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Journal articles on the topic 'Diabetes Type'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Irace, Concetta. "Awareness of Diabetes Complication in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000251.

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Patients with diabetes are well-educated about the self-management of glycemic control; conversely, the education on the screening of complications are less structured and personalized. We designed our study to assess the awareness of complications in a sample of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This is an observational cross-sectional study. A questionnaire aimed to evaluate the knowledge of micro- and macro-vascular diabetic complications and of the tests used to detect them was provided to consecutive people with T2D. Three-hundred eleven participants with T2D were enrolled and competed the questionnaire. The majority of them were aware of retinopathy (98%), kidney disease (90%), cardiovascular diseases (57%), and leg sensitive abnormalities (83%), while few were aware of sexual (38%), bladder (45%), gastrointestinal (27%) and cardiovascular autonomic disorders (0.6%). Among those who were aware of sexual disorders, 33% defined the complication specific of male sex and 5% of both sexes. About one-third were aware of albuminuria, and 37% indicated electromyography as the standard test for peripheral neuropathy. An adequate level of awareness for most complications was observed. However, some complications linked to autonomic neuropathy and standard tests to detect diabetic nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy were poorly known. Furthermore, bladder, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy were also less aware or unaware. A comprehensive education might be helpful to prevent the lesser-known complications and avoid inappropriate and expensive diagnostic tests.

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2

Dr. Vanitha Gowda M. N, Dr Vanitha Gowda M. N., Dr Kusuma K. S. Dr. Kusuma K. S, and Dr Vasudha K. C. Dr. Vasudha. K. C. "Serum Paraoxonase (Arylesterase) activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and diabetic nephropathy." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 4 (2011): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/115.

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3

C.V, Senthilnathan. "Prevalence of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Type I Diabetes – An Observational Study." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (2020): 6638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020650.

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4

Khalid Iqbal, Rana. "Type 2 Diabetes and its Treatment." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000208.

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Type 2 diabetes is chronic disease that is spreading all over the world. In type 2 diabetes mainly there is less insulin production. It can be diet-induced and may also be associated with obesity. The body weight of a person increases due to more energy taken by the food, also the physical activity with less workout may lead to abdominal adiposity and finally the insulin resistance. Insulin resistance leads to the development of type 2 diabetes. The ratio of diabetic patients is increasing day by day. 90% of the total diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes. The risk of developing type 2diabetes is increasing according to an estimation of the American born in 2000 or later one of the three and some 50% members are expected to have type 2 diabetes.

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5

Singh, Premshanker, Ritu Karoli, and Prafull Kumar Singh. "Case Report: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 1 (2022): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr211231151038.

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6

Duarte, Nietsnie, Izabel Hazin, Carolina Vilar, et al. "INTELLIGENCE AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1." Psicologia, Saúde & Doença 18, no. 2 (2017): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15309/17psd180214.

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7

Sodikovna, Abdurazakova Dilbar, Yusupova Shahnoza Kadirjanovna, SaidjonovaFeruza Latifjonovna, and Jabbarov Ibrohimjon Adhamjon O’gli. "PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS." American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation 4, no. 3 (2024): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/volume04issue03-06.

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Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications is an urgent problem in modern medicine. In patients with a body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2, indicators of markers of carbohydrate metabolism (serum glucose -fasting and postprandial glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin and urine glucose) and lipid metabolism -total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), lipidogram (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol -LDL cholesterol, atherogenic index -AI is significantly higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol -HDL cholesterol is significantly lower than in patients with normal body mass index (BMI) and abdominal index (AI). Asignificant positive relationship between age, abdominal index, BMI, AI, glucose level in blood serum. Assessment of markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism should be included in the list of mandatory examinations of patients over the age of 30 years, and be strictly individual. There is a relationship between the progression of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and changes in lipid parameters metabolism in the examined women.The population should be widely informed about the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the progression of complications.

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8

Unni, Shiju Raman, Hani Naguib, and Mary Mccallum. "Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices of People diagnosed with Type-1 Diabetes towards Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Foot Syndrome." Diabetes and Islet Biology 5, no. 1 (2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-8975/025.

