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1
Ayele, Behailu Hawulte, Hirbo Shore Roba, Addisu Shunu Beyene, and Melkamu Merid Mengesha. "Prevalent, uncontrolled, and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among urban adults in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: A population-based cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212097523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120975235.
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Objective: Globally, 8.8% of adults were estimated to have diabetes mellitus, with the low-and middle-income countries sharing the largest burden. However, the research evidence for targeted interventions is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, disaggregated by the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus morbidity and associated factors among adults in Dire Dawa town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Data from a total of 872 randomly sampled adults aged 25–64 years were obtained for analysis using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factors surveillance instruments. We estimated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus disaggregated by the previous diabetes mellitus diagnosis status and by the current blood sugar level control status. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify correlates of diabetes mellitus, along with STATA version 14.2 for data management and analysis. All statistical tests were declared significant at p-value < 0.05. Results: 14.9% (95% confidence interval: 12.1, 17.4) of adults aged 25–64 years had diabetes mellitus in the study sample with 58.5% (95% confidence interval: 49.7, 66.7) on diabetes mellitus medication. Among adults currently taking diabetes mellitus medications, 30.3% (95% confidence interval: 19.8, 45.6) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The magnitude of previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.8, 8.0) in the study sample and 41.5% (95% confidence interval: 33.3, 50.3) among the diabetics. The odds of diabetes mellitus were higher among adults over the age of 55 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 3.6), currently married adults (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 4.4), and overweight adults (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.1). Adults with primary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.8) and no formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.9) had lower odds of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults was high in Dire Dawa, with a third of the diabetics having poor control of their blood sugar levels and, nearly four in ten were previously undiagnosed. Adults who were overweight, currently married, and those over 55 years need to be targeted for regular diabetes health checkups and community-based screening. Also, a mechanism should be instituted to track a patient’s adherence to medications and promote diabetes self-care management.
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Gebabo, Teshale Fikadu, Tadiwos Hailu Zewdie, Sewunet Sako Shagaro, and Firehiwot Haile. "Determinants of peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients under follow-up in chronic care clinics of public hospitals at Gamo and Gofa zones, southern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246722.
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Background Peripheral neuropathy is a leading cause of morbidity and increased mortality among diabetic patients. It is characterized by significant deficits in vibration and tactile sensation. With an annual incidence of 2%, it affects as many as 110 million people worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients in chronic care clinic in Gamo and Gofa zone, South Ethiopia. Methods An institution- based unmatched case control study was employed among 528 randomly selected participants using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered, and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identifiy determinants of peripheral neuropathy using IBM SPSS version 25. Result The odds of being an urban dweller was 2.67 times higher among cases than controls [AOR = 2.67 (1.27, 5.63)]. The likelihood of fasting blood glucose level between 203 and 282 and 282 and above was 2.55 and 3.88 times higher among cases than controls [AOR = 2.55 (1.91, 7.16)] and [AOR = 3.88 (1.42, 10.60)] respectively. The probability of living with diabetes mellitus for 10 and more years was 3.88 times higher among cases than controls [AOR = 3.88 (1.42, 10.60)]. The odds of controlling glucose level after developing symptom was 5.33 times higher among cases than controls [AOR = 5.33 (1.28, 12.24)]. The probability of having high blood pressure was 2.36 times higher among cases than controls [AOR = 2.36 (1.26, 4.43)]. The likelihood of having a family history of complication from diabetes mellitus was 5.60 times higher among cases than controls [AOR = 5.60 (2.03, 15.43)]. The odds of exercising 3 times per week for 15 to 30 minutes and for less than 15 minutes were 2.96 and 4.92 times higher among cases than controls respectively [AOR = 2.96 (1.32, 6.61)] and AOR = 4.92, 95% CI (1.85, 13.04) respectively. The likelihood of having a waist circumference greater than or equal to 40 inch was 2.72 times higher among cases than controls [AOR = 2.72 (1.07, 6.94)]. Conclusion This study showed that residence, duration of diabetic mellitus, family history of complication from diabetic mellitus, level of fasting blood glucose, method of glycemic control, having a high blood pressure/hypertension/, frequency and duration of physical activity and waist circumference were found to be determinants of peripheral neuropathy. Thus, the concerned health authorities and health professionals should target on these factors in their efforts to prevent peripheral neuropathy among diabetics in the study area.
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Tsega, Gebeyehu, Gebremariam Getaneh, and Getasew Taddesse. "Are Ethiopian diabetic patients protected from financial hardship?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245839.
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Background Globally, diabetes mellitus exerts an economic burden on patients and their families. However, the economic burden of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors were not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the economic burden of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among diabetic patients in public hospitals of Bahir Dar city administration, Ethiopia. Methods Across sectional study was conducted on 422 diabetic patients. The patients were selected by simple random sampling method. The prevalence-based model was used to estimate the costs on patients’ perspective. Bottom up and human capital approaches were used to estimate the direct and indirect costs of the patients respectively. Wealth index was constructed using principal component analysis by SPSS. Forty percent of nonfood threshold level was used to measure catastrophic diabetic care expenditure of diabetic patients. Whereas, the World Bank poverty line (the $1.90-a-day poverty line) was used to measure impoverishment of patients due to expenses of diabetes mellitus care. Data were entered by Epi data version 3.1and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used. Results Four hundred one respondents were interviewed with response rate of 95%. We found that 239 (59.6%) diabetic patients incurred catastrophic diabetic care expenditure at 40% nonfood threshold level. Whereas, 20 (5%) diabetic patients were impoverished by diabetic care spending at the $1.90-a-day poverty line. Educational status of respondent, educational status of the head of household, occupation and wealth status were statistically associated with the catastrophic diabetic care expenditure. Conclusions The study revealed that the economic burden of diabetic care is very disastrous among the less privileged populations: the less educated, the poorest and unemployed. Therefore, all concerned stakeholders should design ways that can reduce the financial hardship of diabetic care among diabetic patients.
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Ayele, Behailu Hawulte, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, and Tewodros Tesfa. "Predictors of self-care activities of outpatient diabetic residents in Harar and Dire Dawa: A hospital-based cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211986564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119865646.
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Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of major public health importance due to its prevalence and potential health complication. The success of long-term maintenance therapy of diabetes patients depends largely on their ability to adherence to self-care practices. Africa’s most populous country, Ethiopia, has the highest burden of diabetes mellitus. However, studies on self-care activities of diabetic patients are limited. Therefore, this study measures the level of self-care activities of diabetic patients in a follow-up clinic of public hospitals in Harar and Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 randomly selected diabetic patients in Harar and Dire Dawa. A standard diabetic self-care activity interview tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi-data v 3.1 and STATA v 14.2 was used for analysis. Our outcome variable, self-care activities, has three ordered categories and a robust Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors. All statistical tests with p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The self-care activities of study participants were rated good for 38.1% (95% confidence interval: 32.94, 43.60). Being rural residents (adjusted odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.82), attended secondary education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.51, 5.78), uncontrolled blood glucose (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.79), and had diabetic complications (one, adjusted odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 3.38; two or more, adjusted odds ratio = 4.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.81, 12.25) were significantly associated with the better diabetes mellitus self-care activities. Conclusion: Significant number of diabetes mellitus patients living in rural areas did not adhere to diabetic self-care activities. This is more evident among participants who have limited or no formal education and patients with controlled blood glucose level. Therefore, individualized diabetic lifestyle education programs in follow-up clinics should target these population groups to improve self-care.
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Mariam, Tesfamichael G., Abebaw Alemayehu, Eleni Tesfaye, et al. "Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Associated Factors among Adult Diabetic Patients Who Attend the Diabetic Follow-Up Clinic at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2879249.
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is characterized by multiple long-term complications that affect almost every system in the body. Foot ulcers are one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus. However, there is limited evidence on the occurrence of foot ulcer and influencing factors in Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar University Hospital, Ethiopia, to investigate foot ulcer occurrence in diabetic patients. Systematic random sampling was used to select 279 study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Diabetic foot ulcer was found to be 13.6%. Rural residence [AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.42, 5.93], type II diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.22, 6.45], overweight [AOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.10], obesity [AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.25, 5.83], poor foot self-care practice [AOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.21, 6.53], and neuropathy [AOR = 21.76; 95% CI: 8.43, 57.47] were factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic foot ulcer was found to be high. Provision of special emphasis for rural residence, decreasing excessive weight gain, managing neuropathy, and promoting foot self-care practice would decrease diabetic foot ulcer.
