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Yoki, Citra Perwira, Santoso Resyana, and Ariella Pasande Stevia. "Diagnosis of Pulmonary Candida Non-albican in Immunocompetent Patient." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES 04, no. 03 (2024): 429–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10804159.
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<strong>Back ground</strong>: Pulmonary candidiasis is a fungal airway infection caused by the genus candida species, often in immunocompromised patients, and it spreads through hematogenous or other diseases. This case report aims to inform that the disease is rare in immunocompetent patients and difficult to diagnose. <strong>Methods</strong>: Through a medical record search, a 40-year-old Indo-Chinese man complained of chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, and a lump in the neck<strong>. </strong>A history of pulmonary tuberculosis was completed after six months of treatment with no diabetes mellitus. Then, wheezing and rhonchi were heard during the physical examination of the lungs. When a contrast HRCT (high resolution computed tomography) examination was performed, fibrocalcification with a tree in a bud was found in the bilateral superior lobes of the lung, solid mass in the distal bronchus with atelectasis and enlarged paratracheal nodules. Then, a fungal culture of the right BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) sample was found candida-non albican. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Pulmonary candidiasis is not only common in immunocompromised patients but also in immunocompetent conditions; diagnosis using HRCT with contrast and fungal culture from BAL.
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Yigit, N., AE Aktas, and A. Ayyildiz. "Detection of Coagulase Activity in Pathogenic Candida Species." Journal of International Medical Research 36, no. 6 (2008): 1378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000803600627.
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The coagulase activities of various Candida spp were assessed using a classical tube test. A total of 125 clinical Candida isolates representing eight species ( C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. kefyr, Geotrichum candidum, C. krusei and C. guilliermondii) were incubated with rabbit, sheep or human plasma. After 24 h incubation, 29/64 (45.3%) C. albicans isolates and 23/61 (37.7%) non-albicans Candida strains were positive for coagulase in rabbit plasma, whereas 20/64 (31.2%) C. albicans and 6/61 (9.8%) non-albicans Candida isolates were positive for coagulase in sheep plasma. None of the tested Candida isolates reacted positively in human plasma. These results suggest that rabbit plasma is the most appropriate medium for detection of coagulase activity in Candida spp. Variations in coagulase production by Candida spp may be related to their pathogenicity. It is concluded that the laboratory detection of coagulase activity in clinical isolates of Candida spp may help the diagnosis of Candida-related infections.
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Supriya, Gaikwad, Nayyar Surbhi, Shikhare Vishakha, Joshi Pankaj, and Ramteerthakar Meena. "A Descriptive Microbiological Study of Oral Candidiasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 7 (2023): 1273–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11867036.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Oral candidiasis is one of the common opportunistic fungal infections which affects the oral mucosa. There have been significant changes in the management of candidiasis in the last few years. Candida albicans and non albicans species are closely related but different from each other with respect to epidemiology, virulence characteristics and antifungal susceptibility. Early diagnosis and management is essential to combat the dreaded complications of multisystemic diseases. So, the present study was undertaken with the aim to speciate the candida isolates and to study the antifungal susceptibility pattern of various candida species isolated from oral swabs collected from patients with oral candidiasis attending a tertiary care hospital. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Tertiary Care Hospital during the period of Jan 2019 to Dec 2019. We assessed the characterization of Candida species by using CHROM differential agar and conventional methods like Corn meal agar and Sugar assimilation test. We also have performed the antifungal susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of 130 samples, 112 isolates grown on SDA culture of which 50 (44.6%) were <em>Candida albicans</em> while 62 (55.3%) were candida non albicans. <em>C. albicans </em>(44.6%) was the most predominant species identified, followed by <em>C. tropicalis </em>(25%) and <em>C. Krusei</em> (14.2%). The overall sensitivity of CHROM agar was 95.88% and specificity was 99.15%. All isolated Candida species were sensitive to Amphotericin B. 82% of <em>C. albicans</em>, 89.3% of <em>C. tropicalis </em>and 91.7% of <em>C. parapsilosis </em>were sensitive to fluconazole. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Though Candida albicans to be the most prevalent species, emergence of non-albicans Candida species necessitates the species identification. The conventional techniques require minimum 3-4 days for species identification. The newer technique CHROM agar is equally useful method for speciation of Candida. There has been significant rise in the resistance in fungal isolates. Antifungal susceptibility testing should be done as a part of routine laboratory practices to know the resistant pattern of the isolated fungi in the local area and to prevent the irrational use of antifungal agents. This will guide the clinician to start antifungal therapy.
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Raja, Ayisha, Abeera Ahmed, Sindhu Fareed, Namra Sohail Raja, Ameera Tariq, and Syed Rehan Asghar Naqvi. "INCIDENCE OF VULVO VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN YOUNG WOMEN; EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Pathology 34, no. 4 (2023): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55629/pakjpathol.v34i4.771.
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Objective: To study the incidence of Candida species in women of child bearing age presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge with and without symptom of pruritus vulvae. Material and Methods: The descriptive cross sectional study was done from Feb 2022 to Jan 2023, HVS of 300 women were taken who presented with abnormal discharge from vagina and pruritus vulvae. Samples were taken for microbiological culture testing, after thorough assessment of pertinent gynecological and obstetric history. The cultures were followed up and the results recorded. Results: The most frequently identified organism causing abnormal vaginal discharge was Candida albicans (62.27%) with pregnant women experiencing a 59.09% considerably higher prevalence rate. The study found that vaginal candidiasis symptoms were itching, white curdy vaginal discharge, burning, and dyspareunia. Candida albicans was found in 62.2% of cases, while non-albicans were found in 37.7%. Pregnant women accounted for 59.09% of positive cases, with 74 cases of Candida albicans and 56 cases of non-albicans. Non-pregnant women accounted for 40.9% of positive cases, with 63 cases of Candida albicans and 27 cases of non-albicans. Conclusion: Vulvo Vaginal Candidiasis associated with C. albicans as well as non albicans species of Candida is very common in women of reproductive age especially in developing countries. Specific diagnosis of is important as it leads to prompt treatment with antifungal, thus improving patient's health and preventing chronicity associated with disease. Keywords: High vaginal swab, Vaginal candidiasis, Vaginal discharge.
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Klyasova, G. A., A. O. Malchikova, K. S. Tandilova, et al. "Treatment of candidemia caused by Candida albicans and Candida non - albicans in patients with hematological malignancies." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 8 (2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.08.000385.
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Aim. To study the risk factors, symptoms and outcomes of candidemia caused by C. albicans and C. non - albicans in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and methods. The study included patients with hematological malignancies and candidemia. The diagnosis of candidemia was established according to the single isolation of Candida spp. from blood culture and the presence of symptoms of infection. Results and discussion. Over 12 years (2006-2017), candidemia was diagnosed in 75 patients aged 17 to 77 years (median 48 years). The causative agents of candidemia were C. albicans in 34.7% of patients, C. non - albicans - in 65.3%. Candidemia caused by C. albicans prevailed in patients of the older age group (median 56.5 years, p=0.04) and in patients with lymphoma (61.5%, p=0.01) with colonization of the gut by the same species of Candida (88.5%, p=0.002). Isolation of C. non - albicans from blood culture was more common in patients with acute leukemia (51%, p=0.01) and in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (22.5%, p=0.01). The ability to form biofilms was observed more frequently among C. non - albicans (59.2%) than C. albicans (19.2%, p=0.001). The clinical symptoms of candidemia were non - specific (fever was in 97%). Septic shock developed in 25 (33%) patients with comparable frequency in both groups. Concomitant infections was also comparable (73% vs. 73.5%). Overall 30-day survival in patients with candidemia caused by C. albicans and C. non - albicans was 61.2% and 61.5%. Treatment with echinocandin was associated with increase of survival compared to other antifungal agents among patients with C. albicans candidaemia (88.9% versus 40%, p=0.02) and among C. non - albicans (77.3% versus 47.8%). Conclusion. C. non - albicans constituted a high proportion among causative agents of candidemia. High mortality rate was observed in both groups. Initial therapy with echinocandin was associated with increase of survival.
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Gautam, Mahesh Kumar, and Jiang Li. "Neonatal Candida Lusitaniae Septicemia." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 34, no. 2 (2014): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.11161.
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Neonatal candidemia is an increasing cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Most reported cases are due to Candida albicans, but non-albicans species are on the rise. Candida lusitaniae is infrequently reported opportunistic pathogen. It causes serious and fatal infection. Early diagnosis and proper antifungal therapy can prevent morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.11161 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):160-162
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H Khaleefa, Raghad, Luma T Ahmed, and Dawood S Hameed. "Oral and Dermal Candidiasis Among Infants in Al-Battol Teaching Hospital." Diyala Journal of Medicine 19, no. 2 (2020): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.19025350503.
