grounded theory study of part-Europeans from Fiji : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master in Health Science, Department of Nursing Studies, Auckland University of Technology, November 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
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Buttigieg, Norma Josephine. "Support needs for diabetes self-management : exploring the views of Maltese individuals with type 2 diabetes using a grounded theory approach." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:15431.
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Diabetes is a long-term condition which causes significant public health concern in view of its increasing prevalence and associated morbidity. Notwithstanding this, effective management has been shown to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes complications, thereby improving prognosis. Diabetes has a high self-management demand. This involves behaviour modification together with psycho-social adjustments required to overcome challenges with integrating diabetes management in one’s life. Such challenges often originate from the socio-cultural context and it is recognised that support for diabetes self-management should target these challenges. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore how Maltese individuals with Type 2 diabetes believe they can be supported to manage their condition, as well as to examine whether, and if so how such views may be shaped by the Maltese socio-cultural environment. The study used a qualitative design guided by a Grounded Theory approach. Data were collected by in-depth focus group and one-to-one interviews, carried out amongst 52 adults with Type 2 diabetes recruited from an outpatient hospital clinic and community-based diabetes clinics in Malta. A total of six focus groups and twelve one-to-one interviews were conducted. Theoretical sampling was used and data analysis involved constant comparison of data, together with conceptualising and organising the data into categories. Generated categories were linked by exploring relationships between them, in the process of developing a substantive theory. The emergent theory describes how participants viewed diabetes self-management as involving the implementation of skills in thought and behavioural management. These skills were found to be key to coping and consisted of flexibility, proactive management, stress management and developing a positive mind-set towards diabetes. Furthermore, the theory outlines how aspects of Maltese culture, including those related to stigma, family, food and health services were seen to influence diabetes self-management directly, or through their impact on the development of such skills. A basic social process emerged representing individuals’ movement across the coping continuum, characterising transition to a higher/lower level of coping, during particular episodes in life. This process reinforced the identified relationship between the socio-cultural context and patient’s agency, demonstrating how such movement coincided with negative/positive experiences of socio-cultural influence. These findings have contributed new knowledge about the relationship between culture and diabetes-related coping. They suggest that patients may be supported in managing their diabetes by addressing cultural factors which influence the development of specific self-management skills. In Malta, this may involve new ways of delivering culturally sensitive care and education.
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Grankvist, Laban, and Hampus Hörnlund. "Vad är diabetes?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168066.
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Syftet med den här studien var att utforska hur man på ett effektivt sätt kan ta fram en animerad informationsfilm för att ge barn i åldrarna sju till tio år förståelse för diabetes typ 1, och att öka deras handlingsberedskap ifall en diabetesrelaterad krissituation skulle uppstå. Studien inleddes med en förstudie för att ta reda på vad diabetes typ 1 år, om en animerad informationsvideo är ett lämpligt inlärningsformat för målgruppen barn i åldrarna sju till tio, samt vilka designprinciper man bör ha i åtanke vid utformandet av informativa artefakterna som ska vara med under filmen. Arbetet fortgick med en designfas som bestod av utforskning av olika koncept med hjälp av storyboards. De här koncepten utvärderades i olika steg tills ett färdigt manus tog form. Efter att manuset var färdigställt började animeringsfasen. Det här slutade med en stiliserad animerad kortfilm på ungefär fyra minuter som förklarade grunderna kring diabetes och vad som bör göras i en diabetes-relaterad krissituation. Filmen värderades sen av en expert inom utbildning, med hjälp av hans nio-åriga son på grund av att COVID-19 pandemin förhindrade några verkliga möten med målgruppen. Hans åsikter kombinerades sen med vårt teoretiska ramverk för att ta fram studiens analys. Studiens slutsats är att animerade kortfilmer lämpar sig för att informera barn i avsedd åldersgrupp om diabetes typ 1. Ett bra sätt att göra det här på att använda starka kontrasterande färger för att dra fokus till viktiga objekt och använda mediets rörelse för att hålla tittaren underhållen. Det är viktigt att inte tala ner till barn i målgruppen.<br>The purpose of this study was to explore an effective way to create an informative animatedshort film to give children aged seven to ten an understanding of type 1 diabetes, andincrease their readiness in the case of a diabetes-related emergency.The study began with a research study to find out what type 1 diabetes is, if an animatedinformation video is a suitable teaching tool for the target audience of children aged sevento ten, and what design principles one should keep in mind when designing illustrations forchildren.The work proceeded with the design phase, which consisted of exploration of conceptsthrough the use of storyboards. These concepts were evaluated and compared in stages,until a final script was finished. After the script had been finished the animation stageproceeded. This culminated in a stylized animated short film of about four minutes thatexplained the basics of diabetes and what should be done in the case of a diabetes-relatedemergency.The film was then evaluated by an expert in the field of education, with help from his9-year-old son due to the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic preventing any physical meetingswith our target audience. His opinions were then combined with the theoretical framework toform the study’s analysis.The conclusion of this thesis is that the medium of animated short films is suitable forinforming children in the targeted age about diabetes type 1. A good way to do this is tofocus on strong contrasting colours to highlight important objects on screen and focus onusing the strengths of the medium’s movements to keep the viewer entertained. It’simportant not to talk down to the target audience.1
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Dubey, Anil Kumar 1967. "DMA : a diabetes disease management system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28582.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-44).<br>There is a clear and present need to improve the quality of diabetes care. Information technology can be used as a means to that end. In this article, we discuss the design and implementation of a web-based diabetes application. We show the role of modeling clinical workflow in the design philosophy of our application, and summarize our application's features and usage. Next, we describe observations made during and after design and implementation, and how they relate to the informatics literature. Finally, we elaborate on the paradigm of feedback control systems, its parallels with the design philosophy of our application, and its use as an organizational framework for the roles of information technology in diabetes care.<br>by Anil Kumar Dubey.<br>S.M.
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Coutu-Nadeau, Charles. "Evaluating the usability of diabetes management iPad applications." Thesis, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526000.
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<p> <b>Background</b> Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In 2012, 29.1 million people were estimated to have the condition, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 95% of all cases [1]. It is currently one of the most costly conditions in the country [2] and forecasts as a heavier burden for the U.S. with the prevalence expected to significantly increase [3]. For those who live with the disease, it is possible to manage diabetes in order to prevent or delay the onset of complications [4]. However the self-management regimen is complex and impacts nearly every important aspect of one's life [5].</p><p> The ubiquitous nature of mobile technologies and powerful capabilities of smartphones and tablets has led to a significant increased interest in the development and use of mobile health. Diabetes management is an application area where mobile devices could enhance the quality of life for people living with chronic illnesses [6]–[8], and usability is key to the adoption of such technologies [9], [10]. Past work has evaluated the usability of diabetes management apps for Android, iOS and Blackberry smartphones [11]-[14] despite the fact that no established method to evaluate the usability of mobile apps has emerged [15]. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the usability of diabetes management apps on iPad.</p><p> <b>Methods</b> This study introduces a novel usability survey that is designed for mHealth and specific to the iOS operating system. The survey is built on previous usability findings [11]–[14], Nielsen heuristics [16] and the Apple iOS Human Interface Guidelines [17]. The new instrument was evaluated with three evaluators assessing ten iPad apps, selected because they were the most popular diabetes management apps on the Apple AppStore. A focus group was subsequently held to gather more insight on the usability of the apps and the survey itself. Statistical analysis using R and grounded theory were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative results, respectively. </p><p> <b>Results</b> The survey identified OneTouch Reveal by LifeScan Inc. and TactioHealth by Tactic, Health Group as the most usable apps. GlucoMo by Artificial Life, Inc. and Diabetes in Check by Everyday Health, Inc. rated as the least usable apps. Setting up medication and editing blood glucose were the most problematic tasks. Some apps did not support all functions that were under review. Six main themes emerged from the focus group: the presentation of health information, aesthetic and minimalist design, flexibility and efficiency of data input, task feedback, intuitive design and app stability. These themes suggest important constructs of usability for mHealth apps.</p><p> <b>Discussion and Conclusion</b> Mobile health developers and researchers should focus on the tasks, heuristics and underlying issues that were identified as most problematic throughout the study. Additionally, research should further inquire on the potentially critical relation between the information available on app markets and the usability of apps. Several signs point to the potential of the usability survey that was developed but further adjustments and additional test iterations are warranted to validate its use as a reliable usability evaluation method.</p>
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Leelarathna, Lalantha Harendra. "Improving glucose control and reducing the burden of hypoglycaemia : use of novel diabetes technology in type 1 diabetes and critical illness." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648482.
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Sylvester, Amanda Jane. "Telehealth for Diabetes Education." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1526032869439739.
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Stewart, Zoe Alexandra. "Glycaemic control in pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275990.
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Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is associated with higher rates of maternal and infant complications. The complications are associated with maternal hyperglycaemia. Thus, the main goal of treatment for these women is to optimise glycaemic control and thereby improve clinical outcomes for themselves and for their baby. This thesis examines glycaemic control in the mothers and infants of pregnancies affected by type 1 diabetes. I present the first home studies of closed-loop insulin delivery in this population. The aim of these studies was to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and utility of overnight and then day-and-night closed-loop insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. The overnight study, which examined 16 pregnant women (mean age 34.1 years, HbA1c 6.8%, 14.4 weeks gestation), compared overnight use of the closed-loop system with sensor-augmented pump therapy in a 2x4-week randomised crossover design. We found that closed-loop therapy was associated with a 15% improvement in overnight time spent with target glucose concentration (3.5-7.8 mmol/L; 74.7% during closed-loop use vs 59.5% during sensor-augmented pump therapy use). The day-and night study also examined 16 pregnant women (mean age 32.8 years, HbA1c 8.0%, 16.4 weeks’ gestation) using a 2x4-week randomised crossover design to compare continuous day-and-night use of closed-loop insulin delivery with sensor-augmented pump therapy. This study enrolled a more diverse range of participants than the overnight study, but found that closed-loop therapy was associated with comparable glucose control and significantly less hypoglycaemia than sensor-augmented pump therapy. Chapter 4 examines women’s experiences of using the closed-loop system during pregnancy. While the system was generally well-received by participants, individual interactions and perceptions of the system varied markedly, and often did not align with biomedical measures of glycaemic response. After participation in either crossover study, participants could choose to continue using the technology until delivery (overnight study), or until 6 weeks post-partum (day and night study). Those data are presented in Chapters 2 and 3. The combined data from the women who used the closed-loop system during labour and delivery in either study are presented in Chapter 5. Tight glycaemic control during labour and delivery has traditionally been considered important for reducing rates of neonatal hypoglycaemia. However, despite very tight maternal glycaemic control in the women who used closed-loop insulin delivery, rates of neonatal hypoglycaemia were high. In order to better characterise the relationship between maternal glucose control in type 1 diabetes pregnancy and neonatal hypoglycaemia, Chapter 6 details an observational study in which continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure maternal and neonatal glycaemic control in 16 mother-infant pairs. The study found that, while neonatal hypoglycaemia was very frequent, it was generally, but not always, detected and treated effectively. Together, these studies suggest that a novel management tool, closed-loop insulin delivery, can improve overnight glycaemic control, and perhaps reduce hypoglycaemia during type 1 diabetes-affected pregnancies above what is possible with currently available treatments. However, complication rates remain high for these women and their babies. Further research is needed both to further develop treatments that can improve maternal glycaemic control, and to better understand the pathogenesis of diabetes-related pregnancy complications, with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes for women and their children. A definitive trial to assess the clinical efficacy, patient acceptability, and cost effectiveness of closed-loop is now warranted.