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Hurisa, Abdisa D., and Getandale Z. Negera. "Erectile Dysfunction among Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Hospital of Southwest Ethiopia." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (2020): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010240.
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Background: Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Few studies have examined the prevalence of ED among men diabetic patients in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of ED among diabetic patients in a tertiary hospital of Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on male diabetic patients on follow-up at the diabetic clinic of Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Southwest Ethiopia. Results: 350 male diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. The mean (+SD) age of the study participants was 47.9 (+12.2) years. The majority, 212 (60.4%) of the diabetic patients had varying degrees of ED and almost all, 207 (97.6%) of the patients were not treated for ED. Independent predictors of ED were older age (AOR: 4.6; 95%CI: [2.84, 7.55]; p<0.001) and longer duration of diabetes (AOR: 3.5; 95%CI: [2.12, 5.70]; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study confirmed a high prevalence of ED in diabetic male patients in Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Periodic assessment and management of ED should be a routine part of the diabetic care, particularly for those aged above 40 years and living with diabetes mellitus for many years.
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Sisay Gedamu, Addis, Kassahun Sewunet Ademe, Ayele Samuel Anteneh, Nega Abebe Dires, and Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw. "Self-care practice and associated factors among type 2 adult diabetic patients on follow up clinic of Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia." Clinical Journal of Nursing Care and Practice 5, no. 1 (2021): 031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.cjncp.1001034.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in the world and Africa including Ethiopia. Its complication is the major cause of morbidity and mortality of people due to improper self-care practice. Objective: To assess self-care practices and associated factors among type 2 adult diabetic patients on follow-up clinic of Dessie referral hospital, Ethiopia. Method: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted. Total of 278 type 2 diabetic patients was selected by systematic random sampling technique and data was collected by interviewer administered pretested questionnaire. Epidata 3.1 and SPSS version 23 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. In bivariate analysis, variables having a p - value of < 0.2 were entered to multivariate analysis model and statistical significance was declared at p - value of < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: The response rate was 269 (96.76%) of the total 278 participants. Among the respondents 150(55.8%) had good diabetic self-care practice. This study showed that primary school education level (AOR=2.592, 95%CI=1.104-6.087, p = 0.029), secondary school education level (AOR=3.873, 95%CI=1.325-11.323, p = 0.013), college/university graduate (AOR=3.030, 95%CI=1.276-7.197, 0.012), attended diabetic education regularly (AOR=2.981, 95%CI=1.050-8.462, p = 0.040), member of diabetic association (AOR=3.496, 95%CI=1.440-8.483, p = 0.006) and having glucometer at home (AOR=2.634, 95%CI=1.357-5.111, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with diabetes self-care practice. Conclusion: Nearly half of diabetic patients had poor self care practice. Hence, there is a need to improve diabetic self-care practice. Attention should be given by policy makers, Dessie referral hospital, health care professionals, diabetic associations and researchers.
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Seid, Awole, and Yosief Tsige. "Knowledge, Practice, and Barriers of Foot Care among Diabetic Patients Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia." Advances in Nursing 2015 (February 11, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/934623.
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Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by an increased blood glucose level and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and increasing health care cost. Diabetic foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations are a common, complex, costly, and disabling complication of diabetes. An estimated 15% of patients with diabetes develop a lower extremity ulcer. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, practice, and barriers of diabetic foot self-care among diabetic patients attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Method. Institution based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 313 diabetic patients using convenient sampling technique. Furthermore, descriptive statistics and binary and multivariate logistic regression were employed to assess the predicators of knowledge and practice of diabetic foot care. Result. Majority of respondents were males (64.9%). The mean age was 39.1 ± 16. The mean knowledge score was 7.5 ± 2.02 of which 56.2% and 43.8% had good and poor knowledge of foot care, respectively. The mean practice score was 25.2 ± 6.466 of which 53.0% had good and the remaining 47.0% had poor foot care practice. Of 162 respondents having barriers, 56.8% reported “poor communication between patients and health care providers,” 50.6% cited “I did not know what to do,” and 44.4% responded “inconveniency for work” as barriers of foot care. Conclusion and Recommendation. Knowledge and practice of foot care of diabetic patients are still substandard. Poor communication between patients and nurses/physicians, lack of adequate knowledge, and inconveniency for work were commonly cited barriers of foot care. Policy makers should initiate interventional foot care education program throughout the regional state. The study hospital should consider establishing a specialized diabetic clinic in which foot care education can easily be integrated into follow-up care.
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Dagnew, Baye, Getu Debalkie Demissie, and Dessie Abebaw Angaw. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Good Self-Care Practice among People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopia: A National Call to Bolster Lifestyle Changes." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (February 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8896896.
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Background. Self-care practice is the mainstay of management for good glycemic control. Despite the presence of a few pocket studies, no comprehensive study was conducted in Ethiopia to demonstrate the overall good self-care practice among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, we intended to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall good self-care practice among people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ethiopia. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane library, Google scholar, and direct Google to retrieve relevant studies. Forest plot was used to present the pooled estimate of good self-care practice using DerSimonian and Laird’s random-effects model. We checked publication bias using Egger’s test and funnel plot. Potential heterogeneity was tested using the I-squared statistic. Moreover, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results. In this review, 12 primary studies (with a total sample size of 4030) were included. Because of the presence of heterogeneity, we employed a random-effects model. After running the random-effects model, the pooled estimate of overall good self-care practice was 51.12% (95% CI: 41.90–60.34). Furthermore, the pooled estimate of good dietary practice was 50.18% (95% CI: 32.75–67.60), good physical exercise practice was 48.29% (95% CI: 34.14–62.43), the good footcare practice was 63.61% (95% CI: 45.56–81.66), and appropriate self-monitoring of the blood glucose level was 31.89% (95% CI: −4.62–68.41). In this meta-analysis, there was serious interstudy variation, but there was no publication bias. Conclusions. The overall good self-care practice among people living with T2DM was low which necessitates the need for designing strategies to increase the self-care practice. The health sector has to bolster awareness creation to allow better plasma glucose control and preventing diabetes-related complications. This trial is registered with CRD42019147694.
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Oluma, Adugna, Muktar Abadiga, Getu Mosisa, and Werku Etafa. "Magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control among patients with diabetes attending public hospitals of Western Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0247634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247634.
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Background Diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases globally, which rapidly is increasing in developing countries. Ethiopia is also facing growing morbidity and mortality related to diabetes complications. Thus, dealing with glycemic control is essential for controlling the development of devastating acute and chronic complications related to diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to assess the magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in western Ethiopia. Methods The cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 423 diabetic patients. A systematic random sampling method was employed. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. The data entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. All variables significant at p-<0.25 in bivariate were entered into multivariate analysis. The multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine predictors’ poor glycemic control by considering the Adjusted Odds Ratio at CI 95% and the significance level was set at p <0.05. Results The magnitude of poor glycemic control was 64.1%. Being females (AOR = 1.684,95%CI = 1.066,2.662), duration of diabetes >8years (AOR = 2.552,95%CI = 1.397, 4.665), presence of diabetes complication (AOR = 2.806,95%CI = 1.594,4.941), negligence of blood glucose test at home (AOR = 1.720, 95%CI = 1.078, 2.743), poor self-care behavior (AOR = 1.787, 95%CI = 1.083,2.959) and poor self-efficacy (AOR = 1.934, 95%CI = 1.078,3.469) were significant predictors of poor glycemic control. Conclusion The proportion of poor glycemic control was high which was nearly comparable to that reported from many countries. This could be due to factors that were significantly associated with poor glycemic control like lack of home blood glucose test, increased duration of diabetes, presence of diabetes complications, poor self-efficacy, and poor self-care behaviors. Each were significant independent predictors of poor glycemic control. Thus, we recommend patients with diabetes and health care providers enhancing self-monitoring practices, and preventing potential complications should be a priority concern to improve blood glucose levels. Further studies are also recommended to explore important factors which were not identified by the current study.
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Mellor, Lorna, and Penny Hoskins. "Problems of Diabetes Education in Different Cultures." Diabetes Educator 12, no. 4 (1986): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572178601200409.
