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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diagnostic imaging. Algorithms'
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Basoglu, Chris. "A generalized programmable system and efficient algorithms for ultrasound backend processing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5978.
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Dhillon, Ravinder. "Diagnostic imaging pathways." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0126.
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[Truncated abstract] Hypothesis: There is deficiency in the evidence base and scientific underpinning of existing diagnostic imaging pathways (DIP) for diagnostic endpoints. Objective: a) To carry out systematic review of literature in relation to use of diagnostic imaging tests for diagnosis and investigation of 78 common clinical problems, b) To identify deficiencies and controversies in existing diagnostic imaging pathways, and to develop a new set of consensus based pathways for diagnostic imaging (DIP) supported by evidence as an education and decision support tool for hospital based doctors and general practitioners, c) To carry out a trial dissemination, implementation and evaluation of DIP. Methods: 78 common clinical presentations were chosen for development of DIP. For general practitioners, clinical topics were selected based on the following criteria: common clinical problem, complex in regards to options available for imaging, subject to inappropriate imaging resulting in unnecessary expenditure and /or radiation exposure, and new options for imaging of which general practitioners may not be aware. For hospital based junior doctors and medical students, additional criteria included: acute presentation when immediate access to expert radiological opinion may be lacking and clinical problem for which there is a need for education. Systematic review of the literature in relation to each of the 78 topics was carried out using Ovid, Pubmed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ... The electronic environment and the method of delivery provided a satisfactory medium for dissemination. Getting DIP implemented required vigorous effort. Knowledge of diagnostic imaging and requesting behaviour tended to become more aligned with DIP following a period of intensive marketing. Conclusions: Systematic review of literature and input and feedback from various clinicians and radiologists led to the development of 78 consensus based Diagnostic Imaging Pathways supported by evidence. These pathways are a valuable decision support tool and are a definite step towards incorporating evidence based medicine in patient management. The clinical and academic content of DIP is of practical use to a wide range of clinicians in hospital and general practice settings. It is source of high level knowledge; a reference tool for the latest available and most effective imaging test for a particular clinical problem. In addition, it is an educational tool for medical students, junior doctors, medical imaging technologists, and allied health care personnel.
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York, George W. P. "Architecture and algorithms for a fully programmable ultrasound system /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5931.
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Su, Qi. "Segmentation and reconstruction of medical images." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41897067.
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Wong, Wilbur Chun-Kit. "Segmentation algorithms for quantitative analysis of vascular abnormalities on three dimensional angiography /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202006%20WONG.
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Leung, Chung-Chu, and 梁中柱. "Use of generalized fuzzy operator in digital subtraction radiography." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245614.
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Ran, Peipei. "Imaging and diagnostic of sub-wavelength micro-structures, from closed-form algorithms to deep learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG061.
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Le test électromagnétique d’un ensemble fini en forme de grille de tiges diélectriques cylindriques circulaires infiniment longues dont certaines manquent est investigué à partir de données fréquence simple et multiple et en régime temporel. Les distances sous-longueur d’onde entre tiges adjacentes et des diamètres de tige de sous-longueur d’onde sont considérées sur toute la bande de fréquences d’opération et cela conduit à un défi majeur en raison du besoin de super-résolution dans la microstructure, bien au-delà du critère de Rayleigh. Tout un ensemble de méthodes de résolution est étudié et des simulations numériques systématiques illustrent avantages et inconvénients, complétées par le traitement de données expérimentales en laboratoire acquises sur un prototype de micro-structure en chambre anéchoïque micro-onde. Ces méthodes, qui diffèrent selon les informations a priori prises en compte et la polyvalence qui en résulte, comprennent retournement temporel, inversions de source de contraste, binaires ou parcimonieuses, ainsi que réseaux de neurones convolutifs éventuellement combinés avec des réseaux récurrentsElectromagnetic probing of a gridlike, finite set of infinitely long circular cylindrical dielectric rods affected by missing ones is investigated from time-harmonic single and multiple frequency data. Sub-wavelength distances between adjacent rods and sub-wavelength rod diameters are assumed throughout the frequency band of operation and this leads to a severe challenge due to need of super-resolution within the present micro-structure, well beyond the Rayleigh criterion. A wealth of solution methods is investigated and comprehensive numerical simulations illustrate pros and cons, completed by processing laboratory-controlled experimental data acquired on a micro-structure prototype in a microwave anechoic chamber. These methods, which differ per a priori information accounted for and consequent versatility, include time-reversal, binary-specialized contrast-source and sparsity-constrained inversions, and convolutional neural networks possibly combined with recurrent ones
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Su, Qi, and 蘇琦. "Segmentation and reconstruction of medical images." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41897067.
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Barrera, Cruz Marco Antonio. "Hybrid method algebraic/inverse radon transform for region of interest reconstruction of computed tomography images /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Ullman, Gustaf. "Quantifying image quality in diagnostic radiology using simulation of the imaging system and model observers." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/med1050s.pdf.