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Ramakrishnan, Chandrika. "Technology-based interventions in diabetes care, its future implications in young adults: a review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46941435.
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Alkhudairi, Bander. "Technology acceptance issues for a mobile application to support diabetes patients in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/49c72f6c-e18a-421a-bd51-f058aeeafc66.
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Saudi Arabia is a developing country faced with numerous economic, political and societal challenges. The country’s healthcare sector is in serious need of improvement due tofactors like a dilapidated transport network, suppression of women’s rights, the existence of many foreign nationals and health centers which are clustered around population centers and thus unequal to the task of providing convenient, prompt healthcare to some sections of the population. The introduction of a mobile application to manage a chronic disease such as diabetes could make it easier for patients to manage their illness and communicate with their healthcare specialists remotely; thus reducing the expense and time involved in attending appointments; as well as receiving vital information on areas such as diet, exercise and blood glucose monitoring alerts. Extensive applications in mHealth are being used globally with some success. However, Saudi Arabia has its own limitationsand is a very specific social and cultural context,and this study aims to fill the knowledge gap in the literature about how such mHealth technology would be accepted by Saudi diabetics, doctors and diabetes specialists; and a specially adapted theoretical model of technology acceptance was used. Male and female specialist doctors were interviewed and patients and doctors surveyedby means of an online questionnaire. All participants were asked to watch a short video,especially designed by the researcher to fit the Saudi context, about the functions of a diabetes management application. This primary data is a vital contribution to the understanding of the problems faced at present by Saudi diabetics in receiving adequate care and self-managing their illness, as well as providing an insight into the current state of technology acceptance for mHealth applications in Saudi Arabia. Findings reveal that both doctors and patients are generally positive about using a diabetes mHealth application but some wouldneed training, and there were concerns about privacy issues and whether its use would make more work for doctors. Culture, gender, age, education levels, income and locationwere found to impact adoption of technology in the Saudi context. The study seeks to make practical recommendations for Saudi healthcare providers and recommends starting with an IVR system based on the COSMOS Model, which addresses many of the challenges in self-management of diabetes. Furthermore, the diabetes management application ‘Glucose Buddy’ was evaluated and findings suggest that with incentives and training, this could be successfully implemented. Face-to-face communication is a major limitation in mHealth but at least patients receive care between appointments, and female patients unwilling to see male specialists can receive information and contact their hospital. The study concludes that mHealth is workable in Saudi Arabia and the model is scalable; as literacy and educational level rises, more sophisticated applications could be used. Finally, the study notes its limitations and uses them to make recommendations for further research.
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Shabestari, Omid L. "Evaluation of using Web 2.0 technologies in diabetes education for adolescent and young patients." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8721/.
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Diabetes Mellitius is a major chronic disease with multi-organ involvement and high-cost implications. Although it has been demonstrated that structured education can control the risk of developing these complications, there is a substantial room for improvement in the educational services for these patients. E-learning can be a good solution to fill this gap. A system dynamics model was developed in this study to highlight the potential return on investment in these systems.
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Akbasoglu, Beyza. "Usability Evaluation Of Mobile Information And Communications Technology In Health Care." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615758/index.pdf.
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Technology plays an increasingly important role in modern health care. This thesis presents an approach to usability evaluation of mobile information and communications technologies designed for diabetes patients&rsquo<br>use in their daily lives. According to our study conducted on 60 diabetes patients, several important findings were obtained. Fifty nine (98.3%) diabetes patients were highly satisfied with the mobile health technology and expressed that they would use it, and found the measured values reliable. For 57 (95%) diabetes patients<br>measuring, checking and accessing the blood glucose level easily anytime and anywhere were very important. Fifty six (93.3%) said that they would wish to send their blood glucose levels to their physicians via e-mail. When participants were asked to provide a decision on future health care, predominate number of participants said they would change their lifestyle rather than visit a doctor regardless of their blood glucose level. In conclusion, little is known about such effects of mobile information and communications technologies in self-management care situations. It is clear that usability studies in the field are more difficult to conduct than laboratory evaluations. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further evaluate these initial findings.
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Sood, Radhika. "Comparative Data Analytic Approach for Detection of Diabetes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1544100930937728.
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Oberholzer, Ian Dewald. "Peroral and nasal delivery of insulin with PheroidTM technology / Ian D. Oberholzer." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4964.
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Since its initial discovery in 1922 by Banting and Best, the formulation of an oral insulin delivery system has ever been so troublesome. Unfortunately, insulin is indispensable in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. Various factors contribute to the peptide being such a persistently difficult hormone to be used in an oral formulation. The gastrointestinal tract is home to various protein digestive enzymes such as pepsins in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidases in the small intestine, which digests insulin. Also the physical barrier of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. the columnar epithelial layer which lines the tract, is a tightly bound collection of cells with minimal leakage and is thus a sound barrier for the
absorption of peptides and hormones. The aim of this study is to determine whether a dosage form for insulin, entrapped in Pheroid™ vesicles and -micro sponges, can overcome these barriers and successfully deliver insulin at the site of action resulting in a significant therapeutic response.
Initial phases of the study consisted of the manufacturing of Pheroid™ vesicles and -
microsponges, entrapment of flourescein-isothiocyanate labelled insulin (FITC-insulin)
into the Pheroid™. The Pheroid™-insulin complex was analysed with confocal laser
scanning microscopy (CLSC) to determine drug loading. In vivo experiment in Sprague -
Dawley rats were done where blood glucose levels as well as insulin blood levels were
monitored after administration of different Pheroid insulin formulations. Firstly a
standard reference was set by subcutaneous injection of insulin (0.5 IU/kg) in rats
followed by a comparative study where administration to the stomach, colon and ileum
(50.0 IUlkg insulin) were compared by means of blood insulin levels and therapeutic
effect between the control and Pheroid™ complexes (Pheroid™ vesicles and microsponges).
Each study was done by means of direct injection into the stomach, ileum or
colon through which the insulin in saline (control) or insulin-Pheroid™ complex was
administered. Nasal administration of 8.0 and 12.0 IU/kg insulin in saline (control) or
insulin-Pheroid™ complex was done in the right nostril of Sprague - Dawley rats. Blood
samples were taken from the artery carotis communis by means of an inserted cannula.
Blood samples were taken just before administration and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120
and 180 minutes after administration. Blood glucose levels were measured just after
every blood sample was taken and plasma insulin levels were determined with a human
insulin specific radioimmunoassay. The results were compared to the reference as well
as the control to determine relative bioavailability.
Through the results obtained it was discovered that in comparison with the various parts
of the or tract, the ileum showed undoubtedly to be the best area of absorption where
Pheroid™ vesicles revealed a peak 42.0 % lowering in blood glucose levels after 60
minutes and a peak plasma concentration of 244.0 /uID/ml after 5 minutes together with
an 18.7 % lowering in blood glucose levels after just 5 minutes. After nasal
administration of Pheroid™ microsponges (8.0 ID/kg insulin) a remarkable lowered
blood glucose level of 19.2 % after 10 minutes and 36.5 % after 30 minutes as well as a
peak plasma insulin level of220.2 /lID/ml after 3 hours was observed. Insulin entrapped
in Pheroid™ microsponges administered at 12.0 ID/kg showed a maximum blood
glucose lowering effect of72.4 % after 3 hours with a peak plasma level of 154.8 uID/ml
also after 3 hours, thus showing a long acting effect.
In conclusion, the delivery system based on Pheroid™ technology shows a sufficient
therapeutic effect for insulin and is therefore promising for further in vivo evaluation and
ultimately for medicinal use to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Dahlgren, Andreas. "Analysis of Complex Genetic Traits in Population Cohorts using High-throughput Genotyping Technology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8291.
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Gutenberg, Emma, and Emma Widell. "Modern diabetesteknik - Vän eller fiende? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om diabetessjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetet med diabetesteknik i vården av vuxna patienter med typ 1 diabetes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417001.
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Bakgrund: Användandet av modern diabetesteknik ökar ständigt. De diabetestekniska produkterna utvecklas fortgående med nya funktioner som möjliggör individanpassning och stärker egenvården. I utländska studier beskrevs en stress över diabetestekniken hos vårdpersonal som arbetade med patienter med diabetes på grund av bristande rutiner och hög arbetsbelastning. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur diabetessjuksköterskor i Sverige upplevde arbetet med modern diabetesteknik i vården av vuxna patienter med typ 1 diabetes. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats, semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med elva diabetessjuksköterskor som arbetade med vuxna patienter diagnostiserade med typ 1 diabetes. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades ordagrant och analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I analysen framkom tolv underkategorier och tre huvudkategorier: Patienten och tekniken, Diabetessjuksköterskan och tekniken, Organisationen. Diabetestekniken sågs som en tillgång för patienternas egenvård men krävde individanpassning och ansvarstagande från patientens sida. Den fungerade som ett pedagogiskt verktyg för diabetessjuksköterskorna samtidigt som den skapade hög arbetsbelastning. Diabetessjuksköterskan var den diabetestekniska experten i teamet. I arbetet med diabetestekniken var det betydelsefullt med kollegialt stöd och en fungerande fysisk arbetsmiljö. Slutsats: Användningen av modern diabetesteknik gynnar patienterna och diabetesvården. Diabetestekniken både underlättar och är en utmaning för diabetessjuksköterskor i Sverige.
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Lind, Jenny, Niclas Hedlund, and Jeanette Löfberg. "The insulin pump for you(th)." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-551.
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<p>Detta projekt är ett examensarbete på 15 poäng inom Innovations och Designingenjörsprogrammet på Karlstads Universitet, utfört under våren 2006.</p><p>Målsättningen med projektet var att hitta en form på insulinpumpen som tilltalar unga användare och dessutom minskar känslan av medicinskt hjälpmedel. Vi bestämde oss för att ge den ett utseende som mer liknar annan teknisk utrustning som finns på markanden idag. Detta som en väg att försöka höja ungdomars motivering till att övervaka och behandla sin diabetes.</p><p>Vid intervjuerna framkom det att många unga hade problem med bärandet av pumpen. Dagens pump upplevs för stor och klumpig eftersom de ofta vill gömma den i/under kläderna. Som ett resultat av denna information så valde vi att dela pumpen i två mindre enheter. Pumpenheten, som är kopplad till kroppen, kan liknas vid en MP3-spelare, och fjärrkontrollen, som innehåller den mesta intelligensen, både ser ut som och fungerar som en armbandsklocka.</p><p>Klockan har också inbyggd kontinuerlig övervakning av blodsockervärdet utan stick. Vilket var ett av de vikigaste önskemålen från användarna.</p><p>Med detta koncept kan ungdomarna välja om de vill dölja pumpen, eftersom den är så pass liten, eller om de vill ha den synlig, eftersom den ser ut som annan teknisk utrustning som bärs på kroppen.</p><br><p>This project is an examination project for 15 points at the Innovation and design engineering program, carried out at Karlstad University during spring 2006.</p><p>The purpose of this project is to find a shape that addresses young people and to minimize the medical aid stamp of the pump. We decided to give the pump an appearance more similar to other electronic devices on the market today in order to increase the motivation of treating and monitoring your diabetes.</p><p>During the interviews we found out that, youngsters hade problems related to the pump carrying. The pump of today is a bit too big and clumsy for young people who often want to hide it. As a result of this information we divided the pump into two smaller units. The pump unit that is connected to the body looks a bit like an MP3 player, and the remote control, where the intelligence lies, both looks and works like a watch.</p><p>The remote also has integrated glucose monitoring that is non-invasive. This was one of the top priorities on the wish list of the users.</p><p>With this concept the youngsters can choose whether they want to hide it, since it is small enough to hide in the pocket, or to show it off for their friends, as it could pass for a portable device.</p>
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Eller, James D. "Correlation of electronic health records use and reduced prevalence of diabetes co-morbidities." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3570767.
