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1
Chan, Yim-ting Tina, and 陳艷婷. "Effect of a diabetes specific formula in the blood sugar and blood lipid profiles and nutritional status of type II diabetes living innursing homes : a prospective randomized trial." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971507.
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Netjes, Robert Bryan. "Relationships between weight, HOMA IR, leptin, adiponectin and interleukin-6, before and after a calorie restricted diet intervention, and in a 6-8 month post diet period, in overweight and obese individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/R_Netjes_120308.pdf.
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Thesis (M.Nurs.)--Washington State University, December 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 4, 2009). "Intercollegiate College of Nursing." Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-87).
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Rudrich, Horst R. "The reduction of the diabetic syndrome in the C57Bl/KsJ (db/db) diabetic mouse by diet-restriction and exercise." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/425.
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Bourdon, Janette Lynne. "Consumer health applications effect on diet and exercise behaviours inpeople with diabetes mellitus, type 2." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48422101.
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Background:
Despite growing utilization of mobile phones and websites for consumers seeking health care advice, the area is largely understudied. A niche market for these applications is in diabetes care. Since diabetes is a chronic condition requiring daily monitoring it is a good candidate for consumer health informatics and especially interactive websites and mobile phone applications.
As the obesity epidemic continues, so too the prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise. This chronic condition can lead to major complications and high medical cost. It is on the rise in countries all over the world, and beginning to impact people at younger ages. Low cost interventions are being explored to mitigate these complications and cost.
Objective:
To examine the effectiveness of consumer health informatics, such as websites, personal digital assistants, and mobile phone applications that claim to help people with diabetes self-monitor diet and exercise behaviours to lose weight.
Methods:
A search for relevant literature was conducted using PUBMED, Cochrane, and IEEE Xplore, with the search terms: (mhealth OR mobile health OR phone OR web* OR ehealth OR internet OR ICT) AND diabetes AND (diet* OR exercise OR physical activity). Also, a bibliographic search was done to identify any studies that were missed in the initial search. The search was not limited to any date range, but articles were identified from the time period of September 2000 through April 2012. Only articles in English were included.
Studies were included if the program included an interactive logging feature for diet and/or physical activity. Studies that looked at type 1 disbetes were excluded.
Results:
A total of 10 original studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. Including 2 qualitative design, 1 randomized trial, and 7 randomized control trials. There was a great deal of heterogeneity among the studies. Delivery methods varies, studies including the following are:
* Mobile device only: 3
* Website only: 6
* Website plus mobile device: 1
Many different outcome measures were used across the studies including: behavioural, physiological, psychosocial, as well as usability and satisfaction. Overall, adherence and follow up were low. Dietary tracking generally appears not to be as effective as broad goals such as, “each more fruits and vegetables”.
Exercise tracking was more effective at increasing physical activity. Message boards and peer support did not show an increase in effectiveness, but personal online coaches and personalized emails showed promising results. Usability and satisfaction was high in those that reported it, but the large number of dropouts are not considered in this.
Conclusions:
At this time, consumer health informatics does not seem to be an effective solution in facilitating significant behavior change for people who have type 2 diabetes. Future programs should look at ways to increase adherence and usage of the programs because the people who did use the programs daily benefited more than sporadic users.
Components that showed promising results are access to a personal online coach, personalized weekly emails, integration with a pedometer that automatically uploads to a tracking program, and broader food related goals.
Further testing is necessary to determine if this type of intervention is effective.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Sheikh, Mona Hanif, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and School of Food Sciences. "Diet and self-care in Pakistani diabetic patients." THESIS_FST_SFS_Sheikh_M.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/91.
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Two hundred non-insulin dependent diabetic patients, predominantly from three health facilities in Lahore, Pakistan were assessed for metabolic control, weight status, diabetes knowledge, and six areas of diabetes self-care activities as well as dietary intake. A questionnaire was administered in an interview format followed by a 24-hour recall of dietary intake. Glycosylated haemoglobin status were determined on ninety subjects. The care levels appear to be inadequate for satisfactory diabetes control. Only 5 subjects had HbA1c levels within the normal range, while 21 showed extremely high levels. Complications and associated medical conditions were present in more than half of the sample. Diabetes knowledge averaged 4 correct responses out of a total of 11. Considerable variation was noted in the reported care regimens including the dietary regimen. Analysis revealed a number of areas of concern including high fat intake and a low intake of leafy vegetables, pulses and fruit which along with nutrient analysis results suggests a low fibre intake. The data points towards the need for improved diabetes education at all levels and identifies several areas of concern to be addressMaster of Science (Hons)
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Magrane, Elijah James. "The Effects of Blueberry Consumption on Satiety and Glycemic Control." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MagraneEJ2009.pdf.
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Lee, Dexter L. "Effects of endothelin-1 on coronary smooth muscle after chronic diabetes, atherogenic diet, and therapy." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974651.
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Saugur, Anusooya. "Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus : a pharmacoepidemiological review." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1635.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease characterised by hyperglycaemia caused by defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. In early stages of type 2 DM, dietary and lifestyle changes are often sufficient to control blood glucose levels. However, over time, many patients experience β cell dysfunction and require insulin therapy, either alone or in combination with oral agents. There are guidelines available to structure the management of this disease state, including both the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents and or insulin. Besides health complications, there are economic burdens associated with the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the management of type 2 DM in a South African sample group of patients drawn from a large medical aid database. The objectives of the study were: to establish the prevalence of type 2 DM relative to age, examine the nature of chronic comorbid disease states, establish trends in the prescribing of insulin relative to other oral hypoglycaemic agents, investigate cost implications, and determine trends in the use of blood and urine monitoring materials by patients. The study was quantitative and retrospective and descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. DM was found to be most prevalent amongst patients between 50 and 59 years old. Results also demonstrated that 83% of DM patients also suffered from other chronic comorbid diseases, with cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia being the most prominent. This study also revealed that DM is predominantly managed with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Changes in drug prescribing, for chronic disease states such as DM may have medical, social and economic implications both for individual patients and for society and it is envisaged that the results of this study can be used to influence future management of DM. Keywords: Pharmacoepidemiology, management, type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Souza, Siane Campos de. "Avaliação dos efeitos de terapias com células de medula óssea em modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4302.
