Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diagenèse argileuse'
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Capet, Xavier. "Paléoenvironnements et diagenèse argileuse dans le domaine Caraïbe au Cénozoïque." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10046.
Full textLanson, Bruno. "Mise en évidence des mécanismes de transformation des interstratifiés illite/smectite au cours de la diagenèse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778555.
Full textRousset, Davy. "Etude de la fraction argileuse de séquences sédimentaires de la Meuse et du Gard : reconstitution de l'histoire diagénétique et des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des cicles. Aspects minéralogiques, géochimiques et isotopiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011348.
Full textVery low-permeable argillaceous rocks like Callovo-Oxfordian claystones or Vraconian siltstones were chosen to host a research laboratory built to determine the physico-chemical properties of the host formations for a potential underground disposal of radioactive waste. Knowledge and understanding of post-sedimentary modifications are of prime importance for definition of these properties; evaluation and quantification of the post-sedimentary changes represent the aim of this study, focused specifically on the clay material of the sequences. Samples were taken from two drillings (HTM102 and MAR501). In the HTM102 core samples, illite and mixed-layers illite/smectite are the dominant clay components of most clay fractions. Systematic SEM and TEM observations and isotopic K-Ar and Rb-Sr analyses pointed to diagenetic neoformations of carbonates (calcite, dolomite) and clays. For instance, veils and laths of authigenic clay particles around old detrital ones can distinctly be observed. The epoch, duration and extent of the diagenetic activity(ies) are difficult to evaluate because of an overall detrital contribution even in the finest granulometric fractions. However, analysis of a bentonite layer in the sequence provides a diagenetic reference for the authigenic clay material. Correlation between relative sea level and authigenesis of smectite-rich mineral has been outlined. Chemistry of diagenetic fluids also seems to be reliable with sea level variations. These observations argue in favour of diagenetic activities limited in restricted rock volumes. The case study of MAR501 is close to the HTM102 one: smectite-rich illite/smectite mixed-layers represent the major component of the clay fraction and K-Ar values argue in the sense of a mixing between detrital and younger clay populations. Diagenetic glauconites in the sequence yield an age close to 93,7±0,3Ma for Vraconian level, in agreement with stratigraphical data. The case study of a clay-filled fault within the sequence favors a confined-sequence behaviour. Indeed, no migrations of elements and especially of REE took place during fluid flows, the clay minerals preserving their geochemical properties. All the results favor reliable confinment properties of the low-permeable argillaceous sequences
Lavastre, Véronique. "Evénements sédimentaires, diagénétiques et post-diagénétiques dans la formation argileuse du Callovo-Oxfordien (Bassin de Paris, France) : enregistrement isotopique des minéraux et de l'eau porale." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077103.
Full textRousset, Davy. "Etude de la fraction argileuse de séquences sédimentaires de la Meuse et du Gard. Reconstitution de l'histoire diagénétique et des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des cibles.Aspects minéralogiques, géochimiques et isotopiques." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011348.
Full textParis ou les siltites vraconiennes du Gard, ont été choisies pour l'implantation éventuelle d'un
laboratoire souterrain destiné à tester les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces formations dans
l'éventualité d'un stockage profond de déchets nucléaires. La connaissance et la compréhension des
modifications post-sédimentaires sont fondamentales dans la définition de ces propriétés. Le but du
présent travail visait donc à évaluer et quantifier ces changements par l'étude de ces roches, en
particulier des minéraux argileux.
Les échantillons proviennent de deux forages (HTM102 et MAR501). Les principaux minéraux
argileux dans le forage HTM102 sont l'illite et les interstratifiés illite/smectite. Les observations au
MET et au MEB couplées aux analyses isotopiques K-Ar et Rb-Sr mettent en évidence la néoformation de carbonates (calcite, dolomite) et d'argiles. Celles-ci apparaissent au MET comme des particules authigènes lattées en croissance sur des particules détritiques. La durée et l'extension de ces événements diagénétiques sont difficiles à évaluer du fait d'une contamination systématique des
échantillons par une contribution détritique, et ce même dans les fractions les plus fines. Cependant,
l'étude d'un niveau de bentonite dans la séquence permet de caler l'époque et la durée de la
diagenèse. En assimilant cette bentonite à un pôle authigène, il a été possible de reconstruire les
variations des valeurs K-Ar de chaque fraction argileuse dans la séquence. Ainsi, la corrélation
observée entre les variations du niveau marin relatif et la formation d'un matériel argileux riche en
smectite d'une part, et des chimies de fluides différentes d'autre part, sont autant d'arguments en
faveur de réactions diagénétiques en système sinon clos du moins restreint.