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<p>The general problem is Native American tribes have high prevalence rates of diabetes. The specific problem is the failure of IHS sites to adopt EHR may cause health care providers to miss critical opportunities to improve screening and triage processes that result in quality improvement. The purpose of the quantitative correlational study was to explore a possible correlation between electronic health record use and reductions in diabetes co-morbidities. The study involved examining over 10 years of ex post facto data, with over one million patient encounters, from the Resource and Patient Management System database. Electronic health records containing key components such as clinical decision support with clinical reminders, evidence-based guidelines, template-driven protocols, and algorithmic modeling changes clinical provider behavior resulting in quality improvement. The study identifies the theoretical constructs from over 50 years of literature that converge to support quality improvement using electronic health records. Quality improvement theory and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology were examined to explore relationships between process changes and behavioral modification. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between total blood pressure control screenings and the diagnosis of hypertension for fiscal years 2005 – 2009 <i>r</i>(4) = .947, <i>p</i> = .007. A significant positive correlation also existed between blood pressure control screenings with values >130/80 and diagnosis of hypertension for fiscal years 2005 – 2009 <i>r</i>(4) = .909, <i>p</i> = .016. The study concludes with a rejection of the posited null hypotheses, revealing a statistically significant correlation between use of a comprehensive electronic health record and health care quality improvement. </p>
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Jacobs, Miriam. "The role of culture in mobile application adoption amongst diabetes patients in previously disadvantaged communities in the Western Cape." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8147.
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Magister Commercii - MCom<br>Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem with a high mortality rate. Self-management is an essential part of diabetes management and it includes self-care behaviour tasks such as healthy eating, being active and taking prescribed medication. In the current digital age, the use of technology for self- management of the disease is an important consideration. As a first step towards this, individuals have to first accept and use the technology. However, the literature indicates low levels of technology use amongst diabetic patients in environments with low socio- economic indicators and amongst minority groups. Previous studies suggest that there are many factors that influence technology acceptance such as economic, social and cultural factors.
Mobile health (m-health) received recognition in healthcare literature in recent years and are known for delivering effective and efficient interventions to patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes. An investigation into m-health acceptance for diabetes management is vital as it impacts the achievement of development goals, including the United Nations’ SDG 3. This research posits that the culture of patients is a possible reason for the low acceptance and use of technology. Research based on the proliferation of culture as a determinant for diabetes self-management at an individual level is limited, especially in the South African context. The main research question pursued in the study reported in this thesis is How does culture influence m-health acceptance of diabetic patients in disadvantaged communities?
Research design and methodology: Using an interpretivist paradigm, a case study research design provided the basis to collect data from 20 diabetes patients in Mitchells Plain and Strandfontein. The theoretical model that was used as a lens for investigation comprised a juxtaposition of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Unified- Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). The analysis of the qualitative data was undertaken with Atlas Ti, using a thematic content analysis process.
Results: Eight themes emerged from the data and key results of the study indicate that opinions towards medical practitioners, which reflects power distance has a positive impact on users and non-users. Diabetic patients comply with the opinions of their doctors as they fear disagreeing with them. As such, this may result in having a positive influence on a participant’s ability to adopt and use mobile applications. Caregiver influence, which reflects femininity, has a negative influence on users as a result of diabetic patients being responsible for taking care of their family and others are both home carers and providers for their families. This indicates that patients are more concerned with the quality of their life and family than with the adoption mobile applications.
Future work: It is recommended that research should be conducted in other areas in the Western Cape, specifically in the Cape flats to see whether the same sorts of results will be achieved in different communities. This could help policymakers and application developers tailor mobile applications for this target population.
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Ferreira, Ana Cláudia Barbosa Honório. "Risco para desenvolver o pé diabético utilizando redes neurais artificiais: uma tecnologia para o cuidado de enfermagem." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/833.
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-12<br>Introdução: O diabetes mellitus é uma doença metabólica caracterizada pela hiperglicemia
e, em geral, surge associado a outras doenças como a hipertensão arterial. É uma doença
crônica e o número de portadores está aumentando consideravelmente. Se não tratado e
acompanhado adequadamente podem surgir diversas complicações, dentre elas se destaca
o pé diabético, uma das mais temíveis complicações da doença. A demora no tratamento e
acompanhamento do pé diabético pode levar a sérias complicações e até mesmo à
amputação. Esta pesquisa justifica-se à medida que, no cotidiano do trabalho do
enfermeiro, na atenção primária à saúde, inúmeras são as demandas que este profissional
precisa enfrentar e, na maioria das vezes, ele fica impossibilitado de acompanhar,
diretamente, a história do portador de DM e possíveis complicações que ele possa vir a
desenvolver. O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa consistiu na “elaboração de uma
classificação de risco de um portador de diabetes mellitus desenvolver pé diabético como
uma tecnologia para o cuidado de enfermagem”. Objetivos: classificar o risco para o
desenvolvimento do pé diabético em portadores de diabetes mellitus para o cuidado de
enfermagem, utilizando Rede Neural Artificial (RNA) e identificar os principais fatores de
risco para o desenvolvimento do Pé Diabético utilizando Rede Neural Artificial (RNA).
Delineamento metodológico: estudo quantitativo, realizado em uma Associação de
Diabéticos do município de Juiz de Fora, MG. A população estudada foram 250 pacientes
portadores de diabetes mellitus. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um
questionário adaptado, de acordo com as diretrizes propostas pelo Grupo Internacional
sobre o Pé Diabético (2001) e o Ministério da Saúde (2006). A coleta de dados ocorreu no
período de setembro a dezembro de 2013. Os dados foram codificados e normalizados em
certa escala numérica (-1 a 1). Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o software Matlab,
onde uma Rede Neural Artificial (RNA) foi criada para a classificação do risco de
desenvolver o pé diabético, baseada nas variáveis do questionário respondido pelos
participantes. Após a classificação, foram analisadas as principais variáveis quanto à
discriminação na separação dos 2 grupos. Resultados e discussão: foi realizada uma
análise estatística dos dados onde foram encontrados percentuais das respostas dos
participantes: 55,6% eram mulheres; 49,6% tinham 61 anos de idade ou mais; 52,8% eram
casados ou viviam com o(a) parceiro(a). Quanto à escolaridade, 34,4% não estudaram ou
possuíam menos de três anos de escolaridade; 58,4% tinham renda mensal de 500,00 a
1000,00 reais. Em relação ao tempo de diagnóstico da doença, 34,8% possuíam de 11 a 20
anos de diagnóstico; 72,4% estavam com o valor da última glicemia alterado; 72%
encontravam-se acima do peso ou obesos. Entre 95,2% dos participantes, a diabetes era do
tipo 2; 59,6% eram aposentados; 78% faziam controle da alimentação e 64% não
praticavam atividade física; 59% nunca andavam descalços e 45% usavam algum
medicamento nos pés quando percebiam alterações; 74,4% eram hipertensos e 17,6%
tinham ou já tiveram ferida nos pés. A RNA criada encontrou dois grupos de risco e para a
definição destes foram utilizadas as principais características de risco para desenvolver o pé
diabético, sendo encontrados 40,8% dos participantes no grupo de alto risco de desenvolver
o pé diabético e 59,2% no grupo de baixo risco. As variáveis mais discriminantes, na
formação dos grupos de risco, que foram selecionadas pela RNA foram: perda de
sensibilidade, sensação de formigamento, de dormência, de queimação, de choque em
pernas e/ou pés, dor, sensação de pontada em pernas e/ou pés, e pés quentes e
VII
avermelhados. As variáveis menos discriminantes foram as que representavam,
respectivamente, as características: tipo de diabetes, controle da alimentação, hábito de fumar,
hipertensão arterial, doença vascular periférica, hábito de lavar os pés, aspecto interno do calçado e
presença de amputação.<br>Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and,
in general, it appears in association to other diseases such as arterial hypertension. It is a
chronic disease and the number of bearers is considerably increasing. If not adequately
treated and accompanied, many complications might arise, among which the diabetic foot is
highlighted, being one of the most fearsome complications of the disease, which affects the
inferior members. The delay in treating and accompanying the diabetic foot might lead to
serious complications and even to amputation. This research is justified since, in the daily
work of the nurse, in primary health care, there are several demands this professional must
face and, most times, he is unable to accompany, directly, the history of the DM bearer and
possible complications he might come to develop. The objective of this study consisted in
the “elaboration of a risk classification of a diabetes mellitus bearer developing the diabetic
foot as a technology for nursing care”. Objective: Classify the risk for the development of
the diabetic foot in diabetes mellitus bearers for nursing care, using the artificial neural
network (ANN) and identify the main risk factors for the development of the diabetic foot
using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Methodological design: Quantitative study,
performed in a Diabetic Association of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The
studied population were 250 patients, bearers of diabetes mellitus. The data-sampling
instrument used was an adapted questionnaire, in accordance to the guidelines proposed by
the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (2001) and the Ministério da Saúde
(2006). The data sampling occurred in the period from September to December of 2013. The
data were codified and normalized in a certain numeric scale (-1 to 1). For the data analysis
the Matlab software was used, in which an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was created to
classify the risk of developing the diabetic foot, based on the variables of the questionnaire
answered by the participants. After the classification, the main variables were analyzed
regarding the discrimination in the separation of the two groups. Results and discussion: A
statistical analysis of the data was performed in which were found percentages of the
responses: 55.6% were women; 49.6% had 61 years of age or over; 52.8% were married or
lived with a partner. Regarding education, 34.4% did not study or presented less than three
years of schooling; 58.4% had monthly income of 500.00 to 1000.00 reais. Regarding the
time of diagnosis of the disease, 34.8% presented from 11 to 20 years of diagnosis; 72.4%
had the latest blood glucose value altered; 72% were above weight of obese. Among 95,2%
of the participants, the diabetes was of type 2; 59.6% were retired; 78% controlled
alimentation and 64% did not practice physical activity; 59% never walked barefoot and 45%
use medication on their feet when they perceive alterations; 74.4% were hypertensive and
17.6% have or have already had wound on their feet. The ANN created found two risk
groups and for the definition of the groups, the main risk characteristics in developing the
diabetic foot were used, finding 40.8% of the participants in the high risk group of developing
diabetic foot and 59.2% in the low risk group. The most discriminant variables in the
formation of the risk groups, selected by the ANN were: sensitivity loss, tingling sensation,
numbness, burning, shock in the legs and/or feet, pain, stabbing pain in the legs and/or feet,
and hot and reddish feet. The least discriminant variables were those that represent,
respectively, the characteristics: diabetes type, alimentation control, smoking habit, arterial
hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, habit of washing the feet, internal aspect of the
shoe and presence of amputation.