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Background: Candida spp. is the yeast caused infection termed candidiasis; this is naturally found on the skin and inner the body, in an area like the gut, intestines, throat, vagina, and mouth, with the absence inciting any problems. Candida albicans is yeast naturally found in the skin; intestinal tract; vaginal and mouth. This is a polymorphic yeast (that capable of growing either as avoid shaped budding yeast, when it affect the mouth, it is typically termed oral thrush, and when it affect the dermal (diaper area) called diaper rash. clinical signs and symptoms involve white patches on the or other areas of the mouth and throat, `other signs may involve soreness and problems of swallowing. Objective: To study detection, isolation, and identification of C. albicans from infants in Al-Battol Teaching Hospital in Diyala Province by routine laboratory procedure, and identification of other species of Candida. Patients and Methods: Two hundred samples were taken from infants less than 2 years who attended Al-Battol teaching Hospital in Diyala, province during the period from October 2019 to February 2020. Method of this study by making a routine and confirmative diagnosis processes involve a microscopic examination, culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar for diagnosis of primary invasive candidiasis, and culture on chrome agar for differentiating between C. albicans and other spp. Results: The results of this study showed the isolates of oral samples were 12 (24%) C. albicans and 18(36.0%) C. non albicans; for dermal isolates were 10(20.0%) C. albicans and 17(34.0%) C. non albicans; and for both isolates oral and dermal samples were 13(26.0%) C. albicans and 21 (42.0) C. non albicans. Conclusion: In this study found that the male are more infected by Candida than female. And also we concluded that small age children more infected than large age. Keywords: C. albican, non-albicans Candida spp. , infants
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Karczewski, Daniel, Yi Ren, Octavian Andronic, et al. "Candida periprosthetic joint infections — risk factors and outcome between albicans and non-albicans strains." International Orthopaedics 46, no. 3 (2021): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-021-05214-y.
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Abstract Background Despite its scarcity, fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is of great clinical relevance as diagnosis and treatment are highly challenging. Previous analyses focused on the treatment rather than the role of the causative fungal agent on clinical outcome. This is the largest study of its kind to evaluate Candida strain–dependent differences in patients with fungal PJI. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 29 patients who underwent surgical intervention due to Candida hip or knee PJI in our department from 2010 to 2018. PJI was defined according to IDSA, recurrent PJI according to modified Delphi consensus criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, chi-square test with Yates correction, and log rank test. Results Besides age and affected joint, no significant differences were found between Candida albicans and non-albicans PJI patients (75.83 versus 64.11 years, p = 0.012; 12 hip versus two knee cases, p = 0.013). Most patients received two- (27.59%) or three-stage exchange surgery (41.38%). There was a statistical trend towards an increase in surgery needed in non-albicans Candida PJI (2.92 versus 2.12; p = 0.103). After initial Candida PJI treatment, functional prosthesis implantation was achieved in 72.41% of all patients. At last follow-up, infection-free survival was at 26.79% in Candida albicans versus 72.00% in non-albicans PJI (p = 0.046). Conclusions In this study, we found infection-free survival rates to be significantly decreased in patients with albicans compared to non-albicans Candida PJI. While age and affected joint might play a confounding role, we speculate the causative pathogen to play a decisive role in disease progression.
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Dąbrowska, Marta, Monika Sienkiewicz, Paweł Kwiatkowski, and Michał Dąbrowski. "Diagnosis and treatment of mucosa Candida spp. infections – a review article." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia 73, no. 1 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/c.2018.73.1.61-68.
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<p>Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Non-albicans Candida species play an important role in vulvovaginal candidiasis and invasive infections. Most cases of infections are endogenous. In case of patients with immune disorders this opportunistic pathogen causes both surface, systemic infections, and candidemia. Symptoms depend on the area affected. Candidiasis are treated with antimycotics; these include clotrimazole, nystatin, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and echinocandins. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of currently available antifungals are becoming a major problem in the management of Candida spp. infection.</p>
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Koppad, Bhavana, and Kulkarni Poornima Prakash. "Neonatal candidiasis: clinical spectrum and epidemiology in a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 2 (2017): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20170684.
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Background: Candidial infections are a serious problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) which increases the mortality and morbidity in addition to increasing health care costs. Confirming the diagnosis by laboratory tests is difficult and a high index of suspicion is required. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical spectrum and epidemiology of neonatal candidiasis in a tertiary care NICU.Methods: The present study was carried out in the NICU of SDM medical college and hospital, Dharwad. All babies who were admitted to NICU and who had positive blood culture for Candida were included in the study. One year Data (1st December 2015 to 31st November 2016) was collected retrospectively from NICU case records. Statistical test used was chi square test.Results: Total admissions to the NICU during the study period were 2591. Blood cultures were positive in 132 babies. Among these, Candidial sepsis was noted in 39.39% (52) babies. Out of the 52 positive fungal cultures, 15 were Candida albicans, 35 were Candida non albicans and 2 were mixed cultures (Candida albicans and non albicans) showing an increasing incidence of non-albicans Candida infections. Among the non albicans Candida, Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii were the predominant species (11 each) followed by Candida famata (6), Candida krusei (6) and Candida parapsilosis (3). Candidial sepsis was seen to be more common among preterm and low birth weight babies. Usage of antibiotics, Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and mechanical ventilation were common risk factors noted in our study.Conclusions: Systemic Candidiasis is a disease of modern neonatal intensive care. It deserves urgent attention for its prevention as well as effective treatment in order to minimize neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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Alasio, Teresa M., Patrick A. Lento, and Edward J. Bottone. "Giant Blastoconidia of Candida albicans." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 7 (2003): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-868-gboca.
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Abstract We describe a patient with extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma who developed systemic candidiasis after treatment with a cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen. Histologically, the fungal organisms demonstrated markedly enlarged blastoconidia with a variety of morphologic forms, mimicking other mycotic organisms, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The in vivo occurrence of such giant forms is rare, and when observed histologically may result in an erroneous diagnosis or a diagnosis of multiple mycotic organisms.
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Vazquez, Jose A., Lissette Whitaker, and Ana Zubovskaia. "Invasive Candidiasis in the Intensive Care Unit: Where Are We Now?" Journal of Fungi 11, no. 4 (2025): 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040258.
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Invasive fungal infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) are not uncommon and most cases are caused by Candida species, specifically Candida albicans. However, recently, there has been an increase in non-albicans Candida spp. (C. glabrata; C. parapsilosis) causing invasive fungal infections. This has led to an increasing awareness of this infection due to the increase in documented antifungal resistance in many of these Candida species. In addition, manifestations of invasive candidiasis are often non-specific, and the diagnosis remains extremely challenging. Unfortunately, delays in antifungal therapy continue to hamper the morbidity; length of stay; and the mortality of these infections. Although the echinocandins are the drugs of choice in these infections, antifungal resistance among the non-albicans species (C. glabrata; C. krusei; C. auris; C. parapsilosis) is being observed more frequently. This has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality, specifically in critically ill patients. Overall, the diagnosis and management of invasive candidiasis in the ICU remain challenging. It is imperative that the critical care physician keeps this infection at the forefront of their differential diagnosis in order to decrease the mortality rate of these individuals. In this review, we discuss the current epidemiologic trends, diagnosis, and management of invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit setting.
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Adukauskienė, Dalia, Aida Kinderytė, Asta Dambrauskienė, and Astra Vitkauskienė. "Candidemia in an intensive care unit." Medicina 45, no. 5 (2008): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45050044.
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Candidemia is becoming more actual because of better survival of even critically ill patients, wide use of antimicrobials, and increased numbers of invasive procedures and manipulations. Diagnosis of candidemia remains complicated, and costs of treatment and mortality rates are increasing. Objective. To evaluate the pathogens of candidemia, risk factors and their influence on outcome. Material and methods. Data of 41 patients with positive blood culture for Candida spp., who were treated in the intensive care units at the Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine, were analyzed retrospectively. Results. Candidemia was caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) in 48.8% (n=20) of patients and by non-albicans Candida in 51.2% (n=21) of patients. The main cause of candidemia was C. albicans in 2004 (83.3%, n=5), but in 2005 (63.6%, n=7), in 2006 (57.1%, n=4), and in 2007 (52.9%, n=9), the main cause was non-albicans Candida spp. The number of candidemia cases caused by C. albicans was decreased in 2005, 2006, and 2007 as compared with 2004, and the number of candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida spp. was decreased, respectively (P<0.05). More than 65% (n=34) of patients had severe disease (P<0.05). Lethal outcome was recorded in 58.5% of patients with candidemia. Mechanical ventilation was used in 76.9% (n=20) and urinary bladder catheter in 72.1% (n=19) of non-survivors and in 23.1% (n=6) and 26.9% (n=7) of survivors, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions. There is an increase in the prevalence of candidemia in the intensive care units during the 4-year period; half of candidemia cases were caused by non-albicans Candida spp., and patients with candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida spp. are at higher risk of mortality. Therefore, for the empirical treatment of septic conditions in an intensive care unit, when invasive fungal infection is suspected, we recommend using an antifungal agent of non-azole class until a pathogen of candidemia is determined. Severe disease is evaluated as a risk factor for candidemia. Patients with oncological diseases are at significantly higher risk for candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida spp. Use of mechanical ventilation and urinary bladder catheter is a risk factor for lethal outcome.