Les travaux sur le forage MAR501 sont comparables à ceux réalisés sur le forage HTM102, avec
également un mélange entre deux populations argileuses d'âge différent. Les glauconites
diagénétiques ont permis de caler le Vraconien au voisinage de 93,7 ± 0,3 Ma, en accord avec les
données stratigraphiques. L'étude d'une fracture colmatée par une matrice essentiellement argileuse
confirme le caractère confiné de cette séquence. Aucune migration d'éléments, et en particulier de
TR, n'a été mise en évidence lors de la circulation de paléofluides, indiquant que les minéraux
argileux ont conservé leurs propriétés géochimiques.
L'ensemble de ces résultats est en faveur de propriétés de confinement fiables dans le cas des deux séquences argileuses.
Peyaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Diagenèse et transferts en milieu argileux fracturé : l'argilité de Tournemire (Aveyron, France)." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112051.
Full textThe Tournemire experimental site (Aveyron, France) is located on the Western border of the Causses basin and is studied by the French Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection (IPSN) as natural analogue of a nuclear waste disposal site in shale. This work focused on the variation of the shale confinement capacities during its geological evolution. Sedimentary dynamics are unclear during Early Cretaceous due to an important Cretaceous erosion event. The regional thermal history was reconstructed to solve this problem. Fission tracks modeling reveals a fast denudation of buried sediments beginning at 120-110 Ma and compatible with the development of the Durancian Isthmus in the South-East Basin. T_max modeling agrees with the deposition of 800 to 1600 m thick sediments during Early Cretaceous. These sediments were removed during the Cretaceous erosion event. Fluid inclusion data and delta 18_O in calcite fracture cements indicate they were crystallized from hot (80 to 120ʿC) diagenetic brines during the Jurassic extension and from cold (30 to 40ʿC) fluids with a strong meteoric component during the Eocene compression. Although carbonates were recrystallized in a metric zone in shale near to a fault connected to the overlying aquifer, uranium and thorium remained trapped in shale. Rare earth elements are slightly mobilized and migrate toward the main fault plane. The shale capacity to retain radionuclides remains intact during compression, in spite of an alteration of its sealing capacity
Virolle, Maxime. "Origine et prédiction spatio-temporelle des tapissages argileux dans les réservoirs silicoclastiques - Apports de la comparaison entre des réservoirs enfouis (Permien et Crétacé) et un analogue actuel (estuaire de la Gironde) Detrital clay grain coats in estuarine clastic deposits: origin and spatial distribution within a modern sedimentary system, the Gironde Estuary (south-west France) Influence of sedimentation and detrital clay grain coats on chloritized sandstone reservoir qualities: Insights from comparisons between ancient tidal heterolithic sandstones and a modern estuarine system Identification of a chloritization process in the Wealden facies sandstones (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin, France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS190.
Full textThe reservoir quality is one of the "risk" factors for hydrocarbon exploration or for the future development of geothermal energy in siliciclastic hydrosystems. Reservoir properties are defined by porosity and permeability values. In deep buried siliciclastic reservoirs, chlorite coatings around quartz grains help to preserve these properties. The mechanisms behind these coatings are still poorly understood. The objectives of this study are: (1) to characterize (mineralogy, crystallography, textural and microstructural properties) and to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of clay and clay coatings in well constrained sedimentary environments and within a well-defined stratigraphic framework; (2) to better understand the factors controlling the formation of clay coatings in siliciclastic reservoirs; (3) to describe the intermediate processes of authigenic chlorite formation via different precursor minerals during burial; (4) to predict the distribution of good reservoir properties in relation to clay coatings. The modern analogue chosen for this study is the Gironde estuary, where the presence of detrital clay grain coats was detected in the intertidal zone of tidal and point bars, but also in pluri-meters long sedimentary cores. The formation mechanisms of these coatings have been investigated with the interaction between hydrodynamic and biological processes. Analogies with buried sandstone reservoirs (>3500m) showed that sand facies of external tidal bars deposited at the end of a transgressive cycle are the preferred targets for finding good reservoir properties in estuarine reservoirs. The evolution of detrital clay grain coats during burial was approached by studying buried reservoirs between 400 and 1000m deep. The detrital coatings are transformed into berthierine and mixed-layer chlorite-smectite at depths between 600 and 900m and temperatures between 30-40°C. These minerals are true precursors to ferrous chlorite coatings that appear at greater depth
Bartier, Danièle. "Contrôle lithologique et diagenèse des minéraux argileux dans le Crétacé inférieur basco-cantabrique (N. Espagne)." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10158.
Full textMeiller, Clémentine. "Étude cristallochimique de solutions solides de minéraux argileux : Impact de la déshydratation des smectites sur les surpressions dans les bassins sédimentaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066250.
