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Journal articles on the topic 'Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness in working age adults'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Zhu, Xiao-feng, and Hai-dong Zou. "PEDF in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Protective Effect of Oxidative Stress." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/580687.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in working age adults, and oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of DR. Pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a multifunctional protein, has shown to inhibit the development of DR by accumulating evidence. This paper highlights the current understanding of probable mechanism about how PEDF blocks the deterioration of DR through its antioxidative properties and application prospects of PEDF as a novel therapeutic target in DR. Gene therapy of PEDF is becoming more and more acceptable and will widely be applied to the

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2

Khansari, Maziyar M., William D. O’Neill, Richard D. Penn, Norman P. Blair, and Mahnaz Shahidi. "Detection of Subclinical Diabetic Retinopathy by Fine Structure Analysis of Retinal Images." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (July 4, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5171965.

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Background and Objective. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among US working-age adults. Detection of subclinical DR is important for disease monitoring and prevention of damage to the retina before occurrence of vision loss. The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe an automated method for discrimination of subclinical DR using fine structure analysis of retinal images. Methods. Discrimination between nondiabetic control (NC; N = 16) and diabetic without clinical retinopathy (NDR; N = 17) subjects was performed using

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3

Sharma, Kusum, Vikas Malik, Alpa Agrawal, and Nikita Paliya. "Diabetic Retinopathy (DR): The Silent Threat." International Research Journal of Medicine and Surgery 02, no. 01 (2025): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjmeds.2025.v02i01.022.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common yet often undiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness if left untreated. It is a major cause of vision loss among working-age adults worldwide, with its prevalence increasing alongside the global rise in diabetes. DR results from prolonged hyperglycemia, which damages the small blood vessels of the retina, progressing from mild non-proliferative stages to severe proliferative retinopathy. In advanced stages, complications such as retinal hemorrhage and detachment may occur. Because early DR is typical

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4

Aragonès, Gemma, Sheldon Rowan, Sarah G Francisco, et al. "Glyoxalase System as a Therapeutic Target against Diabetic Retinopathy." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111062.

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Hyperglycemia, a defining characteristic of diabetes, combined with oxidative stress, results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that have adverse effects on many tissues including the retina and lens. AGEs promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, boost the production of AGEs, resulting in positive feedback loops, a vicious cycle that compromises tissue fitness. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of AGEs are etiologically associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR).

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Simó-Servat, Olga, Cristina Hernández, and Rafael Simó. "Usefulness of the Vitreous Fluid Analysis in the Translational Research of Diabetic Retinopathy." Mediators of Inflammation 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/872978.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of acquired blindness in working-age adults. Current treatments for DR (laser photocoagulation, intravitreal corticosteroids, intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, and vitreo-retinal surgery) are applicable only at advanced stages of the disease and are associated with significant adverse effects. Therefore, new pharmacological treatments for the early stages of the disease are needed. Vitreous fluid obtained from diabetic patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery is currently used to explore the events that are taking p

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Gucciardo, Erika, Sirpa Loukovaara, Petri Salven, and Kaisa Lehti. "Lymphatic Vascular Structures: A New Aspect in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 4034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124034.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic microvascular complication and major cause of blindness in working-age adults. According to the level of microvascular degeneration and ischemic damage, DR is classified into non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and end-stage, proliferative DR (PDR). Despite advances in the disease etiology and pathogenesis, molecular understanding of end-stage PDR, characterized by ischemia- and inflammation-associated neovascularization and fibrosis, remains incomplete due to the limited availability of ideal clinical samples and experimental research models. Sin

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7

Zhang, Jingfa, Jingxiang Zhang, Chaoyang Zhang, et al. "Diabetic Macular Edema: Current Understanding, Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications." Cells 11, no. 21 (2022): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11213362.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the main cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients, with its pathogenesis still not completely elucidated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DR and DME. Currently, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents remains as the first-line therapy in DME treatment due to the superior anatomic and functional outcomes. However, some patients do not respond satisfactorily to an

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8

Liu, Fang, Alan B. Saul, Prahalathan Pichavaram, et al. "Pharmacological Inhibition of Spermine Oxidase Reduces Neurodegeneration and Improves Retinal Function in Diabetic Mice." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020340.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. Lack of effective strategies to prevent or reduce vision loss is a major problem. Since the degeneration of retinal neurons is an early event in the diabetic retina, studies to characterize the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced retinal neuronal damage and dysfunction are of high significance. We have demonstrated that spermine oxidase (SMOX), a mediator of polyamine oxidation is critically involved in causing neurovascular damage in the retina. The involvement of SMOX in diabetes-induced retin

