Academic literature on the topic 'Diagnostic Assay Development'

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Journal articles on the topic "Diagnostic Assay Development"

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Pang, Junxiong, Po Ying Chia, David C. Lye, and Yee Sin Leo. "Progress and Challenges towards Point-of-Care Diagnostic Development for Dengue." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 12 (September 13, 2017): 3339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00707-17.

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ABSTRACTDengue detection strategies involve viral RNA, antigen, and/or antibody detection. Each strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. Optimal, user-friendly, rapid diagnostic tests based on immunochromatographic assays are pragmatic point-of-care tests (POCTs) in regions where dengue is endemic where there are limited laboratory capabilities and optimal storage conditions. Increasingly, there is a greater public health significance for a multiplexing assay that differentiates dengue from Zika or pathogens with similar clinical presentations. Although there have been many assay/platform developments toward POCTs, independent validation and implementation remain very limited. This review highlights the current key progress and challenges toward the development of a dengue POCT.
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Klosterman, Katja E., Kiersten D. Lenz, Harshini Mukundan, and Jessica Kubicek-Sutherland. "Biophysical Characterization of Human Lipoproteins for Diagnostic Assay Development." Biophysical Journal 120, no. 3 (February 2021): 232a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1538.

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Roberts, Christine, and Joel Maslow. "Assay Challenges for Emerging Infectious Diseases: The Zika Experience." Vaccines 6, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6040070.

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From the perspective of vaccine development, it is imperative to accurately diagnose target infections in order to exclude subjects with prior exposure from evaluations of vaccine effectiveness, to track incident infection during the course of a clinical trial and to differentiate immune reactions due to natural infections from responses that are vaccine related. When vaccine development is accelerated to a rapid pace in response to emerging infectious disease threats, the challenges to develop such diagnostic tools is even greater. This was observed through the recent expansion of Zika virus infections into the Western Hemisphere in 2014–2017. When initial Zika vaccine clinical trials were being designed and launched in response to the outbreak, there were no standardized sets of viral and immunological assays, and no approved diagnostic tests for Zika virus infection. The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is still an area of active research and development on many fronts. Here we review emerging infectious disease vaccine clinical assay development and trial execution with a special focus on the state of Zika virus clinical assays and diagnostics.
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Widiyanti, Dian, Nobuo Koizumi, Takashi Fukui, Lisa T. Muslich, Takaya Segawa, Sharon Y. A. M. Villanueva, Mitsumasa Saito, Toshiyuki Masuzawa, Nina G. Gloriani, and Shin-ichi Yoshida. "Development of Immunochromatography-Based Methods for Detection of Leptospiral Lipopolysaccharide Antigen in Urine." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 5 (March 6, 2013): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00756-12.

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ABSTRACTLeptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete bacteriaLeptospiraspp. and is commonly found throughout the world. Diagnosis of leptospirosis performed by culture and microscopic agglutination tests is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel immunochromatography (ICG)-based method for detectingLeptospiraantigen in the urine of patients and animals. We used the 1H6 monoclonal antibody (MAb), which is specific to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is common amongLeptospiraspp. The MAb was coupled to 40-nm-diameter colloidal gold, and the amounts of labeled antibody and immobilized antibody were 23 μg and 2 μg per test, respectively. Several strains ofLeptospiraand other bacterial species were used to evaluate the sensitivities and specificities of the assays we developed. The detection limit of the assays was 106cells/ml when disrupted whole bacterial cells were used. The assays wereLeptospiraspecific since they did not cross-react with non-Leptospirabacteria used in the study. Application of diagnostic assays was done on the urine samples of 46Leptospira-infected hamsters, 44 patients with suspected leptospirosis, and 14 healthy individuals. Pretreatment of the urine samples by boiling and centrifugation (for ultrafiltration and concentration) eliminated nonspecific reactions that occurred in the assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICG-based lateral flow assay (LFA) were 89% and 87%, respectively, which were higher than those of the dipstick assay, which were 80% and 74%, respectively. In summary, this ICG-based LFA can be used as an alternative diagnostic assay for leptospirosis. Further development is still necessary to improve the assay.
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Liu, Hongna, Kathryn Heflin, Jian Han, Matt Conover, Leslie Wagner, Jeff Bertrand, Phillip Ewing, et al. "Development of the iCubate Molecular Diagnostic Platform Utilizing Amplicon Rescue Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 15, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 1598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2019.2783.