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Views of diabetes educa tion in several parts of the world are presented. Im pressions of diabetes care in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and in various Australian cultures are discussed.
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Kebede, Sewnet Adem, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, and Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet. "Prevalence of Anaemia and Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital." Anemia 2021 (February 10, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627979.
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Background. Anaemia is one of the commonest blood disorders seen in patients with diabetes. In Ethiopia, chronic illnesses are tremendously raising with their complications. But very little research has been conducted, particularly on anaemia among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was employed at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 1 to April 15, 2019, among 372 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted, and the corresponding adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI were used to identify factors associated with anaemia. Level of significance was declared at the p value less than 0.05. Results. The study revealed 8.06% (95% CI: 5.68–11.31%) of the participants were anaemic. Being male (AOR = 2.74, CI: 1.02, 7.38), combined type of treatment (AOR = 8.38, CI: 1.66, 42.25), having diabetes-related microvascular complications (AOR = 3.24, CI: 1.14, 9.26), and hypertension (AOR = 0.01, CI: 0.002, 0.06) were the significant factors associated with anaemia. Conclusions. The finding of the current study revealed low prevalence of anaemia among T2DM patients. Sex, type of treatment, diabetes-related microvascular complications, and hypertension were factors associated with anaemia. Assessment of haemoglobin levels among T2DM patients may help to prevent ensuing microvascular complications. Incorporate anaemia screening into the routine assessment of diabetic complication particularly for those who are hypertensive and took combined treatment to allow early appreciation and treatment of anaemia and later improve the overall care of patients with diabetes.
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Alemu, Tadesse, Tirhas Tadesse, and Getasew Amogne. "Glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211023000.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the level of glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size was determined using a single proportion formula and 245 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in this study. Systematic sampling method was used to select the study subjects. Standard questionnaire was used to collect patient’s biographic data, economic data, self-care activities, and patient compliance to medications. Summary statistics of a given data were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to measure the relationship between the outcome and predictor variable. Direction and strength of association was expressed using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Result: More than three-fourth, 191 (80.3%) of diabetic patients had poor glycemic control. Poor glycemic control was found to be 7.03 times higher among diabetic patients with duration of 5–10 years (adjusted odds ratio = 7.03, 95% confidence interval = 2.7–18.6). Similarly, diabetic patients with a duration of above 10 years were poorly controlled their blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.028–5.08) in comparison to diabetic patients with a duration of fewer than 5 years. It was also found that compliance with a specific diet was significantly associated with good control of blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–11.13). Conclusion: The magnitude of patients with poor glycemic control was high. Duration of diabetes and non-compliance with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and diets low in fat and sugar were significantly related to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Therefore, developing strategies targeted toward improving blood glucose control with special attention to diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with a duration of ⩾5 years and those who poorly comply with their diet was strongly recommended.
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Abate, Teshager Weldegiorgis, Getenet Dessie, Yinager Workineh, et al. "Non-adherence to self-care and associated factors among diabetes adult population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0245862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245862.
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Background Self-care practice among people with diabetes is not well-implemented in Ethiopia. So far, in Ethiopia, several observational studies have been done on self-care practice and its determinants in people with diabetes. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of strong evidence for designing intervention is lacking. So, this review with a meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap. Methods A systematic review of an observational study is conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Three reviewers have been searched and extracted from the World Health Organization’s Hinari portal (SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Articles’ quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers, and only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the final analysis. The review presented the pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care practice in people with diabetes and the odds ratios of risk factors hindering to self-care practice after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. The review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD 42020149478. Results We included 21 primary studies (with 7,134 participants) in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care in the diabetes population was 49.91 (95% CI: 44.73–55.08, I2 = 89.8%). Male (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 1.84 95%CI; 1.04–2.64, I2 = 15.0%), having private glucometer (POR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.46–3.95, I2 = 0.0%), short-term Diabetes Mellitus (DM) duration (POR: 3.69; 95%CI: 1.86–5.52, I2 = 0.0%), DM complication (POR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.48–2.95, I2 = 0.0%), treatment satisfaction (POR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.15–2.44, I2 = 0.0%), received diabetes self-management education (POR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.46–3.95, I2 = 0.0%) and poor self-efficacy (POR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.70–4.48, I2 = 0.0%) were statistically significant factors of non-adherence to self-care practice. Conclusions The overall pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care among adult diabetes in Ethiopia was high. Further works would be needed to improve self-care practice in the diabetes population. So, factors that were identified might help to revise the plan set by the country, and further research might be required to health facility fidelity and each domain of self-care practice according to diabetes self-management guideline.
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Mengistu, Yordanos, Gobena Dedefo, Mesay Arkew, et al. "Effect of Regular Khat Chewing on Serum Fasting Sugar Level in Diabetic patients versus Healthy Individuals; A comparative study." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863882110352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786388211035220.
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Background: Khat chewing is a long standing social-cultural habit in several countries. Even though many people chew khat simply for its pleasurable and stimulatory effect, evidence showed widely-held belief among khat chewers in Ethiopia and other part of the world that khat helps to lower blood glucose while some studies are contradicted on the effect of khat. There is limited data about khat’s effect on blood glucose especially in our setting, Harar estern Ethiopia. Objective: Primarily the present study aims to compare fasting blood sugar level among khat chewer diabetic and healthy individuals, and to asses risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Method: A cross-sectional study included 200 confirmed diabetic and healthy subjects. Fasting blood sugar was determined by enzymatic method glucose oxidase and glucose hexokinase. Glycemic control was also determined for diabetic subjects based on the last 2-month diabetic clinic visits and current measurement. Result: (Median ± IQR [interquartile range]) fasting blood sugar difference among Khat chewer and non khat chewer were 159 ± 83 mg/dl and 202 ± 79 mg/dl respectively in diabetic subjects when tested by glucose oxidase. Similarly, in healthy non khat chewer and khat chewer, khat chewers has lower (Median ± IQR) fasting blood glucose level 82 ± 18 mg/dl than non khat chewers 94 ± 13 mg/dl when tested by glucose oxidase. Regarding risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects, positive parental diabetes history, insulin medication, being overweight, obese were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: There was significant effect of khat on median FBS among khat chewers in diabetic and healthy individuals. And the proportion of glycemic control was high among diabetic subjects. Recommendation: Health care professional and patients should manage the risk factors to delay disease progression and restrain the damage. More studies should be conducted in randomized control trial manner to further elucidate khat effect on blood sugar level so that the actual effect of khat can be identified unlike in cross sectional where there may not be strong causal relationship.
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Mekashaw, Ewunetie, Birhanu Demeke, and Mesfin Haile. "Recognition of symptoms, mitigating mechanisms and self-care experiences of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia." Emerald Open Research 3 (August 24, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.14312.2.
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Background: Compliance of patients with self-care practices is the mainstay of measures to manage diabetes. This study explored self-care practices of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia. Methods: The study employed an interpretive phenomenological approach using purposive sampling. The data were collected from 24 (11 males and 13 females) participants (July 2019 to January 2020) using in-depth interviews till theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed thematically and organized using QDA Miner Lite v2.0.8. Results: The findings were categorized into: labeling diabetes, self-care maintenance experiences, recognition of symptoms, and mitigating mechanisms of symptoms. The self-care maintenance practice of patients was linked with diet input preferences and the effectiveness level of insulin. What guides the self-care behavior was the patients’ preferentiality of strictly adhering to their preferred dietary inputs. Barley and wheat were the most common preferential and non-preferential inputs, respectively. The patients strictly adhered to insulin treatment because they found it effective. The most common hyperglycemia symptoms to be managed by taking an additional dose of insulin, were frequent urination, increased thirst, and their consequences (dehydration). Excessive sweating (initial), shivering (middle), and falling (final), respectively in severity, were the most common symptoms of hypoglycemia which were perceived to be treated with sweet snacks. Originality: To our knowledge, this is the first research in Ethiopia to investigate the self-care experiences of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin using an interpretive phenomenological approach.
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Mekashaw, Ewunetie, Birhanu Demeke, and Mesfin Haile. "Recognition of symptoms, mitigating mechanisms and self-care experiences of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia." Emerald Open Research 3 (July 28, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.14312.1.