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Kumar, Sunil, Awanish Kumar, Maryam Roudbary, Rasoul Mohammadi, Lucia Černáková, and Célia Fortuna Rodrigues. "Overview on the Infections Related to Rare Candida species." Pathogens 11, no. 9 (2022): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11090963.
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Atypical Candida spp. infections are rising, mostly due to the increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients. The most common Candida spp. is still Candida albicans; however, in the last decades, there has been an increase in non-Candida albicans Candida species infections (e.g., Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis). Furthermore, in the last 10 years, the reports on uncommon yeasts, such as Candida lusitaniae, Candida intermedia, or Candida norvegensis, have also worryingly increased. This review summarizes the information, mostly related to the last decade, regarding the infections, diagnosis, treatment, and resistance of these uncommon Candida species. In general, there has been an increase in the number of articles associated with the incidence of these species. Additionally, in several cases, there was a suggestive antifungal resistance, particularly with azoles, which is troublesome for therapeutic success.
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Puspitasari, Monika, Satiti Retno Pudjiati, and Agnes Sri Siswati. "The Validity of Point-of-Care Test (POCT) Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay (LFIA) Candida albicans for the Diagnosis of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 36, no. 2 (2024): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v36.2.2024.136-141.
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Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common causes of complaints of vaginal discharge, which is mostly caused by Candida albicans. The common diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis is microscopic and culture examination. However, the availability of examinations is limited at the private clinic, and for culture examinations, the cost is high and results take several days. The point-of-care test (POCT) lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) is a tool that can detect Candida albicans antigens, but this diagnostic test has never been carried out in Indonesia. Purpose: to know the validity of POCT LFIA Candida albicans for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans in women with complaints of vaginal discharge. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with a diagnostic test design, using vaginal discharge samples. Vaginal discharge samples were subjected to POCT LFIA examination with the Medomic Candida albicans/ Trichomonas vaginalis/ Gardnerella vaginalis Antigen Combo Test KitÒ and Candida spp culture. Result: POCT LFIA Candida albicans had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 89.9%, accuracy of 90.32 %, LR (+) 9, LR (-) 0, PPV 50%, and NPV 100% against Candida spp. culture. Conclusion: The POCT LFIA Candida albicans can be used to diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans in women who complain of vaginal discharge.
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Oliveira, Vanessa Kummer Perinazzo, Luciana da Silva Ruiz, Nélio Alessandro Jesus Oliveira, et al. "FUNGEMIA CAUSED BY Candida SPECIES IN A CHILDREN'S PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL: STUDY IN THE PERIOD 2007-2010." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 4 (2014): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000400006.
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Candidemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the health care environment. The epidemiology of Candida infection is changing, mainly in relation to the number of episodes caused by species C. non-albicans. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of yeasts of the genus Candida, in a four-year period, isolated from blood of pediatric patients hospitalized in a public hospital of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In this period, yeasts from blood of 104 patients were isolated and, the identified species of Candida by phenotypic and genotypic methods were: C. albicans (39/104), C. tropicalis (25/104), C. parapsilosis (23/104), Pichia anomala (6/104), C. guilliermondii (5/104), C. krusei (3/104), C. glabrata (2/104) and C. pararugosa (1/104). During the period of the study, a higher frequency of isolates of C. non-albicans (63.55%) (p = 0.0286) was verified. In this study we verified the increase of the non-albicans species throughout the years (mainly in 2009 and 2010). Thus, considering the peculiarities presented by Candida species, a correct identification of species is recommended to lead to a faster diagnosis and an efficient treatment.
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Potocki, Leszek, Joanna Depciuch, Ewelina Kuna, Mariusz Worek, Anna Lewinska, and Maciej Wnuk. "FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy-Based Biochemical Profiling Reflects Genomic Diversity of Clinical Candida Isolates That May Be Useful for Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy of Candidiasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (2019): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040988.
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Despite the fact that Candida albicans is documented to be the main cause of human candidiasis, non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species, such as Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis, are also suggested to be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of opportunistic fungal infections. As biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and antifungal resistance of NCAC species may be affected as a result of genomic diversity and plasticity, rapid and unambiguous identification of Candida species in clinical samples is essential for proper diagnosis and therapy. In the present study, 25 clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis species were characterized in terms of their karyotype patterns, DNA content, and biochemical features. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra- and Raman spectra-based molecular fingerprints corresponded to the diversity of chromosomal traits and DNA levels that provided correct species identification. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy was documented to be useful for the evaluation of ergosterol content that may be associated with azole resistance. Taken together, we found that vibrational spectroscopy-based biochemical profiling reflects the variability of chromosome patterns and DNA content of clinical Candida species isolates and may facilitate the diagnosis and targeted therapy of candidiasis.
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T. E., Abdul Samad, Kamalarathnam C. N., Ramya S., and Devasena N. "Clinical and microbiological profile of fungal sepsis in neonates: a retrospective observational study in an out-born unit." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 11 (2020): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204546.
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Background: Infections due to non-Candida species though uncommon is emerging as an important cause of neonatal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit (NICUs). The aim of this study was to determine the etiology, clinical profile, outcome and predictors of mortality in neonates with fungal sepsis.Methods: Neonates with the diagnosis of blood culture proven fungal sepsis from January 2018 to December 2019 were analysed. Relevant data was collected in a proforma from case records which included demographic information, clinical symptoms and signs, investigations, treatment and outcome. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS 25 software.Results: During the study period, 618 (13.8%) babies out of the 4461 admitted developed culture positive sepsis. Culture positive fungal sepsis were 66 (10.6%) out of total sepsis. Candida non albicans constituted 60 (90.9%) and Candida albicans was six (9.1%). The most common non-albicans species was Candida parapsilosis (25.8%). Lethargy, respiratory distress, hypothermia and apnea were common symptoms. Elevated C-reactive protein and thrombocytopenia were common laboratory findings. The mortality rate was 59.1 percentage. Delayed initiation of antifungal treatment, need for inotropes and mechanical ventilation were significant factors associated with mortality.Conclusions: Candida non-albicans was the predominant organism causing fungal sepsis. Fungal sepsis over all was associated with high mortality. Need for inotropes, mechanical ventilation and delay in initiating antifungal treatment were the significant factors associated with mortality.
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Eades, Christopher P., Ahmed Rafezzan Bin Ahmed Bakri, Jeffrey C. Y. Lau та ін. "Comparison of β-1-3-D-Glucan and Candida Mannan Biomarker Assays with Serological Tests for the Diagnosis of Candidemia". Journal of Fungi 9, № 8 (2023): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9080813.
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Invasive candidiasis, including bloodstream infection (candidemia), encompasses the most severe forms of Candida infection. Several species-specific and non-specific serological assays are commercially available to aid in diagnosis. This study compared the performance of five such biomarker assays. Serum samples from 14 patients with proven or probable invasive candidiasis, and from 10 control patients, were included in the analysis. A total of 50 serum samples were tested using C. albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA) assay (Vircell), C. albicans IgM, C. albicans IgG and Candida mannan assays (Dynamiker Biotechnology). Among these samples, the β-1-3-D-glucan (BDG) assay (Fungitell), a laboratory standard for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis, was positive in 20 (40%), intermediate in five (10%) and negative in 25 (50%). In cases of proven or probable candidemia, the sensitivity and specificity of the BDG assay was 86% and 80%, respectively; the Candida mannan assay, 14% and 86%; the CAGTA test, 57% and 60%; the C. albicans IgM assay, 71% and 60%; and C. albicans IgG assay 29% and 90%. In 4/8 (50%) cases with multiple serum samples, C. albicans IgM was positive sooner than BDG. Thus, when used as a rule-out test for invasive candidiasis, our data suggest that the C. albicans IgM assay may assist antifungal stewardship (over serum BDG).
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Wahyuningsih, Retno, Hans-Joachim Freisleben, Hans-Günther Sonntag, and Paul Schnitzler. "Simple and Rapid Detection of Candida albicans DNA in Serum by PCR for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 8 (2000): 3016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.8.3016-3021.2000.