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We utilized Amplicon-Rescue Multiplex PCR (ARM-PCR) and microarray hybridization to develop and validate the iC-GPC Assay, a multiplexed, in vitro diagnostic test that identifies five of the most common gram positive bacteria and three clinically relevant resistance markers associated with bloodstream infections (BSI). The iC-GPC Assay is designed for use with the iC-System™, which automates sample preparation, ARM-PCR, and microarray detection within a closed cassette. Herein, we determined the limit of detection for each of the iC-GPC Assay targets to be between 3.0 × 105–1.7 × 107 CFU/mL, well below clinically relevant bacterial levels for positive blood cultures. Additionally, we tested 106 strains for assay inclusivity and observed a target performance of 99.4%. 95 of 96 non-target organisms tested negative for cross-reactivity, thereby assuring a high level of assay specificity. Overall performance above 99% was observed for iC-GPC Assay reproducibility studies across multiple sites, operators and cassette lots. In conclusion, the iC-GPC Assay is capable of accurately and rapidly identifying bacterial species and resistance determinants present in blood cultures containing gram positive bacteria. Utilizing molecular diagnostics like the iC-GPC Assay will decrease time to treatment, healthcare costs, and BSI-related mortality.
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Al-Yousif, Yousif, Fahad Al-Majhdi, Cindy Chard-Bergstrom, Joe Anderson, and Sanjay Kapil. "Development, Characterization, and Diagnostic Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies against Bovine Rotavirus." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.7.2.288-292.2000.

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ABSTRACT Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the Nebraska calf diarrhea strain of bovine rotavirus (BRV) were characterized. Indirect fluorescent-antibody assay, immunodot assay, and immunoprecipitation were used to select hybridomas that produced anti-BRV MAbs. Seven of the MAbs were shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot assay to be reactive with the BRV outer capsid protein, VP7, which has a molecular mass of 37.5 kDa. None of the seven MAbs were reactive with canine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, or uninfected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. Two clones, 8B4 (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a]) and 2B11 (IgG1), were found suitable for use in an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting BRV in bovine fecal samples. Both were subtype A specific (G6 subtype) but did not react with all isolates of BRV group A.
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Oertelt-Prigione, S., R. Rieger, C. Selmi, P. Tnvertiizzi, M. Podda, and M. E. Gershwin. "[673] DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC ASSAY FOR PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS." Journal of Hepatology 46 (April 2007): S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(07)62271-5.

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Szafranska-Schwarzbach, Anna E., Alex T. Adai, Linda S. Lee, Darwin L. Conwell, and Bernard F. Andruss. "Development of a miRNA-based diagnostic assay for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (April 2011): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.11.10.

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Phillippy, A. M., K. Ayanbule, N. J. Edwards, and S. L. Salzberg. "Insignia: a DNA signature search web server for diagnostic assay development." Nucleic Acids Research 37, Web Server (May 5, 2009): W229—W234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp286.

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Pieck, Michael L., Amy Ruck, Mark L. Farman, Gary L. Peterson, James P. Stack, Barbara Valent, and Kerry F. Pedley. "Genomics-Based Marker Discovery and Diagnostic Assay Development for Wheat Blast." Plant Disease 101, no. 1 (January 2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-16-0500-re.

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Wheat blast has emerged as a major threat to wheat production in South America. Although originally restricted to Brazil, the disease has since been observed in the neighboring countries of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay and recently the pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype, was isolated from infected wheat in Bangladesh. There is growing concern that the pathogen may continue to spread to other parts of the world, including the United States, where several M. oryzae pathotypes are endemic. M. oryzae pathotypes are morphologically indistinguishable and, therefore, must be characterized genotypically. Symptoms of wheat blast include bleaching of the head, which closely resembles the symptoms of Fusarium head blight, further complicating efforts to monitor for the presence of the pathogen in the field. We used a genomics-based approach to identify molecular markers unique to the Triticum pathotype of M. oryzae. One of these markers, MoT3, was selected for the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assay that was evaluated for specificity using DNA from 284 M. oryzae isolates collected from a diverse array of host species. Conventional PCR primers were designed to amplify a 361-bp product, and the protocol consistently amplified from as little as 0.1 ng of purified DNA. The specificity of the MoT3-based assay was also evaluated using Fusarium spp. DNA, from which no amplicons were detected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diagnostic Assay Development"

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Narmack, Samuel. "Functionalization and Evaluation of Nanoparticle Probes for the Development of a 14-Plex Diagnostic assay." Thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299949.