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9

Zhou, Jing, and Bo Chen. "Retinal Cell Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy." Cells 12, no. 9 (2023): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12091342.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication that occurs in diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is approximately 30% of the diabetic population and untreated DR can eventually cause blindness. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was considered a microvascular complication and clinically staged by its vascular manifestations. In recent years, emerging evidence has shown that diabetic retinopathy causes early neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration that may precede vascular pathology a

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10

Matos, Ana L., Diogo F. Bruno, António F. Ambrósio, and Paulo F. Santos. "The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (2020): 3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103169.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of legal blindness among adults of working age in developed countries. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus and about 60% of type II diabetics have DR. Several studies have tried to identify drugs and therapies to treat DR though little attention has been given to flavonoids, one type of polyphenols, which can be found in high levels mainly in fruits and vegetables, but also in other foods such as grains, cocoa, green tea or even in red wine. Flav

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11

Hu, Jinghan. "Semi-supervised Blindness Detection with Neural Network Ensemble." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 12 (August 26, 2022): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v12i.1448.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is a major cause of visual loss among the working-age population. Since DR vision loss is irreversible, early detection of DR is crucial for preventing vision loss in patients. However, manual detection of DR remains time costly and inefficient. In this paper, an ensemble of 6 pre-trained neural networks (including EfficientNets, ResNet, and Inception) are combined. The compatibility of different networks is tested by creating different combinations of networks and evaluating their relative performance. Pseudo-labelling is

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Tomić, Martina, Dario Rahelić, Tamara Poljičanin, Romano Vrabec, and Petar Raštegorac. "Telemedicine for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Croatia." Collegium antropologicum 44, no. 3 (2020): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.44.3.11.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in working-age adults associated with devastating personal and socioeconomic consequences. The increasing use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents over the past decade and telemedicine implementation in systematic DR screening resulted in a decliningtrend of new blindness due to diabetes in several countries. Telemedicine is the remote delivery of healthcare services over the telecommunications infrastructure. It allows healthcare providers to evaluate, diagnose, and treat patients without the need

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Agarwal, Lalit T., and Nisha Agrawal. "Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among self-reported adult diabetics in districts of Eastern Nepal in a community based study." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 9, no. 2 (2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v9i2.19256.

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Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working age adults around the world. Each year more and more people live with this condition, which can result in life-changing complications.Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a large community based screening programme, in order to estimate the future burden of the disease. Materials and methods: A cross sectional community based study was conducted between 1st January and 31st December 2014 in a purposive sample of adults with selfreported diabetes mellitus (D

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Kaštelan, Snježana, Ivana Orešković, Filip Bišćan, Helena Kaštelan, and Antonela Gverović Antunica. "Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy." Biochemia medica 30, no. 3 (2020): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2020.030502.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in developed countries. Numerous investigations have recognised inflammation and angiogenesis as important factors in the development of this complication of diabetes. Current methods of DR treatment are predominantly used at advanced stages of the disease and could be associated with serious side effects. Therefore, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to identify the initial stages of DR as well as monitoring the effects of app

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15

Lanzetta, Paolo, Valentina Sarao, Peter H. Scanlon, et al. "Fundamental principles of an effective diabetic retinopathy screening program." Acta Diabetologica 57, no. 7 (2020): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01506-8.

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Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults worldwide. Early detection and treatment are necessary to forestall vision loss from DR. Methods A working group of ophthalmic and diabetes experts was established to develop a consensus on the key principles of an effective DR screening program. Recommendations are based on analysis of a structured literature review. Results The recommendations for implementing an effective DR screening program are: (1) Examination methods must be suitable for the screening region, and DR classification/gr

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16

Xu, Jing, Lin-Jiang Chen, Jian Yu, et al. "Involvement of Advanced Glycation End Products in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 48, no. 2 (2018): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491897.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and devastating microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of acquired blindness in young adults. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulated under hyperglycemic conditions are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. AGEs can exert their deleterious effects by acting directly to induce aberrant crosslinking of extracellular matrix proteins, to increase vascular stiffness, altering vascular structure and function. Moreover, AGEs binding to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) evokes intensive intracellular signaling cascade