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Lin, Hsiao-Lan Sharon. "Changes in the characteristics of new drug applications for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38580.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-102).<br>Efforts in managing diabetes, including the medical advances in novel therapies and public health policies of disease control and prevention, have not reduced the disease prevalence since 1990s. I analyze this phenomenon from the technology and policy viewpoints underlying diabetes treatment and prevention, in order to control and manage the disease in a cost-benefit balanced manner. The innovative performance of the antidiabetic drug therapy is investigated by analyzing the fifteen New Drug Applications (NDAs) of the antidiabetics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since the early 1990s. I examine the characteristics of the clinical trials supporting NDAs and observe how the complexity of clinical trials has changed over time. Nine out of the twenty-five selected indicators are found to exhibit an increasing trend of complexity. The trend is more pronounced in the oral antiglycemics group (seven indicators) than the subcutaneous group (two indicators). Interestingly, this trend in increasing complexity in clinical trials is generally consistent with that of the increasing R&D costs in the pharmaceutical industry, possibly account for the declining innovative performance of the industry over the time period under investigation. A system dynamics approach is applied to assess current public health policies in diabetes control and prevention.<br>(cont.) The benefit of system thinking is to avoid potential policy resistance by identifying the problematic characteristics of the system, such as time-delays, feedback, and structure of stocks and flows. For diabetes management, the public health system can be considered a "dynamic-complex" system in terms of current policy made by the National Diabetes Control and Prevention Program. Despite providing earlier and expanded screening as well as improved availability and accessibility of treatment for diabetes, the policy results in the increase of prevalence. More undiagnosed people are diagnosed, thus increasing the incidence, whereas people already diagnosed prolong their lifespan due to the better and more accessible medical care. A future successful chronic disease management program should systematically integrate the efforts from both the treatment and prevention perspectives.<br>by Hsiao-Lan Sharon Lin.<br>S.M.
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Sennett, Cary. "Why hospital admissions have declined : technologic change and changing patterns of care for cataract and diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13601.
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Mohan, Akshay 1979. "Health technology : design of bandage-sized wireless sensors and effect of ambient displays on social support and diabetes management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28769.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-100).<br>Health-Zero refers to health technology design that focus on interaction with an individual as a whole to promote well-being. This thesis presents two explorations in the discipline. The first exploration involves the design of a wireless bandage-sized ECG sensor to create a personal and interpersonal network of health sensors. The second exploration designs and evaluates an ambient blood glucose level visualization and feedback system for diabetes self-care and social support, where the latter is provided by a friend or family member of an individual with diabetes. This thesis provides insight into using technology to enable an individual to leverage his environment and inter-personal relationships for self-care and prevention.<br>by Akshay Mohan.<br>S.M.
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Cunningham, Scott. "My diabetes my way : an electronic personal health record for NHS Scotland." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/24b55130-8e8a-4316-8681-b9f4d8513631.
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Background: Diabetes prevalence in Scotland is increasing at ~4.6% annually; 247,278 (4.7%) in 2011. My Diabetes My Way (MDMW) is the NHS Scotland information portal, containing validated educational materials for people with diabetes and their carers. Internet-based interventions have potential to enhance self-management and shift power towards the patient, with electronic personal health records (PHRs) identified as an ideal method of delivery. In December 2010, a new service was launched in MDMW, allowing patients across Scotland access to their shared electronic record. The following thesis aims to identify and quantify the benefits of a diabetes-focused electronic personal health record within NHS Scotland. Methods: A diabetes-focused, population-based PHR was developed based on data sourced from primary, secondary and tertiary care via the national diabetes system, Scottish Care Information - Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC). The system includes key diagnostic information; demography; laboratory tests; lifestyle factors, foot and eye screening results; prescribed medication and clinical correspondence. Changes are tracked by patients over time using history graphs and tables, data items link to detailed descriptions explaining why they are collected, what they are used for and what normal values are, while tailored information links refer individuals to facts related to their condition. A series of quasi-experimental studies have been designed to assess the intervention using subjectivist, mixed-methods approaches incorporating multivariate analysis and grounded theory. These studies assess patient expectations and experiences of records access, system usage and uptake and provide preliminary analysis on the impact on clinical process outcomes. Survey questionnaires were used to capture qualitative data, while quantitative data were obtained from system audit trails and from the analysis of clinical process outcomes before and after the intervention. Results: By the end of the second year, 2601 individuals registered to access their data (61% male; 30.4% with type 1 diabetes); 1297 completed the enrolment process and 625 accessed the system (most logins=346; total logins=5158; average=8.3/patient; median=3). Audit trails show 59599 page views (95/patient), laboratory test results proving the most popular (11818 accesses;19/patient). The most utilised history graph was HbA1c (2866 accesses;4.6/patient). Users are younger, more recently diagnosed and have a heavy bias towards type 1 diabetes when compared to the background population. They are also likely to be a more highly motivated ‘early adopting’ cohort. Further analysis was performed to compare pre- and post-intervention clinical outcomes after the system had been active for nearly two and a half years. Results of statistical significance were not forthcoming due to limited data availability, however there are grounds for encouragement. Creatinine tests in particular improved following 1 year of use, with type 1 females in particular faring better than those in patient other groups. For other clinical tests such as HbA1c, triglycerides, weight and body mass index improvements were shown in mean and/or median values.96% of users believe the system is usable. Users also stated that it useful to monitor diabetes control (93%), improve knowledge (89%) and enhance motivation (89%). Findings show that newly diagnosed patients may be more likely to learn more about their new condition, leading to more productive consultations with the clinical team (98%). In the pre-project analysis, 26% of registrants expressed concerns about the security of personal information online, although those who actually went on to use it reported 100% satisfaction that their data were safe. Engagement remains high. In the final month of year two, 44.6% of users logged in to the system. 55.3% of users had logged in within the previous 3 months, 78.9% within the previous 6 months and 91.4% within the previous year. Some legacy PHRs have failed due to lack of uptake and deficiencies in usability, so as new systems progress, it is essential not to repeat the mistakes of the past. Feedback: "It is great to be able to view all of my results so that I can be more in charge of my diabetes".Conclusion: The MDMW PHR is now a useful additional component for the self-management of diabetes in Scotland. Although there are other patient access systems available internationally, this system is unique in offering access to an entire national population, providing access to information collected from all diabetes-related sources. Despite its development for the NHS Scotland environment, it has the potential to connect to any electronic medical record. This local and domain-specific knowledge has much wider applicability as outlined in the recommendations detailed, particularly around health service and voluntary sector ownership, patient involvement, administrative processes, research activities and communication. The current project will reach 5000 patients by the end of 2013.
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Jones, Peter Anthony S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The Disque Platform for the investigation of islet differentiation to study, treat, and cure Type 1 Diabetes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111321.
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Thesis: S.M. in the Concentration of Mechanical Engineering, Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 28-31).<br>There is a critical health care need to generate large numbers of beta cells for transplantation. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas, which support glucose homeostasis, are destroyed in an autoimmune attack. The ensuing loss of glycemic control leads to serious complications, requiring life-long insulin injections and close monitoring, while shortening lifespan by 11-13 years. In the face of a three percent annual increase in T1D incidence, there is a grave lack of transplantable material, and very few patients are able to receive an islet transplant each year. Recent advances in stem cell differentiation have enabled the production of large quantities of insulin-producing beta-like cells in vitro, bringing hope to the field. However, the efficiency and yield of such production methods remains unacceptably low, with high batch-to-batch variability, and the function of these cells is unstable. Moreover, the ability to probe the conditions that affect differentiation outcomes is limited by the scale, cost, and complexity of existing culture systems. The present work focuses on the Disque Platform, a biomimetic screening platform for the investigation of islet cell differentiation. The Disque Platform allows for the formation of differentiating 3D micro-tissues within an automation-friendly design, and is capable of systematically manipulating the developing stem cell niche in order to identify chemical and physical cues that enhance beta cell production. Significantly, the Disque Platform consistently differentiates beta-like cells from pancreatic progenitor cells, with similar efficacy to existing high-volume production methods. Furthermore, it achieves superior differentiation outcomes compared to the 2D culture systems tested, and is able to respond to interventions when conventional systems cannot produce a clear signal or readout. Together, these data support the ability of the Disque Platform to investigate specific interventions to enhance beta-cell differentiation. It is hoped that the Disque Platform can serve as a springboard for beta cell and islet study within the diabetes community, and that these advances can contribute towards a cure for Type 1 Diabetes.<br>by Peter Anthony Jones.<br>S.M. in the Concentration of Mechanical Engineering
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Seip, Starr Michelle. "Association Between Type of Diabetes Education and Health Status, Limitations, and Healthcare." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5777.
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Diabetes is an epidemic that has started to capture political attention in the United States because of the devastating health care costs associated with the disease. Researchers in other studies have concluded that additional education face-to-face (FTF) and FTF with alternative forms of diabetes communication (FTF plus) have been beneficial. However, there is very little information on the comparison of the two groups as mentioned above when comparing chronic limitations, self-perception, health status, and healthcare satisfaction as circumscribed by specific demographic population. This study was an investigation of the above variables and explored how specific demographic characteristics (age, gender, educational level, and race/ethnic background) may have an identifiable association with each diabetes education type, either FTF or FTF plus. This research involved the use of the social cognitive theory and the health belief model to help explain self-care behavior changes. This quantitative, cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey for analysis. A simple linear regression was used to understand health status and healthcare satisfaction. A logistical regression was used for chronic limitations, while controlling for demographics for all the variables. The study revealed FTF plus had an association with chronic limitations with race and education level, but age was not significant. After controlling for demographics, a person who has FTF plus has decreased odds of having chronic limitations, in comparison to someone who receives only FTF. The results from this study may aid formulation of future healthcare policies that focus on how to refer patients to multiple forums of diabetes education, while reducing healthcare costs.
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Mikulski, Heather Ann. "Utilizing Connected Health Applications in Diabetes Care: Implications for Public Health and Policy in the U.S." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619799550674987.
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Alemán, José O. (José Orlando). "Gluconeogenesis as a system : development of in vivo flux analysis of hepatic glucose production in Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43743.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2008.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-300).<br>Metabolic diseases are an increasing health concern in the developed world. Type 2 Diabetes, (T2D) affects over 100 million people worldwide and significantly contributes to chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and kidney failure. This condition is characterized by deregulation of glucose homeostasis through the development of insulin resistance, manifested as increased glucose production in the liver. Hepatic gluconeogenesis provides de novo formation of glucose from three carbon precursors such as glycerol, lactate, pyruvate and alanine. The upregulation of this pathway underlies the persistent hyperglycemia observed in diabetic patients. We have developed stable isotope tracer methods to reconstruct hepatic glucose production fluxes by infusion of [13C, 2H]-glycerol and mass spectrometry analysis of plasma metabolites. Using this methodology we observe physiologic changes in liver cell lines and primary hepatocyte cultures in the presence of hormones insulin/glucagon and in response to gluconeogenic precursor availability. We put forth the hypothesis that in the presence of glycerol as a gluconeogenic substrate, glucose-6-phosphatase has an important role in modulating metabolic flux through upper gluconeogenesis. Infusion of simultaneous tracer combinations in vivo including a novel [U-13C,2H5]-glycerol allow detailed net flux and reversibility reconstruction of upper gluconeogenesis to an unprecedented degree in a single experiment. We deployed the developed methods to probe glucose overproduction in the liver insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) transgenic model of Type 2 Diabetes, and found unexpected similarities in the metabolic flux profile not observed by genomic, protein or metabolite measurements.<br>(cont.) Our results underscore the importance of flux measurement as a physiologic parameter akin to gene and protein expression in revealing the metabolic phenotype of cells, tissues and organisms. These methods have the potential to contribute as clinical assays to characterize excess glucose production as well as in drug development for new targets to control hepatic glucose production.<br>by José O. Alemán.<br>Ph.D.