Full textSince the energetic demand is increasing, the oil companies have to prospect in more hostile drilling conditions, such as in deep buried reservoirs that can present overpressures. Among the mechanisms put in evidence to explain the generation of overpressure there is water released from mineral reaction. This PhD thesis focuses on the contribution of the reaction of smectite dehydration. Smectites are clay minerals belonging to the phyllosilicates swelling family. Their particularity is to incorporate water in their structure, leading to huge volume variations. They present a wide chemical variability: cationic substitutions impart a net negative charge to the 2:1 layer, compensated by interlayer cations, such as Na+ or Ca2+. In a first part, we calculated cell parameters of dioctahedral smectites in the systems SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-H2O and SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaO-H2O, in a wide range of chemical compositions by Rietveld analysis from X-ray diffraction patterns, for different hydration states. Chemical formulae have been determined by scanning electronic microscopy with an energy dispersive probe. Margules parameters of each solid solution have been determined for a non ideal asymetric model. It appears that hydration is the main factor influencing molar volume variations but chemical composition has an effect too. In a second part, we combined results from the thermodynamic study with data extracted from basin modelling, in order to estimate the contribution of smectite dehydration on overpressure generation in sedimentary basins. The case studied is from Niger Delta, where can be found high sedimentary rates, thick shale layers and overpressures due to undercompaction
Lassin, Arnault. "Thermodynamique de l'hydratation et modélisation de la stabilité des argiles : application à la pédogenèse climatique et à la diagenèse hydrothermale /." Orléans : Éd. BRGM, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37651878s.
Full textMichel, Pauline. "Etude expérimentale des interactions organo-minérales de roches argilo-carbonatées : Application au Callovo-Oxfordien de la Meuse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1GE03.
Full textPloquin, Florian. "Argiles, traceurs de paléoconditions diagénétiques et hydrothermales." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2287.
Full textWithin the framework of the multi-organization TAPSS 2000 program - GNR-FORPRO, led on the Bure site (Meuse-France), the ANDRA Company realized a deep drilling (named EST 433) to investigate the local Trias because the grounds Triassic levels constituting the bed rock of Clayey level for the storage of the nuclear waste. The drilling cut the Trias rocks on a total thickness of 700m, successively from the bottom up: (1) the Buntsandstein (120 m) is characterized by sandy-conglomerat facies ; (2) the Muschelkalk (150m) is essentially consisted of clayey-sandy-siltstone series headed by a dolomitic deposit system ; (3) the Keuper part (450m) is an alternation of sandy-claystone or silty-claystone deposits with insertions of saliferous levels ; (4) finally the rethienne part of the drilling associated with Hettangien (80 m), are characterized by clayey-shale facies. This lithostratigraphy can redraw the evolution of the sedimentary paléoenvironments since fluviatiles circles (Buntsandstein) then lagoon (upper Muschelkalk), to large floods plains systems occasionaly invaded by sea (Keuper) and, finally, in an epicontinental sea context (Rhétien-Hettangien) announcing the generalized transgressive phase of which the progressive evolution coming from the border towards the center of the basin. The nearness of the continental areas is recorded in the detrital fraction of the Triassic sediments. The geochemistry of these materials signs their continental crust character and their associated isotopic Nd-Sm values gives a Hercynian meta-sediments and granites origin with from time to time a contribution of young forming rock. The mineralogy of the clayey fraction (< 0,2µm) shows that only the conglomerate on the base of the drilling consists of an assembly of dickite and illites strictly associated with regular illite / smectite mixed-layer of R=1 type illite-rich. These last ones are the main part of the clayey mineralogy of the draining facies of Buntsandstein and are in association with other clay in the rest of the Triassic series. Corrensites, regular chlorite/smectite mixed-layer of R=1 type (50/50) are developed in the Muschelkalk and Keuper magnesium rich levels. They disappear in the Rhetien-Hettangien transition, in fine facies rich in organic matter, where irregular illite/smectite mixed-layer of R=0 type were protected. These authigenics clays and the isotopic data indicate that this East part of the Paris basin is under the combined influence of a thermal history controlled by a low geothermal gradient and fluids circulations. The low geothermal gradient (30°C. Km-1) is recorded by a moderate diagenesis in the Muschelkalk and Keuper lithofacies. The fluids circulations are identified in all the studied series but are the most remarkable in silicoclastic draining lithofacies of Buntsanstein. Dated, they mark some events during Liassic period
Girard, Jean-Pierre. "Diagenèse hydrothermale tardive des sédiments greso-argileux du protérozoïque supérieur du bassin de Taoudeni (Afrique de l'Ouest)." Poitiers, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985POIT2054.
Full textLevert, Josiane. "Répartition géographique des minéraux argileux dans les sédiments mésozoïques du bassin subalpin : mise en évidence d'une diagenèse complexe." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10014.
Full textLaverret, Emmanuel. "Evolutions temporelles et spatiales des altérations argileuses des gisements d'uranium sous discordance, secteur de Shea Creek (bassin de l'Athabasca, Canada)." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2310.