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A rapid and sensitive PCR assay for the detection of Candida albicans DNA in serum was established. DNA from human serum samples was purified using the QIAamp blood kit, which proved to be a fast and simple method for isolating minute amounts ofCandida DNA from clinical specimens for diagnosis of invasive candidiasis. Universal primer sequences used in the PCR assay are derived from the internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene of fungi, whereas the biotinylated hybridization probe used in a DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) binds specifically to C. albicans DNA. The sensitivity of this PCR-DEIA method is very high; the detection limit for genomic Candida DNA is one C. albicans genome per assay. Blood from uninfected and infected persons, ranging from healthy volunteers, patients with mucocutaneous infections, and patients at risk to develop a systemicCandida infection to patients with an established systemic candidiasis, was analyzed for the presence of C. albicansto diagnose fungal infection. Candida DNA could not be detected in sera of 16 culture-negative controls and from 11 nonsystemic candidal infections by PCR or DEIA. Blood cultures from patients at risk were all negative for Candida, whereas all blood cultures from systemic candidiasis patients were positive. However, Candida DNA could be detected by PCR and DEIA in the serum from three out of nine patients who were at risk for a systemic infection and in the serum of all seven patients who had already developed an invasive Candida infection. PCR is more sensitive than blood culture, since some of the patients at risk for invasive yeast infection, whose blood cultures were all negative for Candida, tested positive in the PCR amplification. These results indicate the potential value of PCR for detectingC. albicans in serum samples and for identifying patients at risk for invasive candidiasis.
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Glazar, Irena, Jelena Prpic, Miranda Muhvic-Urek, and Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric. "Identification of Candida spp. in the oral cavity in patients with malignant diseases." Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, no. 11 (2017): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp151125295g.
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Background/Aim. Oral candidiasis frequently causes discomfort in patients treated for malignant diseases, acting as well as a potential source of systemic infection. This disease may present itself through different clinical manifestations of both acute or chronic type. The aim of this study was to identify different Candida species from oral cavities of patients suffering from malignant diseases. Methods. Thirty patients admitted to the hospital for diagnostics/treatment of malignant diseases were included in this investigation. All subjects had visible changes of oral mucosa in the form of pseudomembranes and inflammation corresponding to oral candidiasis. Control group included 30 non-hospitalized patients diagnosed with candidiasis. Diagnosis of oral candidiasis was confirmed in all patients by microbiological analysis of tongue swabs. For microbiota identification, three different tests were used: germination test, fungal growth test on corn meal agar, and biochemical identification with commercially available ID 32 C kit (bio-Merieux, Marcy-l?Etoile, France). Results. Out of 30 isolates collected from hospitalized patients, 90% was related to Candida albicans, 7% was identified as Candida kefyr, and 3% as Candida famata. In samples collected from non-hospitalized controls, we isolated Candida albicans in 90% of the cases, in 7% Candida kefyr, while in 3% we identified Candida glabrata. Conclusion. Based on this investigation, oral candidiasis in patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is mainly caused by Candida albicans. It is to be expected that Candida albicans will remain the most significant causative agent of oral candidasis, although we must bear in mind the possibility of other pathogenic species.
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Aman, Munaza, Junaid Ahmad, Insha Altaf, Tufail Ahmed, and Sheema Samreen. "EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RISE OF NON ALBICANS CANDIDEMIA AT NICU OF A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (2022): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15825.
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Background:Candidemia continue to be a critical challenge in neonatal intensive care units worldwide despite remarkable progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Over past few years, there has been a progressive mycological shift fromCandidaalbicans to non albicans Candida species. Objectives: To identify the epidemiology and riskfactors of neonatal candidemia in NICU of a tertiary care hospital. Material Methods:Blood samples of neonates with provisional diagnosis of sepsis, routinely received in the Department of Microbiology of our institution were screened to highlight pattern of candida species recovered and their antifungal sensitivity. Possible risk factors associated were also analyzed. Results: Candidemia was proven in 4.33%(N=52) and bacteremia in 10.50%(N=126)] among twelve hundred samples received from NICU. Clinically significant isolates(N=178), demonstrated41%(N=73) Gram positive isolates,29.8% (N=53) Gram negative isolates and 29.22%(N=52) non albicans Candida [Candida krusei(N=38, 21.34%); Candida parapsilosis (N=6, 3.37%); Candida tropicalis(N=3, 1.68%); Candida pelliculosa(N=2, 1.1%); Candida lipolytica(N=2, 1.12%); Candida dublinansis, (N=1, 0.56%), with preponderance towards late neonatal period(p value = 0.045*). 80-100% NAC isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B except for C. pelliculosa. Ckruseiwas100% resistant to fluconazole. Preterm, low birth weight neonates, using antibiotics for longer duration, total parenteral nutrition and mechanical ventilation were significant risk factorsfor candidemia. Conclusion:The advent of non albicans Candida species merits attention as they are highly resistant to most of the azoles. Therefore, speciation of Candida in septicemia is essential to institute appropriate antifungal therapy.
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Almramhi, Khalid, Khalid Al-Ebrahim, and Ahmed Elassal. "Candida Auris Endocarditis: An Enigmatic Case from Diagnosis to Management." Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon 5, no. 1 (2023): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35810/ects.v5i1.247.
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Background: The most common diagnosed cause of invasive candidiasis is Candida Albicans but according to literature a lot of confirmed cases of Candida Auris become emerging multidrug-resistant infections. In a Japanese patient in 2009, Candida Auris was first described. This fungus is attributed to many outbreaks in different countries. It is a highly resistant variant and one of the most violent emerging pathogens.
 Case presentation: We present a case of endocarditis caused by Candida arius that resulted in a large vegetation on the mitral valve with severe mitral regurgitation.
 Conclusion: Management of endocarditis by collaboration between surgical and non-surgical facilities may ensure a good outcome even in the case of rare violent infections.
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Hassan, Sabreen Falih. "Isolation and diagnosis of Candida albicans from children in AL-Muthanna Province." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 4 (2024): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.5.79-84.
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Oral swabs from 50 patients in various age groups (1 to 60 months) and both sexes were collected, along with 40 control samples. They were gathered from Samawa Pediatric Teaching Hospital patients who had oral thrush between the years of 2023 and 2024. Yeast isolates were isolated and diagnosed using techniques based on their morphological, cultural, and biochemical traits. Additionally, differentiating between different species of Candida was done using the CHRO Magar Candida confirmation medium. The phenotypic data demonstrated that 70% of Candida albicans was isolated from other fungi. Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei were seen, although lower amounts of other species, like Candida albicans, were isolated. Testing for chlamydia spore development revealed both.
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Murakov, S. V., E. V. Vladimirova, V. P. Kovalyk, et al. "State-of-the-art of vulvovaginal candidiasis: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 10 (2020): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-10-625-631.
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During the reproductive age, 75% of women experience at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and 40–50% of women experience two or more episodes. Recurrent VVC is referred to as at least four episodes of the disease within a 12-month period. The aim of this paper is to review the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment for VVC. Both domestic and foreign published data are analyzed. It is now recognized that urogenital disorders and systemic comorbidities are the key predisposing factors to recurrent VVC. Other risk factors include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and hormone replacement therapy, endocrine disorders, and intestinal Candida persistence. Intravaginal medications are the preferred treatment for VVC. A 6-month maintenance therapy reduces the rate of VVC recurrences by 90%. Further studies on the etiopathogenesis of recurrent VVC will improve treatment efficacy. KEYWORDS: vulvovaginal candidiasis, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, Candida albicans, non-albicans Candida, Candida spp., Lactobacilli, vaginal colonization resistance. FOR CITATION: Murakov S.V., Vladimirova E.V., Kovalyk V.P. et al. State-of-the-art of vulvovaginal candidiasis: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(10):625–631. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-10-625-631.
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Gocer, Naime, Selma Ates, and Selcuk k. "A retrospective study between 2012-2019: Epidemiology of Candida infections in intensive care units." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 14, no. 1 (2025): 95. https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2024.11.151.
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Candida, the most common causative agent among fungal infections, is associated with high mortality, morbidity, and increased costs. Early diagnosis and effective treatment planning are crucial for patient prognosis. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate candida infections in adult intensive care units (ICU). Between January 2012 and May 2019, 373 patients with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of Candida infection who were hospitalized in the adult ICUs of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam Faculty of Medicine University were included in our study. In this retrospective study, data of patients related to age, gender, hospitalization clinic, length of hospitalization, comorbidities, invasive and non-invasive procedures were recorded. Of the patients included in the study, 52.8% (197) were female and 47.2% (176) were male, with a mean age of 68.7±17.4 years. Of the isolated samples, 200 (53.6%) were Candida albicans and 173 (46.4%) were non-albicans Candida (NAC). There were significant differences between C. albicans and NAC groups in the presence of urinary catheter (p=.046), central venous catheter (p=.028), enteral nutrition (p=.026), and length of hospitalization (p=.047). The mean Candida score was 2.34±0.06 and patients with higher candida scores had a higher mortality rate (p<.001). The mortality rate was 68.1%. The advanced age, duration of hospitalization, use of total parenteral nutrition, presence of a central venous catheter, and sepsis/septic shock were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. Candida infections have high mortality and morbidity. Data on Candida epidemiology vary regionally and the initiation of effective empirical treatment in these infections directly affects the prognosis. Therefore, data on species distribution and antifungal resistance rates in each hospital will guide physicians in terms of patient management.