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Detta projekt var ett samarbete mellan Aplex Bio AB och Scilifelab. Projektets mål var att utveckla en molekylär diagnostisk panel med förmågan att detektera och diskriminera mellan 14 olika typer av patogener. Projektet innehåller 4 kapitel med fokus på olika mål. I första kapitlet utvecklades en metod för att karakterisera emissioner av fluorescerande nanopartikel kluster. Den första utvärderade metoden utnyttjade klick-kemi för att binda nanopartiklarna till makrostrukturer uppbyggda av amplifierat DNA. Den andra utvärderade metoden skapade aggregerade komplex av nanopartiklar med amplifierat DNA för att utvärdera partiklarnas emissioner. I kapitel 2 av projektet användes azid-funktionaliserade nanopartiklar levererade av Aplex Bio AB för att tvärbinda DBCO modifierade oligonukleotider. Sedan utvecklades en hybridiserings baserad metod för att kvantifiera relativa mängden oligonukleotider på partiklarna. Denna metod användes för att reproducerbart funktionalisera partiklar och utveckla nanopartikel-sonder som kan binda till DNA genom hybridisering. I kapitel 2 utvärderades även hur effektivt och specifikt de utvecklade nanopartikel-sonderna hybridiserar till DNA. I kapitel 3 utvärderades amplifiering av syntetiska ssDNA sekvenser valda från genetiska markörer av 14 patogener, DNA amplifierades med metoden RCA. Målet var att utvärdera specificiteten av amplifieringen. Specifik amplifiering av varje DNA sekvens i panelen var en förutsättning för att möjliggöra detektion och diskriminering av alla patogener i panelen. I kapitel 4 var målet att utveckla en kostnadseffektiv metod för att funktionalisera nanopartiklar med oligonukleotid sekvenser. För att göra detta användes DBCO-NHS-ester reagens och amin-modifierade oligonukleotider. Förverkligande av detta projekt skulle skapa en diagnostisk panel med potentialen att påverka det diagnostiska fältet på en global skala. När detta projekt är fullt utvecklat kan panelen modifieras för detektion av önskade DNA/RNA sekvenser vilket möjliggör ett mångfalt av applikationer, detta skulle göra panelen konkurrerande med dagens diagnostiska metoder då den kan användas i existerande mikroskopiuppsättningar.
This work was a collaboration between Aplex Bio AB and Scilifelab with the aim of developing a molecular assay capable of detecting and discriminating between 14 different pathogenic targets. There are 4 chapters with focus on different goals. In chapter one a method of evaluating emissions of fluorescent nanoparticle clusters was developed. The first approach of evaluating nanoparticle emissions was to utilize click chemistry to bind nanoparticles to macroscale structures of amplified DNA targets. The second evaluated approach was the formation of aggregated complexes of nanoparticles and amplified DNA targets. The second chapter of the thesis used azide functionalized nanoparticles supplied by Aplex Bio AB to utilize azide groups as crosslinkers and use them to functionalize the nanoparticles with DBCO oligos. A hybridization-based method was then developed to quantify relative oligo densities on the nanoparticles, enabling reproducible oligo functionalization of nanoparticles, producing nanoparticle probes that can bind to DNA. The final task of chapter 2 was evaluating the binding efficiency and specificity of the developed nanoparticle probes. The third chapter of the thesis evaluated amplification of synthetic ssDNA sequences corresponding to genetic markers of 14 pathogenic targets using RCA. The goal was to confirm specificity of chosen padlock probes and corresponding synthetic targets for each pathogen. Specific amplification of each target was a prerequisite to enable detecting and discriminating between the 14 pathogenic targets. In chapter 4 the goal was to develop a cost-effective method of oligo functionalization for nanoparticles. This chapter evaluated two main approaches of using DBCO-NHS-ester reagents to perform DBCO modification of amine-oligos. The realization of this work would develop an assay that has the potential to impact the field of diagnostics on a global scale. When fully developed, the molecular assay can be modified to detect any RNA/DNA targets which enables numerous applications, making the assay a competitive diagnostic tool which can be implemented in existing microscopy systems.
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Wan, Zhuohua. "Newly recognized rat parvoviruses : characterization and diagnostic assay development /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013040.