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17

Jian, Qizhi, Yingjie Wu, and Fang Zhang. "Metabolomics in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Potential Biomarkers to Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress." Cells 11, no. 19 (2022): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11193005.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) featured by metabolic disorders. With the global prevalence of diabetes, the incidence of DR is expected to increase. Prompt detection and the targeting of anti-oxidative stress intervention could effectively reduce visual impairment caused by DR. However, the diagnosis and treatment of DR is often delayed due to the absence of obvious signs of retina imaging. Research progress supports that metabolomics is a powerful tool to discover potential diag

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18

Scanlon, Peter H. "The contribution of the English NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme to reductions in diabetes-related blindness, comparisons within Europe, and future challenges." Acta Diabetologica 58, no. 4 (2021): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-021-01687-w.

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AbstractThe aim of the English NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) is to reduce the risk of sight loss amongst people with diabetes by the prompt identification and effective treatment if necessary of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy, at the appropriate stage during the disease process, with a long-term aim of preventing blindness in people with diabetes.For the year 2009–2010, diabetic retinopathy (DR) was no longer the leading cause of blindness in the working age group. There have been further reductions in DR certifications for WHO severe vision impairment and blindness from

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19

R, Sowmiya, Kalpana R, and Murugadas S. "Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Dynamic Routing CapsNet with EfficientNet Feature Extraction." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 31, no. 3 (2025): 128–45. https://doi.org/10.63278/1338.

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Diabetes patients may develop diabetic retinopathy, an eye disorder that may result in blindness and vision loss. It is considered as the major cause of blindness in the world among the working-age people. It can result in blindness if it is not discovered early. Moreover, there is no cure for DR; treatment keeps the eyesight intact. Early diagnosis and treatment of DR can greatly lower the possibility of visual loss. This paper proposes a novel Dynamic Routing-CapsNet (DR-CN) algorithm by integrating Dynamic Routing algorithm and Capsule Networks (CapsNet). The Dynamic Routing algorithm is us

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Amorim, Madania, Beatriz Martins, and Rosa Fernandes. "Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 12 (2023): 9821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129821.

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Diabetes is a prevalent global health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known inflammatory, neurovascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of preventable blindness in developed countries among working-age adults. However, the ocular surface components of diabetic eyes are also at risk of damage due to uncontrolled diabetes, which is often overlooked. Inflammatory changes in the corneas of diabetic patients indicate that inflammation plays a significant role in diabetic complications, much like in DR. The eye’s immune priv

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21

Sreng, Syna, Noppadol Maneerat, Kazuhiko Hamamoto, and Ronakorn Panjaphongse. "Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Screening System Using Hybrid Simulated Annealing and Ensemble Bagging Classifier." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (2018): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071198.

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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults globally. Primary screening of DR is essential, and it is recommended that diabetes patients undergo this procedure at least once per year to prevent vision loss. However, in addition to the insufficient number of ophthalmologists available, the eye examination itself is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Thus, an automated DR screening method using retinal images is proposed in this paper to reduce the workload of ophthalmologists in the primary screening process and so that ophthalmologists may make effective

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22

Bulum, Tomislav, Martina Tomić, Romano Vrabec, Neva Brkljačić, and Spomenka Ljubić. "Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Are Independent Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes." Biomedicines 11, no. 8 (2023): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082242.

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Background and aims: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and represents the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for DR in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with and without diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: A total of 160 patients with T2DM were included in the study. Photodocumented retinopathy status was determined according to the EURODIAB protocol. Renal function was determined using creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)

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23

Luo, Xiaoling, Chengliang Liu, Waikeung Wong, Jie Wen, Xiaopeng Jin, and Yong Xu. "MVCINN: Multi-View Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using a Deep Cross-Interaction Neural Network." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 7 (2023): 8993–9001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i7.26080.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of irreversible blindness for working-age adults. The previous models for DR detection have difficulties in clinical application. The main reason is that most of the previous methods only use single-view data, and the single field of view (FOV) only accounts for about 13% of the FOV of the retina, resulting in the loss of most lesion features. To alleviate this problem, we propose a multi-view model for DR detection, which takes full advantage of multi-view images covering almost all of the retinal field. To be specific, we design a Cross-Interaction

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Ahmed, Thiara S., Janika Shah, Yvonne N. B. Zhen, et al. "Ocular microvascular complications in diabetic retinopathy: insights from machine learning." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 12, no. 1 (2024): e003758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003758.