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Kola, Lokesh, and Vigneshwar Muriki. "A Comparison on Supervised and Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers for Diabetes Prediction." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21816.
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Background: The main cause of diabetes is due to high sugar levels in the blood. There is no permanent cure for diabetes. However, it can be prevented by early diagnosis. In recent years, the hype for Machine Learning is increasing in disease prediction especially during COVID-19 times. In the present scenario, it is difficult for patients to visit doctors. A possible framework is provided using Machine Learning which can detect diabetes at early stages. Objectives: This thesis aims to identify the critical features that impact gestational (Type-3) diabetes and experiments are performed to identify the efficient algorithm for Type-3 diabetes prediction. The selected algorithms are Decision Trees, RandomForest, Support Vector Machine, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Bernoulli Naive Bayes, Laplacian Support Vector Machine. The algorithms are compared based on the performance. Methods: The method consists of gathering the dataset and preprocessing the data. SelectKBestunivariate feature selection was performed for selecting the important features, which influence the Type-3 diabetes prediction. A new dataset was created by binning some of the important features from the original dataset, leading to two datasets, non-binned and binned datasets. The original dataset was imbalanced due to the unequal distribution of class labels. The train-test split was performed on both datasets. Therefore, the oversampling technique was performed on both training datasets to overcome the imbalance nature. The selected Machine Learning algorithms were trained. Predictions were made on the test data. Hyperparameter tuning was performed on all algorithms to improve the performance. Predictions were made again on the test data and accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score were measured on both binned and non-binned datasets. Results: Among selected Machine Learning algorithms, Laplacian Support Vector Machineattained higher performance with 89.61% and 86.93% on non-binned and binned datasets respectively. Hence, it is an efficient algorithm for Type-3 diabetes prediction. The second best algorithm is Random Forest with 74.5% and 72.72% on non-binned and binned datasets. The non-binned dataset performed well for the majority of selected algorithms. Conclusions: Laplacian Support Vector Machine scored high performance among the other algorithms on both binned and non-binned datasets. The non-binned dataset showed the best performance in almost all Machine Learning algorithms except Bernoulli naive Bayes. Therefore, the non-binned dataset is more suitable for the Type-3 diabetes prediction.
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Mngeni, Nasipi Zamanala. "Bioactive compounds from selected medicinal plants used in antidiabetic treatment." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2665.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>The continued use and popularity of plant-based traditional medicine demands scientific validation of the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plants used in disease management and treatment. These medicinal plants are to be evaluated for phytochemical constituents and pharmacologically screened for their bioactivity and include the isolation and identification of their bioactive compounds. The diabetes tea and its eight individual plants constituents were collected from Sing Fefur Herbs in McGregor, Western Cape. The plant material was ground to a fine powder form using a milling machine. The powdered plant material was sequentially extracted with hexane, 1:1 DCM, DCM:MeOH, MeOH and water.
The antioxidant activity of the tea and its plants was evaluated with comparison to the antioxidant activity of brewed rooibos tea in literature. The concentration of antioxidants in the plants and the tea were found to be significantly high. The ORAC assay results of the water extracts were significantly higher than that of rooibos tea in all plants. Salvia africana-caerulea water extract ORAC results were 14147.10±1.02 μmol TE/g and this is 10 times better than the brewed rooibos tea results of 1402±44.1 μmol TE/g. The alpha-amylase enzyme inhibition assay showed no significant results while the alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays showed significant results in some of the extracts. The highest inhibitory activity towards alpha-glucosidase was found in the Urtica urens hexane extract and the Thymus vulgaris hexane extract (69.66% and 68.43%, respectively). This observation suggests that alpha-glucosidase enzyme is inhibited mostly by the less polar or medium polarity chemical components of the plant extracts.
The crude plant extracts that showed significant activity in the antidiabetic bioassays were further subjected to cytotoxicity assay to ascertain the safety of extracts. The T. vulgaris DCM extract, Salvia officinalis DCM extract and Salvia officinalis hexane extract showed a cell growth inhibition of 54.91%, 62.14% and 63.87% at 100 μg/ml, respectively. The Salvia africana-caerulea DCM extract showed a cell growth inhibition of 59.10% at 50 μg/ml and 62.14% at 100 μg/ml. In the cytotoxicity analysis Salvia africana-caerulea DCM extract is the only extract that showed cell viability below 50% for both concentrations. Phytochemical screening of selected methanolic and aqueous extracts of the diabetes tea and the Salvia africana-caerulea showed the presence of alkaloids, sugars, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins & amino acids, phenolics & tannins and saponins.
Furthermore isolation, purification and analysis of two Salvia africana-caerulea crude extracts (DCM and DCM:MeOH) were done in order to try and obtain pure compounds. The compound characterization was done through the use of chromatographic techniques. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), flash chromatography and column chromatography resulted in the generation of 29 fractions. Spectroscopic techniques utilized for chemical structural elucidation for compounds of interest included Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Of all the fractions generated, DM 23 was the purest and its structural elucidation was attempted.
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Ferreira, Jane Suelen Silva Pires. "Tecnologia de reabilitação no cuidado do diabetes mellitus: desenvolvimento e validação de um software que personaliza a evolução de exercícios para pés e tornozelos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-14082018-094305/.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar o conteúdo de um software livre e de fácil utilização que personaliza uma rotina de exercícios para pés e tornozelos, segundo as capacidades físicas individuais, para pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus. Foi criado um software de orientação ao pé diabético (SOPED) em suas versões web software e aplicativo, nas linguagens HTML, Javascript e PHP, e baseado nos princípios da gamificação. Para a criação deste software foram considerados três pilares principais: a) recomendações de cuidados com os pés e informações sobre o diabetes; b) autoavaliação dos pés segundo as principais ocorrências do pé diabético (calos, rachaduras, deformidades, lesões teciduais); e c) exercícios para pés e tornozelos para fortalecimento muscular, ganho de amplitude de movimento e melhora da funcionalidade. Cada exercício foi definido com uma média de 8 níveis de dificuldade progressiva, que difere no número de séries e repetições, posições do corpo e materiais utilizados. A progressão individual determinada foi baseada em um algoritmo que ajusta o volume do treinamento a partir da avaliação de esforço percebida e executada pelo próprio paciente por meio de uma escala visual analógica no qual é possível manter, progredir ou retornar no nível dos exercícios. Após elaboração do protocolo de exercícios a compor a ferramenta, bem como todo o seu conteúdo, deu-se origem à versão protótipo do software, que foi submetido a um processo de validação para torna-lo válido e confiável. A Validação foi empregada por meio da técnica Delphi que consiste em obter sugestões e aprovação de experts, neste caso de profissionais especialistas no atendimento a pessoas com diabetes (equipe multiprofissional, n=9), e simultaneamente, de usuários com diabetes (n=20). A análise de dados ocorreu por estatística descritiva simples, através de frequências absoluta e relativa, média, desvio padrão, teste binomial e índice de validade de conteúdo. Na primeira etapa, especialistas e usuários avaliaram a adequação do conteúdo e a clareza das informações da versão protótipo do software, segundo uma escala Likert, obtendo uma média de 89,7% de aprovação pelos especialistas e 90,3% pelas pessoas com diabetes. A segunda etapa consistiu na aprovação ou não das modificações feitas na 2ª versão do software, de acordo com as sugestões advindas da primeira etapa. Uma aprovação mínima de 70% foi estabelecida para a validação da versão final do software. Obtivemos, na segunda etapa, uma média de 97% de aprovação pelo júri de pessoas com diabetes e uma média de 100% de aprovação pelo júri constituído por profissionais da saúde, desta forma não foram necessárias etapas posteriores. Destarte, as conclusões apontam que o SOPED foi desenvolvido a partir de uma alta concordância entre especialistas e usuários. Pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz para facilitar o automonitoramento e autocuidado, além de conter exercícios específicos assemelhando-se a uma terapia convencional. Ele auxilia na independência do cuidado de prevenção e tratamento, e tem o principal benefício de progredir de acordo com as possibilidades do próprio paciente, que é uma situação mais próxima de uma terapia supervisionada. O software é gratuito e tem potencial para ser inserido no sistema de saúde pública, especialmente para os serviços que estão voltados para a atenção primária e secundária como um tratamento complementar às complicações dos pés e tornozelos associadas ao Diabetes Mellitus<br>The aim of the study was to develop and validate the content of free and easy to use software that customizes an exercise routine for feet and ankles, according to individual physical abilities, for people with Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetic foot orientation software (SOPED) was created in its web and mobile versions in the HTML, Javascript and PHP languages, and based on gamification principles. For the creation of this software, three main pillars were considered: a) foot care recommendations and information about diabetes; b) self evaluation of the feet according to the main occurrences of the diabetic foot (calluses, cracks, deformities, tissue lesions); and c) exercises for feet and ankles for muscle strengthening, gain of range of motion and improvement of functionality. Each exercise was defined with an average of 8 levels of progressive difficulty, which differs in the number of sets and repetitions, body positions and materials used. The individual progression is based in an algorithm that adjusts the volume of the training according to an effort analogic scale. It allows to maintain, progress or return the level of the exercises. After elaborating the exercise protocol to compose the tool, as well as all its contents, a prototype version / first version of the software was created and was submitted to a validation process to make it valid and reliable. Validation was performed through the Delphi technique, which consists of obtaining suggestions and approval from experts, in this case, professionals specialized in the care of diabetics (multiprofessional team, n = 9), and simultaneously from users with diabetes (n = 20). Data analysis was performed by simple descriptive statistics, using absolute and relative frequencies, mean, binomial test and content validity index. In the first round, experts and users evaluated the adequacy of content and clarity of the information of the prototype version of the software, elaborated by the researchers, according to a Likert scale, obtaining an average of 89.7% approval by the specialists and 90.3% by the people with diabetes. The second round consisted of approving or not the changes made in the second version of the software, according to the suggestions from the first round. A minimum approval of 70% has been established for the validation of the final version of the software. We obtained, in the second round, an average of 97% approval by the jury of people with diabetes and an average of 100% approval by the jury constituted by health professionals, so no further rounds were necessary.Thus, the conclusions point out that SOPED was developed with a high agreement between health specialists and users. It can be an effective tool to facilitate self-monitoring and self-care, besides containing specific exercises resembling a conventional therapy. It assists in the independence of prevention and treatment, and has the main benefit of progressing according to the possibilities of each patient, which is a situation closer to a supervised therapy. The software is free and has potential to be inserted into the public health system, especially for primary and secondary health care services as a complementary treatment for the feet and ankles complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus
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Melo, Ingrid Almeida de. "Validação de um manual educativo como tecnologia de enfermagem para pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4993.