Full textA detailed study of clays minerals assemblages has been performed in the Shea Creek prospect (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada), with more than 160 samples representing the diagenetic background and the vicinity of U mineralizations. Petrographic studies, textural analysis (SEM), crystal-chemical characterisation (XRD, FTIR and microprobe analysis) and K-Ar dating allow to define spatially the alteration assemblages are associated with the main mineralization event. Their genesis has been reconstructed. Between approximately 1600 et 1400 Ma, sandstone formations were affected by a kaolinite-dickite diagenesis as observed regionally in the basin. The first illitization stage (± dravite) is situated between 1400-1350 Ma, and dates the opening of the diagenetic system to basement fluids, resulting probably of the reactivation of tectonic structures. The period 1350-1150 Ma corresponds to new illitization phases, which are certainly associated with a long activity of the faults system. The microstructural and textural properties of illites are good indicators of the paleoconditions during their formation: (1) 1Mc-illite (lath morphologies) have grown at the expense of kaolin minerals and the fluids had lower sursaturations than (2) 1Mt-illite (hairy morphologies), associated with sudoite. This illite have grown from fluids which reflects a strong contribution of alteration products of basement rocks. From an exploration point of view, the model show a strong relation between U-mineralization and an 1Mt-illite + sudoite + dravite assemblage
Daoudi, Lahcen. "Sédimentation et diagenèse des argiles du Jurassique-supérieur à l'Eocène dans le bassin du Haut-Atlas occidental (Maroc)." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10013.
Full textAnjos, Camila Wense Dias dos. "Facteurs conditionnant la genèse des minéraux argileux des blackshales et des pélites associées à la formation Irati, Nord du Bassin du Paraná." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Wense-Dias-Dos-Anjos-Camila/2008-Wense-Dias-Dos-Anjos-Camila.pdf.
Full textLa Formation Irati (Permien) présente une vaste distribution dans le Bassin du Paraná, depuis les états de Goiás et de Mato Grosso, au nord, jusqu'à le Rio Grande do Sul, au sud du Brésil. Cette unité fréquemment se trouve traversée par sills de diabase, dont la chaleur change la minéralogie initiale des roches sédimentaires. La géométrie hétérogène du bassin à l'époque de dépôt a rendu propice le développement de différentes faciès sédimentaires dans cette unité, favorisant le dépôt de roches terrigènes au sud du bassin et carbonatées et évaporitiques au nord. Au nord du bassin, où se trouve le secteur d'étude de cette thèse, six faciès sédimentaires ont été reconnues pour la Formation Irati: Faciès Carbonaté Dolomitique, Faciès Pélitique Inférieur, Faciès Carbonaté Oolitique, Faciès Pélitique Supérieur, Faciès Stromatolitique et Faciès Carbonaté Rosé. Les quatre premiers faciès sont reconnus dans tout le bord nord du bassin, et les deux derniers arrivent seulement dans la région de Alto Garças - MT. La composition minéralogique des pélites de cette région, ainsi que les caractéristiques sédimentaires, se distinguent de leurs équivalents dans les autres régions du bassin. Les black shales et les niveaux d'argillite verte intercalés sont composés anormalement de smectites-Mg et -Fe, saponite et nontronite respectivement. Elles se distinguent en outre par la basse concentration d'Al et des álcalis. Pour la caractérisation de la paragenèse sédimentaire de ces pelites, il faut premièrement identifier l'influence de la chaleur des sills sous ces roches. La saponite est encore présente dans le contact avec les corps ignés. Proche des sills, la formation de saponite s’accompagne de talc, serpentine, pyroxène et plagioclase. Les cristaux métamorphiques ont été différenciés des composantes sédimentaires à partir des caractéristiques texturales et quantités relatives. Les black shales sans influence thermique de sills sont formés majoritairement par de la saponite et du quartz, avec des petites quantités de talc, nontronite et serpentine. Les argillites vertes sont formées par de la nontronite, lizardite et quartz, avec des contributions de saponite et de talc. La formation des minéraux argileux mentionnés ci-dessus est rapportée à l’altération des minéraux détritiques mafiques (pyroxène, amphibole, olivine), qui peuvent provenir ou d'un secteur proximal, dans les voisinages du bassin, ou de sources volcaniques distantes dont les débris ont été déposés à partir de la chute de cendres dans le bassin. L'actuelle configuration du secteur source au nord du bassin n'est pas cohérente avec la composition des minéraux argileux des pelites (saponite, talc, lizardite, nontronite), ni avec les autres minéraux détritiques associés (spinelle, amphibole, pyroxène, chromite entre autres). Ces derniers indiquent une source composée principalement par des roches mafiques/ultramafiques. Un niveau d'argilitte verte intercalée dans les black shales est formé principalement par de la nontronite et du quartz. Elle présente des quantités anormales de zircon, monazite, apatite et chromite, et de hautes teneurs en ETR. L’anomalie en Cérium et accentuée. Ces caractéristiques indiquent la contribution de cendres volcaniques dans la formation de cette argilitte, qui selon sa composition géochimique possède une affinité avec des roches andésitiques. Des activités volcaniques permiennes avec une composition intermédiaire à basique sont reconnues dans le Groupe Mitu, dans la portion centrale de Andes