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Wang, Yizhi. "Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of Candida albicans bloodstream and lower respiratory tract infections." BIO Web of Conferences 124 (2024): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412402017.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and prognosis of patients with Candida albicans blood flow and lower respiratory tract infection Method: The data of 164 patients with suspected Candida albicans infection in a regional tertiary teaching hospital in China from January 2020 to December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. We collected electronic recording data from patients with single Candida albicans bloodstream infection and patients with single Candida albicans lower respiratory tract infection. Mann-Whitney U test was used for retrospective study. Logistic regression analysis and comparison of prognostic risk factors between patients with single Candida albicans bloodstream infection and single Candida albicans lower respiratory tract infection. Results: among the 164 patients suspected of Candida albicans infection, 81 cases were diagnosed as single Candida albicans bloodstream infection (49.4%, 81/164). The average age of the patients was 57.4 years old, 51 cases (63.0%) were male, and the 30-day mortality was 18.5%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that hematologic malignancy [(OR),1.221; 95%(CI), 1.048~2.820, p=0.043)] was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with single Candida albicans bloodstream infection, length of stay [(OR), 0.924; 95% (CI), 0.868 ~ 0.983, p=0.012] and time of hormone use [(OR), 0.927]. 95% (CI), 0.870-0.988, p=0.019] were protective factors for patients with single Candida albicans bloodstream infection. There were 84 cases of lower respiratory tract infection caused by Candida albicans (51.2%, 84/164). The average age of the patients was 69.8 years old, and 70 cases (83.3%) were male. Three patients were randomly selected from 84 patients and 81 patients were analyzed. The 30-day mortality rate was 13.6%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that cerebrovascular accident [(OR), 1.072; 95%(CI),1.015~1.150, p=0.012] was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with Candida albicans lower respiratory tract infection. Conclusion: The proportion of lower respiratory tract infection in patients with Candida albicans infection is higher, and the basic diseases of patients with Candida albicans infection are mainly cerebrovascular accidents. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients with bloodstream infection and patients with lower respiratory tract infection, but patients with invasive operations such as CVC had a higher risk of bloodstream infection with single Candida albicans than patients with lower respiratory tract infection with single Candida albicans, which deserves further attention from clinicians. The analysis of this study shows that we should attach great importance to and guard against Candida infection in inpatients, and timely intervention treatment should be carried out when Candida infection is considered and Candida colonization is excluded. Correct identification of Candida albicans infection is particularly important to control infection and improve the condition. The monitoring of flora should be strengthened in key departments. Standardized intervention treatment after timely detection and diagnosis of Candida infection can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. The analysis of this study shows that we should attach great importance to and guard against Candida infection in inpatients, and timely intervention treatment should be carried out when Candida infection is considered and Candida colonization is excluded. Correct identification of Candida albicans infection is particularly important to control infection and improve the condition. The monitoring of flora should be strengthened in key departments. Standardized intervention treatment after timely detection and diagnosis of Candida infection can effectively improve the prognosis of patients.
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Jahan, Noor, Pratishtha Vishnoi, Bhavana Gupta, Swati Srivastava, Siraj Ahmad, and Razia Khatoon. "Identification of various Candida species isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis attending a tertiary care hospital in North India." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 2 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20200076.
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Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a condition diagnosed in a large proportion of women presenting with complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge. The risk of VVC is high in women with diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, using oral contraceptives or broad-spectrum antibiotics and those having Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.Objective of the present study was to identify the various species of Candida isolated from patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from January to June 2018. A total of 69 clinically suspected VVC cases were included in the study whose high vaginal swabs were collected and subjected to direct microscopy and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Creamy white pigmented colonies on SDA were confirmed as Candida by doing Gram’s staining. Speciation of positive cultures was confirmed by conventional methods like Corn Meal agar culture, Germ tube test (GTT), Candida CHROM Agar Medium (CAM), sugar assimilation and fermentation test.Results: Out of 69 clinically suspected VVC cases included in the study, only 14 cultures were positive for Candida species. All the 14 isolates were found to be Non-albicans Candida (NAC). Most common species isolated were Candida glabrata 7(50%), followed by Candida tropicalis 3(21.4%), Candida lusitaniae 3(21.4%), and Candida parapsilosis 1 (7.1%).Conclusions: Candida albicans was known to be the most common causative agent of VVC as it was isolated in 90% cases. However, this study showed that all isolates from VVC were Non-albicans Candida. Therefore, species identification should be done in all microbiology laboratories for accurate diagnosis of VVC.
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Sustr, Valentina, Philipp Foessleitner, Herbert Kiss, and Alex Farr. "Vulvovaginal Candidosis: Current Concepts, Challenges and Perspectives." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040267.
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Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is a frequently occurring infection of the lower female genital tract, mostly affecting immuno-competent women at childbearing age. Candida albicans is the most prevalent pathogenic yeast—apart from other non-albicans species—related to this fungal infection. Different virulence factors of C. albicans have been identified, which increase the risk of developing VVC. To initiate treatment and positively influence the disease course, fast and reliable diagnosis is crucial. In this narrative review, we cover the existing state of understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of VVC. However, treatment recommendations should follow current guidelines.
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Shirani, Kiana, Zahra Allameh, and Azadeh Moshtzan. "Identification of etiologic agents of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in patients from Isfahan, Iran." Immunopathologia Persa 7, no. 2 (2020): e18-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2021.18.
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Introduction: Occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), as a common condition in women of childbearing age, is increasing all over the world as a result of extensive use of antibiotics and antifungal drugs. Objectives: In the present study to gain the up-to-date information on involved species and the prevalence of the recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) in Isfahan, Iran, we assessed the etiologic agents of aforementioned disease in women referred to the Al-Zahra hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Furthermore, we surveyed the possible relationship between age, education and marital status with prevalence of albicans and non-albicans candidiasis. Patients and Methods: Our study was conducted on subjects who were admitted to the gynecology and midwifery clinic between September 2017 and August 2018 and had clinical presentations of vulvovaginitis. Sampling of 100 women was done using sterile swab. Samples were transferred to the hospital laboratory for cellular and molecular investigations. Results:Candida albicans was the main pathogen involved in the pathogenesis of RVVC and Candida glabrata is the second most common pathogen. Moreover, none of the 100 cases that we tested were infected with Candida krusei. We found a meaningful relationship between age and RVVC triggered by Candida albicans (P<0.05) but there was no significant relationship between age and RVVC that triggered by non-albicans fungi. There was no meaningful correlation between levels of education, number of children and types of delivery with RVVC that infected by various albicans and non-albicans candidiasis (P>0.05). Conclusion:Candidaalbicans was the main pathogen involved in the pathogenesis of RVVC in Isfahan while Candida glabrata is the second most common pathogen. Despite their high cost, molecular methods have high value in accurate diagnosis of the RVVC.
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D. N, Girah, Akani N. P, and Aleruchi O. "Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida species from patients attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria." International Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1, no. 3 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5126.
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The development of medical therapy and patients profile has led to a rise in the incidence of nosocomial fungal infection. The frequency of candidiasis has surged worldwide, and the prevalent of healthcare diseases are now Candida species. Candida species causes a range of human infections known as Candidiasis. The non-albicans Candida (NAC) species have recently superseded Candida albicans as significant opportunistic pathogens. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from various Clinical samples in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 206 clinical specimens from male and female patients of all ages were sampled in the Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, to investigate suspected Candida infections. The isolation and identification of Candida species was done by culture on SDA, Gram stain, sugar fermentation and phylogenetic profiling. Antifungal susceptibility pattern was done by Disc Diffusion method using Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Miconazole, Nystatin and Itraconazole. The results showed that out of 206 specimens, 44 isolates (21.4%) were identified, with the majority (56.82%) from high vaginal swabs (HVS), followed by urine (31.82%) and oral swabs (11.36%). The age of patients ranged from four months to 73 years giving a Mean Age 1.86+ 0.344, with females (85.4%) outnumbering males (13.6%). Prevalence of Candida spp revealed Candida albicans (50%), Candida krusei (18.2%), Candida parapsilosis (11.4%), Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis (9.1%) respectively and Candida pelliculosa (2.2%), with C. albicans being the most prevalent. The antifungal susceptibility testing among the azoles showed that Fluconazole (79.5%) and Ketoconazole (77.3%) were most sensitive agents against isolates from HVS, urine and oral swabs respectively and Itraconazole (34.1%) was most resistant especially to those from oral swabs. This study highlights the increasing prevalence of NAC species over Candida albicans and the growing resistance of Candida isolates to commonly used antifungal drugs. Diagnosis of these species of Candida and sensitivity to antifungal agents are critical components to treatment, particularly for patients with severe underlying illnesses who are hospitalized.