Full textAbstract:
With the shortage of printed educational manuals developed and validated by nursing focused
on guidelines for self-care activities with people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we chose to
develop a methodological development research that aimed to validate an educational manual
for People with type 2 diabetes mellitus as nursing technology. For that, the theoretical pole of
the theory of psychometry used in Pasquali's model was used. The research was carried out in
the diabetes mellitus outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of Sergipe and in the Center
of Medical Specialties of Aracaju (CEMAR). The study population consisted of two distinct
groups: the expert judges and the target audience. The group of expert judges was divided
between professionals in the area of Health and professionals in the areas of Exact (Graphic
Design) and Human (Social Communication). The group of health judges was composed of
health professionals, including doctors, nurses, nutritionists, physical educators and
psychologists, who were responsible for the validation of content and appearance. The second
group of judges was composed of professionals, from the area of exact as graphic design and
from the area of human as social media that performed only the validation of appearance. The
target group was formed by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who did the analysis of the
appearance. Data collection was done after approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the
Federal University of Sergipe. The instruments used in this research were three questionnaires,
one for the validation of content and two for the validation of appearance, all adapted from the
work of Oliveira (2006). A quantitative analysis of the data and variables of the study was
performed, as well as a descriptive analysis of the comments and suggestions given by the
judges and the target public. For the presentation of the quantitative data, tables were used, in
which the percentages and measures of central tendencies (mean, standard deviation, minimum,
median and maximum) of the variables were presented. This analysis was performed through
the answers to the questionnaire items applied to expert judges and the target audience. The
Content Validity Index (CVI), Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of the items and Percentage of
Agreement (PC) of the blocks were applied in the first and second evaluations. In the validation
of the appearance of the target audience, in the two evaluations, the PC> 80% with IVC's> 80%;
In the first evaluation, PC <80% and IVC <80% in 12 items, being disapproved by the judges,
then the items were analyzed and reformulated, in the second evaluation the PC > 80%, and all
items were validated; In the validation of content of the judges in the health area, in the first
evaluation presented a PC <80% and most of the items presented the CVIs> 80%, only eight
items were reformulated; In the second evaluation all the blocks were valid because they
presented a PC> 80% and the items validated because they presented the CVIs> 80% only three
items presented the CVIs <80%, but their p-value> 0.05. And in the validation of the health
judges' appearance, in the first evaluation there was a PC <80% in three blocks, with twenty-three items validated, only three items were not validated with CVI <80% and p-value < In the
second evaluation all blocks were validated, and the approved items, only item 5.5. Presented
an IVC <80% but p-value> 0.05. After reviewing the comments and suggestions, the
reformulations were made to adapt the manual. Therefore, it is concluded that the manual is
valid, and it becomes a valuable material to help autonomy for the care of people with type 2
diabetes mellitus.<br>Com a escassez de manuais educativos impressos desenvolvidos e validados pela enfermagem
com foco em orientações no auxílio de atividades de autocuidado com pessoas com o diabetes
mellitus tipo 2, optou-se por desenvolver uma pesquisa de desenvolvimento metodológico que
teve como objetivo validar um manual educativo para pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2
como tecnologia de enfermagem. Para tanto foi utilizada o polo teórico da teoria da psicometria
utilizado no modelo de Pasquali. A pesquisa foi realizada no ambulatório de diabetes mellitus
do Hospital Universitário de Sergipe e no Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Aracaju
(CEMAR). A população do estudo foi composta por 2 grupos distintos: os juízes especialistas
e o público-alvo. Sendo que o grupo dos juízes-especialistas foi dividido entre profissionais da
área da Saúde e profissionais das áreas de Exatas (Design Gráfico) e Humanas (Comunicação
Social). O grupo de juízes da área da saúde foi composto por profissionais de saúde, dentre eles,
médico, enfermeiro, nutricionista, educador físico e psicólogo, que foram responsáveis pela
validação do conteúdo e da aparência. O segundo grupo de juízes foi composto por
profissionais, da área de exatas como design gráfico e da área de humanas como comunicação
social que realizou apenas a validação de aparência. Já o grupo do público-alvo foi formado por
pessoas com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2, os quais, fizeram a análise da aparência. A coleta de
dados foi realizada após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal
de Sergipe. Os instrumentos utilizados nesta pesquisa foram três questionários, um para a
validação de conteúdo e dois para a validação de aparência, todos adaptados do trabalho de
Oliveira (2006). Foi realizado uma análise quantitativa de dados e variáveis do estudo e também
análise descritiva dos comentários e sugestões dadas pelos juízes e público-alvo. Para a
apresentação dos dados quantitativos foram utilizadas tabelas, nas quais foram apresentadas as
porcentagens e medidas de tendências central (média, desvio padrão, mínimo, mediana e
máximo) das variáveis. Esta análise, foi realizada através das respostas aos itens dos
questionários aplicados aos juízes especialistas e ao público-alvo. Foi aplicado o Índice de
Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), o Coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach dos itens e Percentual de
Concordância (PC) dos blocos na primeira e na segunda avaliação. Na validação de aparência
do público-alvo, nas duas avaliações, o PC>80% com IVC’s>80%; na validação de aparência
dos juízes de design gráfico e comunicação social, na primeira avaliação, o PC<80% e
IVC<80% em 12 itens, sendo reprovado pelos juízes, em seguida os itens foram analisados e
reformulados, na segunda avaliação o PC>80%, e todos os itens foram validados; na validação
de conteúdo dos juízes da área da saúde, na primeira avaliação apresentou um PC<80% e a
maioria dos itens apresentaram os IVC’s>80%, apenas oito itens foram reformulados; na
segunda avaliação todos os blocos foram válidos pois apresentaram um PC>80% e os itens
validados pois apresentaram os IVC’s>80% somente três itens apresentaram os IVC’s <80%
porém seu p-valor > 0,05. E na validação de aparência dos juízes da saúde, na primeira
avaliação houve um PC<80% em três blocos, com vinte e três itens validados, apenas três itens
não foram validados com IVC < 80% e p-valor < 0,05, na segunda avaliação todos os blocos
foram validados, e os itens aprovados, somente o item 5.5. apresentou um IVC <80% porém p-valor > 0,05. Após análise dos comentários e sugestões, foram feitas as reformulações para
adequação do manual. Portanto, conclui-se que o manual é válido, e torna-se um material
valioso no auxílio da autonomia para o cuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
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Härgestam, Emma. "Koncentrationsbestämning av autoantikroppar i NOD möss." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184347.
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Abshir, Hamdiya. "Användning av information och kommunikationsteknologi för att främja egenvård på distans för patienter med diabetes typ 2 En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-20941.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Diabetes Mellitus är kronisk sjukdom som är kopplat till lidande och förlust av livskvalitet. Egenvård är avgörande för att minska de negativa konsekvenserna. Mindre än hälften av alla diabetespatienter uppnår god egenvård. Anledningen är bland annat begränsad kunskap om diabetes och bristande egenvårdsföljsamhet. Införandet av Informations- och kommunikationsteknologi i diabetesvården påbörjades för att förbättra det kliniska resultatet och livskvaliteten för patienter med diabetes typ 2. Syfte: Att beskriva hur information och kommunikationsteknologi kan främja egenvård på distans för patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Litteraturstudie, där artiklarna söktes i CINAHL, PubMed och Web of Science. Artiklarna som inkluderades var 15 artiklar med kvantitativ, kvalitativ samt mixed metod. Resultat: Resultatet visade att Information och kommunikationsteknologi såsom internet, dator och mobiltelefonbaserade egenvårdsprogram främjade egenvård hos patienter med diabetes typ 2 genom ökad kunskap, ökad medvetenhet, ökad motivation samt förbättrad livsstilsförändring i kost och motion. Slutsats: IKT som hjälpmedel kan underlätta dagliga utmaningarna för patienter med diabetes typ 2 eftersom den täcker kunskapsluckan och därtill ökar patienternas medvetenhet och motivation till egenvård.<br>Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that is linked to suffering and lack of quality of life. Self-care is essential to reduce the negative consequences. Less than half of all patients achieve good self-care. Some of the reasons are limited knowledge of diabetes and poor self-care compliance. The introduction of ICT in diabetes care was started to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients with diabetes type 2. Aim: To describe how information and communication technology can promote self-care in distance for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: Literature study, in which the articles were searched in CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science. Articles included were 15 articles with a quantitative, qualitative and mixed method. Results: The results showed that information and communication technology such as internet, computer and mobile phone-based self-care program promoted self-care in patients with diabetes type 2 by increasing knowledge, awareness, motivation and improving lifestyle change. Conclusion: Information and communication technology can facilitate the daily challenges for patients with type 2 diabetes because it covers the knowledge gap and increases patient awareness and motivation for self-care.
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Li, Ying, Tammy Ozment, Gary L. Wright, and Jonathan M. Peterson. "Identification of Putative Receptors for the Novel Adipokine CTRP3 Using Ligand-Receptor Capture Technology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/67.
Full textAbstract:
C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a member of a family of secreted proteins that exert a multitude of biological effects. Our initial work identified CTRP3’s promise as an effective treatment for Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Specifically, we demonstrated that mice fed a high fat diet failed to develop NAFLD when treated with CTRP3. The purpose of this current project is to identify putative receptors which mediate the hepatic actions of CTRP3. Methods We used Ligand-receptor glycocapture technology with TriCEPS™-based ligand-receptor capture (LRC-TriCEPS; Dualsystems Biotech AG). The LRC-TriCEPS experiment with CTRP3-FLAG protein as ligand and insulin as a control ligand was performed on the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Results Initial analysis demonstrated efficient coupling of TriCEPS to CTRP3. Further, flow cytometry analysis (FACS) demonstrated successful oxidation and crosslinking of CTRP3-TriCEPS and Insulin-TriCEPS complexes to cell surface glycans. Demonstrating the utility of TriCEPS under these conditions, the insulin receptor was identified in the control dataset. In the CTRP3 treated cells a total enrichment of 261 peptides was observed. From these experiments 5 putative receptors for CTRP3 were identified with two reaching statistically significance: Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) and Lysosome membrane protein 2 (LIMP II). Follow-up Co-immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the association between LAMP1 and CTRP3 and further testing using a polyclonal antibody to block potential binding sites of LAMP1 prevented CTRP3 binding to the cells Conclusion The LRC-TriCEPS methodology was successful in identifying potential novel receptors for CTRP3. Relevance The identification of the receptors for CTRP3 are important prerequisites for the development of small molecule drug candidates, of which none currently exist, for the treatment NAFLD.
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Hernandez, Helen Birkmann. "Usability Challenges with Insulin Pump Devices in Diabetes Care: What Trainers Observe with First-Time Pump Users." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1087.
Full textAbstract:
Insulin pumps are designed for the self-management of diabetes mellitus in patients and are known for their complexity of use. Pump manufacturers engage trainers to teach patients how to use the devices correctly to control the symptoms of their disease. Usability research related to insulin pumps and other infusion pumps with first-time users as participants has centered on the relationship between user interface design and the effectiveness of task completion. According to prior research, the characteristics of system behavior in a real life environment remain elusive. A suitable approach to acquire information about potential usability problems encountered by first-time users is to obtain this information from the health care professionals who train them.
The purpose of the study was to discover the lived experiences and shared impressions of insulin pump trainers during training sessions with first-time users. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to uncover the phenomena associated with usability challenges that first-time users of insulin pumps face when learning to use the device. Six participants representing a homogeneous sample were recruited from a wide geographic area in the United States, and semi-structured interviews containing open-ended questions were conducted with the respondents.
The data from the lived experiences and shared impressions of the participants were used to develop the following five super-ordinate themes: Emotion-charged Environment, Personalized Training, Safety Issues and Disaster Planning, Professional Dedication, and The Voice. The essence of participants’ experience was described around the pivotal moment when the training sessions are successfully completed and insulin pump therapy becomes alive.