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Background: Compliance of patients with self-care practices is the mainstay of measures to manage diabetes. This study explored self-care practices of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia. Methods: The study employed an interpretive phenomenological approach using purposive sampling. The data were collected from 24 (11 males and 13 females) participants (July 2019 to January 2020) using in-depth interviews till theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed thematically and organized using QDA Miner Lite v2.0.8. Results: The findings were categorized into: labeling diabetes, self-care maintenance experiences, recognition of symptoms, and mitigating mechanisms of symptoms. The self-care maintenance practice of patients was linked with diet input preferences and the effectiveness level of insulin. What guides the self-care behavior was the patients’ preferentiality of strictly adhering to their preferred dietary inputs. Barley and wheat were the most common preferential and non-preferential inputs, respectively. The patients strictly adhered to insulin treatment because they found it effective. The most common hyperglycemia symptoms to be managed by taking an additional dose of insulin, were frequent urination, increased thirst, and their consequences (dehydration). Excessive sweating (initial), shivering (middle), and falling (final), respectively in severity, were the most common symptoms of hypoglycemia which were perceived to be treated with sweet snacks. Originality: To our knowledge, this is the first research in Ethiopia to investigate the self-care experiences of type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin using an interpretive phenomenological approach.
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Eshetu, Bajrond, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Bazie Mekonnen, and Woreknesh Daba. "Birth Outcomes among Diabetic Mothers Who Delivered in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Advances in Medicine 2019 (August 7, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6942617.
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Introduction. Diabetes develops in 4% of all the pregnancies worldwide, and its prevalence ranges from 1 to 14%, and 7% are complicated and results in prenatal morbidity and mortality. The disease affects women and their babies during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. However, little is known about its prevalence, birth outcomes, and associated factors in the study setting. Method. A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was done on all deliveries attended from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, to determine the prevalence of diabetes and birth outcome. The mothers who had complete data record were identified and consecutively reviewed. The data were entered in EpiData Version 4.2 and exported to SPSS Version 23.0 for analysis. Results. Of the 14039 women who gave birth during the study period, 2.6% of them had diabetes mellitus, and from reviewed data, 54.6% had gestational diabetes and 45.4% had pregestational diabetes. Out of the diabetic mothers, 57.8% delivered by cesarean section, 39.9% by spontaneous vaginal delivery, and 26% of the pregnancies ended up with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Regarding the fetal outcome, 17.9% were preterm delivery, 17.6% macrocosmic, 9.2% respiratory distress, 10.1% low birth weight, and 65% admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. Class I obesity and history of PIH were associated with adverse maternal outcomes at aOR = 95%CI 3.8 (1.29, 8.319) and aOR = 95%CI 2.1 (1.03, 4.399), respectively. Being a house wife and preterm deliveries were associated with adverse fetal outcomes at aOR = 95%CI 2.117 (1.315, 3.405) and aOR = 95%CI 9.763 (4.560, 20.902), respectively. Conclusion. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus delivered in the hospital was 2.6%. Class I obesity and previous history of pregnancy-induced hypertension were significantly associated with adverse maternal outcomes, whereas preterm delivery and being housewife were associated with adverse fetal outcome.
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Woticha, Eskinder Wolka, Wakgari Deressa, and Ahmed Reja. "Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors in Southern Ethiopia." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. 1 (2018): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i1.21331.
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Background: Presence of gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy has serious complications for both mother and child. Its burden is increasing in low and middle-income countries but, little is known about its contribution in Ethiopia.
 Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and to identify associated factors in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
 Materials and Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was carried out from August 2017 to October 2017 in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 518 pregnant women were participated from 2 hospitals and 4 health centers. Capillary blood samples were collected at fasting and 2 hours after 75gm glucose load to measure blood sugar and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus was made by using 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Binary logistic regression model was applied to assess risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus.
 Results: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 4.2% (95% CI, 2.5, 6.2) with mean post glucose load level of 160.1 mg/dl (6.3) and 15(4%) among urban residents and 7(4.9%) among rural residents. The proportion of gestational diabetes mellitus increases with increase in number of pregnancies. Previous history of spontaneous abortion (AOR: 3.5; 95%CI: 1.7-14.6), family history of type II diabetes (AOR: 4.3; 95%CI: 1.3-8.7) and previous caesarean section (AOR: 7.5; 95%CI: 1.3-14.4) were found to be significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.
 Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus is higher as compared to other studies conducted in the country. Strengthening screening, care and prevention strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus are important to improve maternal and child health.
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Abdissa, Daba, Tesfaye Adugna, Urge Gerema, and Diriba Dereje. "Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Associated Factors among Adult Diabetic Patients on Follow-Up Clinic at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019: An Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4106383.
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Background. Diabetic foot ulceration is a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus and is a major source of morbidity and mortality. So far, there are few published data on diabetic foot ulcers and its determinants among diabetic patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer and its determinants among patients with diabetes mellitus at Jimma Medical Center. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to August 30, 2019, and systematic random sampling technique was applied. The total number of study subjects who participated in the study was 277. Data were collected using an interview-administered structured questionnaire. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. A variable having a p value of <0.25 in the bivariate model was subjected to multivariate analysis to avoid confounding the variable’s effect. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated at 95% confidence interval and considered significant with a p value of ≤0.05. Result. The mean of age of participants was 50.1±14.19 years. More than three-fourths of participants (82.7%) were type 2 DM. The mean duration of diabetic patients was 6.00±5.07 years. The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 11.6% among study participants. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, previous history of ulceration (AOR=5.77; 95% CI: 2.37, 14.0) and peripheral neuropathy (AOR=11.2; 95% CI: 2.8, 44.4) were independent predictors of diabetic foot ulcer. Conclusion. The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 11.6%. Previous history of ulceration and peripheral neuropathy were associated with diabetic foot ulcer. The health care providers are recommended to thoroughly give emphasis during follow-up of patients who had previous history of ulceration and peripheral neuropathy in order to decrease the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcer.
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Hilemariam, Fantu, Kassahun Ketema, and Melese Linger Endalifer. "Complementary feeding practice and associated factors among children aged 6 to 12 months attending governmental health facilities in Addis Ababa: Ethiopia." Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 13, no. 3 (2020): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mnm-200406.
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BACKGROUND: Inappropriate feeding practices, coupled with high rates of infectious diseases, are the proximate causes of malnutrition during the first two years of life. Around 10 million under-five children died annually of which over one-third were due to inappropriate complementary feeding. OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with timely initiation of complementary feeding among children aged 6 to 12 months in public health care facilities of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions analyses were performed. Variables with p-value ≤0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The proportion of timely initiation of complementary feeding was 65.2% (95% CI = 60.8, 69.5). Being married [AOR = 2.622, 95% CI: 1.182–5.817], belongs to 18–24 years age at first marriage [AOR = 1.671, 95% CI: 1.019–2.742], being grade 9 and above [AOR = 1.910, 95% CI: 1.401–2.258], average income > 1500 Ethiopian birr [AOR = 2.138, 95% CI: 1.762–2.347], and postnatal care follow up [AOR = 1.641, 95% CI:1.435–3.224] were significantly associated with complementary feeding. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the magnitude of timely initiation complementary feeding was higher as compared to the country level figure. Implementing nutrition strategy which scales-up mother’s living standards improve complementary feedings practices.
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Weldesenbet, Adisu Birhanu, Sewnet Adem Kebede, and Biruk Shalmeno Tusa. "Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 2 (2021): 030006052199331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060521993318.
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Objectives We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ethiopia and to identify its associated factors. Methods We performed a systematic search of scientific databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect); the grey literature was also searched (Google, Google Scholar). Data were extracted from primary studies using a data extraction format and exported for statistical analysis. I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. Owing to heterogeneity among the included studies, we used a random-effects model to determine pooled estimates of ED. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Results The pooled prevalence of ED among patients with DM in Ethiopia was 54.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.2–80.5). Older age (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 2.83–6.00) and duration of DM (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.74–4.66) had statistically significant associations with ED. Conclusion One in two individuals with DM in Ethiopia also had ED. This finding highlights the need to integrate assessment and management of ED into routine medical care in diabetes follow-up visits. Special attention is recommended for patients with older age and a longer duration of DM.
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Korsa, Ayana Tadesse, Edao Sado Genemo, Habte Gebeyehu Bayisa, and Mohammed Gebre Dedefo. "Diabetes Mellitus Complications and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients in Selected Hospitals of West Ethiopia." Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874192401913010041.