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Siane Campos. Avaliação dos efeitos de terapias com celulas de medula óssea modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.pdf: 7027812 bytes, checksum: 4b12aa1315741fb327aacac8f55889a7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T20:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Siane Campos. Avaliação dos efeitos de terapias com celulas de medula óssea modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.pdf: 7027812 bytes, checksum: 4b12aa1315741fb327aacac8f55889a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma disfunção metabólica que afeta milhões de pessoas em números crescentes em todo o mundo. É caracterizado pela resistência dos tecidosalvo à insulina e/ou defeitos na sua secreção, acarretando uma hiperglicemia crônica, que pode gerar danos no sistema cardiovascular, nervoso, olhos, rins e fígado e representam um ônus para os sistemas de saúde. Doença de etiologia múltipla, o DM2 resulta da interação entre predisposição genética e fatores ambientais, destacando-se a obesidade. O tratamento do DM2 geralmente envolve mudanças de hábito e drogas anti-hiperglicemiantes ou hipoglicemiantes que podem acarretar efeitos colaterais. As recentes descobertas sobre a plasticidade e o potencial terapêutico das células-tronco de medula óssea indicam uma possível aplicação destas no tratamento do DM2 e suas complicações. Para investigar esse potencial, foi estabelecido um modelo de diabetes em camundongos C57Bl/6 através da administração de dieta hipergordurosa. Após o período de indução, os animais apresentavam obesidade, hiperglicemia, intolerância à glicose, proteinúria e esteato-hepatite não-alcoólica. Camundongos C57Bl/6 fêmeas não desenvolvem obesidade, hiperglicemia e DM2 quando submetidas à mesma dieta que os machos. Apenas os machos foram então tratados com células mononucleares de medula óssea e acompanhados durante seis meses. A terapia com células mononucleares de medula óssea não reduz o peso corpóreo dos animais obesos e diabéticos. Três e seis meses após a terapia, não foi observada redução da glicemia de jejum dos animais.Três meses após a terapia, observou-se redução da intolerância a glicose nos animais alimentados com dieta high-fat.Houve uma redução da fibrose perissinusoidal no fígado após 3 meses de terapia e esta diferença se manteve até 6 meses após a terapia.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects millions of people and grows worldwide. It is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and/or impaired insulin secretion, leading to chronic hyperglycemia associated with long-term consequences that include damage and dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys and nerves. T2DM is a multifactorial disease determined by genetic and environmental factors, especially obesity. The usual treatment involves antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic drugs that can provoke undesirable side effects. Recent findings on hematopoietic stem cell plasticity and therapeutic potential suggest their use as an alternative treatment for T2DM and its consequences. In order to investigate this potential, a model of diabetes was induced in C57Bl/6 mice through administration of a high-fat diet. Animals developed obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, proteinuria and nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis. Female C57Bl/6 mice do not developed obesity, hyperglycemia and T2DM when submitted the male’s diet. After the induction period, only the male mice were treated with bone marrow mononuclear cells and observed during 6 months. Cell mononuclear from bone marrow therapy do not reduced body weight from obesity and diabetes animals. Three and six months after the therapy, we do not observed reduction from glycemia. Three months after the therapy, observed reduction glucose intolerance in mice high-fat fed. Reduction in fibrosis perisinusoidal liver after thee months from therapy and this difference still until six months after therapy.
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Giaco, Karen M. "Medical Nutrition Therapy in a Chronic Care Model for the Treatment of Diabetes—A Baseline Study as Precursor to a Pilot Study Collaborative." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1176300411.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, School of Family and Consumer Science-Nutrition and Dietetics , 2007."May, 2007." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 4/26/2009) Advisor, Deborah Marino; Faculty readers, Richard Steiner, Evelyn Taylor, Cinda Chima; School Director, Richard Glotzer; Interim Dean of the College, James Lynn; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Inyang, Cornelia E. "Patients' Perceptions of Diet-Only Therapy in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications." Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13807269.
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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes is linked to many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. African American adults have a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes with early onset of diabetes complications. Poor dietary behavior is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes and its complications, changing dietary behaviors can prevent the onset of diabetes complications or impede existing ones. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore patients’ perceptions of diet-only therapy in the prevention of diabetes complications. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six African American adults with Type 2 diabetes between 40 to 64 years using purposeful sampling method. Health belief model formed the conceptual framework of the study. I applied inductive coding process and manually analyze data for themes. Participants expressed fear of diabetes complications, acknowledged effectiveness of dietary therapy, physician communication and strong family support in Type 2 diabetes management. Findings can produce positive social change among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients can be motivated to change their dietary behaviors to prevent disability and death from diabetes complications. Adherence to diet can reduce medical costs associated with Type 2 diabetes and its complications at the individual, family, community, and government levels. Health care providers can apply the findings in their interactions with patients to provide a more patient-centered education that integrates patients’ cultural and dietary preferences to facilitate adoption of dietary interventions and long-term adherence.
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Inyang, Cornelia Emmanuel. "Patients' Perceptions of Diet-Only Therapy in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6588.
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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes is linked to many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. African American adults have a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes with early onset of diabetes complications. Poor dietary behavior is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes and its complications, changing dietary behaviors can prevent the onset of diabetes complications or impede existing ones. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore patients' perceptions of diet-only therapy in the prevention of diabetes complications. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six African American adults with Type 2 diabetes between 40 to 64 years using purposeful sampling method. Health belief model formed the conceptual framework of the study. I applied inductive coding process and manually analyze data for themes. Participants expressed fear of diabetes complications, acknowledged effectiveness of dietary therapy, physician communication and strong family support in Type 2 diabetes management. Findings can produce positive social change among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients can be motivated to change their dietary behaviors to prevent disability and death from diabetes complications. Adherence to diet can reduce medical costs associated with Type 2 diabetes and its complications at the individual, family, community, and government levels. Health care providers can apply the findings in their interactions with patients to provide a more patient-centered education that integrates patients' cultural and dietary preferences to facilitate adoption of dietary interventions and long-term adherence.