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Frazenburg, Lolita. "The development of a diagnostic assay for nepoviruses in grapevine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96964.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The nepoviruses are a group of nematode-transmitted plant viruses that are distributed worldwide and infect a wide range of plant species, including grapevine. Most of the nepoviruses are foreign to South Africa and to date, only Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is present. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), as the official National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) of South Africa, is committed to prevent the importation and spread of plant pathogens by administering the Agricultural Pests Act, 1983 (Act No. 36 of 1983). Effective measures are implemented by which the introduction of agricultural pests may be prohibited to safeguard the agricultural environment. One of the core functions of DAFF is to render a routine plant health diagnostic service for imported plants and plant products to prevent exotic pathogens from entering the country. The objective of this study was to develop a diagnostic assay for the detection of nepoviruses in grapevine. The project aimed to produce antibodies by recombinant DNA technology against bacterially expressed viral coat protein of a specific nepovirus [Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV)] and subsequently develop a DAS-ELISA (Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent) assay for the detection of the virus. The coat protein (CP) was successfully isolated from imported ToRSV-infected grapevine material. Two expression systems were utilised for expression of the ToRSV-CP, the GST gene fusion system and an Agrobacterium-mediated expression system. The GST gene fusion system was unsuccessful as insufficient soluble protein expression prevented the production of antibodies and thus the development of the DAS-ELISA assay. Tissue print immunoassay (TPIA) initially showed positive results for transient expression of the fusion protein in tobacco plants, but further confirmation proved to be inconclusive. The project also aimed to develop a real-time PCR assay for the specific detection and relative quantification of GFLV, based on a conserved region of the RNA-2 genome. A partial GFLV-RNA-2 from a South African isolate of grapevine was sequenced and used for the design of specific primers. The quantitative real-time PCR assay based on SYBR green technology proved to be sensitive in detecting levels as low as 0.11ng/reaction in infected plants, making it a highly effective diagnostic tool for the detection of GFLV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die nepovirusse is 'n groep van nematode-oordraagbare plant virusse wat wêreldwyd versprei word en 'n wye verskeidenheid van plantspesies infekteer, insluitend wingerd. Die meeste van die nepovirusse is uitheems aan Suid-Afrika en tot op datum is net Wingerd netelblaar virus (GFLV) teenwoordig. Die Departement van Landbou, Bosbou en Visserye (DAFF), as die amptelike Nasionale Plant Beskermings Organisasie (NPBO) van Suid-Afrika, is daartoe verbind om die invoer en verspreiding van plantpatogene te voorkom deur administrasie van die Wet op Landbouplae, 1983 (Wet No. 36 van 1983). Doeltreffende maatreëls word geïmplementeer waardeur die invoer van landbouplae verbied word om sodoende die landbou-omgewing te beskerm. Een van die kernfunksies van DAFF is om 'n roetine plant gesondheid diagnostiese diens vir ingevoerde plante en plantprodukte te lewer om te verhoed dat eksotiese patogene die land binnedring. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n diagnostiese toets vir die opsporing van nepovirusse in wingerd te ontwikkel. Die projek was daarop gemik om antiliggame te vervaardig deur rekombinante DNA-tegnologie teen bakterieël-uitgedrukte virale mantelproteïen van 'n spesifieke nepovirus [Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV)] en vervolgens ‘n DASELISA (Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent) toets vir die opsporing van die virus te ontwikkel. Die mantelproteïen (CP) is met sukses geïsoleer vanaf ingevoerde ToRSV-besmette wingerdmateriaal. Twee uitdrukking stelsels is gebruik vir uitdrukking van die ToRSV-CP, die “GST gene fusion” stelsel en 'n Agrobacterium-bemiddelde uitdrukking stelsel. Die “GST gene fusion” stelsel was egter onsuksesvol aangesien onvoldoende oplosbare proteïen uitdrukking die produksie van antiliggame en dus die ontwikkeling van die DAS-ELISA toets verhoed het. “Tissue print immunoassay” (TPIA) het aanvanklik positiewe resultate getoon vir tydelike uitdrukking van die fusie proteïen in tabakplante, maar verdere bevestiging was onoortuigend. Die projek was ook daarop gemik om ‘n in-tyd polimerase ketting reaksie (PKR) toets vir die spesifieke opsporing en relatiewe kwantifisering van GFLV, gebaseer op 'n gekonserveerde volgorde van die RNA-2 genoom, te ontwikkel. 'n Gedeeltelike GFLV-RNA-2 nukleïensuurvolgorde van 'n Suid-Afrikaanse wingerd isolaat is bepaal en gebruik vir die ontwerp van spesifieke inleiers. Die kwantitatiewe in-tyd PKR toets gebaseer op SYBR groen tegnologie was sensitief genoeg om vlakke van so laag as 0.11ng/reaksie in geïnfekteerde plante op te spoor, wat dit 'n hoogs effektiewe diagnostiese hulpmiddel vir die opsporing van GFLV maak.
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Fraser, Sarah Jane. "Development of a diagnostic serological assay for ovine herpesvirus-2." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29770.

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The aim of this project was to develop a serological assay based on recombinant antigens derived from the OvHV-2 genome and validation of the ELISA test using clinical serum samples. Eight OvHV-2 genes were selected for expression in three bacterial systems. Four genes could in at least one system. Three genes were expressed in an in vitro transcription-translation system (Ov8, OV8.5 and orf65). Protein purification, using epitope-tag affinity purification and conventional chromatography, was unsuccessful. Due to the lack of recombinant antigen expression, crude antigen preparations from cultured AIHV-1 and OvHV-2 infected cells were analysed. Antigens suitable for the detection of MCF virus specific serum antibodies could not be extracted from an OvHV-2 infected cell line but AIHV-1 WC11 antigen could be used to differentiate MCF-positive and –negative sera. An ELISA based on this crude antigen was established, designated WC11-ELISA. Initial validation revealed over 93% concordance between WC11-ELISA and commercial ELISA, while a comparison with serological assays, a PCR test and final veterinary evaluations, showed good agreement between tests. The WC11-ELISA showed 57% agreement to PCR while commercial CI-ELISA showed 66% agreement for the same samples. This indicates the value of the ELISA as an economical, rapid and specific serological assay for the detection of antibodies against MCFV. Potentially antigenic components of the ELISA lysates were analysed by western blotting in comparison with other bovine herpesviruses, and fractionation by gel filtration showed clear antigenic bands in the eluent. Proteomic analysis of antigenic bands identified proteins encoding viral thymidine kinase (orf21), a virus capsid protein (orf25) and a viral antigen (orf54) which encodes a dUTPase.
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Gibbons, Cindy Louise. "Development of a strain specific diagnostic/detection assay for Cryptosporidium parvum." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325584.