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most common devastating preventable complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, Beliefs and Practices (KBP) among Omani patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) regarding DM and Diabetes foot. Design: A cross sectional descriptive study was used. Settings: A secondary care, polyclinic named Bawshar in Muscat, Oman where patients were seen three days per week. Sample Size:A convenient sample of 100 participants between age group 16 to 30 years were involved. Materials and methods: A validated semi- structured questionnaire was used to assess KBP of T1DM with six domains. During the study period from November 2019 to December 2019. .The data was analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics Inc., Chicago, US version 20. Results: There were 50 females, 50 males; 5 % of patients were illiterate and 30% of them were working. 65% were students. Only 50% checked their foot regularly and only 55% check there blood glucose regularly .57% don’t know the cause of diabetes, 25% don’t know the complications of the same while 20% don’t know cause of diabetic foot and 25% don’t know the symptoms of diabetic foot. 20% beliefs checking blood glucose is the responsibility of the doctor and 85% beliefs walking bare foot is high risk factor for DM foot. Conclusions: In reality healthcare providers must be trained to counsel people with DM to plan adequate interventions that enable an understanding of the offered information. A well-structured ,Behaviour change counselling (BCC) like Motivational interviewing (MI)are considered the ideal practices for this patients, to prevent DM complications.

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9

Singh, Luxmi, Lubna Ahmed, Swati Yadav, Pragati Garg, and B. B. Lal. "DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA IN ASSOCIATION WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS." ERA'S JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH 5, no. 1 (2018): 06–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2018.55.

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10

V, Berisha, and Kovacevska G. "Diabetes Type 2 and Oral Changes: A Comparison of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Prosthodontic Patients." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 4 (2022): 1328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22427164814.

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11

Suzuki, Takahiro, Kenji Takahashi, Satoshi Miyamoto, et al. ""Type 1 on Type 2" Diabetes Mellitus: Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes Superimposed on Established Type 2 Diabetes." Internal Medicine 46, no. 24 (2007): 1957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0282.

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12

Raju Taklikar, Anupama. "Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Newly Diagnosed Cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Ophthalmology and Allied Sciences 6, no. 1 (2020): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/oas.2454.7816.6120.1.

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13

Adikosha Pranata, Made, and I. GustiNgurah Mayura. "Charcot's Neuroarthropathyin Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 2 (2022): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22129125156.

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14

Makrilakis, Konstantinos, and Nikolaos Katsilambros. "Prediction and prevention of type 2 diabetes." HORMONES 2, no. 1 (2003): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1179.

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15

Sieniawska, Joanna, Katarzyna Rębowicz, Wiktoria Osiak, and Iwona Beń-Skowronek. "„Double diabetes”: coexistence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus." Pediatric Endocrinology 15, no. 3 (2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18544/ep-01.15.03.1650.

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16

Govindraj, Telang. "Type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Patients' Perspectives: management of disease." International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5595147.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Diabetes mellitus, also called diabetes, is a term for several conditions involving how your body turns food into energy. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition that makes the body unable to produce insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body cannot properly use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. This is also known as insulin resistance. Complications include Cardiovascular issues including coronary artery disease, chest pain, heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries), Nerve damage, Kidney damage, Eye damage, Foot damage, Skin infections, Erectile dysfunction, Hearing loss, Depression, Dementia,   Dental problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of people in accordance to type 1 and 2 diabetes, aimed to develop educational programs to increase the level of knowledge of diabetes mellitus prevention.

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17

M. Normatova, Nargiza. "PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN UZBEKISTAN." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (2020): 2254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201335.

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18

Garg, Prof Pragati. "Prevalence of various stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients of Diabetes Mellitus-Type 2." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 04, no. 12 (2016): 14903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i12.97.

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19

Ali, Murad, Imran Ali Zaidi, Ashraf Ashraf, and Imranullah Imranullah. "Assessment of TNF-alpha Levels in Pre-Diabetic Patients for Predicting Type 2 Diabetes." SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences 10, no. 2 (2024): 5111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ssr-iijls.2024.10.2.16.

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20

Tian, Shen, Juan Wu, Jia-shuo Liu, Bao-shan Zou, and Ling-quan Kong. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 172, no. 10 (2020): 704–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l20-0011.

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21

Vijan, Sandeep. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 172, no. 10 (2020): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l20-0012.

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22

Shimada, Akira. "Type 2 Diabetes." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 56, no. 12 (2009): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.56.665.

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23

Wilson, Jennifer F. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 146, no. 1 (2007): ITC1–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-1-200701020-01001.

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24

Vijan, Sandeep. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 152, no. 5 (2010): ITC3–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-01003.