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Catsicas, Maria Elizabeth. "An assessment of the level of knowledge of health professionals on nutrition and diabetes self-management in treating patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes Mellitus in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86529.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: The objective of the study was to assess and compare the level of knowledge of South African health professionals) treating patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1 and T2 DM) with regard to nutrition and Diabetes Self-management (DSM). To achieve this objective, two questionnaires (one for T1 DM and one for T2 DM) was developed and validated. In addition the study identifies the areas in need for further education as well as to assess if socio-demographic factors influence the level of knowledge. Methods: The questionnaires were developed by: i) planning and developing constructs on nutrition and DSM by experts (n = 2) in the field of nutrition and diabetes care, ii) compilation and evaluation of a pool of 60 questions for face and content validity by an expert panel comprising six Registered Nurses / Diabetes Educators (RN / DE) and registered dieticians (RD) and iii) testing the questionnaires for criterion validity and reliability by a pilot group (n = 34 RN / DE and RD). Chronbach’s alpha values were calculated to determine validity and questions were disregarded or changed depending on this outcome. These questionnaires were then sent via electronic and hard mail to a randomised sample of RD (n = 1200) and RN / DE (n = 498). Data of 70 questionnaires on T1 DM and 105 on T2 DM was coded and analysed. The cut off value of 70% was considered as adequate knowledge. Results: With regard to questionnaire development, constructs were eliminated by the expert panel and this resulted in the acceptance of 60 constructs for the final questionnaires. Five constructs were replaced to improve content validity and an additional three constructs were adjusted to improve face validity. Recommended amendments were made to improve the criterion validity of the questionnaires. Internal consistency was shown with an overall Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.73 for the T1 DM questionnaire and 0.71 for the T2 DM questionnaire. In terms of the assessment of knowledge for T1 DM, the RD (75.4%) but not the RN/DE (67.2%) had adequate knowledge of nutrition. This was not statistically significant different from the RN / DE (p = 0.07). Both groups scored equally with regard to their knowledge of DSM with scores indicating inadequate knowledge (64.7% and 64.9% respectively) (p = 0.27). For T2 DM, the RD (74.6%) but not the RN / DE (61.6%) showed their knowledge of nutrition to be adequate, and statistically significantly better than the RN / DE (p = 0.0005). Both groups showed inadequate knowledge of DSM (56.0% and 61.9% respectively) (p = 0.31). The main areas of knowledge for diabetes mellitus (DM) identified in need for further education were the glycaemic index (GI) values of food, carbohydrate counting, the use of sugars / sweeteners, timing of meals and snacks with regard to activity, medication used, treatment of hypo- and hyperglycaemia and the use of alcohol. Age affected knowledge (for both nutrition and DSM) with regard to T1 DM, as the age group 30 - 49 years scored significantly better than the rest (nutrition p = 0.005, DSM p = 0.006 respectively). Health professionals in the private sector achieved higher scores compared to those working in the public sector (nutrition p = 0.011, DSM p = 0.016 respectively). Conclusion: Two valid and reliable quantitative questionnaires comprising 4 sections and 30 questions were developed to assess the level of knowledge of health professionals (RN / DE and RD) on nutrition and DSM treating patients with T1 and T2 DM in South Africa. RN / DE required further education towards key nutrition concepts and RN / DE and RD required further education on key concepts regarding DSM for both T1 and T2 DM.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Die doel van die studie was om die hoeveelheid van kennis van verpleeg en dieetkunde personeel wat persone met Tipe 1 en Tipe 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM en T2DM) in Suid – Afrika behandel, te bepaal en te vergelyk. Die studie het gefokus op kennis t.o.v. voeding en diabetiese self-sorg. Om die doel te bereik was twee vrae lyste, een vir T1 DM en een vir T 2 DM ontwikkel. Die verskillende aspekte van kennis wat verdere opleiding benodig is geidentifiseer asook of enige demografiese faktore wat kennis kon beinvloed. Metode: Die volgende stappe was geneem om voldoende geldigheid en betroubaarhied te bereik: 1. Twee kenners het verskeie belangrike aspekte van voeding en diabetiese self-sorg geidentifiseer en ontwikkel. 2. ‘n Paneel van 34 geregistreerde dieetkundiges en verpleeg personeel wat in Diabetes Mellitus spesialiseer , het die inhoud van ‘n totaal van 60 vrae ge- evalueer vir geldigheid en toepaslikheid. 3. Die paneel het die vraelyste verder ge- evalueer vir ‘n aanvaarbare standard van betroubaarheid. Chronbach-alfa waardes was gebruik vir die aanvaarbaarheid van alle vrae. 4. Die finale weergawe van 30 aanvaarbare vrae in elke vraelys was gestuur via elektroniese en normale pos na 1200 RD en 489 verpleegpersoneel wat spesialiseer in T1 en T2 DM. 5. Inligting van onderskeidelik 70 T1DM en 105 T2 DM vraelyste was gekodeer en ge-analiseer. Resultate: Tydens die ontwikkeling van die vraelyste, was sekere aspekte van kennis deur die twee kenners ge-elimineer. Die evaluering van die groep van dieetkundiges en verpleeg personeel het verder bygedra tot die vervanging en aanpassing van sekere aspekte van kennis. Dit het bygedra tot die vlak van voldoende geldigheid en toepaslikheid. Vir voldoende betroubaarheid was die Chronbach- alfa waardes van 0.73 vir T1DM and 0.71 vir T2 DM onderskeidelik aanvaar. Die studie het getoon dat die dieetkundiges voldoende kennis besit t.o.v. voeding vir T1 DM (75.4%). Dit was egter nie statisties betekenisvol meer in vergelyking met die kennis soos behaal deur die verpleegpersoneel (62.2%) (p = 0.07). Beide groepe se kennis t.o.v diabetiese self sorg was bepaal as onvoldoende met onderskeidelik 64.7% en 64.9%. In terme van T2 DM, het die dieetkundiges statisties betekenisvol beter kennis getoon vir voeding (74.6%) in vergelyking met die vlak van kennis soos behaal deur die verpleeg personeel (61.6%) (p = 0.0005). Soos in die geval van T1 DM het beide groepe onvoldoede kennis getoon vir diabetiese self sorg met onderskeidelike waardes van 56.0% en 61.9%. (p = 0.31). Die areas van kennis wat geidentifiseer was vir verdere opleidig, was die glisemiese indeks van voedsel, bepaling van die hoeveelheid koolhidrate in voedsel, die gebruik van suiker en versoeters, die neem van maaltye en versnapperinge, oefening, medikasie, voorkoming van lae en hoe blood glukose vlakke asook die gebruik vam alkoholiese drankies. Die ouderdoms groep tussen 30-49 jaar het statisties ‘n hoer vlak van kennis getoon vir beide voeding (p = 0.005) en diabetiese self sorg (p = 0.006) vir T 1 DM in vergelyking met die ander ouderdoms groepe. Personeel wat in die private sektor werk het ‘n beter vlak van kennis getoon in vergelyking met personeel wat in die openbare sektor werk (p = 0.011 en p = 0.016 vir voeding en diabetiese self sorg onderskeidelik. Samevatting: Twee geldige en betroubare vrae lyste met 30 vrae in totaal was ontwikkel om die vlak van kennis van dieetkundiges en verpleeg personeel te bepaal in terme van voeding en diabetiese self sorg vir beide T1 en T2 DM. Die verpleegpersoneel benodig verder opleiding t.o.v sekere aspekte van voeding en diabetiese self -sorg en die dieetkundiges t.o.v. diabetiese self -sorg vir beide T1 en T2 DM.
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Steemburgo, Thais. "Síndrome metabólica : aspectos relacionados à dieta e papel das fibras alimentares em pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8787.
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O papel da dieta na síndrome metabólica (SM) tem sido estudado em relação a cada um de seus componentes: obesidade, níveis pressóricos elevados, dislipidemia e alterações no metabolismo da glicose. Entretanto, poucos estudos avaliaram os efeitos da dieta na presença da SM como uma entidade clínica independente. O objetivo deste manuscrito foi revisar a importância dos fatores dietéticos e as recomendações dietoterápicas na SM. Estudos recentes demonstraram que o consumo de grãos integrais foi associado negativamente com a SM. Já alimentos com alto índice glicêmico foram associados positivamente com resistência à insulina e prevalência de SM. O seguimento de uma dieta mediterrânea foi capaz de reduzir o número de componentes da SM. Também a adoção da dieta DASH melhorou o perfil de todos os componentes da SM. Recomenda-se para pacientes com SM um valor energético total compatível com a obtenção e/ou manutenção do peso corporal desejável. O conteúdo de gordura, em especial o consumo de gordura saturada, e colesterol deve ser reduzido e o consumo de grãos integrais, frutas e vegetais, aumentado. Provavelmente as fibras alimentares tenham um papel importante no manejo dietoterápico da SM. Novos estudos que avaliem o papel da dieta na presença e no desenvolvimento da SM são necessários.The role of diet in metabolic syndrome (MS) has been studied regarding each one of its components: obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and abnormal glucose metabolism. However, few studies evaluated the effects of diet in the presence of MS as a unique independent disease. The aim of this manuscript was to review the role of dietary factors and dietary recommendations for MS. Recently some studies have demonstrated that intake of whole-grain foods were negatively associated with MS. Foods with high glycemic index were positively associated with insulin resistance and the prevalence of MS. Following a Mediterranean-style diet caused a reduction in the number of MS components. Also, the adoption of the DASH diet improved the profile of all MS components. A total daily energy intake to obtain and/or to maintain a desirable weight is recommended for patients with MS. The fat content, especially from saturated fat, and cholesterol, must be reduced and the intake of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables, must be increased. Probably, dietary fibers have an important role in the management of MS. New studies to evaluate the role of diet in the presence and development of MS are needed.
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Gréco, Jonathan, and Lisa Parke. "Kostråd vid diabetes typ 2 : En litteraturstudie om vad som påverkar patienters följsamhet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315505.