The Permian Irati Formation has an extensive distribution in the Paraná basin, and is frequently intruded by diabase sills. The heterogeneous geometry of the basin in the depositional time propitiated the development of different sedimentary facies in this unit and favored the deposition of terrigenous rocks in the south portion of the basin and carbonate and evaporitic rocks in the north portion. In the north area, six sedimentary facies were distinguished in the Irati Formation: Dolomitic Carbonate Facies, Lower Pelitic Facies, Oolitic Carbonate Facies, Upper Pelitic Facies, Stromatolitic Facies and Pink Carbonate Facies. The first four facies are recognized in all the north area of the basin, but the last two ones occur only next to Alto Garças city. The pelites of these facies have a distinct mineral composition when compared with other areas of the basin. The black shales and green claystones interbedded have low amounts of Al and alkalis and they are anomalously formed of saponite and nontronite respectively. Saponite occurs in rocks without sill thermal influence and also in the contact with intrusive rocks. Thus, it is necessary to identify the non-metamorphic assemblages from the metamorphic ones in order to research the geochemical signature of the sediment sources. Next to the sills, the crystals of saponite, talc, lizardite, pyroxene and plagioclase were formed. These metamorphic minerals can be distinguished from the sedimentary ones by their relative quantities and texture. The black shales without sill thermal influence are formed predominantly by saponite and quartz, with less amounts of talc, lizardite and nontronite. The interbedded green claystones are composed of nontronite, lizardite and quartz, and in lesser amounts of talc and saponite. The formation of the Mg- and Fe-rich clay minerals is related to the alteration of mafic minerals (pyroxene, amphibole, olivine), whose origin could be either a proximal source area or a distal contemporaneous active volcanos (ashes). The clay minerals components of the pelites (saponite, talc, lizardite and nontronite) as well as the detrital minerals associated (Cr-spinel, amphibole, pyroxene, chromite among others) indicate a source area with a predominant mafic/ultramafic composition. One level of green claystone formed by nontronite and quartz has anomalous amounts of euhedral zircon, monazite, apatite and chromite, as well as high amounts of REE. These features indicate an important volcanic ash contribution to this level. According to their geochemical composition, these volcanic ashes have an andesitic composition. Permian volcanic activities with intermediate to basic composition are recorded in the Mitu Group, Central Andes
Anjos, Camila Wense Dias dos Meunier Alain Guimarães Edi Mendes. "Facteurs conditionnant la genèse des minéraux argileux des blackshales et des pélites associées à la formation Irati, Nord du Bassin du Paraná tores condicionantes na gênese dos argilominerais dos folhelhos negros e pelitos associados da formação Irati no norte da Bacia do Paraná /." Poitiers : I-Medias, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=230.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Texte en portugais et en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr.185 ref.
Badaut, Denise. "Les argiles et les composés silico-ferriques des sédiments métallifères de la fosse Atlantis II (Mer Rouge) : formation et diagenèse des dépôts." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112288.
Full textMetalliferous sediments from the Atlantis II Deep constitute an important submarine ore deposit. Since their discovery in 1966 mineralogical and geochemical studies have focussed on the processes creating these finely laminated metalliferous sediments. Clays and silico-ferric compounds, often poorly cristallized, are abundant and although being good indicators of physico-chemical, conditions prevalent during deposition have not been well studied. New technical development (X-ray transmission diffraction, electron optical investigation, Mossbauer spectrometry, oxygen isotopes) now allow better identification of the mineralogical members of this group, leading to new theories on their depositional history. New mineral phases identified include: an entirely ferrous smectite with a formula approaching Si4-x Alx Fe2+3 OH2 010 Nax, found for the first time in a natural environment and precipitated from a hot (130°C) fluid under reducing conditions. A ferripyrophyIlite, 2:1, dioctahedral clay, with electrostatically neutral layers of formula Si4 Fe3+2 OH2 010, formed from relatively cool fluids (55 to 65°C) a silico ferric compound hisingerite, with weak organization, being clay mineral precursor a ferrihygrite and feroxyhyte, being cryptocrystalline iron oxyhydroxides and precipitated at the brine sediment interface. A zonation has been established from various clay facies encountered in the metalliferous deposits. Three stages are proposed in their formation
Ngombi-Pemba, Lauriss-Paule. "Géochimie et minéralogie des formations argileuses (2.2 - 2.0 Ga) du bassin de Franceville au Gabon : fluctuations de l'oxygène atmosphérique, chimie des océans et diagenèse au Paléoprotérozoïque." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2259.