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25

Quinn, Laurie. "TYPE 2 DIABETES." Nursing Clinics of North America 36, no. 2 (2001): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02543-9.

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26

Vijan, Sandeep. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 162, no. 5 (2015): ITC1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/aitc201503030.

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27

Vijan, Sandeep. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 171, no. 9 (2019): ITC65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/aitc201911050.

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28

Bell, David S. H. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 163, no. 4 (2015): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l15-5122.

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29

Vijan, Sandeep. "Type 2 Diabetes." Annals of Internal Medicine 163, no. 4 (2015): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l15-5122-2.

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30

Naveed, Shabnam, Syed Masroor Ahmed, Ayesha Nageen, et al. "TYPE 2 DIABETES." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 02 (2016): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.02.862.

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence and the associated risk factors ofNAFLD in Type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Diabeticclinic of Medical Unit 3, JPMC. Methods: It is a cross sectional study. 262 patients wereenrolled between the ages of 18-70 years attending Diabetes Clinic of Medical Unit III, JPMC.Each consenting patient underwent a detailed medical history-taking, physical examination,laboratory assessment and abdominal ultrasonography (US). Fatty liver was diagnosed onabdominal US on the basis of two out of the three criteria: increased hepatic echogenicity,blurring of liver vasculature and deep attenuation of the ultrasonographic signal. In accordancewith the guidelines, subjects diagnosed with NAFLD had to fulfill the following criteria: nohistory of current or past alcohol consumption, other systemic illness known to cause fatty liverdisease; absence of history and clinical, biochemical and US findings consistent with cirrhosis.Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressures of greater than 130/90 were takenas hypertensive. LFTs, FBS, HbA1c, Lipid profiles were taken. Results: Out of 262 diabeticpatients 107 (40.8%) of them were found to be having NFALD. Prevalence was found out to behigher in age group of 41-50 years, females, obese & in Pashtoon subjects.It was also moreprevalent in sedentary lifestyle patients and those on oral anti diabetics in contrast to insulintherapy. It was correlating well with US findings when the ALT cut-off value was taken as 30 IUfor males and 19 IU for females compared to standard values of ALT. There was associationwith hypertension, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Prevalence of NAFLDwas higher in our diabetic patients. Middle age, female gender and obesity were found to bestatistically strong risk factors in our study.

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31

SHAIKH, ZULFIQAR ALI, SAIMA AKHUND, MUKKARAM ALI, and Masood Hameed Khan. "TYPE 2 DIABETES;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 02 (2013): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.02.628.

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Objective: To determine the effects of various socio-demographic factors upon the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.Background: Type 2 Diabetes is growing at an epidemic scale. Besides genetic predisposition, numerous environmental factors elicit thedevelopment of diabetes. An estimated 246 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Majority of diabetics (80%) live in verypoor countries of the world, where even the least expensive lifesaving diabetes drugs are not available. Pakistan ranks number seven interms of global diabetes burden and is projected to reach number five in 2025. Approximately half of the diabetics are aware of theirdisease status, and most of them are diagnosed with complications and poor metabolic control. This study determines the effects ofvarious socio-demographic factors upon the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: Study Design: Cross-sectional.Place: National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, DUHS, Karachi, Pakistan. Duration of study: March 2008 to December 2009.Sample size: 1029. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 50.5 ±12.1 years. Fifty two percent study participants were malesand 48% females. They were from various occupations, educational levels and socio-economic strata. Among these diabetics, 73% hadfamily history of diabetes; 20% were doing exercise, 20% knew self monitoring blood glucose and 6% had knowledge to inject insulin.Only 29% followed diabetes diet. Conclusions: A vast majority of diabetic patients was not doing exercise; had least knowledge of selfmonitoring blood glucose and did not follow diabetes diet. Various environmental factors, lack of related information and peoples’reluctant attitude played important role in the high prevalence of diabetes.

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32

Majeed Babar, Muhammad Zafar, Mazhar Hussain, and Asma Manzur. "TYPE 2 DIABETES;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 06 (2017): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.06.1206.