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Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en vanlig folksjukdom som innebär en stor börda för patienter. Kostförändringar har visats kunna förbättra patienters situation, men följsamheten av kostråd brister dock ofta och det tillhör sjuksköterskans roll att främja och stödja en effektiv egenvård bland patienter med diabetes. Syfte: Syftet av denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka utifrån patienters perspektiv vad som påverkar till en ökad samt minskad följsamhet av kostråd vid diabetes typ 2. Metod: Litteraturöversikten är baserad på 19 artiklar av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa ansats som valts ut från databaserna PubMed, Cinahl och PsycINFO. De valda artiklarna vetenskaplig kvalitet granskades med checklistor för kvasi-experimentella eller kvalitativa studier. De inkluderade artiklarnas resultat analyserades av båda författarna för att hitta faktorer som påverkar följsamhet av kostråd. Relevant data sorterades i teman beroende på likheter och skillnader. Resultat: Totalt identifierades sex teman som beskriver vad som kan ha betydelse för följsamheten till kostråd: (1) förhållningssätt till förändring, (2) sociala aspekter, (3) mental hälsa, (4) kultur, (5) kunskapsbrist och (6) socioekonomisk situation. Slutsats: Sjukdomsinsikt, self-efficacy och socialt stöd är väsentliga aspekter att beakta när sjuksköterskor vårdar patienter med diabetes, för att främja deras följsamhet till kostråd. Stödjande insatser borde bygga på individens egen förmåga att ändra sin kost genom att inkludera tidig och anpassad information, delaktighet av närstående samt empati gällande personens socioekonomiska, kulturella och psykiska förhållande.Background: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases worldwide and represents a major disease burden. Effective self-care, including diet changes, has been shown to prevent complications and improve quality of life. However, adherence to diet therapy is often insufficient and it belongs to the nurse’s role to promote and support adequate self-care. Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine, from patients perspectives, what increases and decreases compliance to dietary advice for diabetes type 2. Method: The literature review is based on 19 articles of both quantitative and qualitative approaches, selected from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The scientific quality of the selected articles was assessed with checklists for quasi-experimental or qualitative studies. Both authors analyzed the results of the included articles, to identify factors that influence adherence to dietary advice. Relevant data were sorted into themes depending on similarities and differences. Results: Six themes were identified: (1) attitude to change, (2) social relations, (3) mental health, (4) culture, (5) lack of knowledge and (6) socio-economic condition. Conclusion: Disease insight, self-efficacy and social support are essential aspects to consider when nurses care for patients with diabetes, to promote their adherence to dietary advice. Supporting interventions should strengthen the individual's own capability to change their diet, by including early and tailored information, participation of family members and empathy regarding the person's socio-economic, cultural as well as their psychological condition.
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Rausch, Ursula. "Development and testing of a standardized training manual : Diet and the nutritional management of diabetes mellitus : a comprehensive guide for health practitioners." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86701.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective To develop and test a marketable, Continuing Professional Development (CPD) accredited training manual focused on the role of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for healthcare professionals (HCP) of the multidisciplinary Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) management team. Methods The study consisted of two components: (a) development of the MNT manual and (b) testing of the MNT manual. The development of the MNT manual consisted of seven steps: (1) needs assessment and problem definition; (2) literature search; (3) draft one of the MNT manual; (4) peer review; (5) draft two of the MNT manual; (6) evaluation by means of a survey; and (7) the final MNT manual. The testing of the MNT manual’s impact on knowledge had a test-retest design which consisted of seven steps: (1) DM knowledge questionnaire development; (2) participant recruitment; (3) questionnaire pilot; (4) initial knowledge testing; (5) self-study of MNT manual; (6) retesting of knowledge; (7) statistical analysis. Results From the literature a total of 132 published documents were selected for inclusion in the MNT manual after grading of the information. The first draft was compiled and sent for peer review and language editing. Recommended changes were made and the second draft was developed and sent to 79 registered dietitians (RDs) who volunteered to complete a survey after reading the MNT manual. The survey indicated that the majority were satisfied with the content, which in turn led to the final MNT manual.The questionnaire was compiled using the content of the MNT manual and creating 10 questions per section of the manual. The pilot was conducted using 10% (n = 7) of the total sample. Minor changes were made. For knowledge testing, participants included RDs between the ages of 23 and 60 years, registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. A test-retest design was used. Participants scored a mean of 57.5% on the initial knowledge questionnaire (KQ1), ranging between 33.6% and 79.8%. They lacked knowledge on: management of the hospitalised patient; diabetes and exercise; diabetes and religion; gestational diabetes; supplements commonly used by diabetics; diabetes in prisons; diabetes in children; the function, side-effects and contra-indications of metformin. The mean score on the second knowledge questionnaire (KQ2) increased to 90.5%, with the lowest score 50.4% and the highest 99.2%.There were two questions where participants scored < 50% (mean of n = 79) which related to the type of insulin regime most suitable during Ramadan and risk factors for Type 2 DM in children. Data were also analyzed according to various socio-demographic variables, but only one significant difference was found between groups. Conclusions and implications There is adequate research available to develop a comprehensive guide for HCP on the nutritional management of DM. Such an MNT manual should be marketed for CPD purposes to encourage HCP to improve their DM management skills, as seen by the dramatic improvement in DM management knowledge of the RDs participating in this research. Future studies may include knowledge testing of other HCP, as well as testing to determine if the newly acquired information is put into practice to the benefit of DM patients.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Objektiewe Die ontwikkeling en toets van 'n bemarkbare, Voortgesette Professionele Ontwikkeling (VPO) geakkrediteerde handleiding oor die rol van mediese voedings terapie (MVT) vir mediese personeel van die multi-dissiplinêre Tipe 1- en Tipe 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) behandelings span. Metodes Die studie het bestaan uit 2 komponente: (a) die ontwikkeling van die MVT handleiding en (b) die toets van die MVT handleiding. Die ontwikkeling van die MVT handleiding het bestaan uit sewe stappe: (1) assesering van benodighede en probleem definisie, (2) literatuursoektog; (3) aanvanklike konsep van die MVT handleiding; (4) eweknie evaluasie; (5) volgende konsep weergawe van die MVT handleiding; (6) evaluering deur ‘n meningsopname; en (7) die finale MVT handleiding. Die toets van die MVT handleiding se impak op die kennis het 'n toets-hertoets ontwerp gehad wat bestaan het uit sewe stappe: (1) DM kennis vraelys ontwikkeling; (2) deelnemer werwing; (3) toets van vraelys; (4) toets van aanvanklike kennis; (5) selfstudie van die MVT handleiding; (6) hertoetsing van kennis; en (7) statistiese analise. Resultate Uit die literatuur is 132 gepubliseerde dokumente gekies vir insluiting in die MVT handleiding na gradering van die kwaliteit van die inligting. Die aanvanklike konsep is ontwikkel, taalversorg en eweknie geevalueer. Aanbevole veranderinge is gemaak en die tweede konsep is ontwikkel en gestuur aan 79 dieetkundiges wat vrywillig die MVT handleiding gelees het en aan ‘n meningsopname deelgeneem het. Uit die meningsopname was dit duidelik dat die meerderheid tevrede was met die inhoud, wat gelei het tot die finale MVT handleiding.Die vraelys is opgestel met 10 vrae per afdeling van die MVT handleiding, en getoets deur 10% (n = 7) van die totale aantal deelnemers, waarna geringe veranderinge gemaak is. Vir kennis toetsing, is dieetkundiges tussen die ouderdomme van 23 en 60 jaar, wat geregistreer is by die Raad vir Gesondheidsberoepe van Suid-Afrika, ingesluit. Deelnemers het 'n gemiddeld behaal van 57.5 % op die aanvanklike kennis vraelys, met kennis wat gewissel het tussen 33.6% en 79.8%. Hulle het aanvanklik gebrekkige kennis gehad oor: die behandeling van die hospitaal pasiënt; diabetes en oefening; diabetes en godsdiens; swangerskaps diabetes; aanvullings gebruik deur diabete; diabetes in gevangenisse; pediatriese diabetes; asook die funksie, newe-effekte en kontra-indikasies van metformien. Die gemiddelde telling op die tweede kennis vraelys het toegeneem tot 90.5%, met ‘n laagste telling van 50.4% en hoogste van 99.2%. Daar was 2 vrae waar deelnemers < 50% (gemiddelde % van n = 79) behaal het. Hierdie vrae het verband gehou met die mees geskikte insulien behandeling tydens Ramadan en risikofaktore vir Tipe 2 DM in kinders. Data is ontleed volgens verskeie sosio-demografiese veranderlikes, maar slegs een beduidende verskil is tussen groepe gevind. Gevolgtrekkings en implikasies Daar is voldoende navorsing beskikbaar om ‘n omvattende handleiding vir mediese personeel oor die rol van voeding in die behandeling van DM te ontwikkel. So 'n MVT handleiding moet bemark word vir VPO doeleindes om mediese personeel aan te moedig om hul DM bestuursvaardighede te verbeter, soos gesien deur die dramatiese verbetering in DM bestuur kennis van die huidige deelnemers. Toekomstige navorsing kan die bepaling van kennis verbetering van ander mediese professies insluit, en of die verbeterde kennis in die praktyk DM pasiënte bevoordeel.