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Background / Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. The prevalence might even be higher in low-income countries. As a result, type 1 and type 2 DM and their complications are imposing a high burden on patients (e.g. hospitalization, disability and death). In Ethiopia, there are limited studies focusing on the complications of type 1 and type 2 DM. Thus, we assessed the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 DM complications and associated factors in selected hospitals in western Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 257 adult patients with DM attending the chronic care clinics of Nedjo general and Nekemte referral hospitals. The study was carried out between March 1 and April 30, 2016 using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire and chart review. Results: Of the 257 patients, 87 (33.9%) had ≥1 DM complication. Acute and chronic complications accounted for 9.3% and 24.5% of the total DM patients, respectively. The age of the patients (p=0.024), family history of DM (p=0.038), DM duration (p=0.015), DM regimen (p=0.041), and the occurrence of other chronic diseases (p=0.006) were significantly associated with DM complications. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that 1 out of 3 adults with DM have ≥1 complication in our chronic ambulatory care clinics. Diabetic keto-acidosis was the most common acute complication whereas hypertension was the most common chronic complication. The presence of DM complications was associated with the age of the patients, duration of DM, family history of DM, DM regimen and the presence of other chronic diseases.
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Molalign Takele, Goitom, Medina Abdulkadir Weharei, Hiyab T/Michael Kidanu, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebrekidan, and Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis. "Diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in public hospitals of Tigray regional state, Ethiopia: A multicenter study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250462.
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Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing steadily at an alarming rate. Ethiopia is placed fourth among the top five countries of the African region members of the international diabetes federation. This study aimed to determine the level of diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending public hospitals of the Tigray region. Methods An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in six selected hospitals of Tigray region from January to February 2020. Study participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling method. Diabetes self-care practice was assessed using Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) assessment tool. The data were collected by trained nurses via face-to-face interview. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with self-care practices. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results A total of 570 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. The mean (SD) age of the participant was 46 (±14.6) years. Less than half (46.7%) of the participants had good diabetes self-care practices. Surprisingly, only 68 (11.9%) of the participants had access to a personal glucometer. Urban residency (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.20–2.94), age group 48–63 years (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.19–3.98), not having a formal education (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.32–5.25), having family support (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.24–2.85), and having a personal glucometer at home (AOR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.83–13.0) were the factors associated with good diabetes self-care practices. Conclusion The diabetes self-care practice in the region was found to be poor. Where factors like, being an urban resident, age group between 49–63 years, not having a formal education, and having a personal glucometer at home were associated with good self-care practices. Health care providers might have to consider actions to act on the identified factors and improve the level of self-care practices of the patients.
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Woldeamanuel, Berhanu Teshome, and Tigist Tigabie Tesfaye. "Risk Factors Associated with Under-Five Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight Based on Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Datasets in Tigray Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (December 20, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6967170.
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Background. Stunting, wasting, and underweight among children are major problems in most regions of Ethiopia, including the Tigray region. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight of children in the Tigray region. Methods. The information collected from 1077 children born 5 years before the survey was considered in the analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant risk factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results. Male children and rural born were having a higher burden of both severe and moderate stunting, wasting, and underweight than females and urban born. Among male children, 27.6%, 4.10%, and 14.2% of them were stunted, wasted, and underweight, respectively. Protected drinking water (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.50, 0.92)) was associated with stunting. Maternal age at birth less than 20 years (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: (0.45, 0.97)) and being male (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: (1.13, 3.68)) were associated with high risk of underweight. No antenatal care follow-up (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: (1.04, 4.64)) was associated with wasting, while the poor wealth index, diarrhea, low weight at birth (<2.5 kg), lower age of a child, and 3 or more under-five children in a household were significantly associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Conclusions. Being born in rural, being male, unprotected drinking water, smaller weight at birth, no antenatal follow-ups, diarrhea, and poor household wealth were factors associated with increased stunting, wasting, and underweight. Thus, interventions that focus on utilization of antenatal care services, improving household wealth, and improving access to protected drinking water were required by policymakers to decrease stunting, wasting, and underweight more rapidly.
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Dubale Mamoro, Muluken, and Lolemo Kelbiso Hanfore. "Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Status and Associated Factors among Mothers in Damboya Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone, SNNP, Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (November 22, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2839579.
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Background. Tetanus toxoid immunization is one of the proven strategies for eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus. According to Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey of 2016, only 49% of mothers received two tetanus toxoid (TT) injections during their last pregnancy which is below the World Health Organization and Ethiopia Ministry of Health recommendation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the status of TT immunization among mothers in Damboya Woreda, South Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 26, 2017, in Damboya Woreda. A total of 837 mothers who had given birth in the last 12 months were included in the study. The simple random sampling method was used to select the study participants, and data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi data software version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of the immunization status of mothers at a 5% significance level. Result. The finding of this study revealed that 607 (72.5%) mothers were protected at birth against tetanus. Age of mother who attended elementary school, husbands’ education status, visited by HEW’s at home, making joint health decision with husband, use of modern family planning method, number of antenatal care visit, and time to reach the nearest health facility were independent predictors of TT immunization status among the mothers. Conclusion. Significant proportions of the mothers were not taken at least two doses of TT vaccine which is a minimum dose to prevent maternal or neonatal tetanus. Even though most mothers had access for TT immunization service, they were not immunized with protective doses of TT vaccine.
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Larebo, Yilma Markos, and Niggussie Abebe Ermolo. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hadiya Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Nation Nationality People Region." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5564668.
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Introduction. In low- and middle-income countries, gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing globally; it is also a double burden of illness for both mothers and children. While gestational diabetes mellitus is recognized in Ethiopia, according to recent diagnostic criteria, information regarding it remains scarce. Objective. To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Hadiya Zone public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional research on a total of 470 pregnant mothers was conducted in the Hadiya Region from August 2019 to December 2020. Finally, via the systematic random sampling process, the study subjects were chosen. A two-hour oral glucose tolerance test of 75 g was used to conduct the universal one-step screening and diagnostic technique. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Results. Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI, 21.8, 30.5). Urban residents (AOR: 2.181; 95% CI: 1.274, 3.733), primary education (AOR:2.286; 95% CI: 1.396, 3.745), without previous history of abortion (AOR: 0.097; 95% CI: 0.048, 0.196), with history of late gestational age in weeks (29-32) (AOR: 0.393; 95% CI: 0.213, 0.723), with no history of coffee drinking (AOR: 2.704; 95% CI: 1.044, 7.006), and adequate dietary diversity (AOR: 2.740; 95% CI: 1.585, 4.739) were significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. In Hadiya Zone public Hospitals, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending antenatal treatment was higher compared to other studies conducted. The urban residents, primary schooling, no prior history of abortion, late gestational age, no history of coffee drinking, and sufficient dietary diversity were significantly linked with gestational diabetes mellitus. To enhance maternal and child health, reinforcing screening, treatment, and prevention strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus is essential.
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Rabkin, Miriam, Zenebe Melaku, Kerry Bruce, et al. "Strengthening Health Systems for Chronic Care: Leveraging HIV Programs to Support Diabetes Services in Ethiopia and Swaziland." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/137460.
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The scale-up of HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa has catalyzed the development of highly effective chronic care systems. The strategies, systems, and tools developed to support life-long HIV care and treatment are locally owned contextually appropriate resources, many of which could be adapted to support continuity care for noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD), such as diabetes mellitus (DM). We conducted two proof-of-concept studies to further the understanding of the status of NCD programs and the feasibility and effectiveness of adapting HIV program-related tools and systems for patients with DM. In Swaziland, a rapid assessment illustrated gaps in the approaches used to support DM services at 15 health facilities, despite the existence of chronic care systems at HIV clinics in the same hospitals, health centers, and clinics. In Ethiopia, a pilot study found similar gaps in DM services at baseline and illustrated the potential to rapidly improve the quality of care and treatment for DM by adapting HIV-specific policies, systems, and tools.
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Tuha, Abdu, Abebe Getie Faris, Ababil Andualem, and Solomon Ahmed Mohammed. "Knowledge and Practice on Diabetic Foot Self-Care and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: Mixed Method." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 14 (March 2021): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s300275.