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Gonzalez-Lara, María F., and Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner. "Invasive Candidiasis." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 41, no. 01 (2020): 003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701215.
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AbstractInvasive candidiasis (IC) is the most frequent health care associated invasive fungal infection. It is also associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. The most frequent etiologic agent is Candida albicans, but non-albicans species are increasing and associated with reduced antifungal susceptibility and outbreaks. Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant species recently described. IC presents as a spectrum of disease, going from fungemia to deep-seated candidiasis, and to septic shock with multiorgan failure. Diagnosis of IC is challenging. Several biomarkers and molecular methods are available for improving diagnosis. Early initial treatment with echinocandins is the treatment of choice. Step-down therapy when antifungal susceptibility is available is possible. Several new antifungal agents for the treatment of IC are in clinical development.
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Shrestha, Kewal, Kumari Ragani Yadav, Ganesh Kumar Singh, and Sujit Kumar Bhattacharjee. "Phenotypic Characterization of Candida species in Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 11, no. 2 (2022): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v11i2.50463.
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Background: Candida albicans is one of the most frequently isolated yeast in clinical laboratories and studies have shown that it accounts for up to 80% of the yeast recovered from the site of infection. Candida species have emerged as significant opportunistic fungal pathogens and the conventional methods of yeast identification are reported to be cumbersome with delayed diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Thus rapid identification and speciation of Candida species is essential in clinical laboratories.
 Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in the department of microbiology, Nobel medical college from January 2020 to December 2020. Approval was acquired from the Institutional Review Committee. Various clinical specimens were obtained and identification as per the standard microbiological procedures. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 20.
 Results: A total of 62 Candida species were isolated out of which 65% were from male and 35% were from female patients. Candida albicans was found to be the most common species with 68%. The highest incidence was seen in the age group below 20 years and 21 – 40 years with 32.25% cases each followed by 41-60 years with 20.96% cases. Among 62 specimens, urine samples yielded the highest number of Candida species 48.38% followed by sputum samples with 29.03% Candida species. High vaginal swab (HVS) yielded 12.9% Candida species and blood samples yielded 9.67% Candida species.
 Conclusion: Candida albicans is still the most significant clinically but other non albicans are also emerging significant pathogens and warrant routine discrimination in clinical laboratories.
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Borges, J. S., V. M. Giudice, R. N. Leandro, et al. "Identification of female genital tract infectious agents in patients treated for cytopathological diagnosis." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 9 (2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/13920201079.
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Vaginal candidiasis, fungal infection caused by species of Candida spp. that affects women of all ages, cultures, habits, social and economic conditions. The present study had as its main objective to determine the identification of Candida spp. isolated in a vaginal sample, collected together with the collection for the cytopathological exam, in women treated in a university extension project, aiming at allowing a suitable therapeutics afterwards. The extension project began in January 2014 to June 2019 at the UFRGS. The patients who sought the Laboratory of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (LACT) of the Faculty of Pharmacy of UFRGS first answered a questionnaire to obtain epidemiological data. Cytopathological diagnosis, Papanicolao smear, and presence of Candida spp. yeast, culture and identification and Trichomonas vaginalis, light microscopy. During the study period, 227 patients, 25.11%, aged 15 to 82 years, presented positive culture for Candida spp. Six species were identified, C. albicans (40.35%), C. glabrata (28.07%) and C. parapsilosis, 15.79%. C. krusei, C. guilliermondii and C. tropicalis totaled (15.79%). Regarding the inflammatory process, present in 49.12%, in C. krusei (75%) and C. guilliermondii (100%), and absence in C. tropicalis. The correct diagnosis and treatment of patients with vaginal candidiasis, even if not considered sexually transmitted, enables to prevent contamination through direct contact, sexual or otherwise, with other individuals and the improvement of self-esteem and quality of life. The prevalence of Candida albicans is still the main cause of vaginal candidiasis, but not neglecting the increase in the number of cases associated with non-albicans species, as well as other infectious agents such as Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacteria.
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García-Salazar, Eduardo, Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano, Paola Betancourt-Cisneros, et al. "Detection and Molecular Identification of Eight Candida Species in Clinical Samples by Simplex PCR." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (2022): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020374.
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Systemic candidiasis is a frequent opportunistic mycosis that can be life-threatening. Its main etiological agent is Candida albicans; however, the isolation of non-albicans Candida species has been increasing. Some of these species exhibit greater resistance to antifungals, so the rapid and specific identification of yeasts is crucial for a timely diagnosis and optimal treatment of patients. Multiple molecular assays have been developed, based mainly on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), showing high specificity and sensitivity to detect and identify Candida spp. Nevertheless, its application in diagnosis has been limited due to specialized infrastructure or methodological complexity. The objective of this study was to develop a PCR assay that detects and identifies some of the most common pathogenic Candida species and evaluate their diagnostic utility in blood samples and bronchial lavage. A pair of oligonucleotides was designed, CandF and CandR, based on sequence analysis of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S region of the rDNA of Candida spp., deposited in GenBank. The designed oligonucleotides identified C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei/Pichia kudriazevii, C. guilliermondii/Meyerozyma guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae/Clavispora lusitaniae, and C. dubliniensis using simplex PCR based on the amplicon size, showing a detection limit of 10 pg/μL of DNA or 103 yeasts/mL. Based on cultures as the gold standard, it was determined that the sensitivity (73.9%), specificity (96.3%), and the positive (94.4%) and negative (81.2%) predictive values of the PCR assay with the designed oligonucleotides justify their reliable use in diagnosis.
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Novikova, Natalia, Elena Yassievich, and Per-Anders Mårdh. "Microscopy of stained smears of vaginal secretion in the diagnosis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 5 (2002): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462021925135.
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This study was undertaken to determine the value of stained smears from the vaginal introitus and the posterior vaginal fornix for detection of candida morphotypes in the diagnosis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) in cases with an assumed novel attack of the condition, and to compare the value of microscopy of such smears in relation to candida culture, vaginal pH-determinations and leucocyte esterase tests (LE). One hundred and thirteen women with a history and a current assumed attack of RVVC were studied by means of culture of samples from the vaginal introitus and posterior vaginal fornix on Sabouraud and CHROMagar. Microscopy of methylene blue- and Gram-stained smears from these sites was performed. The pH of vaginal secretion and the LE activity in vaginal flushing fluid was measured. Candida morphotypes were found significantly more often in the smears from candida culture-positive than culture-negative women. There was no difference in this respect between the findings in the methylene blue- and Gram-stained smears. Differences were found in candida morphotypes among Candida albicans and non- albicans-positive cases, as blastoconidia were detected only in the latter cases. The leukocyte esterase activity score was higher in the candida-positive than in candida-negative cases. The study showed that microscopy of fixed, stained genital smears can play a role in attempts to distinguish cases infected and not infected by candida among patients consulting with an assumed novel attack of RVVC. Study of methylene blue-stained smears is recommended as they represent an easier means than Gram-stained smears to diagnose genital candida infections in assumed RVVC cases.
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Swain, Niharika, Shilpa Patel, Jigna Pathak, Priyadarshani R. Sarkate, Rashmi H. Hosalkar, and Nikita K. Sahu. "Role of Candida Species in Oral Lichen Planus." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 9, no. 3 (2019): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1270.
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ABSTRACT Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans, although other Candida species can also cause candidiasis. Patients with symptomatic or erythematous oral lichen planus (OLP) have commonly been associated with these. In recent times, however, there has been a notable shift in the incidence of non-Candida albicans (NCA) species which is gaining prominence due to significant differences in their susceptibility to antimycotic drugs. Studies showed that C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were the most common NCA species isolated in OLP. Treatment failure is common among NCA species in OLP due to its intrinsic resistant or low susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents. This article reviews the role of Candida species in etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of OLP. How to cite this article: Sarkate PR, Pathak J, Patel S, et al. Role of Candida Species in Oral Lichen Planus. J Contemp Dent 2019;9(3):124–129.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Identification of Candida species Isolated From Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Patients by Chromgen agar and PCR-RFLP Method." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 2 (2016): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.2.291-297.
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This study focuses on diagnosis of Candida species causing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis using phenotype and genotype analyzing methods, and frequencies of candida species also using Vulvovaginal Candidiasis patients. 130 samples (100 from patients and 30 from non infected women) were collected and cultured on biological media. Identifying the yeasts, initially some phenotypic experiments were carried out such as germ tube, from motion of pseudohyphae and clamydospores in CMA+TW80 medium, API20 candida and CHROMagar Candida. Genomic DNA of all species were extracted and analyzed with PCR and subsequent Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Frequency of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis , C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata were 46.4%, 31%, 18%, 7.2%, and 1.8%, respectively.The ITS1-ITS4 region was amplified and the Restriction enzyme Msp1 digests this region and was used to identify of candida species .Electrophoretically ribosomal DNA of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata produced two bands whereas the C. parapsilosis gave one band.