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Balfegó, Díaz Mariona. "Diabetis mellitus tipus 2: Impacte metabòlic d'una dieta rica en sardina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482042.
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INTRODUCCIÓ: La teràpia nutricional és un dels pilars del tractament de la diabetis tipus 2 (DM2). Diverses organitzacions nacionals i internacionals de nutrició i diabetis recomanen el consum de peix (preferentment peix blau) com a mínim 2 cops a la setmana per prevenir la malaltia cardiovascular. Tot i això, existeixen molt pocs estudis que hagin investigat els efectes de la inclusió del peix blau en el control glucèmic i la sensibilitat a la insulina de pacients amb DM2.
OBJECTIUS: L’objectiu primari d’aquesta tesi va ser investigar els efectes d’una dieta rica en sardina en els valors d’hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) de pacients amb DM2 sense tractament antidiabètic.
Els objectius secundaris van ser investigar els efectes de la intervenció dietètica en la resistència a la insulina, les concentracions d’adiponectina, marcadors d’inflamació, la pressió arterial, la freqüència cardíaca, el perfil lipídic, la microbiota intestinal, la composició d’àcids grassos en membranes d’eritròcits i la qualitat de vida dels pacients.
METODOLOGIA: 35 pacients amb DM2 sense tractament antidiabètic van ser randomitzats per seguir una dieta amb recomanacions generals per la DM2 (grup control: GC), o una dieta amb recomanacions generals per la DM2 enriquida amb 100g de sardina en llauna 5 cops a la setmana (grup sardina: GS) durant 6 mesos. Abans i després de la intervenció dietètica es van determinar l’antropometria, hàbits alimentaris i història dietètica, l’HbA1c, la glucosa, la insulina, l’adiponectina, marcadors d’inflamació, la pressió arterial, la freqüència cardíaca, la composició d’àcids grassos en membranes d’eritròcits i la composició de grups bacterians específics de la microbiota intestinal. Abans i després de la intervenció dietètica també es va avaluar la qualitat de vida dels pacients.
RESULTATS: L’HbA1c i la glucosa en dejú van disminuir en els dos grups als 6 mesos de la intervenció dietètica (GS: -0,2 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -9,6 ± 5,4 mg/dL glucosa; GC: -0,3 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -5,2 ± 5,5 mg/dL glucosa) sent només significativa la reducció de l’HbA1c en el GC (p=0,01) respecte els valors basals.
Els dos grups d’intervenció van disminuir de manera significativa la insulina plasmàtica (GS: -35%, p=0,01; GC:-22,6%, p=0,02) i el model homeostàtic de resistència a la insulina (HOMA-IR) (SG: -39,2%, p=0,007; CG: -21,8%, p=0,04) als 6 mesos respecte els valors basals. Tot i això, només el GS va incrementar l’adiponectina en plasma en comparació amb l’inici de l’estudi (+40,7%, p=0,04).
L’índex omega-3 va augmentar significativament d’un 5,3% a un 8% al GS respecte el GC (p=0,001). Les dues intervencions dietètiques van disminuir les concentracions del fílum Firmicutes (GS i GC: p=0,04) i van incrementar les de grup E. coli (GS: p=0,01, CG: p=0,03) respecte els valors basals. Només el GS va diminuir el ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (p=0,04) i va incrementar el grup Bacteroides- Prevotella (p=0,004). Tot i que la pressió arterial i el perfil lipídic no es van modificar en resposta a la dieta enriquida amb sardina, si va disminuir la freqüència cardíaca (p=0,01). Els pàrametres de qualitat de vida valorats no es van modificar de manera significativa en el GS en comparació amb el GC.
CONCLUSIONS: Els resultats d’aquesta tesi suggereixen que la inclusió de 100g de sardina 5 dies a la setmana durant 6 mesos no millora el control glucèmic però podria tenir efectes beneficiosos sobre el risc cardiovascular de pacients amb DM2 aconseguint valors òptims d’índex omega-3. A més, l’increment d’adiponectina observat en el GS podria indicar beneficis en la inflamació metabòlica, i la modificació de bactèries intestinals específiques en resposta a la dieta rica en sardina revela l’estreta relació entre components dietètics i la microbiota intestinal. Igualment, els resultats mostren que tan una dieta amb recomanacions generals per la DM2 com una dieta rica en sardina poden millorar la resistència a la insulina de pacients amb DM2.BACKGROUND: Nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of treating diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week is recommended by current international dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. In contrast to a large number of human studies examining the effects of oily fish on different cardiovascular risk factors, little research on this topic is available in patients with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of a sardine-enriched diet on glycemic control of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. The secondary objectives were to investigate the effects of the dietary intervention on insuline resistance, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile, gut microbiota, erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) composition and quality of life of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 35 drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to follow either a type 2 diabetes standard diet (control group: CG), or a standard diet enriched with 100 g of sardines 5 days a week (sardine group: SG) for 6 months. Anthropometric, dietary information, quality of life evaluation, fasting glycated hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, heart rate, EMFA and specific bacterial strains were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose between groups at the end of the study (SG: -0,2 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -9,6 ± 5,4 mg/dL fasting glucose; CG: -0,3 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -5,2 ± 5,5 mg/dL fasting glucose). Both groups decreased plasma insulin (SG: −35.3 %, P = 0.01, CG: −22.6 %, P = 0.02) and homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SG: −39.2 %, P = 0.007, CG: −21.8 %, P = 0.04) at 6-months from baseline. However only SG increased adiponectin in plasma compared to baseline level (+40.7 %, P = 0.04). The omega-3 index increased 2.6 % in the SG compared to 0.6 % in the CG (P = 0.001). Both dietary interventions decreased phylum Firmicutes (SG and CG: P = 0.04) and increased E. coli concentrations (SG: P = 0.01, CG: P = 0.03) at the end of the study from baseline, whereas SG decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P = 0.04) and increased Bacteroides-Prevotella (P = 0.004) compared to baseline. Although blood pressure and lipid profile did not show any significant changes after the sardine dietary intervention, heart rate only decreased significantly in SG from baseline (P=0.01). The quality life parameters did not differ between groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this thesis suggests that the inclusion of 100 g of sardines 5 days a week during 6 months does not improve glycemic control but it could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes by achieving optimal levels of Omega-3 Index. Furthermore, the increase observed in adiponectin levels in SG might indicate beneficial effects on metabolic inflammation, and the gut specific bacterial strains modification in response to sardine diet revealed the close relationship between dietary components and gut microbiota. Additionally, the results show that a diet based on general dietary recomendations for type 2 diabetes and also a diet enriched with sardines could improve insuline resistance of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Oliveira, Cristina da Silva Schreiber de. "Efeito do inibidor da DPP-IV sobre glicemia, glucagon, insulina, peptídeo C, GLP-1 e ácidos graxos livres após dietas isocalóricas de diferentes composições nutricionais em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 virgens de tratamentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-16092013-154823/.