Full textThe Paleoproterozoic Francevillian series (2.2–2.0 Ga) of Gabon is well known for its natural nuclear reactor and for having provided evidence of the earliest large colonial macrofossils. These ancient rocks also contain unexpected smectite-rich mixed layers minerals. However, few data are available yet on the oxygenation state of the atmosphere and ocans during the deposition of the Francevillian sediments. In order to investigate the nature of marine water-column chemistry, samples representing the entire section (FB, FC, and FD formations) were subjected to multielement (C, S, Fe, trace metals, and REE) biogeochemical study. In addition, to assess the impact of atmospheric and oceanic paleoredox conditions on clay minerals, a clay minralogical study was performed. Geochemical data show deep water oxic conditions during deposition of FB and FC formations in agreement with the Lomagundi Event (LE). Nevertheless the interlayered Mn and Fe deposits occured in ferruginous anoxic conditions reflecting sea-level changes. The FD black shales reflect euxinic conditions. These conditions, are indicated by trace metals enrichment, negative shift of δ13Corg values and δ98Mo. The Francevillian series show direct geochemical evidence for the state of atmospheric and ocean oxygenation both during and after the LE. These data confirm a significant decrease in the oxygenation of ocean water in the aftermath of the LE and the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). The mineralogical results reveal that the clay mineralogical signature observed in the basin, is not the consequence of the atmospheric oxygen fluctuations. The survival of smectitic minerals is strictly dependent on diagenetic transfo
Lassin, Arnault. "Thermodynamique de l'hydratation et modelisation de la stabilite des argiles. Application a la pedogenese climatique et a la diagenese hydrothermale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13228.
Full textMercier, Éric. "Précambrien de Coal Creek Dome (montagnes Ogilvie, Yukon, Canada)." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10080.
Full textRinckenbach, Thierry. "Diagenese minerale des sediments petroliferes du delta fossile de la mahakam (indonesie) : evolution mineralogique et isotopique des composants argileux et histoire thermique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13117.
Full textGarcia, de Oliveira Marisa Terezinha. "Evolution minéralogique de l'altération latéritique des roches volcaniques basiques de la bordure sud-est du bassin du Parana (Rio Grande do Sul et Santa Catarina)." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2357.
Full textHoltzapffel, Thierry. "Minéraux argileux lattes : les smectites du domaine atlantique." Angers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ANGE0006.
Full textRenac, Christophe. "Diagenèse des minéraux argileux dans la marge passive cévenole (forage G. P. F. Balazuc 1, France) : structure cristalline, morphologie, composition isotopique, datation K-Ar et inclusions fluides." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2328.
Full textLassin, Arnault. "Thermodynamique de l'hydratation et modélisation de la stabilité des argiles : application à la pédognèse climatique et à la diagenèse hydrothermale /." Orléans : Ed. BRGM, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/336033508.pdf.
Full textHite-Prat, Sophie. "Les "marnes bleues" à nodules barytiques du Gargasien et de l'Albien de la fosse Vocontienne (sud-est de la France) : étude géochimique et minéralogique : héritage, diagenèse, hydrothermalisme." Lyon 1, 1985. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799984.
Full textMichau, Nicolas. "Modelisation cinetique de la formation des argiles en fonction de leur composition et de leur morphologie. Application a la diagenese des gres de la mer du nord." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13048.
Full textDrummond, C. Varajao Angelica F. "Mécanismes de conversion des interstratifiés ordonnés illite-smectite en illite dans les shales : application à la série diagénétique de Barra de Itiuba (bassin Sergipe-Alagoas, Brésil)." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2317.
Full textBankole, Olabode Modupe. "Transformations diagénétiques des dépôts silicoclastiques FA du bassin de Franceville au Gabon (2.2-2.0 Ga) par l'invasion de solutions oxydo-réductrices." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2319/document.
Full textThe FA and FB Formations clastic sediments have been subjected to detailed facies, petrographic, and geochemical analyses in relation to diagenesis, fluid flow, paleo-redox conditions, provenance, and uranium mineralization during the evolution of the unmetamorphosed Paleoproterozoic (ca 2.15 Ga) Franceville Basin, Gabon. Lithofacies analyses in combination with petrographic studies indicate that the original mineralogical and textural properties of the sediments have been greatly modified during diagenesis. The moderately sorted quartz arenite at the top of FA underwent early quartz cementation; thus preventing it from subsequent burial diagenetic processes. The inferred paragenetic sequence of authigenic cements in the arkosic arenites suggest a multiphase of fluid-rock interactions with most of the ions needed for their precipitations likely sourced during alteration of detrital precursors. The observed slight variations in the diagenetic pathways in different lithofacies associations are closely related to primary mineralogy, texture, and nature of pore fluid. This relationship suggests that depositional facies can provide an insight into the diagenetic pathways and hydrologic properties of sediments in sedimentary basins. Petrographic features coupled with whole rock geochemical and iron isotope analyses suggest that hematite precipitation in the red beds started after sediment deposition with the iron internally derived by alteration of iron-bearing minerals and redistributed during late diagenesis. Positive correlation between Fe/Mg ratio and "delta" 56Fe values of bulk samples suggests mixing relationship with end members being authigenic hematite and iron-bearing silicates. The lack of relationship between Fe3+/FeT ratios and iron isotope compositions suggest that the isotopically heavy iron oxide was already present in the sediments during early diagenesis, and was incorporated into green (reduced) facies that likely replaced red facies during diagenesis or burial. Uranium released from the lower, fluvial oxidized sandstones and added to the reduced sandstones and silty mudstones in the upper tidal-deltaic sediments potentially resulted in a uranium mineralization of a roll-front type in the FA Formation of the Franceville Basin. Major and trace element geochemical data for the FA and FB formation are consistent with sediments derived exclusively from felsic igneous source. Chondrite-normalized patterns with high LREE/HREE ratios, negative Eu anomalies, and GdN/YbN ratios favour mixture of Archean and Post-Archean felsic sources. Discriminant diagrams and elemental ratios of major and trace elements suggest deposition of most of the FA sandstone in a passive margin, while the mudstones and fine-grained sandstones of FA and FB were deposited in an active continental margin during Paleoproterozoic tectonic regimes of the West Central African Belt
Claret, Francis. "Caractérisation structurale des transitions minéralogiques dans les formations argileuses : Contrôles et implications géochimiques des processus d'illitisation. Cas particulier d'une perturbation alcaline dans le Callovo-Oxfordien - Laboratoire souterrain Meuse-Haute Marne." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005247.