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Clack, Kimberley, Mohamed Sallam, Serge Muyldermans, Prabhakaran Sambasivam, Cong Minh Nguyen, and Nam-Trung Nguyen. "Instant Candida albicans Detection Using Ultra-Stable Aptamer Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles." Micromachines 15, no. 2 (2024): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15020216.
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Fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans have significant impacts on women’s health and the economy worldwide. Current detection methods often require access to laboratory facilities that are costly, inconvenient, and slow to access. This often leads to self-diagnosis, self-treatment and eventual antifungal resistance. We have created a rapid (within five minutes), cost-effective, and user-friendly method for the early detection of Candida albicans. Our platform utilises aptamer-tagged-gold-core-shell nanoparticles for Candida albicans detection based on the presence of 1,3-β-d glucan molecules. Nanoparticle aggregation occurs in the presence of Candida albicans fungal cells, causing a redshift in the UV-visible absorbance, turning from pink/purple to blue. This colour change is perceptible by the naked eye and provides a “yes”/“no” result. Our platform was also capable of detecting Candida albicans from individual yeast colonies without prior sample processing, dilution or purification. Candida albicans yeast cells were detected with our platform at concentrations as low as 5 × 105 cells within a 50 μL sample volume. We believe that this technology has the potential to revolutionise women’s health, enabling women to test for Candida albicans accurately and reliably from home. This approach would be advantageous within remote or developing areas.
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JAMILATUN, MAKHABBAH, SEPTI DEA MAWARNI, and WAWAN SOFWAN ZAINI. "GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS ON MODIFIED MEDIA BASED ON COOWBEANS (VIGNA UNGUICULATA L. WALP)." Quantum Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2025): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjoest.v6i1.208.
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One fungus that can cause infection is Candida albicans. Supporting examinations to confirm the diagnosis can be carried out by growing the fungus in fungal growth media. The abundance of natural resources can be used as substitute raw materials for growth media for microorganisms. Cowpea is a natural ingredient that contains quite high nutrients, is widely available, easy to cultivate, has a fast harvest time, and is relatively affordable. This research aimed to determine the growth and morphology of Candida albicans on modified cowpea media. The method used was laboratory experimental and five variations were made to differ in the amount of cowpea added, namely 5 g (F1), 10 g (F2), 15 g (F3), 20 g (F4), 25 g (F5). The research showed that Candida albicans fungus grew on the modified cowpea media. The morphology of Candida albicans colonies in all cowpea-modified media formulations is characterized by smooth round colonies, yellowish white with a characteristic yeast odor. Candida albicans fungi in F1, F2 and F3, produce blastospores. Candida albicans fungi in F4 and F5 produce blastospores, pseudohyphae, and chlamydospores. Cowpea-modified media can be used as an alternative growth medium for Candida albicans, the best seen from its morphology is F5 with the addition of 25 g of cowpea.
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Makanjuola, Olufunmilola, Felix Bongomin, and Samuel Fayemiwo. "An Update on the Roles of Non-albicans Candida Species in Vulvovaginitis." Journal of Fungi 4, no. 4 (2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4040121.
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Candida species are one of the commonest causes of vaginitis in healthy women of reproductive age. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized by vulvovaginal itching, redness and discharge. Candida albicans, which is a common genito-urinary tract commensal, has been the prominent species and remains the most common fungal agent isolated from clinical samples of patients diagnosed with VVC. In recent times, however, there has been a notable shift in the etiology of candidiasis with non-albicans Candida (NAC) species gaining prominence. The NAC species now account for approximately 10% to as high as 45% of VVC cases in some studies. This is associated with treatment challenges and a slightly different clinical picture. NAC species vaginitis is milder in presentation, often occur in patients with underlying chronic medical conditions and symptoms tend to be more recurrent or chronic compared with C. albicans vaginitis. C. glabrata is the most common cause of NAC-VVC. C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. guilliermondii are the other commonly implicated species. Treatment failure is common in NAC-VVC, since some of these species are intrinsically resistant or show low susceptibilities to commonly used antifungal agents. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of NAC vulvovaginitis.
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Petrillo, Francesco, Marica Sinoca, Antonio Maria Fea, et al. "Candida Biofilm Eye Infection: Main Aspects and Advance in Novel Agents as Potential Source of Treatment." Antibiotics 12, no. 8 (2023): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081277.
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Fungi represent a very important cause of microbial eye infections, especially in tropical and developing countries, as they could cause sight-threating disease, such as keratitis and ocular candidiasis, resulting in irreversible vision loss. Candida species are among the most frequent microorganisms associated with fungal infection. Although Candida albicans is still the most frequently detected organism among Candida subspecies, an important increase in non-albicans species has been reported. Mycotic infections often represent an important diagnostic-clinical problem due to the difficulties in performing the diagnosis and a therapeutic problem due to the limited availability of commercial drugs and the difficult penetration of antifungals into ocular tissues. The ability to form biofilms is another feature that makes Candida a dangerous pathogen. In this review, a summary of the state-of-the-art panorama about candida ocular pathology, diagnosis, and treatment has been conducted. Moreover, we also focused on new prospective natural compounds, including nanoparticles, micelles, and nanocarriers, as promising drug delivery systems to better cure ocular fungal and biofilm-related infections. The effect of the drug combination has also been examined from the perspective of increasing efficacy and improving the course of infections caused by Candida which are difficult to fight.
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Al-Dorzi, Hasan M., Hussam Sakkijha, Raymond Khan, et al. "Invasive Candidiasis in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study in Two Tertiary Care Centers." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 6 (2018): 542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066618767835.
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Background: Invasive candidiasis is not uncommon in critically ill patients but has variable epidemiology and outcomes between intensive care units (ICUs). This study evaluated the epidemiology, characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with invasive candidiasis at 6 ICUs of 2 tertiary care centers. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of all adults admitted to 6 ICUs in 2 different hospitals between August 2012 and May 2016 and diagnosed to have invasive candidiasis by 2 intensivists according to predefined criteria. The epidemiology of isolated Candida and the characteristics, management, and outcomes of affected patients were studied. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of non-albicans versus albicans infection and hospital mortality. Results: Invasive candidiasis was diagnosed in 162 (age 58.4 ± 18.9 years, 52.2% males, 82.1% medical admissions, and admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 24.1 ± 8.4) patients at a rate of 2.6 cases per 100 ICU admissions. On the diagnosis day, the Candida score was 2.4 ± 0.9 in invasive candidiasis compared with 1.6 ± 0.9 in Candida colonization ( P < .01). The most frequent species were albicans (38.3%), tropicalis (16.7%), glabrata (16%), and parapsilosis (13.6%). In patients with candidemia, antifungal therapy was started on average 1 hour before knowing the culture result (59.6% of therapy initiated after). Resistance to fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B occurred in 27.9%, 2.9%, and 3.1%, respectively. The hospital mortality was 58.6% with no difference between albicans and non-albicans infections (61.3% and 54.9%, respectively; P = .44). The independent predictors of mortality were renal replacement therapy after invasive candidiasis diagnosis (odds ratio: 5.42; 95% confidence interval: 2.16-13.56) and invasive candidiasis leading/contributing to ICU admission versus occurring during critical illness (odds ratio: 2.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-6.74). Conclusions: In critically ill patients with invasive candidiasis, non-albicans was responsible for most cases, and mortality was high (58.6%). Antifungal therapy was initiated after culture results in 60% suggesting low preclinical suspicion. Study registration: NCT01490684; registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on February 11, 2012.
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Menz, M. L., L. N. Calil, F. M. Bittencourt, and A. Mezzari. "Pharmaceutical care in the context of an Extension Project to care for patients with vaginal candidiasis with the strategy of carrying out antifungal resistance testing and community health prevention." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 9 (2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/13920201073.
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Vaginal candidiasis, fungal infection caused by species of Candida spp. that affects women of all ages, cultures, habits, social and economic conditions. Its frequency and epidemiology is already reported, but resistance and therapeutic failures have been recorded. Methodology: In the Laboratory of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes of the Faculty of Pharmacy of UFRGS (LACT), cervicovaginal collections of women were performed for Candida research and determination of species, after which susceptibility tests were performed to fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and nystatin. With the results obtained complement with the Pharmaceutical Care Project. Results: C. albicans was identified in 37% and in non-albicans species, C. glabrata in 27%. C. albicans was more sensitive to antifungals than C. glabrata, which presented a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) higher than C. albicans. Conclusion: Antifungal resistance has increased due to the use in prophylaxis and treatments without the correct diagnosis, requiring a more careful look at these patients. Thus, it is necessary to follow up the diagnosis and treatment by the health professional, the pharmacist, who has knowledge of the drug therapy used and this is obtained by the Pharmaceutical Care acting in the Project.
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Mallya, Sachidananda, and Shrikara Mallya. "Candida and Oral Candidosis—A Review." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 09, no. 02 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695651.