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Introdução: A sitagliptina, inibidor da dipeptidil-peptidase IV, impede a degradação do GLP-1 (peptídeo-1 semelhante ao glucagon), um dos principais hormônios incretínicos. A dieta interfere na secreção de GLP-1, no entanto, a interação das drogas que aumentam o GLP-1 e os macronutrientes da dieta é pouco estudada. Objetivo e Métodos: Determinar o efeito da sitagliptina, na secreção de GLP-1, glucagon, insulina, peptídeo-C, ácidos graxos livres e na glicemia após três dietas, isocalóricas, de diferentes composições nutricionais em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, recém-diagnosticados, virgens de tratamento, quando comparado a uso de placebo. Dezesseis indivíduos nessas condições foram submetidos a dietas hiperglicídica, hiperprotêica e hiperlipídica, isocalóricas entre si. Dosaram-se nos tempos 0, 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos os parâmetros: glicose, insulina, peptídeo C, GLP-1, glucagon e AGL. Foi calculada média de área sob a curva e cálculo da área incremental, além de análise de variância para medidas repetidas. Resultados: Durante o teste de dieta hiperglicídica a glicemia foi maior em todos os tempos quando comparado aos testes com PTN e LPD independentemente do uso de sitagliptina (p<0,05). Sitagliptina diminuiu a glicemia em todos os tempos, quando comparado ao uso de placebo (p<0,05). Durante a dieta CHO, a secreção de glucagon foi menor que nas dietas LPD e PTN (p<0,05). Já a concentração de insulina foi maior com a dieta CHO em relação à dieta LPD (p<0,05). A concentração de insulina e peptídeo C foi maior em todos os tempos na dieta CHO (p<0,05). A concentração de GLP-1 foi significativamente maior durante o teste hiperlipídico em relação à dieta CHO. Durante a dieta LPD, a medida de GLP-1 foi maior em todos os tempos. A dieta CHO apresentou medida de GLP-1 menor em todos os tempos do que as outras dietas (p<0,05). A medida de GLP-1 no tempo foi maior (até 120\') com o uso de sitagliptina do que com o uso do placebo, apesar de não estatisticamente significativa. Os níveis de AGL no tempo foram maiores com o uso do placebo do que com o uso da sitagliptina, apesar de não estatisticamente significativo. Conclusão: Houve diminuição da glicemia em todos os tempos com sitagliptina, independentemente da dieta testada. Houve diminuição do efeito da sitagliptina durante o uso da dieta hiperglicídicaBackground: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidil-peptidase IV inhibitor, prevents the degradation of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1), one of the incretin hormones. It is well-known that diet interferes in the GLP-1 secretion; however, the interaction between drugs that stimulates the release of GLP-1 and the macronutrients from diet is hardly studied. Objective and Methods: To demonstrate the effect of sitagliptin on glycemia, and on the secretion of GLP-1, glucagon, insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids after three isocaloric diets with different nutritional compositions, in drug-naïve patients, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, when compared to the use of placebo. Sixteen individuals were subjected to a high-carbohydrate diet, a high-protein diet, and a high-fat diet, all of which with similar caloric values. At 0, 30, 60, 120 and180 minutes after the diet, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, glucagon, and AGL were measured. The mean area under the curve, the incremental area, and the variance for repeated measures were calculated. Results: During high-carbohydrate diet, glycemia was higher for all time points, when compared to the PTN and LPD diets, independently of sitagliptin (p<0,05). Sitagliptin reduced glycemia during three diets when compared to placebo (p<0,05). During CHO diet, secretion of glucagon was smaller than it was during the LDP and PTN diets (p<0,05). On the other hand, insulin concentration was higher than during the LPD diet (p<0,05). Concentrations of insulin and C-peptide were higher for all the time points during the CHO diet (p<0,05). GLP-1 concentration was significantly higher during the high-fat diet than during the high-carbohydrate diet. During the LPD diet, the quantity of the GLP-1 was larger for all time points. The CHO diet presented lower GLP-1 level, for all the time points, than the other diets (p<0,05). The GLP-1 level (up to 120min) with the use of sitagliptin was higher with LPD and PTN diet than it was with the CHO diet. The AGL levels for all time points were higher with placebo than with sitagliptin, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was a reduction in glycemia with sitagliptin, independently of the diet tested, for all time points. There was a reduction in sitagliptin effect during the use of the high-carbohydrate diet
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Coates, Philip A. "Assessment of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in established non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus : the influence of diet and sulphonylurea therapy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34308.
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This thesis reports on studies validating a modification of 'minimal' model analysis of the FSIVGTT to measure insulin resistance specifically in NIDDM subjects and its use along with a mixed meal test incorporating measurement of specific insulin and proinsulin concentrations to quantify changes in beta-cell function and insulin resistance following two years of diet or sulphonylurea treatment in established NIDDM. All NIDDM subjects displayed severe beta-cell dysfunction (post-prandial insulinopenia and hyperproinsulinaemia) and insulin resistance when compared to age and sex matched normals. Therapeutic interventions failed to normalise either of these abnormalities. Dietary therapy resulted in improved glycaemic control, weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity but most especially improved beta-cell function (increased post-prandial insulin secretion, reduced proinsulin concentrations) at the one year assessment. Two years post-diagnosis post-prandial proinsulin concentrations continued to fall whilst insulin concentrations mirrored those at the time of presentation. Sulphonylurea therapy also resulted in improved glycaemic control but with significant weight gain. Insulin sensitivity tripled over the two year period and beta-cell function also improved after initial increases in both post-prandial insulin secretion and proinsulin concentrations at the one year assessment Reduced 'glucose toxicity' appeared to be a major factor affecting the changes in the measured parameters in both groups of subjects. For diet treated individuals, it is suggested that this reduction rapidly maximises beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity to a predetermined level. Maintenance of glycaemic control subsequently is dependent of factors more difficult (diet, exercise, weight) or impossible to control (time). For sulphonylurea treated subjects, reduction in 'glucose toxicity' was important in improving beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity but the drugs themselves exerted an independent effect, especially on sustained increases in insulin secretion. It is suggested that the continuous use of sulphonylureas may play a causal role in the ultimate deterioration in glycaemic control frequently seen in patients who initially appear to benefit from their effects.
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Sakai, Takeru. "Leptin restores the insulinotropic effect of exenatide in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes with increased adiposity induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195969.
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Schindler, Elisabeth [Verfasser], and Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Culmsee. "Untersuchung des Einflusses einer Medikationsanalyse auf die Therapie von Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes in öffentlichen Apotheken in Deutschland (DIATHEM-Studie) / Elisabeth Schindler ; Betreuer: Carsten Culmsee." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226287360/34.
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Kraus, Melanie [Verfasser]. "Laufsport und Diabetes mellitus : Akuteffekte aerober Laufbandbelastungen auf die Glukosehomöostase und weitere metabolische Parameter bei Typ-1-Diabetikern sowie Langzeiteffekte einer sechsmonatigen strukturierten Trainingsintervention auf die pharmakologische und nicht-medikamentöse Therapie bei Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetikern / Melanie Kraus." Köln : Zentralbibliothek der Deutschen Sporthochschule, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1136664823/34.
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Tsioli, Christiana A. [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Danne. "Sensorunterstützte Insulinpumpentherapie unter Alltagsbedingungen bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 : prospektive Analyse der aktuellen Therapie, Ermittlung von möglichen Defiziten bei der Anwendung und Entwicklung von Konzepten zur besseren Implementierung der Daten in die Therapie / Christiana A. Tsioli ; Akademischer Betreuer: Thomas Danne ; Abteilung für pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie des Kinderkrankenhauses auf der Bult, Hannover." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1116733277/34.
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Chakaroun, Rima. "Effects of weight loss and exercise on chemerin serum concentrations and adipose tissue expression in human obesity." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-158639.
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Chemerin is a chemoattractant adipokine that regulates adipogenesis and may induce insulin resistance. Chemerin serum concentrations are elevated in obese, insulin-resistant, and inflammatory states in vivo. Here we investigate the role of omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue chemerin and CMKLR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human obesity. In addition, we test the hypothesis that changes in chemerin serum concentrations are primarily associated with reduced body fat mass in the context of 3 weight loss intervention studies. Chemerin serum concentration was measured in 740 individuals in a cross-sectional (n = 629) study including a subgroup (n = 161) for which OM and SC chemerin mRNA expression has been analyzed as well as in 3 interventions including 12 weeks of exercise (n = 60), 6 months of calorie-restricted diet (n = 19) studies, and 12 months after bariatric surgery (n = 32). Chemerin mRNA is significantly higher expressed in adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and correlates with circulating chemerin, body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and glucose infusion rate in euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. CMKLR1 mRNA expression was not significantly different between the 2 fat depots. Obesity surgery–induced weight loss causes a significant reduction on both OM and SC chemerin expression. All interventions led to significantly reduced chemerin serum concentrations. Decreased chemerin serum concentrations significantly correlate with improved glucose infusion rate and reduced C-reactive protein levels independently of changes in BMI. Insulin resistance and inflammation are BMI-independent predictors of elevated chemerin serum concentrations. Reduced chemerin expression and serum concentration may contribute to improved insulin sensitivity and subclinical inflammation beyond significant weight loss.