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Background: The data among vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control isvariable and contradictory in various clinical studies. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of vitD supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Case controlstudy. Setting: Private Clinical Set up of District, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: August to October2016. Patients and methods: 100 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into groupA and group B each contained 50 patients .The cases in group A were treated with vitamin D3at the dose of 50,000 units per week orally while cases in group B were treated with placeboalong with the standard doses of anti-diabetic drugs. The value of HbA1c and Vit D wereassayed pre and post treatment by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Therewas significant post treatment changes observed in vitamin D level in group A vs group B inmales 20.46±2.45 vs 15.16±1.47 (p= 0.001) and females 18.32±1.44 vs 13.95±2.48 (p= 0.09)There was significant post treatment changes in HbA1c in males 6.65±0.12 vs 8.34±0.71 (p=0.01) and in females 6.81±0.43 vs 8.04±0.71 (p= 0.03) in group A and group B respectively.Similarly better improvement in vitamin D and HbA1c level was seen with respect to aged group30-50 years and duration of diabetes less than 5 years. Conclusion: Vitamin D is deficient in ourpopulation and its supplementation not only improves its own level but also glycemic control intype 2 diabetic patients.

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33

MacKinnon, Mary. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Standard 14, no. 10 (1999): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns1999.11.14.10.39.c2715.

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34

Jerreat, Lynne, and Sonia Davies. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Standard 24, no. 1 (2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2009.09.24.1.58.c7262.

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35

Gower, Amanda. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Standard 25, no. 41 (2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.06.25.41.59.c8574.

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36

Spencer, Martha. "Type I diabetes." Postgraduate Medicine 85, no. 4 (1989): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1989.11700628.

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37

Hollander, Priscilla. "Type II diabetes." Postgraduate Medicine 85, no. 4 (1989): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1989.11700629.

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38

&NA;. "Type 2 Diabetes." Nurse Practitioner 30, no. 11 (2005): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200511000-00012.

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39

Drass, Janice A., and Ann Peterson. "Type II Diabetes." American Journal of Nursing 96, no. 11 (1996): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199611000-00036.

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40

Burn, Paul. "Type 1 diabetes." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, no. 3 (2010): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3097.

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41

Calles-Escandon, Jorge, Ernesto Garcia-Rubi, Shirwan Mirza, and Aaron Mortensen. "Type 2 diabetes." Coronary Artery Disease 10, no. 1 (1999): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199901000-00004.

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42

MOSHANG, JOAN. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 3, no. 4 (2005): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152258-200507000-00003.

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43

&NA;. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 3, no. 4 (2005): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152258-200507000-00004.

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44

KESTEL, FRAN. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing 34, no. 6 (2004): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200406000-00045.

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45

Herman, Andrew. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 10, no. 1 (2012): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000408228.38924.4b.

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46

Thobaben, Marshelle, and Pam Blake. "Type II Diabetes." Home Health Care Management & Practice 12, no. 2 (2000): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108482230001200202.

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47

Lernmark, Åke. "Type 1 Diabetes." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 8 (1999): 1331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.8.1331.

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Abstract Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes occurs worldwide and can appear at any age. The genetic susceptibility is strongly associated with HLA-DQ and DR on chromosome 6, but genetic factors on other chromosomes such as the insulin gene on chromosome 11 and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen gene on chromosome 2 may modulate disease risk. Numerous studies further support the view that environmental factors are important. Gestational infections may contribute to initiation, whereas later infections may accelerate islet β-cell autoimmunity. The pathogenesis is strongly related to autoimmunity against the islet β cells. Markers of autoimmunity include autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulin, and islet cell antigen-2, a tyrosine phosphatase-like protein. Molecular techniques are used to establish reproducible and precise autoantibody assays, which have been subject to worldwide standardization. The diagnostic sensitivity (40–80%) and specificity (99%) of all three autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes are high, and double or triple positivity among first-degree relatives predicts disease. Combined genetic and antibody testing improved prediction in the general population despite the transient nature of these autoantibodies. Classification of diabetes has also been improved by autoantibody testing and may be used in type 2 diabetes to predict secondary failure and insulin requirement. Islet autoantibodies do not seem to be related to late complications but rather to metabolic control, perhaps because the presence of islet cell autoantibodies marks different residual β-cell function. Combined genetic and autoantibody screening permit rational approaches to identify subjects for secondary and tertiary intervention trials.

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48

Lawrence, Wanda, Sharyn Conrad, and Ann S. Moore. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 43, no. 1 (2012): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000409921.17324.c9.

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&NA;. "Type 2 diabetes." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 43, no. 1 (2012): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000410740.51779.30.

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50

Daneman, Denis. "Type 1 diabetes." Lancet 367, no. 9513 (2006): 847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68341-4.

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