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AbstractOral candidiasis (also called candidosis) is an opportunistic infection affecting the oral mucosa. These lesions are very common and caused by yeast Candida albicans. C. albicans are normal component of oral microflora and around 30 to 50% carry these organisms. The rate of carriage increases with advancing age of the patient. C. albicans are recovered from patient’s mouth over the age of 60 years. Other species such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei are infrequently but consistently isolated. Oral candidosis can be classified into primary and secondary candidiasis. The factors involved in the pathogenicity of C. albicans have been reviewed. The pathogenesis of different biotypes and strains of C. albicans varies. A relationship has been suggested between the adherence of C. albicans to surfaces and its ability to colonize and cause disease. An important aspect of the pathogenicity of C. albicans may be its nonspecific affinity and binding to acrylic resin and other plastics. The factors affecting adhesion of yeasts, related to yeast cells, related to host cells and environmental factors, and the main factors which increase the susceptibility of oral candidiasis have been reviewed. The different types of oral lesions, their identification by different methods, management, and treatment of oral candidiasis also have been highlighted.Oral candidosis as a common opportunistic infection has gained importance after the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Candidiasis was always an endogenous infection. There are few cases of exogenous infection in intravenous drug abusers and contact lens users. Esophageal candidiasis is the earliest and most cases of lesions seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. The diagnosis and reporting of oral candidiasis should be done with utmost care. The finding of yeast cells in large numbers and presence of pseudohyphae indicate invasion and causative agent of infection. The diagnosis of Candida infection can be confirmed by various techniques and recently discovered advanced methods.The confirmation of Candida infection depends on clinical diagnosis, proper collection of specimen, and careful evaluation in methodology and reporting.
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Eid, Hamza M. A., and Yahya A. Almutawif. "Prevalence of Candida Species Isolates in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Madinah, Saudi Arabia." Global Journal of Health Science 15, no. 9 (2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v15n9p27.
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INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is considered one of the most prevalent infections that may lead to many renal complications or dysfunctions. They are responsible for almost 10% of all infections in Saudi Arabia, which makes them the second most common cause of emergency department admission. Bacteria are the most common pathogens associated with UTIs. Nevertheless, UTIs caused by fungi have also been reported. Among fungal infections, Candida spp. has been identified as the primary cause of UTI-related mycoses. 
 
 OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of Candida species isolated from adult patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
 
 MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using data collected from patients who visited King Fahad General Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 16803 urine bacterial cultures data were collected from January 2019 to October 2021. 
 
 RESULTS: Among the 4281 positive urine cultures, 92% (n = 3937) showed bacterial growth, while 8% (n = 344) exhibited fungal growth. Female patients had a slightly higher percentage of fungal-positive cases (53%, n = 181) compared to males (47%, n = 163). Among different nationalities, Saudi citizens had the highest prevalence of positive fungal samples (64%, n = 220). Most positive cases (49%, n = 167) were isolated in 2019, with a decline in subsequent years. Non-Candida albicans spp. (86.3%, n = 297) were the most common fungal species, followed by Candida albicans (13.7%, n = 47).
 
 CONCLUSION: Despite considering bacterial UTIs to be more prevalent than UTI-related mycoses, it remains crucial to accurately identify the causative agent for proper diagnosis and treatment. UTI-related mycosis caused by non-Candida albicans spp. has significantly increased compared to Candida albicans. Thus, monitoring these trends over time can provide valuable insights for developing preventive strategies and optimizing treatment approaches.
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Byadarahally Raju, Smitha, and Shashanka Rajappa. "Isolation and Identification of Candida from the Oral Cavity." ISRN Dentistry 2011 (October 25, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/487921.
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Various techniques are available for the isolation of Candida within the oral cavity. Such methods play an important role in the diagnosis and management of oral candidosis. The growing importance of Candida is in part related to the emergence of HIV infection and the more widespread use of immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Along with the Candida albicans there has been a greater recognition of the importance of the nonalbicans Candida species in oral candidosis. Identification of infecting strains of Candida is important because isolates of Candida species differ widely, both in their ability to cause infection and also in their susceptibility to antifungal agents. Thus this review provides an overview of the reliable methods of candidal isolation and identification of isolates from the oral cavity.
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Fomin, Petro, Oleh Matviychuk, and Olena Korniychuk. "MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECTRE OF TERTIARY PERITONITIS AS A COMPONENT OF ITS DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT." EUREKA: Health Sciences 6 (November 30, 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2017.00466.
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The aim of the research was to investigate the microbial spectre of tertiary peritonits (TP) and its antibiotic resistance as the way to improve the diagnostics and treatment of TP. Materials and methods. Prospective research enrolled 109 patients with secondary peritonitis. Tertiary peritonitis developed in 18,3 % of cases. Samples of peritoneal exudate had been drawn upon index operation, relaparotomy and on the day of diagnosis of TP. Blood sampling was performed in patients with persistent fever, impaired consciousness, prolonged (>4 days) discharge from drainage tubes and on the 1st day of diagnosis of TP. Antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated using Hinton-Müller media. Results and discussion. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with secondary peritonitis (89) and with TP (20). In TP group, cultivation of 76,2 % of primary specimens resulted in replantable and identifiable growth, presenting a shift towards Gram-negative flora and higher incidence of Candida albicans. Following the development of TP, hemocultures were positive in 15,1 %, presented mainly by Proteus spp. and non-albicans Candida spp. Second-group carbapenems, tigecycline and piperacillin-tazobactam had shown the highest activity in pathogens of TP. Caspofungin proved to be the most potent antifungal agent, especially towards non-albicans Candida spp. Antibiotic resistance in TP group was marked in 63,8 %. Conclusions. Tertiary peritonitis is one of the most severe forms of abdominal sepsis with highest mortality. Causing pathogenic flora in case of TP is mainly Gram-negative and coccal with high rates of antibiotic resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Fungi, presented predominantly by Candida non-albicans substrains, show an increasing content in peritoneal exudate and major effect upon mortality in TP. In case of TP, a significant percent of peritoneal specimens do not provide any culture growth despite of observing stringent sampling, transportation and cultivation rules. Antimicrobial therapy of TP can never be standardized and should always be thoroughly based upon regular and proper peritoneal and blood sampling.
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Ikeda, Kiyonobu, Junkoh Yamashita, Hironori Fujisawa, and Shi-ichi Fujita. "Cerebral Granuloma and Meningitis Caused by Candida albicans: Useful Monitoring of Mannan Antigen in Cerebrospinal Fluid." Neurosurgery 26, no. 5 (1990): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199005000-00020.
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Abstract The authors report the case of a previously healthy patient who had recurrent cerebral granulomas and meningitis caused by Candida albicans 15 years after the first onset. A combination of external drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intraventricular and intravenous chemotherapy with antifungal agents resulted in a favorable outcome. Investigation of this patient revealed no immunological dysfunction, lymphoproliferative disorder, or candidicidal defect of peripheral blood leukocytes. Sequential measurement of Candida mannan antigen in CSF was useful for establishing the early diagnosis of cerebral candidiasis and for judging the effect of our antifungal chemotherapy. In determining the surgical indications and timing of placement of a ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial shunt for meningitis subsequent to hydrocephalus after candidal infection, it is better to confirm normal concentrations of the mannan antigen in the CSF repeatedly for more than a week and to determine that cultures of the CSF are negative for Candida albicans.
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Ahmad, Imran, Mohammed Fahud Khurram, Sudheer Kumar Maurya, Rajesh Kumar Maurya, and Mohd Tafazul Sheikh. "Fungal infection profile in burn patients at a tertiary care centre of India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 8 (2018): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182934.
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Background: Burn patients are at high risk of infections and burn wound infection is one of the most important factor responsible for their morbidity and mortality. Burn patients have increased incidence of fungal infection in comparison to others. Fungal infection is difficult to diagnose because it has similar symptoms like bacterial infections. Common fungal organism causing burn wounds infections are Candida sp., Aspergillus sp., non albicans Candida, Zygomycetes etc.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Department of Burn, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, J.N.M.C.H., Aligarh Muslim University, India from December 2015 to June 2017. Patients having 20 to 60% body surface area involvement with more than 5 years of age with no comorbidity were included in this study.Results: In our study, total 126 patients were included, 9 male patients (18.37%) were found fungal culture positive whereas 14 females (18.18%) were culture positive. 12 patients (9.52%) were found to be positive for Candida albicans, 6 patients (4.76%) were Aspergillus flavus positive, 3 patients (2.38%) were positive for Non Candida albicans and 2 patients (1.59%) were positive for Aspergillus niger.Conclusions: Fungal burn wound infections are one of the most common cause of late onset morbidity and mortality in burn patients. So, high level of suspicion and tissue culture are essential in making early diagnosis and treatment. Judicious use of antibiotics are also necessary for decreasing its incidence.