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Ahmed, Toyba Mohammed, Ketemaw Zewdu Demilew, Melkamu Temeselew Tegegn, and Mohammed Seid Hussen. "Use of Eye Care Service and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending at Diabetic Clinics in Two Referral Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 14 (May 2021): 2325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s311274.
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Wolde, Mistire, Getahun Tarekegn, and Tedla Kebede. "Comparative Evaluations of Randomly Selected Four Point-of-Care Glucometer Devices in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2018): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296817751747.
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Background: Point-of-care glucometer (PoCG) devices play a significant role in self-monitoring of the blood sugar level, particularly in the follow-up of high blood sugar therapeutic response. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood glucose test results performed with four randomly selected glucometers on diabetes and control subjects versus standard wet chemistry (hexokinase) methods in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 200 study participants (100 participants with diabetes and 100 healthy controls). Four randomly selected PoCG devices (CareSens N, DIAVUE Prudential, On Call Extra, i-QARE DS-W) were evaluated against hexokinase method and ISO 15197:2003 and ISO 15197:2013 standards. Results: The minimum and maximum blood sugar values were recorded by CareSens N (21 mg/dl) and hexokinase method (498.8 mg/dl), respectively. The mean sugar values of all PoCG devices except On Call Extra showed significant differences compared with the reference hexokinase method. Meanwhile, all four PoCG devices had strong positive relationship (>80%) with the reference method (hexokinase). On the other hand, none of the four PoCG devices fulfilled the minimum accuracy measurement set by ISO 15197:2003 and ISO 15197:2013 standards. In addition, the linear regression analysis revealed that all four selected PoCG overestimated the glucose concentrations. Conclusions: The overall evaluation of the selected four PoCG measurements were poorly correlated with standard reference method. Therefore, before introducing PoCG devices to the market, there should be a standardized evaluation platform for validation. Further similar large-scale studies on other PoCG devices also need to be undertaken.
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Ali, Solomon, Solomon Abera, Adane Mihret, and Tamrat Abebe. "Association of Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Type II Diabetes in Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/354656.
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Background.Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become the global “epidemic” with an estimated 123 million people currently infected worldwide. As the same time diabetes is also rapidly emerging as a global health care problem that threatens to reach pandemic levels by 2030.Objective.To investigate the magnitude of HCV infection in type II diabetes as compared to controls.Methodology.A case control study design was conducted at Jimma University Specialized Hospital from May to June 2010. A total of 604 study subjects were included in this study. Sociodemographic and risk factor data were collected by questionnaire. From serum sample, HCVAb screening was done by rapid antibody screening test. Liver functioning tests and total cholesterol tests were done by Dr. Lange LP 800 spectrophotometer.Results.The prevalence of HCV in type II diabetes and nondiabetic controls was 9.9% and 3.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, HCV seropositives have high risk of developing diabetes as compared with seronegatives (AOR = 2.997, 95% CI: (1.08, 8.315)).Conclusion.In this study, we found a positive association between past HCV infection and type II diabetes. As we did not perform HCV RNA test, we could not assess the association with HCV viremia.
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Edmealem, Afework, and Caridad Sanchez Olis. "Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression among Diabetes, Hypertension, and Heart Failure Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia." Behavioural Neurology 2020 (May 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3609873.
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Background. Anxiety and depression are common in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure. However, they are usually unrecognized and untreated especially in developing countries. Identifying factors associated with anxiety and depression is helpful for early screening and management. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing factors associated with anxiety and depression among diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dessie Referral Hospital from February 22, 2019 to April 6, 2019. A total of 404 diabetic, hypertension, and heart failure patients were included through systematic sampling technique. The data were collected by face-to-face interview. After data collection, the data were cleaned and presented with text, graphs, and tables. Multivariable binary logistic regression was deployed to identify factors at a P value of < 0.05. Result. A total of 384 patients participated with a 94.8% response rate. Among these, 32% and 5.73% of them had anxiety and depression, respectively. Patients who did not read and write develop anxiety 7.89 times more likely compared with those whose educational status is diploma and above (AOR: 7.89; 95% CI: 3.08-20.26; P=0.001). Patients who took substances like chat, cigarette, shisha, hashish, and alcohol develop anxiety 2.56 times more likely compared with their counterparts (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.05–6.23; P=0.038). Patients whose level of physical activity is inactive develop depression 24 times more likely than patients who did a health-enhancing physical activity. Patients who are widowed develop depression 5 times more likely compared with married patients. Conclusion and Recommendations. Low educational level, being single and widowed, substance use, poor perception towards prognosis of illness, and monthly income were factors associated with anxiety. On the other hand, being single and unable to do physical activity were statistically associated with depression. Patients with low educational level and monthly income should be screened and supported for anxiety. Health care providers should provide advice to patients about the importance of physical activity to prevent depression.
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Feleke, Berhanu Elfu, Teferi Elfu Feleke, Melkamu Beyene Kassahun, et al. "Glycemic Control of Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Referral Hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 16, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6691819.
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Background. Glycemic control is the level of glucose in diabetes patient. Evidence regarding glycemic control is scarce in resource-limited settings, and this study was conducted to generate information regarding the prevalence and predictors of glycemic control among diabetes mellitus patients attending their care from the referral hospitals of the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. A simple random sampling technique was used. Data were collected from March 2018 to January 2020. The data were collected using interviews, chart review, and blood samples. Hemoglobin A1c was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were entered into Epi-info software and analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of glycemic control; linear regression was used to identify the predictors of HbA1c. Results. A total of 2554 diabetes patients were included giving for the response rate of 95.83%. The mean age of the study participants was 54.08 years [ SD standard deviation ± 8.38 years ]. The mean HbA1c of the study participants was 7.31% [ SD ± 0.94 % ]. Glycemic control was poor in 55.32% [95% CI: 53.4%-57.25%] of diabetes patients. The glycemic control of diabetes patients was determined by BMI (β 0.1; [95% CI: 0.09-0.1]), type 2 diabetes (β -0.14; [95% CI: -0.11-0.16]), age (β 0.22; [95% CI: 0.02-0.024]), duration of the disease (β 0.04; [95% CI: 0.037-0.042]), the presence of hypertension (β 0.12; [95% CI:0.09–0.16]), regular physical exercise (β -0.06; [95% CI: -0.03-0.09]), medication adherence (β -0.16; [95% CI: -0.14-0.18]), and male (β 0.34; [95% CI: 0.31-.037]). Conclusion. The glycemic control of diabetes patients was poor, and it needs the attention of decision-makers.
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Fiseha, Temesgen, Alemu Gedefie Belete, Henok Dereje, and Abebe Dires. "Hypertension in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Northeast Ethiopia." International Journal of Hypertension 2019 (December 23, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4103604.
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Background. With prolonged survival and aging of persons with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), hypertension has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, little is known about the burden of this comorbid condition among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among HIV-infected patients receiving ART in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the ART clinic of Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia, between January and May 2018. HIV-infected patients who were on ART for at least 12 months were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from each participant. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg or a reported use of antihypertensive medication. Univariable and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension. Results. A total of 408 patients were studied with a mean (±SD) age of 37 ± 10.3 years, and 66.9% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.7% (95% CI, 25.3–35.0%). Nearly 75% of the patients with hypertension were previously undiagnosed. In a univariate analysis, older age, male gender, a family history of hypertension, duration of HIV infection, duration on ART, high body mass index, low CD4 count, diabetes, and renal impairment were associated with hypertension. Multivariate analysis revealed older age (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.13–3.83), male gender (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01–2.65), longer duration on ART (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.14–3.20), high body mass index (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI, 1.13–9.77), and diabetes (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.29–5.89) as independent risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions. Hypertension is highly prevalent among HIV-infected patients on ART attending our clinic in Northeast Ethiopia but is mostly undiagnosed. These findings highlight the need for integrating hypertension management into routine HIV care to prevent adverse outcomes and improve health of people living with HIV on ART.
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Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw, Asnakew Achaw Ayele, Yohannes Kelifa Emiru, et al. "Factors influencing diabetes self-care practice among type 2 diabetes patients attending diabetic care follow up at an Ethiopian General Hospital, 2018." Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 18, no. 1 (2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40200-019-00408-z.
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Bonger, Zeleke, Solomon Shiferaw, and Eshetu Zerihun Tariku. "Adherence to diabetic self-care practices and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 12 (June 2018): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s156043.