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Affan, Noha Ahmed. "Molecular characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii and development of diagnostic assay for bradyzoites." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13274/.

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous parasite that infects warm-blooded animals and humans. In humans, T. gondii causes encephalitis in AIDS patients, and there is no drug that can eliminate T. gondii infection. T. gondii specifically manipulates the intermediate host’s behaviour favouring its transmission to the definitive feline host. Human T. gondii seropositivity has also been associated with mental disorders. T. gondii has two aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, TgAaaH (1 and 2), that convert phenylalanine to tyrosine, and tyrosine to L- DOPA, the latter being the rate-limiting step of dopamine biosynthesis. Based on this and elevated dopamine levels in brain tissue cysts and infected dopaminergic cells, it has been hypothesised that TgAaaH has a role in altering brain neuromodulation and potentially subsequently in the behavioural changes observed. As TgAaaH genes encode a signal peptide, the location of the enzyme was examined. TgAaaH was localised to outside the parasite both membrane- bound to parasites within the parasitophorous vacuole based on immunofluorescence, fractionation, and trypsin susceptibility of released parasites. Another possible role of TgAaaH in cyst wall generation was examined by testing for dopa-oxidase activity to convert L-DOPA to dopa- quinone. Dopa-oxidase activity was not detectable in infected fibroblasts, yet it remains possible that parasite produced L-DOPA is metabolised to dopaquinone by host cell enzymes such as within feline gut endothelial cells where oocysts are formed. This, and our finding that host cell dopa-decarboxylase is required for dopamine biosynthesis, suggest that the product of parasite-produced L-DOPA may be dependent upon the type of cell infected (ie. dopamine in catecholaminergic cells and dopaquinone in endothelial cells). The limitation of studying the bradyzoite stages of infection due to proliferation of tachyzoite stages was resolved by development of a new culture system with depleted tryptophan. This method was then applied to develop a novel throughput assay to identify bradyzoite inhibitors. The validity of this assay was evaluated using tachyzoite and bradyzoite specific inhibitors. This assay will help in finding an anti-toxoplasma drug for curing of infection.
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Ebai, Tonge. "Development of Enhanced Molecular Diagnostic Tools for Protein Detection and Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320380.

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Improved diagnosis, prognosis and disease follow-up is a fundamental procedure and a constant challenge in medicine.  Among the different molecular biomarkers, proteins are the essential regulatory component in blood; hence, by developing enhanced specific and sensitive molecular tools will gives great insight into the different processes in disease treatment.  In this thesis, we build on the proximity ligation assay to develop and apply new adaptable methods to facilitate protein detection. In paper I, I present a variant of the proximity ligation assay (we call PLARCA) using micro titer plate for detection and quantification of protein using optical density as readout in the fluorometer. PLARCA detected femtomolar levels of these proteins in patient samples, which was considerably below the detection threshold for ELISA. In paper II, we developed and adapted a new method into the in situ PLA methods for detection and identification of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using flow cytometry as readout (a method we call ExoPLA).  We identified five target proteins on the surface of the Evs and using three colors, we identified the EV using flow cytometer. In paper III, we aim to improve the efficiency of in situ PLA by creating and developing new designs and versions of the assay we called Unfold probes Through comparison of detection of protein using in situ PLA versus Unfold probes, we observed considerable decrease in non-specific signals, and also a lower detection threshold. In paper IV, we describe the development of a solid phase proximity extension (sp-PEA) assay for protein detection and quantification. We compared detection of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-6 using spPEA and PEA; spPEA demonstrations over 2 orders of magnitudes in the lower detection concentrations by decreased in background noise.
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Wai, Chi-wan, and 衛至韻. "Development of shell vial culture assay for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses using the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo2) cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193551.