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IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness among working-age adults, primarily driven by ocular microvascular complications from chronic hyperglycemia. Comprehending the complex relationship between microvascular changes in the eye and disease progression poses challenges, traditional methods assuming linear or logistical relationships may not adequately capture the intricate interactions between these changes and disease advances. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microvascular involvement of diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-proliferative DR

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Romero-Aroca, Pedro, Raquel Verges, Jordi Pascual-Fontanilles, et al. "Effect of Lipids on Diabetic Retinopathy in a Large Cohort of Diabetic Patients after 10 Years of Follow-Up." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 20 (2023): 6674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206674.

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(1) Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of low vision and blindness in young adults of working age. Although the most important risk factors—such as the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and glycemic control measured by HbA1c—are known, the effects of lipids are not as clear. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of lipids on the development of DR. (2) Methods: This is a retrospective study of a population of 175,645 DM2 patients, during the period 2010 to 2020, in which the effects of different lipid factors are studied. (3) Results: The variables

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Balyen, Lokman. "New approaches in the detection and management of diabetic retinopathy in the near future." Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System 13, no. 1 (2023): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2023.13.00430.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, is a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, the incidence and prevalence of DM has been increasing as a global epidemic. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of DM and remains the major cause of preventable blindness among working-age people in most developed countries and it has a significant socioeconomic impact and source of morbidity. DR, which has long been recognized as a microvascular disease, has been demonstrated by laboratory and clinical evidence that inflammat

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He, Jianbo, Hong Wang, Ying Liu, Wen Li, Dorothy Kim, and Hu Huang. "Blockade of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 Prevents Inflammation and Vascular Leakage in Diabetic Retinopathy." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/605946.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working age adults. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) blockade on the complications of DR. Experimental models of diabetes were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) treatment or Insulin2 gene mutation (Akita) in mice. Protein expression and localization were examined by western blots (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF). mRNA expression was quantified by PCR array and real-time PCR. The activity of VEGFR1 signaling was blocked by a neutralizing antibody called

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Santiago, Gerardo Garcia, Guillermo Avalos Gonzalez, Jose M. Huerta Velazquez, Jose Maria Zepeda Torres, and Alexa Jimenez Curriel. "Diabetic retinopathy prevention and treatment options." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 10, no. 7 (2023): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20231884.

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The objective of this review article was to mention the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy to occur. Also, mention and compare the best ways to prevent this complication. Adding also a comparison of the best currently available treatments for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the first cause of visual impairment in working-age adults worldwide. Duration of diabetes is a major risk factor associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Due to the large number of patients with type 2 diabetes, this group comprises a larger proportion of the disease burden i

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Pavithran, Navya, B. K. Dhanisha, Narayan Bavalatti, and Manjusha Rajagopala. "Ayurvedic management of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema : A case report." Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports 8, no. 1 (2025): 53–58. https://doi.org/10.4103/jacr.jacr_135_23.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among working adults and is one of the major vascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is the chronic progressive disease of the retinal microvasculature associated with prolonged hyperglycemia and other conditions linked to DM such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and proteinuria. Nonproliferative DR (NPDR) is the early stage of DR and macular edema is the main reason for vision loss at this stage. A 74-year-old female patient visited the outpatient department with complaints of blurred vision, which

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Curran, Katie, Lynne Lohfeld, Nathan Congdon, et al. "Ophthalmologists’ and patients’ perspectives on treatments for diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy in Vietnam: a descriptive qualitative study." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (2022): e055061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055061.

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IntroductionGlobally, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Early detection and treatment of DR is essential for preventing sight loss. Services must be available, accessible and acceptable to patients if we are to ensure they seek such care.ObjectivesTo understand patients’ knowledge and attitudes towards laser versus antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections to treat DR in Vietnam, and to identify factors Vietnamese ophthalmologists consider when making treatment decisions.MethodsThis is a descriptive qualitative study based on sem

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Novitasari, Dian Candra Rini, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Rimuljo Hendradi, et al. "Image Fundus Classification System for Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Detection Using Hybrid CNN-DELM." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 6, no. 4 (2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040146.