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Kahsay, Halefom, Bereket Fantahun, Teshome Nedi, and Gebre Teklemariam Demoz. "Evaluation of Hypoglycemia and Associated Factors among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Follow-Up Care at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2019 (April 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9037374.
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Background. Hypoglycemia is one of the most common acute complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The knowledge of the factors associated with hypoglycemia will help in the prevention and management of the problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess hypoglycemia and its associated factors among T1DM patients who attended the diabetes outpatient clinic of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC). Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the diabetes clinic of SPHMMC. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics including duration of diabetes, type of insulin they have been taking, the factors associated with hypoglycemia, and the severity stage of hypoglycemia was obtained. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and chart review. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia. Result. Out of the 247 participants who were recruited into the study, 233 (94.3%) of them experienced hypoglycemia. A total of 6.9 events of hypoglycemia per patient per year happened. Particularly, the events were categorized as 3.1 mild events, 2.3 moderate events, and 0.93 severe events of hypoglycemia. Shorter duration of diabetes history (<1 year) was significantly associated with less experience of hypoglycemia (AOR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-0.90). However, blood glucose monitoring at home was found to be significantly associated with more report of hypoglycemia (AOR=5.77, 95% CI: 1.16-28.66). Conclusion. The prevalence of hypoglycemia among T1DM patients was found as substantially high. Self/family blood glucose monitoring at home could not guarantee to minimize the occurrence of hypoglycemia events. Finger stick home blood glucose monitoring should be given a special attention. Therefore, the involvement of health care providers in diabetes care should be encouraged to address the occurrence of hypoglycemia in T1DM patients.
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Edmealem, Afework, Sr Genet Degu, Dessalegn Haile, Mihretie Gedfew, Bekalu Bewket, and Atsedemariam Andualem. "Sleep Quality and Associated Factors among Diabetes, Hypertension, and Heart Failure Patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." Sleep Disorders 2020 (May 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6125845.
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Background. Chronic illnesses have a negative impact on the quality of sleep; however, patients with chronic illness do not bring sleep issues while they are coming to a health institution for a follow-up. As a result, poor sleep quality among patients with chronic illness is often unrecognized and untreated, and it results to a negative impact on the prognosis of chronic illness. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from February 22, 2018, to April 6, 2018. The total sample size was 396. The study employed a stratified random sampling technique, and study participants were selected by systematic sampling. The data were collected by a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire which is a validated and standardized tool. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 25; text, tables, and figures were utilized for data presentation. By considering a 95% confidence level and P value of 0.05, binary logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis test were enrolled. Results. The prevalence of poor sleep quality among diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure patients was 36.5%. The odds of being a poor sleeper are increased when age increased. Patients who have poor perception towards the prognosis of their illness were four times more likely to be a poor sleeper compared to patients with good perception (AOR=4.21, 95%CI=1.94‐9.13, P=0.001). Patients who have anxiety were four times more likely to be a poor sleeper compared with patients without anxiety (AOR=3.69, 95%CI=2.19‐6.20, P=0.001). The educational level and residence were other factors associated with sleep quality. There was a statistically significant difference of sleep quality between patients with diabetes and hypertension, and diabetes and heart failure (F 2,384=10.92, P=0.004). Conclusion and Recommendations. In this study, over one-third of patients had poor sleep quality. Age, educational level, residence, perception towards prognosis of illness, and anxiety were factors associated with sleep quality. All health care providers should assess and provide advice about sleep hygiene and influencing factors. Assessment of sleep quality for every diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure patients in every visit should be incorporated in the care package.
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Zerihun Sahile, Lidya, Mengistu Benayew Shifraew, and Mehiret Zerihun Sahile. "Diabetic Self-Care Knowledge and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow-Up Care at North Shewa Zone Government Hospitals, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2020." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 14 (May 2021): 2111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s298336.
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Gebreselassie, Abreha Tsegay, Workua Mokenen Metekiya, and Birhane Gebrehiwot. "The Magnitude of Suicidal Behavior among People Living with Diabetes Mellitus Attending an Outpatient Department of Alamata General Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (2020): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010617.
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Background: Globally, suicide accounts for 75% in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though the magnitude of suicidal behavior in High-income Countries (HIC) is higher relative to the general population, limited studies had explored suicidal behavior among medical outpatients in LMICs including this locality. Suicidal behaviors among people with the chronic medical illness are one of the commonest psychiatric emergencies that demand a major health concern by researchers and mental health task forces. People with chronic medical illnesses show suicidal ideation and attempt which are fatal problems to end life. Therefore, this study will address the gaps by determining the magnitude of suicidal behavior among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in an outpatient setting of Alamata General Hospital (AGH). Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical patients attending a chronic care clinic in Alamata general Hospital from May to June 2019. A sample of 146 DM patients who were attending an outpatient chronic care clinic was included in the study. Suicidal behavior was assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) suicidal behavior assessment through software called Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25. Results: The magnitude of suicidal behavior among Diabetes Mellitus patients at AGH was 30.8%, 15.8% had suicidal ideation, 14.4% had a suicidal attempt and 15.1% of them had the plan to commit suicide. Conclusion: The prevalence of suicidal behavior was found to be significantly high in Diabetes Mellitus patients. Hence, it is important to conduct more interventions to assess the suicidal behavior symptoms among Diabetes Mellitus patients.
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Hassen, Seid Legesse, Ayalew Astatkie, Tefera Chanie Mekonnen, and Getahun Gebre Bogale. "Survival Status and Its Determinants among Under-Five Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted to Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centers in South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (March 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2643531.
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Background. Under nutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, many children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are treated at inpatient therapeutic feeding centers. However, the survival status and its determinants are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the survival status and its determinants among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to inpatient therapeutic feeding centers (ITFCs). Methods. A record review was conducted on 414 under-five children who were admitted with severe acute malnutrition to ITFCs in South Wollo Zone, northeast Ethiopia, between September 11, 2014, and January 9, 2016. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Life table analysis was used to estimate cumulative proportion of survival. The relationship between time to recovery and covariates was determined using Cox-proportional hazards regression model. p<0.05 was used to declare presence of significant association between recovery time and covariates. Results. Of the total children recorded, 75.4% of children were recovered and discharged, 10.3% were defaulters, 3.4% died, 7.4% were nonresponders, and 3.4% were unknown. The mean (±standard deviation) time to recovery was 12 (±5.26) days, whereas the median time to recovery was 11 (interquartile range of 8–15) days. Children’s breastfeeding status at admission (AHR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.83) and children without comorbidities at admission (AHR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.00) had statistically significant effect on time to recovery from SAM. Conclusion. All treatment responses in this study were within the recommended and acceptable range of global standards. Policy makers, health facilities, and care providers may need to focus on the importance of breastfeeding especially for those under two years of age and give emphasis for cases with comorbidities.
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Molla, Abebaw, Gudina Egata, Firehiwot Mesfin, Mikyas Arega, and Lemma Getacher. "Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Infants and Young Children Aged 6–23 Months in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (December 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2956129.
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Background. Anemia is a problem of both the developed and developing world, which occurs in all age groups of the population. Half of the anemia cases are due to iron deficiency and affects physical growth and mental development. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of information about anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6–23 months. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 531 mothers/caregivers-children pairs in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, from February 1 to March 2, 2018. The cluster sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Sociodemographic data were collected from mothers/caregivers using pretested structured questionnaires. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a HemoCue analyzer machine (HemoCue® Hb 301, Ängelholm, Sweden). All relevant data were described using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, proportions, mean, and standard deviation. Odds ratio and 95% CI were estimated using binary logistic regression to measure the strength of the association between anemia and explanatory variables. The level of statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 . Results. The overall prevalence of anemia was 47.5% (95% CI: 43.1–51.4%) of which 18.3% were mildly anemic, 25% were moderately anemic, and 4.1% were severely anemic. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, household food insecurity (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–4.5), unmet minimum dietary diversity (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4–4.3), stunting (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.3), and underweight (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.4) positively associated with anemia while having ≥4 antenatal care visits (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) and met minimum meal frequency (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14–0.45) had a protective effect against anemia. Conclusion. Generally, the study showed that anemia was a severe public health problem among infants and young children in the study setting. Antenatal care visit, meal frequency, dietary diversity, underweight, stunting, and food insecurity significantly associated with anemia. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen infant and young child feeding practices and antenatal care utilization and ensure household food security, thereby improving the nutritional status of children.