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Background: Respiratory diseases are common worldwide, which are caused by various respiratory viruses. As symptoms caused by these viruses are similar, laboratory diagnosis is essential to distinguish the virus. Conventionally, respiratory viruses are isolated by cell culture with a panel of cell lines. However, handling of several cell lines is labour intensive, and the turnaround time of conventional culture is long. In previous study, the use of human colon adeno-carcinoma (Caco-2) in conventional culture was investigated. The study has proven that Caco-2 is generally susceptible to the eight common respiratory viruses, i.e. Adenovirus, Influenza A and B, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus 1, 2,3 and 4. As turnaround time of conventional culture is long; therefore, in this study, rapid shell vial culture using Caco-2 cells were evaluated. Moreover, the application of Caco-2 shell vial culture on recovering human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was also investigated. Materials and methods: This study consisted of four stages. First, recovery of viruses by conventional culture and shell vial culture of Caco-2 were compared. Specimens were added to conventional culture and shell vial simultaneously. For conventional culture, formation of CPE was examined daily and IF staining was performed when CPE was indicated; meanwhile, shell vial culture were incubated for seven days and stained with IF to detect infected cells. In stage two, the effect of incubating shell vial culture in rolling drum was investigated. Shell vials inoculated with the same specimen in duplicate were incubated in rolling drum and without rolling drum simultaneously. IF staining was performed in day 2, and results were obtained. For those which are IF negative in day 2, second shell vial was further incubated to seven days before harvest. In the next stage, a large batch of samples was used to evaluate on the use of Caco-2 shell vial culture in day 2 and day 7. Lastly, Caco-2 shell vial and conventional culture and LLC-MK2 conventional culture were tested for isolation of hMPV. Results: Compared to Caco-2 conventional culture, recovery rate of shell vial culture was elevated slightly. When experimenting on the effect of incubation in rolling drum, results showed that recovery rate was raised in shell vial with rolling drum in day 2, moreover, the percentage of positive cells were increased significantly (p value < 0.05). Furthermore, in the evaluation of Caco-2 shell vial in day 2 and day 7, 75% of samples were isolated in day 2 while 85% were recovered in day 7. Lastly, in the investigation on recovery of hMPV, 53%, 42% and 17% hMPV positive cases were isolated by Caco-2 shell vial, Caco-2 conventional culture and LLC-MK2 conventional culture respectively. Conclusion: First, although recovery rate by shell vial and conventional culture were similar, turnaround time was reduced from a week to a few days by shell vial culture. Therefore, Caco-2 shell vial culture is a more efficient than Caco-2 conventional culture in isolating respiratory viruses. The study also showed that incubation of shell vial in rolling drum able to increase the number of positive cells. Furthermore, in this study, Caco-2 cells were also shown to be more efficient in isolating hMPV when compare to LLC-MK2 cells.
published_or_final_version
Microbiology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Mareledwane, Vuyokazi Epipodia. "Heterologous expression of African horsesickness virus VP2 and the development of a potential diagnostic assay." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30991.

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Gokhale, Priyanka G. "DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF A FECAL DNA BASED MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC ASSAY FOR COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1275440415.

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Books on the topic "Diagnostic Assay Development"

1

Assay development and evaluation: A manufacturer's perspective. Washington, D.C: AACC Press, 2002.

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Beards, Graham M. The Laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of rotavirus infections: The development and application of rapid serological assays. [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

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Bikker, J. A., and Matthew M. Hayward. Lead-seeking approaches. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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White, P. Lewis, and Rosemary A. Barnes. Molecular diagnosis of fungal disease. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0043.

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Molecular techniques to aid in the diagnosis of fungal disease have been in use for over two decades. However, for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to gain widespread acceptance outside of specialist centres, methodology must be standardized and in line with general microbiological molecular diagnostics assays, yet for infections other than fungal disease. Apart from Aspergillus PCR, standardized methodology is lacking. It is also essential to identify the optimal role for an assay. Whether this is to confirm a specific disease in symptomatic patients or to exclude disease and prevent the unnecessary use of antifungals will, in part, be determined by prevalence, but will also, along with the disease manifestation, dictate specimen choice and subsequent methodological procedure. This chapter will focus on disease processes determining optimal sample types, before concentrating on the clinical validation of molecular tests for the diagnosis of the main causes of invasive fungal disease, concluding with recent developments. The clinical utility of molecular approaches and potential future benefits that can address emerging issues, such as azole resistance, will also be discussed.
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Whipple, Margaret Jo. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serologic diagnosis of bovine adenovirus type 3. 1991.

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Whipple, Margaret Jo. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serologic diagnosis of bovine adenovirus type 3. 1991.

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Chaloupka, Kim A. Development and optimization of a kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (KELA) for serologic diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. 1987.

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Gordon, Brian A., Stephanie J. B. Vos, and Anne M. Fagan. Neuroimaging and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0052.

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Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a long asymptomatic (preclinical) phase during which disease-related pathology accumulates in the absence of overt cognitive symptoms. The most prominent neuropathologies are extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. Until recently such pathology was observable only at autopsy. Now these, and other novel pathological markers, can be measured in living individuals using cerebrospinal fluid assays, blood tests, and neuroimaging techniques to track disease progression. Understanding changes in these biomarkers is critical for diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and for the development of disease-modifying therapies. This chapter reviews the current scientific understanding regarding the use of biomarkers to assess Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
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Huang, David T., and Ayan Sen. Novel biomarkers of infection in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0282.