The findings of this study have implications for information systems professionals who conduct research on the safe design and usability of safety critical medical devices. In addition, the findings from this study create opportunities for practice to improve the initiation of insulin pump therapy in patients with diabetes.
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Chowdhury, Nusrat Jahan, Joseph Blevins, Phoenix Ragsdale, Tahsin Rezwana, and Ferdaus Ahmed Dr Kawsar. "Design and Development of a Comprehensive and Interactive Diabetic Parameter Monitoring System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/51.
Full textAbstract:
Regular physical activity, timely medication, controlled diet, and blood glucose monitoring is crucial for any diabetic patient. Laxity on following these treatment regimens can cause severe health complexity. Moreover, A physician’s surveillance on a patient, based on the patient’s real-time progress is difficult with the existing health care system. This research aims to provide a more accurate objective data in real-time to the physicians to help both patients and providers. The data being generated is mined later to investigate interesting questions regarding diabetic care. The resultant system is a mobile healthcare monitoring system for type – 2 diabetic patients that traces patients daily progress. Although many mobile apps provide self-monitoring tools for the patient, an interactive platform for monitoring all relevant parameters of diabetes where patients and physicians both are end users is unique. The Android app is designed with 3 major modules and two submodules: 1. Carb Intake Tracker (CIT), 2. Blood Glucose Tracker (BGT), 3. Physical Activity Tracker (PAT), 4. Medicine and 5. Blood Glucose (BG) reading reminder. Since Carb is an important factor for a diabetic patient’s meals, the CIT provides a platform to record daily meals from which the patient can see the total carb intake. Through BGT, patients can record their fasting or non-fasting blood glucose reading. The PAT collects a patient’s movement data via Bluetooth from a pair of wearable insole devices, and processing the data identifies and records the current activity. The PAT can detect if the patient is active in sedentary, as well as the type of exercise done by the patient. Using BG reminder and medicine reminder, the patient can set reminders which supports the apps self-monitoring aspect. All the data collected by CIT, BGT, and PAT are stored in Microsoft Azure cloud database, an authorized physician can access the database and see graphical statistics of a patient’s diet, physical activity, and glycemic index level. The app portrays statistics of carbs taken over a period, calories burned, and Glucose level trends through graphical representation. This has two advantages: 1. Patients can improve lifestyle observing records and following reminders, 2. Physicians can prescribe actions perceiving a patient’s trends over time. This research presents unique collaborative interaction between diabetic patients and physicians to create a real time patient portal based on android APIs and wearable devices.
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Govind, Satish C. "Myocardial Effects of Type 2 Diabetes, Co-morbidities, and Changing Loading Conditions : a Clinical Study by Tissue Velocity Echocardiography." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknik och hälsa, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4359.
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Hermes, Thaís Schmidt Vitali. "Educação em saúde para crianças diabéticas por meio de cartilha educativa e abordagem lúdica." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3563.
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-18<br>Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is gradually evolving. Constant monitoring is required and in order to achieve that, medication with high costs needs to be purchased. This disease is a common public health issue, with childhood prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Having sufficient control over the disease, isolation of the treatment alone isn't enough, that is necessary and adequate treatment because it will change the child’s daily life. The orientation adequate for those children and their families is by applying a strategy involving a health team that could prevent or decrease the risk of any complication that can appear with this disease. The objective is to describe the percussions of health education set to children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to how to control this disease and how it can change the eating habits and sport practice. Demonstrate how to increase the glycemic indexes by the education books. The study was conducted with children between the age ranges of 8 to 12 years, they were accompanied by their family in a university hospital. The data collection consisted of applying structured formulary and it was divided into 3 parts. The first part is about the sociodemographic profile; the second is about any difficulties in controlling diabetes mellitus faced by the children or their families; and the last part is regarding the data collected from biochemical tests (fasting blood glucose and glaciated hemoglobin) obtained from medical charts and was updated weekly by the capilar glycemic from the child's registration map. After all children filled out a form, a group meeting was scheduled where they had a dynamic presentation and each participant explained what they know about diabetes mellitus. After that, they had six more meetings in a period of 90 days between February and April 2017. When the intervention was finished, one more formulary was applied to collect data in a period of 180 days to record more glycemic results. Thematic content analysis was used to obtain the results, which are presented in three thematic categories: Children and families in the experience of Diabetes Mellitus type 1; Type 1 diabetic child and family life; and Health education in the management of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in childhood. It was observed that the children show more knowledge about diabetes mellitus (definition, symptoms, self-care and adequate insulin application and glycosometer handling). Resistance towards adapting to healthy eating habits that were advised was observed. The relationship between eating habits and bad glycemic control was shed a light upon. Fasting glycemia and HbAc decreased in some children at 90 days and increased again in 180 days, not being able to relate the activities with the obtained results. The study concluded that health education with the use of playbook and directions given to children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a tool that should be explored and used in the assistance practice of the interdisciplinary team, in order to contribute to the quality of life of these children.<br>O Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença de evolução lenta e progressiva que necessita de tratamento contínuo de alto custo, representando importante problema de saúde pública, com prevalência na infância do Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1. Para que o manejo da doença seja eficaz, apenas o tratamento isolado não é suficiente, faz-se necessária adesão adequada ao tratamento e mudanças no cotidiano de vida das crianças. A orientação adequada pela equipe de saúde é uma das estratégias que deve ser usada para prevenir ou retardar as complicações agudas e crônicas causadas pela doença. Objetiva-se descrever a repercussão da educação em saúde direcionada a crianças com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 em relação ao manejo da doença, a mudanças nos hábitos alimentares e de atividades físicas, assim como nos índices glicêmicos, a partir de cartilha educativa e abordagem lúdica. Os sujeitos do estudo foram crianças com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 entre oito a 12 anos, acompanhadas pelos familiares no ambulatório de um hospital universitário. A coleta de dados compreendeu aplicação de formulário estruturado, dividido em três partes - perfil sociodemográfico, identificação das dificuldades no manejo do diabetes pelas crianças e familiares e registro dos exames bioquímicos (glicemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada) obtidos pelos prontuários e média semanal da glicemia capilar – a partir do mapa de registro da criança. Após as crianças terem respondido ao formulário, foi agendado o primeiro encontro em grupo, no qual fez-se a dinâmica de apresentação e os participantes explanaram sobre sua compreensão acerca da doença. Posteriormente, as atividades de educação em saúde foram desenvolvidas em seis encontros em um período de 90 dias, de fevereiro a abril/2017. Ao término das atividades, o formulário de coleta de dados foi reaplicado para todos os participantes e em até 180 dias novamente foram coletados os índices glicêmicos. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo do tipo temática para obtenção dos resultados, os quais são apresentados em três categorias temáticas: Crianças e famílias na vivência do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1; Criança diabética do tipo 1 e o convívio familiar; e Educação em saúde no manejo do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 na infância. Apreendeu-se que as crianças apresentaram melhora do conhecimento acerca da doença (definição da doença, sintomas, autocuidado, adequada aplicação de insulina e manuseio do glicosímetro). A prática de atividade física já era adotada pelas crianças antes das atividades educativas e se mostrou alternativa eficaz como incentivo ao autocuidado e à redução de complicações. Observou-se que há resistência à adoção de hábitos alimentares direcionados ao diabetes, o que está relacionado com mau controle glicêmico em curto prazo. A glicemia de jejum e a Hba1c chegaram a reduzir em algumas crianças aos 90 dias e aumentaram novamente em 180 dias, não permitindo relacionar as atividades educativas com os resultados glicêmicos obtidos. Conclui-se que a educação em saúde com uso do lúdico e de cartilha direcionada às crianças com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 é uma ferramenta que deve ser explorada e utilizada na prática assistencial da equipe interdisciplinar, de modo a contribuir para a qualidade de vida dessas crianças.
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Flou, Louise. "Exploring how users perceive and interact with continuous glucose monitoring software." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20266.
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The present study is based on the hypotheses that a better user experience in mobile applications increases the frequency of use among users, and that a higher frequency of use of continuous glucose monitoring systems leads to better health status in patients with diabetes.The purpose of this study is to understand how users perceive and interact with CGM software.The result of this study shows that existing CGM applications and the functionalities they provide are very much appreciated by the participants. Many of the user needs may however not have been met in one application alone, since a large proportion of the participants use more than one CGM application.This study highlights importance of providing options for customization in every aspect offunctionality due to the individuality of each user’s condition, and that the settings of such should consider minimizing the cognitive load for the user.
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Pulman, Andrew John. "How young adults with type 1 diabetes interact with technology and how their views and experiences can inform the development of a patient-centric mobile health app." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2016. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24769/.
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Background: Views of young adults with type 1 diabetes are vital in developing quality support services and improving their lives, yet research on their lifestyle and use of technology to support their condition is sparse. Aim: (1) Develop an insight into use of Internet and web/mobile technology and its impact on the lives of young adults, by understanding their experiences from qualitative interviewing, exploring how they made use of technology concerning their lives and condition. (2) Utilise sociotechnical design principles and develop a mobile app, seeking participant opinions on design and usefulness during the development cycle. Design: Data collected through semi-structured, qualitative interviews (n=9) of young adults aged 18-21 with type 1 diabetes. Data analysis undertaken during initial interviews (n=4) to locate ideas for development. Later interviews assisted in the iterative design process (n=5). Pre-launch feedback also obtained from clinical staff (n=5). Evaluation data collected from different young adults from a wider range of demographic backgrounds post launch (n=11) on app usability, usage and usefulness. Findings: Six themes were identified providing an understanding of participant experiences with their condition and their use of technology. From suggestions prototyped, a clinically approved mobile alcohol guide app was developed. Post launch data analysis identified six different themes relating to app usability, usage and usefulness. Conclusion: The study contributes to new knowledge regarding: (1) The lives of young adults with type 1 diabetes, by providing examples of how their lives could be improved based on use of the Internet and web/mobile technology. (2) The technical development process, by documenting best practice procedures and principles involved in creating a patient-centric educational health app (downloaded globally 2,639 times as of July 2015). (3) Policy, by highlighting areas where care and support were lacking in the target group and where there were gaps in knowledge and understanding.
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Petersen, Fazlyn. "Determinants for the acceptance and use of mobile health applications: Diabetic patients in the Western Cape, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7832.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>The increased pervasiveness of information communication and technology and increasing internet access creates anticipation for how contemporary technologies can address critical developmental problems. Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death globally, even though more than 40% of the deaths are premature and avoidable. Diabetes is such a disease that causes 80% of non-communicable disease deaths in low and middle-income countries. Diabetes is also the leading cause of death in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Diabetes thus constitutes a challenge to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3 that focuses on health and well-being for all people, at all ages. The potential of technology, such as the use of m-health applications, is recognised as a means to advance the Sustainable Development Goals through supporting health systems in all countries.
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Gashi, Krasniqi Lauresha. "Jämförelse av två enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays : mätning av diabetesspecifika autoantikroppar i en adult population." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18698.