Full textDelineau, Thierry. "Les argiles kaoliniques du bassin des Charentes (France) : analyses typologique, cristallo-chimique, spéciation du fer et applications." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL073N.
Full textUri, Freddy. "Altération et minéralisation d'uranium à Shea Creek (Ouest Athabasca, Saskatchewan, Canada) : vers un nouveau modèle génétique de gisement." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2314/document.
Full textShea Creek is an unconformity-type uranium deposit located in the west part of Atabaska basin. It is related to an unconformity between a metamorphic basement and sedimentary rocks of fluvial origin, of paleoproterozoic age. Shea Creek's particularity is to be the deepest ore deposit ever known in the basin (between 680 m and 1000 m deep). It gathers all types of unconformity hosted mineralization known. More than 1200 samples, taken from halo alteration around the deposit, were analyzed and mining exploration data were used for this study. First, the aim was to determine the markers for prospection of mineral elements in deep area: sedimentological, petrographical, geochemical and mineralogical types. Then, it was to build a simple three-dimensional model (mineralization and alteration halo) using these criteria in order to precise the genetic pattern of this deep deposit. The location of mineralized areas depends on tectonic deformation, on sedimentary filling and diagenetic development. The morphology of Shea Creek’s ore deposit shows clearly that mineralization is located in the grabbens composed by clean sandstones and clay sandstones, often preserved from compaction and alteration phenomena. The mineralogical and geochemical signature of these clay sandstones suggests a contribution from the erosion of continental paleo-alterite (regolith). Beside, the great concentration of radiation induced defects suggests the presence in abundance of uranium in the grabbens from sedimentary state
Hassouta, Lhoussain. "La comparaison de grès cimentés et de grès non cimentés par la calcite du groupe du Brent (zone d'Alwyn, Mer du Nord) : une clé pour l'établissement de bilans de matière et la compréhension des processus de formation du quartz et des argiles (illites, kaolinite, dockite)." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-79.pdf.
Full textIl s'agit bien d'un stade précoce de la diagenèse en Mer du Nord qui traduirait un épisode d'infiltration par des eaux météoriques. La dissolution du feldspath potassique ou de la muscovite ne rend pas compte de la quantité de kaolinite formée. La kaolinite se transforme en dickite avec la profondeur mais seulement dans les grès non cimentés. Cette transformation n'est donc pas contrôlée uniquement par la température. L'illite et les surcroissances de quartz sont, en partie au moins, contemporaines. Elles ne sont présentes que dans les grès non cimentés et sont donc postérieures à la cimentation. Des bilans chimiques montrent qu'elles se forment sans apports extérieurs de Si, Al ou K par les fluides. Les inclusions fluides du quartz donnent des températures de formation de 90-130°C. L'analyse d'image et la granulométrie laser montrent que la taille des grains de quartz est plus grande mais plus variable dans les grès non cimentés que dans les grès cimentés. D'après les bilans minéralogiques et chimiques, la compaction résulte essentiellement d'une perte de porosité par dissolution-cristallisation du quartz à l'échelle du grain ou du décimètre
Lefèvre, Mélody. "Propriétés structurales, pétro-physiques et circulations de fluides au sein d'une zone de failles dans les argiles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4320/document.