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Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness suffered by working-age adults. The increase in the population diagnosed with DR can be prevented by screening and early treatment of eye damage. This screening process can be conducted by utilizing deep learning techniques. In this study, the detection of DR severity was carried out using the hybrid CNN-DELM method (CDELM). The CNN architectures used were ResNet-18, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, GoogleNet, and DenseNet. The learning outcome features were further classified using the DELM algorithm. The comparison of CNN architecture aimed to fin

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Forrest, Iain S., Kumardeep Chaudhary, Ishan Paranjpe, et al. "Genome-wide polygenic risk score for retinopathy of type 2 diabetes." Human Molecular Genetics 30, no. 10 (2021): 952–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab067.

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Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common consequence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Yet, its genetic predisposition is largely unknown. Here, we examined the polygenic architecture underlying DR by deriving and assessing a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for DR. We evaluated the PRS in 6079 individuals with T2D of European, Hispanic, African and other ancestries from a large-scale multi-ethnic biobank. Main outcomes were PRS association with DR diagnosis, symptoms and complications, and time to diagnosis, and transferability to non

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Tóth, Gábor, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, and János Németh. "A cukorbetegség szemészeti szövődményeinek modellalapú költségterhe Magyarországon." Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 8 (2021): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32031.

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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A diabeteses retinopathia minden harmadik cukorbeteget érinti a világban, és a dolgozó korú lakosság körében a vakság vezető oka. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja a diabeteses retinopathia prevalenciaalapú költségterhének meghatározása 2018-ban a 18 évnél idősebb korú lakosság körében Magyarországon. Módszer: Standardizált ’rapid assessment of avoidable blindness’ (RAAB) + diabeteses retinopathia modul alapú metodikán alapuló modellel analizáltuk a diabeteses retinopathia költségterhét. A diabeteses retinopathia okozta gazdasági terhet a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapk

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Akhter, Md Tuhin, Md Fazlul Karim Chowdhury, Tanmoy Saha, et al. "Evaluation of Ophthalmoscopic Findings in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Level Hospital." Bangladesh Medical Journal 51, no. 1 (2023): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v51i1.68511.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global burden of disease. Long standing disease causes macrovascular and microvascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and it remains a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in the working-age population in both developing and developed world. Patients with diabetes often developed other ophthalmic complications, such as corneal abnormalities, glaucoma, iris neovascularization, cataracts, and maculopathy. The study was carried out to evaluate the ophthalmoscopic changes in type-2 diabetes

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Coelho-Costa, Inês, Amanda Silva-Pereira, Pedro Mota-Moreira, et al. "Performance and Effectiveness of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Portugal: An Outcome-Based Evaluation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 10 (2025): 3344. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103344.

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Background/Objectives: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness among working-age adults. Early detection through screening programs is essential for managing the condition and preventing visual impairment. In Portugal, the national DR screening program (DR SP) targets diabetic patients, aiming to detect DR at an early stage and refer patients requiring intervention for an ophthalmology appointment. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Portuguese DR SP by analyzing patients referred for a hospital appointment following a positive screening result. M

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جهاد عبد القادر, أسامة. "The role of topical taurine ( Bestoxol ) drops in improving vision in patients with diabetic retinopathy"." Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjphs.2011.7.2.5.129.136.

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Diabetic retinopathy is not only the major cause of blindness in people with diabetes, but also in working-age adults in the Western world. There are 2 types of diabetic retinopathy: macular edema and degeneration, caused by leaky vessels in the retina; and non-proliferative leading to proliferative retinopathy, caused by the formation of new vessels in ischemic retinal vessels (1 ). Taurine is believed to play a role in treating a number of conditions, including congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, diabetes, and retinal damage(2). Dietary taurine supplements used to improve the reti

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Pu, Lucas, Oliver Beale, and Xin Meng. "Geometric Self-Supervised Learning: A Novel AI Approach Towards Quantitative and Explainable Diabetic Retinopathy Detection." Bioengineering 12, no. 2 (2025): 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020157.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults. Early detection is crucial to reducing DR-related vision loss risk but is fraught with challenges. Manual detection is labor-intensive and often misses tiny DR lesions, necessitating automated detection. Objective: We aimed to develop and validate an annotation-free deep learning strategy for the automatic detection of exudates and bleeding spots on color fundus photography (CFP) images and ultrawide field (UWF) retinal images. Materials and Methods: Three cohorts were created: two CFP cohorts (Ka