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Over 25% of all annual deaths in the world are due to infection. Early diagnosis and risk stratification facilitate timely and specific treatment, but are complicated by the highly variable and non-specific nature of the signs and symptoms of sepsis. There is a lack of a ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of infection or sepsis, prognosis of severe infections, and sepsis. There are several biomarkers that have been investigated in literature like white blood count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, sTREM1, etc., with equivocal results. White blood count and C-reactive protein are elevated in states of inflammation without infection and sepsis. Therefore, they have low specificities for diagnosis of infection. The future is promising with development of high sensitivity assays, molecular strategies, and a ‘panel approach’, all of which need to be investigated in well-designed future studies. At present, there is insufficient evidence for the routine use of novel biomarkers in infection and sepsis.
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Maegawa, Gustavo H. B. Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0068.

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The lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of inborn organelle disorders, clinically heterogeneous, and biochemically characterized by accumulation of nondegraded macromolecules primarily in the lysosomal and other cellular compartments. Given the common and essential cellular function of the lysosomal system in different organs and systems, patients afflicted with these disorders present a broad range of clinical problems, including neurological problems, visceromegaly, and skeletal deformities. Onset of symptoms may range from fetal period to adulthood. The neurological problems include developmental delay, seizures, acroparesthesia, motor weakness, muscle wasting, behavioral/psychiatric disturbances, cerebrovascular ischemic events, and extrapyramidal signs. Patients may present with symptoms later that include psychiatric manifestations, are slowly progressive, and may precede other neurologic or systemic features. Most of LSDs are autosomal recessive; however, a few are X-linked with symptpmatic female carriers (e.g., Fabry disease). In most of them, the diagnosis is established by biochemical and/or molecular assays. In terms of management, disease-modifying therapies include enzyme replacement, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and substrate reduction therapy. Patients and their families require genetic counseling regarding reproductive risks, disease prognosis, and therapeutic options. Investigations of disease molecular mechanisms provide insights into potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. Supportive care has been the key and essential for most LSDs, resulting in substantial improvement in quality of life of patients and families.
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Book chapters on the topic "Diagnostic Assay Development"

1

Yarbough, Patrice O., Albert W. Tam, Katharine Gabor, Elizabeth Garza, Randolph A. Moeckli, Ilona Palings, Christian Simonsen, and Gregory R. Reyes. "Assay Development of Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis E." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 367–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_92.

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Oli, Monika W., Ronald L. Hayes, Gillian Robinson, and Kevin K. W. Wang. "Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers: From Pipeline to Diagnostic Assay Development." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 293–302. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-562-6_19.

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Férard, Georges, Jean Marc Lessinger, Panteleimon Arzoglou, Atanase Visvikis, and Wolfgang Junge. "Development of a Specific Assay for Pancreatic Lipase Activity for Diagnostic Purposes." In Esterases, Lipases, and Phospholipases, 179–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0993-0_21.

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Eshkenazi, I., T. Neufeld, V. Sacks, Y. Herschkovitz, and J. Rishpon. "Development and Application of Bioelectrochemical Sensors for On-Site Monitoring." In Novel Approaches in Biosensors and Rapid Diagnostic Assays, 101–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1231-8_7.

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Marco, M. P., B. Ballesteros, I. Ferrer, J. Casas, and D. Barceló. "Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Irgarol 1051." In Biosensors for Environmental Diagnostics, 52–63. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-93454-3_4.

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Haibe-Kains, Benjamin, and John Quackenbush. "Analysis of Array Data and Clinical Validation of Array-Based Assays." In Microarrays in Diagnostics and Biomarker Development, 171–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45800-6_11.

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Kung, Viola T., and Eleanor Canova-Davis. "Recent Developments in the use of Liposomes in in vitro Diagnostic Assays." In Reviews on Immunoassay Technology, 36–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11009-4_3.

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Chau, Miu, and Jon Askaa. "Tissue-Based Companion Diagnostics: Development of IHC Assays from an Industry Perspective." In Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology, 281–304. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7653_2014_26.

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Millington, David S., Ramakrishna Sista, Deeksha Bali, Allen E. Eckhardt, and Vamsee Pamula. "Development of Biomarker Assays for Clinical Diagnostics Using a Digital Microfluidics Platform." In Dried Blood Spots, 325–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118890837.ch25.

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Ludwig, George V., Cynthia A. Rossi, and Robert L. Bull. "Concepts for the Development of Immunodiagnostic Assays for Detection and Diagnosis of Biothreat Agents." In Biological Weapons Defense, 551–79. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:551.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diagnostic Assay Development"

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Bock, Chris, Evaldas Katilius, Tracy Keeney, Stephan Kraemer, Nick Saccomano, Glenn Sanders, Jonathan Vaught, and Dom Zichi. "A streamlined, aptamer-based multiplex proteomic assay for diagnostic applications." In AACR International Conference: Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Therapeutic Development– Sep 27-30, 2010; Denver, CO. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/diag-10-a7.