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Tombou, Noumbi Pierre Patrick [Verfasser], Bibra Helene [Akademischer Betreuer] von, Johann Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauner, and Petra-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Schumm-Draeger. "Die subklinische diastolische Dysfunktion bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes kann mittels Gewebedoppler quantifiziert werden mit dem Potential der Verlaufskontrolle bei präventiver Therapie am Beispiel zweier Pilotstudien mit Ramipril und Rosiglitazone / Pierre Patrick Tombou Noumbi. Gutachter: Johann Josef Hauner ; Petra-Maria Schumm-Draeger. Betreuer: Helene von Bibra." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031075518/34.
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Yip, Jussara H. "Certified diabetes educators' perspectives on the effectiveness of meal planning strategies on compliance with meal plan by people with type 2 diabetes." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1661340.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies reported that noncompliance to diabetes treatment may result in a series of health complications. To further understand patients’ noncompliance to meal plans, a study on meal planning strategy was developed. Through a survey Certified Diabetes Educators determined which meal planning strategies were the most effective in encouraging patients’ compliance to meal plan according to age groups (18 and under, 19 to 49, 50 to 70, and 71 and above) and recency of diagnosis (newly- and non-newly diagnosed) with Type 2 diabetes. Results identified that nutrition labels had the greatest mean rating for effectiveness in age groups 18 and under, 19 to 49, and 50 to 70; and healthy food choices had the greatest mean rating for effectiveness with age group 71 and above.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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"The feasibility of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) practice guidelines among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot randomized-controlled trial." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891183.
Full textAbstract:
by Annie Chi Kwan Lam.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-119).
Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaires also in Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii-vi
List of Figures --- p.vii
List of Tables --- p.vii-x
List of Abbreviations --- p.xi
Table of Contents --- p.xii-xvi
Chapter Chapter One: --- Background
Chapter 1.1 --- Diabetes Mellitus: A public health burden
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Definition and Health Consequences --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Asia --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Hong Kong Chinese Population --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Medical Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in Hong Kong --- p.7
Chapter 1.2 --- Clinical Intervention To Improve Glycemic Control
Chapter 1.2.1 --- The United Kingdom Prospective Studies (UKPDS) --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Diabetes and Complications Trial (DCCT) --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Another Clinical Trial of Lifestyle Intervention --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Physical Activity in Diabetes Management --- p.12
Chapter 1.3 --- Dietetic Situation in Hong Kong
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Survey of the Hong Kong Dietetics Situation --- p.15
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Current Situation of Prince of Wales Hospital --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Diabetes Knowledge and Compliance Level in Hong Kong Patients --- p.22
Chapter 1.4 --- Medical Nutrition Therapy and Practice Guidelines
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Definition --- p.24
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Development of the Practice Guidelines --- p.24
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Recommended Procedure for the Practice Guidelines in Type 2 Diabetic Patients --- p.28
Chapter 1.5 --- Study Purpose and Objectives --- p.32
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Study Design and Method
Chapter 2.1 --- Research Design --- p.34
Chapter 2.2 --- Sample Selection --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Method of Randomization --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Sample Size Calculation --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Inclusion Criteria --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Exclusion Criteria --- p.38
Chapter 2.3 --- Summary of Patient Procedure --- p.38
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definition Of The Two Treatments --- p.41
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Research Procedure For PGC Group --- p.43
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Research Procedure For CC Group --- p.49
Chapter 2.4 --- Outcome Measures
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Anthropometrics Variable --- p.50
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Laboratory Data --- p.51
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Pre-testing For Questionnaires --- p.51
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Dietary Variables --- p.52
Chapter 2.4.5 --- Measurement of Diabetes Knowledge --- p.53
Chapter 2.4.6 --- Measurement of Barriers To Diet Compliance --- p.54
Chapter 2.4.7 --- Measurement of Physical Activity --- p.54
Chapter 2.4.8 --- Measurement of Barriers To Exercise Compliance --- p.54
Chapter 2.4.9 --- Measurement of Overall Compliance in MNT --- p.55
Chapter 2.5 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.57
Chapter 2.6 --- Ethics --- p.58
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results
Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects and Response Rate --- p.60
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Baseline Characteristics of the PGC and CC Group --- p.61
Chapter 3.2 --- Results of Intervention Process Between PGC and CC Group
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Attendance Rate --- p.67
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Total Patient-Dietitian Contact Time --- p.67
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Satisfaction With Dietetic Services --- p.68
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Other Alternatives Treatment --- p.69
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Changes In Medical Therapy After Intervention --- p.69
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Hospital Admission --- p.71
Chapter 3.3 --- Outcomes - Questionnaires Results Between PGC and CC Group
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Food Frequency Questionnaire --- p.72
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Physical Activity Questionnaire --- p.72
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Diabetes Knowledge --- p.72
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Barrier To Diet Compliance --- p.72
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Barrier To Exercise Compliance --- p.73
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Overall Medical Nutrition Therapy Compliance --- p.78
Chapter 3.4 --- Outcomes - Anthropometry Results Between PGC and CC Group --- p.79
Chapter 3.5 --- Outcomes - Laboratory Results Between PGC and CC Group
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Glycemic Control --- p.83
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Lipid --- p.84
Chapter Chapter four: --- Discussion and Conclusion
Chapter 4.1 --- Enrollment
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Response Rates --- p.91
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Behavior Change Model --- p.92
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Participation of Subjects --- p.93
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Randomization --- p.93
Chapter 4.2 --- Measurements
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Questionnaire --- p.94
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Blinding Process --- p.94
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Laboratory --- p.94
Chapter 4.3 --- Outcomes
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Questionnaire Outcomes --- p.95
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Anthropometry Outcomes --- p.100
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Glycemic Outcomes --- p.102
Chapter 4.3.4 --- MNT Process Outcomes --- p.103
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Limitations --- p.104
Chapter 4.4 --- Clinical Significance and Implications --- p.104
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions and Recommendations --- p.110
References --- p.112
Appendices --- p.120
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SCHREIBEROVÁ, Tereza. "Dieta při cukrovce II. typu a možnosti rozšiřování jídelníčku diabetiků." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174937.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the diet during the diabetes mellitus type 2 disease and with possibilities of enriching the diabetic?s diet. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the description of this disease and the topic of the diet therapy ? what diets can be followed by diabetes patients and whether the diet is appropriate. The practical part of the thesis is dealing with the enrichment of the diabetic diets. Results of the questionnaire shown which meals are missed by the diabetics and for some of them were designed the recipes. According to the recipes were cooked diabetic dishes which were after that given to tasting and rating. Based on the statistic test and results of the rating dishes were evaluated to decide which are preferred to put in diabetic diet and which are not. I also prepared one exemplary menu including mentioned dishes.
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Mamerow, Madonna Marie 1978. "Biopsychosocial outcomes of a resilience and diabetes self-management education intervention in African American adults with type 2 diabetes." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17983.