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Pomeroy, Benjamin, Alexander W. Venanzi, Wei Li, Abigail S. Hackam, and Midhat H. Abdulreda. "Fluorescence Angiography with Dual Fluorescence for the Early Detection and Longitudinal Quantitation of Vascular Leakage in Retinopathy." Biomedicines 11, no. 2 (2023): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020293.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) afflicts more than 93 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of vision loss in working adults. While DR therapies are available, early DR development may go undetected without treatment due to the lack of sufficiently sensitive tools. Therefore, early detection is critically important to enable efficient treatment before progression to vision-threatening complications. A major clinical manifestation of early DR is retinal vascular leakage that may progress from diffuse to more localized focal leakage, leading to increased retinal thickness and dia

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Tallo, Angelina S., Ari Andayani, and Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba. "Karakteristik pasien diabetic retinopathy di Poliklinik Mata RSUP Sanglah periode Januari – Desember 2020." Intisari Sains Medis 13, no. 2 (2022): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i2.1206.

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Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is known as microvascular disease. DR is a common complication in type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients which can be a major cause of vision loss in the working age population. Several studies have reported several risk factors for DR hyperglycemia, duration of DM, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to find out the description of DR patients who came to Sanglah Hospital in 2020 to increase awareness of risk factors related to DR. Method: This research is a descriptive study with an ana

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Tomić, Martina, Romano Vrabec, Spomenka Ljubić, Ingrid Prkačin, and Tomislav Bulum. "Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Higher Blood Pressure, and Infrequent Fundus Examinations Have a Higher Risk of Sight-Threatening Retinopathy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 9 (2024): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092496.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of preventable blindness among working-age adults. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the regularity of fundus examinations and risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on the prevalence and severity of DR. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six T2DM patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Results: In this sample, the prevalence of DR was 46.2%. Patients with no DR mainly did not examine the fundus regularly, while most patients with mild/moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) underwent a fundus ex

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Макконен, К. Ф., С. А. Чепурненко, Д. Р. Шмарова, et al. "INCIDENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT DIFFERENT AGES." СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ 23, no. 1 (2024): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/1682-6523.2024.23.1.023.

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Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) является наиболее частой причиной слепоты у людей трудоспособного и пожилого возраста во всем мире. В мире по данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения сахарным диабетом страдают 67,9 миллиона человек. В Российской Федерации заболеваемость ДР остаётся на высоком уровне в различных регионах страны.Цель исследования – анализ заболеваемости диабетической ретинопатии и сахарным диабетом в Тамбовской области и Российской Федерации в период с 2016 по 2021 год. По данным медицинской статистики и статистических сборников за 2016-2021 гг. была изучена распространённост

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Giyasova, AO, and NR Yangieva. "Comparing the effectiveness of brolucizumab therapy alone versus that combined with subthreshold micropulse laser exposure in the treatment of diabetic macular edema." Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31288/oftalmolzh202321620.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in working-age individuals in the developed countries. Studies have found that diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DME. Material and Methods: Eighty-two patients (153 eyes) with DME were divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 (37 patients, 68 eyes) was treated with injections of the anti-VEGF agent brolucizumab according to the one plus pro re nata (PRN) regimen (o

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Rykov, S. O., and O. V. Rybachuk. "A MODEL FOR EVALUATING OF THE PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CHEMOKINE CD54 IN THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 21, no. 1 (2025): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.1.2025.07.

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Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and/or impaired insulin secretion. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common neurovascular complication of DM, the most frequent cause of new cases of blindness among adults aged 20–74 years. A critical step in the pathogenesis of DR is the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, which is mediated by specific adhesion molecules. Among the key participants in this process is the cluster of differentiation chemokine CD54. There are tight connections between

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Church, Kaira A., Derek Rodriguez, Irene Lopez-Gutierrez, Difernando Vanegas Vanegas, Sandra M. Cardona, and Astrid E. Cardonaa. "Microglia depletion elicits neuroprotective effects to alleviate vascular damage and neuronal cell loss in the diabetic retina." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 54.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.54.14.

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Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), an incurable eye disease, is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness amongst working age adults. Prolonged high glucose levels damage retinal blood vessels leading to hemorrhages, ischemia and ultimately vision loss. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are rapidly activated and respond to transient hyperglycemia, and reset the homeostatic threshold of the retina. As hyperglycemia persists, capillary damage occurs resulting in serum proteins and DAMPs from the periphery leaking into the reti

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Wang, Jinli, Daniel A. Lai, Joshua J. Wang, and Sarah X. Zhang. "Effects of Nox4 upregulation on PECAM-1 expression in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0303010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303010.