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Debele, Gebiso Roba, Shuma Gosha Kanfe, Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet, Galana Mamo Ayana, Wakuma Wakene Jifar, and Temam Beshir Raru. "Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 14 (March 2021): 1305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s300373.
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Kitila, Firaol Lemessa, Rahel Milkias Petros, Gebi Hussein Jima, et al. "Under-five mortality and associated factors in southeastern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257045.
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Background In the year 2019, around 5 million children under age five died and most of the deaths happened in developing countries. Though large numbers of deaths are reported in such countries, limited availability of data poses a substantial challenge on generating reliable estimates. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with under-five mortality in southeastern Ethiopia. Methods A register based cross sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2014 to July 2019 in Asella teaching and referral hospital. A total of 4901 under-five age children registered on the admission and discharge book of pediatric ward with complete information were included for the analysis. Data entry and analysis were conducted using Epidata Version 7 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the characteristics of the study participants and their condition at discharge. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with its 95% Confidence interval and P-value less than 5% was used to decide the statistically significant association. Results The prevalence of under-five mortality among admitted children in Asella Teaching and Referral hospital was 8.7% (95% CI 7.91–9.50%). Post-Neonatal and Child mortality were found to be 9.1% and 8.18%, respectively. Moreover, large numbers of death (45.2%) were seen within the first 2 days of admission. Address (AOR:1.4(1.08–1.81)), HIV status (AOR:4.64 (2.19–9.8)), severe acute malnutrition (AOR:2.82 (2.03–3.91)), hypovolemic shock (AOR:4.32 (2.31–8.1)), type I diabetes with DKA (AOR:3.53(1.34–9.29) and length of stay in the hospital for ≤2 days (AOR: 4.28 (3.09–5.95)) as well as 3–4 days (AOR: 1.48 (1.02–2.15)) were among the identified predictors. Conclusions Though childhood mortality is swiftly decreasing, and access and utilization of health care is improving in Ethiopia, our study found large prevalence of under-five mortality, 8.7% and higher number of deaths in early days of admission. Improving the quality of service has a paramount importance in reducing the mortality and managing associated factors contributing to under-five mortality among admitted children.
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Getahun, Zenebework, Muluken Azage, Taye Abuhay, and Fantu Abebe. "Comorbidity of HIV, hypertension, and diabetes and associated factors among people receiving antiretroviral therapy in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia." Journal of Comorbidity 10 (January 1, 2020): 2235042X1989931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2235042x19899319.
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Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are facing an increased burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) comorbidity. There is, however, paucity of information on the magnitude of HIV-NCDs comorbidity, its associated factors, and how the health system is responding to the double burden in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the magnitude of comorbidity between HIV and hypertension or diabetes and associated factors among HIV-positive adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 randomly selected HIV-positive adults taking ART. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. A logistic regression model was fit to identify associated factors with comorbidity of HIV and NCDs. Results: The magnitude of comorbidity was 19.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.0–23.0). Being older (55 and above years) adjusted odds ratio (AOR: 8.5; 95% CI: 3.2–15.1), taking second-line ART regimen containing tenofovir (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3–5.6), and increased body mass index (BMI) ≥25 (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.5) were the factors associated with comorbidity. Participants reported that they were not managed in an integrated and coordinated manner. Conclusions: The magnitude of comorbidity among adults was high in the study area. Being older, second-line ART regimen and high BMI ≥25 increased the odds of having NCDs among HIV-positive adults. Targeted screening for the incidences of NCDs, addressing modifiable risk factors, and providing integrated care would help to improve the quality of life comorbid patients.
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Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Alemseged Beyene Berha, Minyahil Alebachew Woldu, Helen Yifter, Workineh Shibeshi, and Ephrem Engidawork. "Drug therapy problems, medication adherence and treatment satisfaction among diabetic patients on follow-up care at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 14, no. 10 (2019): e0222985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222985.
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Firisa, Weynshet, Lister Onsongo, and Judy Mugo. "PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE IN SELECTED PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA." Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing 7, no. 2 (2021): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.1365.
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Purpose: This study sought to assess the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and associated risk factors among women attending antenatal care clinics in selected Pubic Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 Materials and Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design. Study population was pregnant women who attended ANC care in selected hospital. The respondents were randomly selected from Tikur Anbesa specialized, Zewuditu Memorial and St. Paul’s Millennium medical college hospitals. Respondents for interview were selected using systematic random sampling at an interval of nine until a sample size of 297 was reached. The study used an adopting both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires from pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics while qualitative data was collected using key informant interview schedules and Focused Group Discussion guides with Nurses in charge of antenatal care clinics and primary respondents respectively. Key informants and focused group discussants were purposively selected. Descriptive data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 with the aid of Microsoft Excel program to generate frequency tables, graphs and pie-charts. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis and results triangulated with quantitative data as direct quotes or narrations. Inferential statistics were calculated using Chi-Square tests done at 95% confidence interval and a margin of error of 0.05 to establish the association between variables. Information generated were presented in the text in the form of tables, bar graphs and pie charts.
 Results: The study results revealed that the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Addis Ababa was 21.9%. Socio-demographic factors such as age (p=0.030), occupation (p=0.031), income (p=0.0014), highest level of education (p=0.001) and health insurance (p=0.001) were significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Rreproductive and obstetric factors such as age at first pregnancy (p=0.001), gravidity (p=0.046), parity (p=0.001), history of obesity (p=0.001) and occurrence of gestational diabetes (p=0.002) were significantly associated with hypertension in pregnancy. More than a half (51.9%) of respondents had negative attitude towards hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. The level of attitude (p=0.040) was significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management of the 3 health facilities together with other stakeholders in health empower women to start income generating projects to increase their financial access to antenatal care services consequently reduces hindrances that may lead to pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
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Legese, Biruk, Molla Abebe, and Alebachew Fasil. "Association of ABO and Rh Blood Group Phenotypes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Referral Hospital Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2020 (November 5, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2535843.
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Background. ABO and Rh blood group antigens are thought to be among genetic determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Identification of blood group phenotypes are more associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It will be helpful for individuals who are susceptible blood groups to take care of themselves by avoiding other predisposing factors and taking preventive measures. Methods. Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was carried out from February to April 2019 at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Referral Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected with a semistructured pretested questionnaire. ABO and Rh Blood group were determined by slide and test tube methods. Biochemical parameters were determined with Mindray BS-200E fully automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS version 20 statistical software. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were employed for data analysis. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. From a total of 424 participants included for this study, blood group O was found higher in frequency with 74 (34.9%) and 97 (45.75%) for cases and healthy controls, respectively. ABO blood groups showed significant association with T2DM, a chi-square value of 12.163 and P value of 0.007. However, the Rh blood group was not associated with T2DM. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that blood group B had a higher risk (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.33-3.32) and blood group O had decreased risk (OR: 0.636, 95% CI: 0.43-0.94) of T2DM as compared to other blood groups. Conclusion. ABO blood group antigens showed significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Blood group B was associated with an increased risk and O blood group with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Habtamu, Tseganesh, Sindu Debebe, Tegegn Solomon, Eshetu Zerihun Tariku, and Selamawit Gebeyehu Tiruneh. "Dietary Diversity Feeding Practice and Its Associated Factors among Infants and Young Children Aged between 6 and 23 Months in Birbir Town, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3806360.
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A significant proportion of infant and young child mortality can be prevented by the provision of a diverse diet. Globally, an estimated 45% of deaths of children under the age of 5 are because of malnutrition. More than two-thirds of these deaths are associated with inappropriate child-feeding practices. This situation is the worst in Ethiopia. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the status of dietary diversity and identify relevant variables. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 335 randomly selected mothers/caregivers who had infants and young children aged between 6 and 23 months. Data were collected by interview with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with dietary diversity practices and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05 . Only 12.6% (95% CI; 9.2, 16.6) of children aged 6 to 23 months had adequate dietary diversity. Having a backyard garden and primary education were associated with adequate dietary diversity practices. In this study, the status of adequate dietary diversity feeding practice is low. Therefore, interventions targeting dietary diversity should encourage households to have backyard gardens, and strengthening counseling of mothers/caregivers attending antenatal care and postnatal care is proposed for achieving adequate dietary diversity practices.