Full textFault zones concentrate fluids migration and deformations in the upper crust. The shale hydraulic properties make them excellent storage sites and hydrocarbon reservoirs/source rocks. Fault zones can play two roles in the fluid circulation; drains or barriers, in general, both roles are combined within the same fault zone. What are the conditions that promote the fluid circulation along the fault zones in shales and what are the fault zone impacts on the formation properties are relatively poorly explored key questions. This study focused on characterizing the relationships between fault architecture, paleo-fluid as well as current fluid circulations through the analysis of fault calcite mineralization, injection tests and petrophysical properties conducted on a fault zone outcropping underground in the Tournemire research laboratory nested in the Toarcian shale. The fault zone structure was characterized using boreholes data and reconstructed in 3D through modeling to define different deformation facies. No clear facies organization is observed, a fault core and a fault damage zone being difficult to define as it is in hard rocks. The intact, fractured and breccia facies are characterized by a porosity of 9.5-13.5, 10-15 and 13-21%. Large fluid flowrate concentrated along a few “channels” located at the breccia boundaries and in the secondary fault zones that displayed fractured facies and limited breccia fillings. Detailed microstructural and geochemical analysis at the breccia/fractured zones interface revealed that fluids circulated out of the main shear zones, in micro-more or less inherited fractures highlighting a decoupling between fault slip and fluid migrations
Robin, Valentin. "Effet de la cristallochimie des minéraux argileux gonflants sur les propriétés d'échange cationique et de dissolution. Implications dans un contexte de réhabilitation de sites miniers acidifiés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2296/document.
Full textSwelling clay minerals, in particular smectites, are present in many surface and subsurface environments in which they have a major impact on the mobility of major cations and trace elements due to their adsorption capacity. In context of remediation of mining environments operated by acid leaching, these smectites can act as pH buffer and play a role in the immobilization of soluble elements. The type of clay minerals present in the poorly consolidated sands of an aquifer leached by acid solutions was studied. The presence of beidellite type smectites (di-octahedral, tetrahedral charge) was evidenced. However, few studies exist on the ion exchange properties or the dissolution of beidellite, as most of them deal with montmorillonite properties (di-octahedral, octahedral charge). Then, an ion-exchange model involving 5 major cations of natural waters (Na, K, Ca, Mg, H) and one trace element (226Ra) was proposed for a reference beidellite. Dissolution rates and interfacial mechanisms in acidic solutions were investigated in order to check for the validity the ion-exchange model at low pH. Moreover, effects due to the texture/aggregation of particles in suspension were evidenced on the ion-exchange and dissolution properties. This study was focused on the impact of the crystal chemistry on reactive property of the smectites, by comparison of the properties of beidellite with those of montmorillonitic minerals. Results indicate that smectites crystal chemistry has a significant impact on their properties, and such parameter could be considered in reactive transport models when they take into account cation exchange and dissolution properties of smectites
Nourtier-Mazauric, Elise. "Modélisation géochimique et numérique des interactions entre des solutions solides et une solution aqueuse. Extension du logiciel de réaction-transport Archimède et application à la diagénèse minérale des réservoirs." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00088991.
Full textCe modèle a été intégré au logiciel de transport réactif en milieu poreux ARCHIMEDE, puis appliqué à divers exemples. Dans le cas de solutions solides binaires, une méthode graphique a permis de déterminer les compositions des solutions solides qui précipitent, à l'aide des potentiels chimiques des pôles.
Le logiciel ainsi obtenu pourrait être utilisé pour modéliser notamment la diagenèse des réservoirs pétroliers argileux ou carbonatés, ou la dispersion de polluants dans le sol.
Billon, Sophie. "Minéraux argileux dans le gisement uranifère d'Imouraren (Bassin de Tim Mersoï, Niger) : implications sur la genèse du gisement et sur l'optimisation des processus de traitement du minerai." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2263/document.
Full textNigerian uraniferous deposits are located in carboniferous and jurassic formations of Tim Mersoï basin. AREVA is shareholder of 3 mine sites in this area: SOMAÏR and COMINAK, both in exploitation since 1960’s and IMOURAREN, 80km further South, whose exploitation is planned for 2015. Mineralization of Imouraren deposit is included in the fluvial formation of Tchirezrine 2 (Jurassic), composed of channels and flood plains. Facies of channel infillings range from coarse sandstones to siltstones, while overflow facies are composed of analcimolites.Secondary mineralogy was acquired during 2 stages: 1- diagenesis, with formation of clay minerals, analcime, secondary quartz and albites, and 2- stage of fluids circulations, which induced alteration of detrital and diagenetic minerals, formation of new phases and uranium deposition. A mineralogical zoning, at the scale of deposit resulted from this alteration. The heterogeneity of Tchirezrine 2, at the level of both facies and mineralogy, is also evidenced during ore treatment, as ore reacts differently depending on its source, with sometimes problems of U recovery. Ore treatment tests showed that analcimes and chlorites were both penalizing minerals, because of 1- the sequestration of U-bearing minerals into analcimes, 2- their dissolution which trends to move away from U solubilization conditions (pH and Eh) and to form numerous sulfates, and 3- problems of percolation. A detection method of analcime-rich ores, based on infrared spectroscopy, was developed in order to optimize ore blending and so to reduce negative effects during ore treatment process