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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. The hallmark features of DR include vascular leakage, capillary loss, retinal ischemia, and aberrant neovascularization. Although the pathophysiology is not fully understood, accumulating evidence supports elevated reactive oxygen species associated with increased activity of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) as major drivers of disease progression. Previously, we have shown that Nox4 upregulation in retinal endothelial cells by diabetes leads to increased vascular leakage by an unknown mechanism. Platelet endothelial ce

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Алифанов, И. С., В. Н. Сакович, and Т. А. Алифанова. "The Problems of Blindness and Visual Impairment due to Ocular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus in Ukraine." Офтальмология. Восточная Европа, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2020.10.4.020.

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В современном обществе на протяжении последних десятилетий зрительные нарушения приобрели характер пандемии. Самой частой причиной слепоты у взрослых в возрасте 20– 74 лет в развитых странах является диабетическая ретинопатия.Цель работы: изучить медико-социальные аспекты формирования слепоты и слабовидения пациентов с офтальмологическими осложнениями сахарного диабета в Украине.Материалы и методы. Для реализации поставленных задач нами был проведен анализ показателей первичной инвалидности ежегодного аналитико-информационного сборника«Основні показники інвалідності та діяльності медико-соціал

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Alvarez Dela Cadena, Philippe Alexander, Jose Francisco Calva Moreno, Fabiola Elizabeth Del Carpio-Cano, Rao Ajaykumar, William J. Foster, and Raul A. Dela Cadena. "Association of a Pro-Inflammatory Axis Comprised By TSP1-TGF-CTGF/CCN2 with a Decrease in Mir-19a-3p in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5552.5552.

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Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of legal blindness in working age adults in the United States with about 18 thousand new cases of blindness each year. Approximately 75% of patients with type-2 diabetes will develop some sign of retinopathy after 15 years. The healthcare costs associated with diabetes related vision loss has been estimated at $500 million annually and the cost rises significantly with the severity of DR. Therefore, preventing the progression of DR from mild non-progressive diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to progressive diabetic retinopathy (PDR) could amelio

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Alam, Kaiser, and Yusuf Akhter. "The Impacts of Unfolded Protein Response in the Retinal Cells During Diabetes: Possible Implications on Diabetic Retinopathy Development." Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 14 (February 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.615125.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening, chronic, and challenging eye disease in the diabetic population. Despite recent advancements in the clinical management of diabetes, DR remains the major cause of blindness in working-age adults. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of DR development will aid in identifying therapeutic targets. Emerging pieces of evidence from recent research in the field of ER stress have demonstrated a close association between unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated cellular activities and DR development. In this minireview article,

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Viswamithra, P. Bhaskara Rao N. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE PATTERN OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONG DIABETOLOGISTS OF VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT -A STUDY." International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research 1, no. 3 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2532510.

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<strong>Background</strong>: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness in working age adults. Because of its asymptomatic nature, most of these patients do not seek ophthalmologists’ care till the advent of visual loss. Patients who do not receive any form of educational intervention regarding Diabetes and DR, has a fourfold increased risk of developing Diabetic Retinopathy and its delayed recognition. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) look to their Diabetologists’ guidance in managing all aspects of their disease including their eye care. According to ICMR guide

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Ong’ang’o, Jane Rahedi, Olga Mashedi, Micheal Gichangi, Richard Kiplimo, Joseph Nyamori, and Kennedy Alwenya. "The diagnostic accuracy of diabetes retinopathy screening by ophthalmic clinical officers, ophthalmic nurses and county ophthalmologists against a retina specialist in 2 selected county referral hospitals, Kenya." Frontiers in Ophthalmology 3 (April 14, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1082205.

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BackgroundDiabetes is rapidly becoming a major cause of blindness among Kenyans, with the prevalence of any form of diabetes retinopathy (DR) ranging from 36% to 41%. Globally DR leads as a cause of vision loss in working age adults. In Kenya, specialized examinations are only available at national and some county referral hospitals through retina specialists, ophthalmologists or trained technicians. Thus, low coverage of retinal assessment and inadequate access to this service. An innovative DR fundus camera screening service run by ophthalmic nurses (ONs), ophthalmic clinical officers (OCOs)

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