Full textAbstract:
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) currently affects more than three million African American adults with double the number expected by 2025. The most effective and safest treatment for T2DM is lifestyle change therapy, including healthful eating, monitoring of blood glucose, and physical activity. However, current lifestyle change interventions are limited in their scope to alter the behaviors of individuals to more healthful ones. These limitations may be attributed, in part, to a lack of attention given to enhancing an individual’s psychosocial process variables, such as resilience, coping skills, selfleadership, and empowerment. Incorporating resilience education into lifestyle change therapies is a novel approach that addresses the behavior modification limitations of current interventions by aiming to enhance psychosocial process variables. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to conduct a six-month pilot study to determine the feasibility of our resilience and diabetes self-management intervention, The Diabetes Coaching Program: Transforming Lives Through Resilience Education, in a convenience sample of African American adults (n=16) with T2DM. The intervention included four weekly resilience and diabetes education classes and eight bi-weekly support group sessions. Survey data and blood samples were collected at baseline and at six months. Twelve participants completed the study (75% retention). Results indicated that higher perceived stress scores were associated with less resilience, fewer adaptive coping skills, lower selfleadership, lower diabetes empowerment and greater depressive symptoms. However, diabetes empowerment was the only psychosocial process variable to be significantly enhanced by the intervention at six months. Weight, BMI, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased at six months, whereas, lymphocyte proliferation and physical activity were significantly increased. These data indicate that our intervention has the potential to improve diabetes selfmanagement among African Americans with T2DM and increase positive health outcomes, though further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Additionally, several lessons were learned from conducting the pilot study that may be useful for improving the intervention for future studies, including: recruitment and retention strategies; cultural competency issues; the use of complementary and alternative medicine practices by African Americans with T2DM; and approaches for increasing participant self-assessment and goal-setting.text
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Šilerová, Tereza. "Zkoumání schopnosti retence informací z verbální edukace nutričního režimu a efektu této edukace u obézních jedinců středního věku s diabetes mellitus 2. typu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356400.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis focuses on the disease diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of this disease. It describes typical symptoms, classification and diagnostics. It also outlines and explains the complications that may occur as a result of the disease and that may be avoided or whose inception and development may at least be delayed. Depending on their type and extent, these complications may significantly reduce quality of life as well as overall life expectancy. It is therefore essential to ensure that patients are properly educated in the right therapy. Education itself is covered in the section of the chapter devoted to treating diabetes mellitus. The practical part of the diploma thesis is devoted to research, focusing on the ability to retain information following verbal nutritional education of patients with diabetes. The aim of the research is to determine the percentage of information that patients gain from education on diet therapy, thus confirming or rebutting the established hypotheses. The research thus serves to determine the effectiveness of education in the care of diabetics. Keywords: diabetes, education, information retention, diet therapy
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Navarro, Amanda Maria Begley Charles E. McCurdy Sheryl. "A qualitative assessment of multi-level nutrition strategies for reducing racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes." 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1425306511&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=68716&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Dr. P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7285. Adviser: Lu Ann Aday. Includes bibliographical references.
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Scheepker, Anja. "Charakterisierung von Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes, die bis 2002/2003 mit täglich zwei Injektionen von Depot-Insulin Hoechst CR oder CS behandelt wurden." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B140-0.
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"Dietary intake, diet-related knowledge and metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 6-10 years attending the paediatric diabetic clinics at Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3445.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake, diet-related knowledge and
metabolic control in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus between the ages of 6-10 years
attending the Paediatric Diabetic Clinics at Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg and Inkosi
Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.
This was a cross sectional observational study that was carried out in a total of 30 subjects
out of a possible 35 subjects that qualified for inclusion in the study from both the Grey’s
Hospital clinic (n=8) and IALCH clinic (n=22).
The dietary intake was assessed in a total of 25 subjects using a three day dietary record
(n=20) and a 24 hour recall of the third day of the record (n=16). Diet-related knowledge
was assessed using a multiple choice questionnaire. Metabolic control was assessed using
the most recent HbA1c and the mean HbA1c results over the previous 12 months from the
date of data collection. Height and weight measurements were also carried out.
Information on socioeconomic status and education status of the caregivers was obtained
from 22 caregivers through follow-up phone calls. All measurements except for dietary
intake were obtained from all subjects participating in the study.
The mean percentage contribution of macronutrients to total energy was very similar to the
International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Consensus
Guidelines (2002). The mean percentage contribution of macronutrients to total energy
from the 3 day dietary records and the 24 hour recalls were as follows: carbohydrate (52%
and 49%); sucrose (2% and 2%); protein (16% and 17%); fat (32% and 34%).
Micronutrient intake was adequate for all micronutrients except for calcium and vitamin D
which showed low intakes.
The mean diet-related knowledge score for the sample was 67% with significantly higher
scores in children older than 8 years of age.
The latest HbA1c for the sample was 9.7% and the mean HbA1c over the previous 12
months from the date of data collection was 9.6%. There was a significant positive
correlation between age of the participant and the latest HbA1c (r = 0.473; p=0.008) and a
significant negative correlation between the education level of the caregivers and the latest
HbA1c (r = - 0.578; p=0.005) and the mean HbA1c over 12 months (r = - 0.496; p=0.019).
Significant differences were found between African and Indian children respectively for
HbA1c, with higher values in African children. There was no correlation between BMI for
age and latest HbA1c (r = 0.203, p=0.282) or mean HbA1c over 12 months (r = 0.101,
p=0.594). Z score for BMI for age was also not correlated with latest HbA1c (r = 0.045,
p=0.814) or mean HbA1c over 12 months (r = - 0.012, p=0.951). Children from the Grey’s
Hospital Clinic were found to have higher HbA1c values (p=0.001) and lower diet-related
knowledge scores as compared to the children from the IALCH Clinic (p=0.038). It should
be noted that the ethnic and racial composition of the children attending these two clinics
differed.
In conclusion the macronutrient intake in this sample was found to be similar to the ISPAD
Consensus Guidelines (2002) while calcium and vitamin D intakes were low. Overall this
sample displayed good diet-related knowledge while metabolic control was found to be
poor.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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Strowski, Mathias [Verfasser]. "Eignung pankreatischer Inselhormonrezeptoren für die experimentelle Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und der Adipositas / von Mathias Z. Strowski." 2006. http://d-nb.info/980853753/34.
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Gerlach, Martina [Verfasser]. "Facilitated PCI vs. Primär-PCI in der Therapie des akuten ST-Elevationsinfarkts unter besonderer Betrachtung der Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus : die Daten des Myokardinfarktregisters des Unfallkrankenhauses Berlin / von Martina Gerlach." 2007. http://d-nb.info/988263343/34.
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Chakaroun, Rima. "Effects of weight loss and exercise on chemerin serum concentrations and adipose tissue expression in human obesity." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13074.
Full textAbstract:
Chemerin is a chemoattractant adipokine that regulates adipogenesis and may induce insulin resistance. Chemerin serum concentrations are elevated in obese, insulin-resistant, and inflammatory states in vivo. Here we investigate the role of omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue chemerin and CMKLR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human obesity. In addition, we test the hypothesis that changes in chemerin serum concentrations are primarily associated with reduced body fat mass in the context of 3 weight loss intervention studies. Chemerin serum concentration was measured in 740 individuals in a cross-sectional (n = 629) study including a subgroup (n = 161) for which OM and SC chemerin mRNA expression has been analyzed as well as in 3 interventions including 12 weeks of exercise (n = 60), 6 months of calorie-restricted diet (n = 19) studies, and 12 months after bariatric surgery (n = 32). Chemerin mRNA is significantly higher expressed in adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and correlates with circulating chemerin, body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and glucose infusion rate in euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. CMKLR1 mRNA expression was not significantly different between the 2 fat depots. Obesity surgery–induced weight loss causes a significant reduction on both OM and SC chemerin expression. All interventions led to significantly reduced chemerin serum concentrations. Decreased chemerin serum concentrations significantly correlate with improved glucose infusion rate and reduced C-reactive protein levels independently of changes in BMI. Insulin resistance and inflammation are BMI-independent predictors of elevated chemerin serum concentrations. Reduced chemerin expression and serum concentration may contribute to improved insulin sensitivity and subclinical inflammation beyond significant weight loss.