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Typ- 1 diabetes (T1D) är en autoimmun sjukdom med insulinbrist orsakad av nedbrytning av insulinproducerande betaceller i pankreas. Fyra olika antikroppar har identifierats som är riktade mot betacellsspecifika antigen; insulinautoantikroppar (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet antigen2-antikroppar (IA-2A) och antikroppar riktade mot zinktransportören 8 (ZnT8A). I denna studie gjordes en jämförelse av metoderna 2screen islet cell autoantibody ELISA-kit (RSR, Cardiff, UK) och 3screen islet cell autoantibody ELISA- kit (RSR, Cardiff, UK), vars brunnar är coatade med GAD65/IA-2 antigen respektive GAD65/IA-2/ZnT8 antigen, för att undersöka ifall dessa båda kit ger jämförbar sensitivitet och specificitet i en adult population av nydebuterade patienter med T1D och friska vuxna blodgivare. RSR 2screen erhöll 1 % högre specificitet (98 %) jämfört med RSR 3screen (97 %) vid samma sensitivitet (92 %) och rekommenderas i första hand för screening av autoantikroppar i en population av vuxna patienter med ökad risk för T1D och friska vuxna blodgivare.<br>Type- 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with insulin deficiency caused by degradation of insulin- producing betacells in pancreas. Four different autoantibodies that target beta- cell specific antigenes have been identified: insulinautoantibodies (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet antigen2-antibodies (IA-2A) and antibodies against zinktransporter 8 (ZnT8A). In this study, a comparison between 2screen islet cell autoantibody ELISA-kit (RSR, Cardiff, UK) coated with GAD65/IA-2 and 3screen islet cell autoantibody ELISA- kit (RSR, Cardiff, UK) coated with GAD65/IA-2/ZnT8, was performed to investigate whether results from these two kits provide comparable sensitivity and specificity in an adult population of new onset patients with T1D and healthy adults. RSR 2screen obtained 1 % higher specificity (98 %) in comparison to RSR 3screen (97 %) on the same sensitivity (92 %) and is recommended primarily for screening of autoantibodies in a population of adult patients at increased risk for T1D and healthy adults blood donors.
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Saifaldin, Warshin. "Utvärdering av ny immunkemisk metod för att mäta HbA1c i blod." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92898.
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Bakgrund: Glykerat hemoglobin i blod (B-HbA1c) speglar den genomsnittliga blodsocker-nivån de senaste 8 till 12 veckorna. B-HbA1c används för att följa behandlingen vid diabetes mellitus. B-HbA1c kan mätas på olika sätt och mätresultaten kan ibland skilja sig åt. I detta arbete har en ny immunkemisk metod, HbA1c Advanced (Beckman Coulter, USA) (AU-metoden) utvärderats. Metod: Med patientprover och kontroller, dubbelprover, beräknades imprecision och bias samt korrelation med laboratoriets ordinarie jonbyteskromatografiska metod, Tosoh G11 (G11-metoden). Resultat: Imprecision inomserie blev <3 %, total imprecision 5 %, och bias var -2,8 till -5,3 %. AU-metoden gav i medeltal 2,5 mmol/mol (3,9 %) lägre värde än G11-metoden med en korrelationskoefficient på 0,9967. AU-metoden mätte korrekt de vanligaste hemoglobin-varianterna men inte en patologisk ökning av fraktionen HbF. Slutsats: AU-metodens precision och bias uppfyller nationella kvalitetsmål och korrelationen med laboratoriets ordinarie metod är god för såväl prover utan som med de vanligare hemo-globinvarianterna. Som förväntat för immunkemiska metoder ger AU-metoden för lågt värde vid uttalad ökning av HbF. AU-metoden fungerar så väl som en immunkemisk metod kan göra och bedöms vara lämplig för kliniskt bruk för att mäta B-HbA1c.<br>Background: Glycated hemoglobinin blood (B-HbA1c) reflects the average blood sugar level over the last 8 to 12 weeks. B-HbA1c is used to monitor the treatment of diabetes mellitus. B-HbA1c can be measured in different ways with eventual results that sometimes differ from each other. During this project, a new immunochemical method, HbA1c Advanced (Beckman Coulter, USA) (AU method) was evaluated. Methods: With patient samples, precision and bias were calculated as well as correlation with the laboratory's ordinary ion exchange chromatographic method, Tosoh G11 (G11 method). Results: Imprecision in-series was <3 %, total imprecision was 5 %, and bias was -2.8 to -5.3 %. On average, the AU method gave values that were lower than the G11 method (2.5 mmol/mol (3.9 %) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9967. The AU method correctly measured the most common hemoglobin variants but not a pathological increase in the HbF fraction. Conclusion: The precision and bias of the AU method fulfill the national quality objectives and the correlation with the laboratory's ordinary method, the G11 method is good for samples both with and without the most common hemoglobin variants. As expected for immunochemical methods, the AU method gives too low a value for samples with a pronounced increase in HbF. In conclusion, the AU method fulfills the quality goals as is expected for an immunochemical method for measuring B-hbA1c and is concidered appropriate to use in clincical work.
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Hammarbäck, Madelene. "Development of a dynamic ex vivo culture system for human islets of langerhans." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353398.
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Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is a disease that only gets more common. The etiology of the disease is not known but there are many existing theories about what the cause is. These different theories have been tested in vivoin rodents or invitro. The resultsfrom experiments done in those waysarenotall realistic because rodents differnotablyfrom humans,and when studies areperformed in vitrowith human isletsof Langerhans different hormones will accumulate. The aim of this studywas to establisha dynamic ex vivosystem in which stimulation of human islets of Langerhans can be performed in a more lifelike environment. To study islets in this system couldin the future lead to increased knowledge in the etiology of T1D.The perifusion system PERI-4.2 from Biorep Technologies together with an incubator with 37°Cand5% CO2were used to arrangethe ex vivosystem. An Insulin ELISA from Mercodia was performedto analyze the insulin secretion from the islets. Fourdifferent set ups for the system were tested and the last one showed the best results.In conclusion this study has shown that it is possible to preserve human islets of Langerhans in a dynamic ex vivosystem with a constant medium exchange if it is done under conditionswhere the islets are protected from shear forces from the supplying medium,together with a medium exchange rate which replaces the whole medium in at least one hour.
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Rivera, Rodriguez Jose A. "Seniors with Diabetes-Investigation of the Impact of Semantic Auditory Distractions on the Usability of a Blood Glucose Tracking Mobile Application." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/64.
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Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. With the population rapidly aging, it is expected that 1 out of 3 Americans will have diabetes by 2050. Mobile devices and mobile applications have the potential to contribute to diabetes self-care by allowing users to manage their diabetes by keeping track of their blood glucose levels. Usability is important for systems that help people self-manage conditions such as diabetes. Age and diabetes-related cognitive decline might intensify the impact of usability issues for the users who need these mobile applications the most. As highlighted by usability researchers, the context of use (i.e. environment, user, task, and technology) has a significant impact on usability. The environment (lighting, temperature, audio and visual distractions, etc.) is of special interest to the mobile usability arena since in the case of mobile devices, is always changing.
This dissertation aims to support the claim that context and more specifically environmental distraction such as semantic auditory distractions impact the usability of mobile applications. In doing so, it attempts to answer the following research questions: 1) Does semantic auditory distractions reduce the effectiveness of a blood glucose tracking mobile application? 2) Does semantic auditory distractions reduce the efficiency of a blood glucose tracking mobile application? 3) Does semantic auditory distractions reduce the user satisfaction of a blood glucose tracking mobile application?
To answer the study research questions, a true experimental design was performed involving 30 adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were paired based on their age and experience with smartphones and randomly assigned to the control (no semantic auditory distractions) or experimental (semantic auditory distractions) group. Research questions were tested using the general linear model. The results of this study confirmed that semantic auditory distractions have a significant effect on efficiency and effectiveness, and hence they need to be taken into account when evaluating mobile usability. This study also showed that semantic auditory distractions have no significant effect on user satisfaction.
This dissertation enhances the current knowledge about the impact of semantic auditory distractions on the usability of mobile applications within the diabetic senior population.
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Marrouki, Gabi. "HbA1c – En jämförelse mellan två nya analysmetoder gentemot en befintlig." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17858.
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Glykerat hemoglobin, HbA1c, är en indikation på genomsnittligt glukosvärde. HbA1c används vid diagnostisering av diabetes men också uppföljning av diagnostiserade diabetiker. Uppföljningen visar hur väl diabetiker förhåller sig till kost men också medicinering. Informationen av patientens HbA1c värde spelar en stor roll i vidare behandlingar. Analysmetoden HbA1c är inte helt standardiserad vilket har medfört att flera analysmetoder utvecklats för HbA1c. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om en enzymatisk, Direct enzymatic HbA1c eller immunologisk analysmetod, Hemoglobin A1c kan lösa problemet med hemoglobin-variationer vid analys av HbA1c som idag analyseras med HPLC som rutin på klinisk kemi-laboratorium i Västerås. Genomförandet gjordes på två instrument, TOSOH G7 och AU 680. TOSOH:s värden (HPLC) användes vid jämförelse av de två analysmetoderna på AU680. Förberedelse och behandling, såsom hemolysering, skedde innan proven sattes i instrumentet AU680. Resultatet (n=134) visade att analysmetoden Hemoglobin A1c förhöll sig väl till HPLC analysmetod (R 2=0,98) jämfört med vad analysmetoden Direct enzymatic HbA1c gjorde (R2=0,86). Likartade resultat kunde observeras för Hemoglobin A1c (R2=0,98) och Direct enzymatic Hba1c (R2=0,95) då bara patientprov med hemoglobin-varianter analyserades (n=10). Mann-Whitney’s U-test vid analys av hemoglobin varianter med Hemoglobin A1c visade en tendens till signifikant skillnad gentemot HPLC analysen (p=0,051; n=34). Fel reagens erhölls från reagenstillverkaren gällande Direct enzymatic, Detta kan förklara det erhållna resultatet och kräver fler analyser med korrekta reagens. Hemoglobin A1c bör även undersökas vidare med mer omfattande provmaterial för möjlig standardisering i rutin hos KKTM i Västerås.<br>Glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, is an indication of average long-term glucose. HbA1c is used as a diagnostic method for diabetes but also as a follow-up for diagnosed diabetics. Follow-ups shows how well a diabetic relates to diet but also medication. The information of the patient's HbA1c value plays an important factor in further treatments. The analysis method for HbA1c is not standardized, which has resulted in several analysis methods developed for HbA1c. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether an enzymatic, Direct enzymatic HbA1c or immunological assay method, Hemoglobin A1c, can solve the problem of hemoglobin variations in the analysis of HbA1c, which is currently analyzed by HPLC as a routine at the clinical chemistry laboratory in Västerås The implementation was performed on two instruments, TOSOH G7 and AU 680. The values from TOSOH (HPLC) were used for comparison of the two analysis methods applied on the AU680. Preparation and treatment, such as hemolysis, occurred before putting the samples into the AU680 instrument. The result showed that the Hemoglobin A1c assay method was well-matched with HPLC assay (R2 = 0.98) in comparison to that of the Direct enzymatic HbA1c assay method (R2 = 0.86). Similar results could be observed for Hemoglobin A1c (R2 = 0.98) and Direct Enzyme HbA1c (R2 = 0.95) when only samples from patients with hemoglobin variants were analyzed (n=10). Solely analysis of hemoglobin variants with Hemoglobin A1c showed a boundary case for a significant difference compared to HPLC analysis (P = 0.051; n=134). Incorrect reagents were obtained from the reagent manufacturer in the case of Direct enzymatic. This can explain the results obtained. Hemoglobin A1c should also be investigated with more extensive test materials for possible standardization in the routine of KKTM in Västerås.