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Moroncini, G., M. Mozzicafreddo, M. Cuccioloni, A. Grieco, C. Paolini, C. Tonnini, S. Salvucci, E. Avvedimento, A. Funaro, and A. Gabrielli. "OP0031 Development of a novel epitope-based diagnostic assay for systemic sclerosis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.6009.

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Morais, L. M., A. P. C. Argondizzo, D. Silva, and S. Missailidis. "Aptamers against the Zika virus NS1 protein, for a serological diagnostic assay development." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2019 (ICCMSE-2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5138061.

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Boyd, Zachary S., Dustin Smith, Brian Baker, Bharathi Vennapusa, Hartmut Koeppen, Marcin Kowanetz, Sanjeev Mariathasan, et al. "Abstract B001: Development of a PD-L1 companion diagnostic IHC assay (SP142) for atezolizumab." In Abstracts: CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr15-b001.

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Geck, Peter, James Kubilus, Andrew Makarovskiy, Kathleen Marinelli, Christine Kyritsis, and Viktoria Denes. "Abstract 2714: The metastatic potential of circulating cancer spheroids: Diagnostic assay development using embryonic circulation models." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2714.

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Schneider, Claudia, Joseph Couto, Yifei Zhu, Zhiming Liao, Robert Pytela, Alton Hiscox, Sabine Wittemer-Rump, et al. "Abstract 2836: Development of a companion diagnostic IHC assay for the biomarker-driven selection of C4.4a positive patients." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2836.

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Wassman, Robert, Brianna St. Cyr, Eddie Fridman, Iris Barshack, Yajue Huang, Sofia Zilber, Mats Sanden, Hila Benjamin, Noga Yerushalmi, and Yael Spector. "Abstract 802: Development and validation of a microRNA-based diagnostic assay for the classification of renal cell tumors." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-802.

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Willekens, G., JD Studt, A. Mendez, L. Alberio, P. Fontana, WA Wuillemin, A. Schmidt, et al. "A universal anti-Xa assay for the determination of rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban drug levels: development, diagnostic accuracy, and external validation." In 65th Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728137.

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Chandrasekaran, Lakshmi Krupa, Jennifer Bordeaux, Sue Beruti, Naveen Dakappagari, Mike Nerenberg, Jelveh Lameh, Armin Graber, David Rimm, Bruce Robbins, and Nagesh Rao. "Abstract 2843: Development of a binary diagnostic immunofluorescence assay by AQUA® technology for accurate detection of HER-2 levels in breast cancer specimens." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2843.

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Ersdel, E., M. Andersson, and S. Rosen. "DETERMINATION OF SOLUBLE FIBRIN IN PLASMA WITH A CHR0M0GENIC KIT METHOD UTILIZING THE HIGH AFFINITY PLASMIN SUBSTRATE S-2390." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643058.

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A sensitive and quantitative assay of soluble fibrin is of clinically diagnostic relevance in an early thrombotic state where there is a risk for development of DIC. Recently Wiman and Ranby (Thromb. Haemostas 55, 189-193 (1986)) published a spectro-photometric assay which met these criterions. The single-stage assay procedure is based upon activation of Glu-Plasminogen to Plasmin by t-PA in the presence of soluble fibrin and hydrolysis of the chromogenic plasmin substrate S-2390, H-D-Val-Phe-Lys-pNA, which has a high affinity for plasmin. The rate of plasmin generation is correlated to the amount of soluble fibrin monomers present in the sample.A complete kit containing optimized, stable reagents has now been developed which allows a quantitative determination of soluble fibrin in the range 30-200 nmol/1 within 30 min. at room temperature (20-25°C). The assay procedure is straightforward involving addition of 200 pi diluted plasma sample to 200 pi Glu-Plasminogen and 100 ul of a t-PA/S-2390-reagent.The results show a high resolution of the standard curve as illustrated by a AA405 amounting to about one absorbance unit between a 200 nmol/1 sample of soluble fibrin and the reagent blank, some variation, ±0.1 absorbance unit, being caused mainly by differences in temperature. In combination with an intra-assay variation coefficient = 6.3% and 5.0% at 150 and 50 nmol/1, respectively, this will allow safe and reliable differentiation of pathological levels of soluble fibrin from levels found in healthy subjects (below 10 nmol/1). A similar precision is also obtained when the assay is performed in microplates.In the original procedure fresh frozen human plasma was utilized as a dilution medium for soluble fibrin. Comparisons with carefully collected bovine plasma proved this source to be a convenient substitute. Furthermore, lyophilization of the bovine plasma did not produce any significant degradation of fibrinogen which otherwise might interfere in the assay. This simple kit procedure should make it a suitable tool in early determinations of soluble fibrin in a number of pathological states which may result in severe haemostatic disturbances.
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