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Valente, Solivan Arantes. "Reconstrução de imagens de ultrassom usando esparsidade: métodos iterativos rápidos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2583.
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Este trabalho contribui para a busca de métodos rápidos para reconstrução esparsa em ultrassonografia. O objetivo é alcançado em três etapas: a validação de um modelo discreto de aquisição, uma avaliação comparativa de algoritmos adequados ao problema e uma proposição de aceleração para um dos métodos de melhor desempenho. A estratégia de validação do modelo consiste em reconstruções a partir de dados sintéticos de resultado conhecido e subsequente validação com dados reais, coletados por uma plataforma de pesquisa em ultrassom com um phantom de uso profissional. As reconstruções são realizadas por um conjunto selecionado de algoritmos iterativos de otimização convexa, que têm seus parâmetros, resultados e desempenhos analisados. O trabalho propõe a aceleração do método ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers) que está entre os de melhor desempenho em termos de custo computacional, e que pode dobrar sua velocidade inicial de convergência com a modificação proposta. Como a aceleração também pode ser utilizada em outras aplicações do ADMM, a modificação proposta é validada em quatro casos de estudo, sendo dois em ultrassonografia e dois em imageamento por ressonância magnética.This study contributes to the search for fast iterative methods for ultrasonic sparse image reconstruction. The goal is achieved in three steps: the validation of a discrete acquisition model, a comparative evaluation of algorithms suitable to the problem and an acceleration proposal for one of the best performing methods. The model validation strategy consists of image reconstructions from synthetic data with previously known results, and subsequent validation with real data, collected by an ultrasound research platform with a professional phantom. The reconstructions are performed by a selected set of iterative algorithms of convex optimization, which have their parameters, results and performances analyzed. This study proposes the acceleration of the ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), which is among the best performing methods in terms of computational cost, and which can have its initial convergence speed doubled by the proposed modification. Since the acceleration can also be used in other applications of ADMM, the proposed modification is validated in four cases of study: two in ultrasonography and two in magnetic resonance imaging.
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Yauri, Vidalón José Elías. "Ferramentas interativas de auxílio a diagnóstico por neuro-imagens 3D." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260025.
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Orientador: Wu Shin-TingDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Por apresentar alta resolução espacial e espectral, é crescente o uso de imagens de ressonância magnética tanto no estudo dos órgãos humanos como também no diagnóstico das anormalidades estruturais e funcionais e no planejamento e treinamento cirúrgico. Junto com a rápida evolução dos algoritmos de processamento de imagens médicas, surgiram na última década aplicativos de diagnósticos assistidos por computador especializados em mamografia, angiografia e imagens da região torácica. A complexidade estrutural do cérebro e as diferenças anatômicas individuais do crânio constituem, no entanto, ainda desafios ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de diagnóstico especializado em neuro-imagens. A intervenção de especialistas é muitas vezes imprescindível na identificação e na interpretação dos achados radiológicos. Nesta dissertação, propomos o uso de três técnicas para auxiliar os especialistas da área médica na busca por achados radiológicos sutis de forma interativa. São apresentados dois objetos de interação, lente móvel e sonda volumétrica, que permitem atualizar continuamente os dados em foco enquanto são manipulados. Com isso, é possível investigar regiões cerebrais de interesse preservando o seu contexto. E, a fim de facilitar a percepção visual das variações funcionais ou estruturais sutis, propomos utilizar um editor de funções de transferência 1D para realçar ou aumentar o contraste entre os voxels adjacentes. As ferramentas foram avaliadas por um grupo de especialistas em neuro-imagens do Laboratório de Neuro-imagens da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Unicamp
Abstract: Because of its high spatial and spectral resolution, it is increasing the use of magnetic resonance images both in the study of human organs as well as in the diagnosis of structural and functional abnormalities and in the surgery planning and training. Along with the rapid evolution of medical image processing algorithms, computer-aided diagnostics systems specialized in mammography, angiography, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax have emerged in the last decade. The structural complexity of the brain and individual anatomical shape of skulls are, however, challenges in developing a diagnostic system specializing in neuro-imaging. Expert interventions are still essential both in the identification and in the interpretation of radiological findings. In this dissertation, we propose the use of three techniques to aid the medical experts in the search of subtle findings in an interactive way. We present two widgets, movable lens and volumetric probe, that allow one to update continuously the volume data in focus while are manipulated. In this way, it is possible to investigate brain regions of interest preserving its context. And, in order to facilitate the visual perception of the subtle functional or structural changes, we propose to use an editor of 1D transfer function to enhance or to increase the contrast between adjacent voxels. The tools were assessed by the neuro-imaging experts of the Laboratory of Neuro-Images of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Unicamp
Mestrado
Engenharia de Computação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Ghosh, Payel. "Medical Image Segmentation Using a Genetic Algorithm." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/25.
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Advances in medical imaging technology have led to the acquisition of large number of images in different modalities. On some of these images the boundaries of key organs need to be accurately identified for treatment planning and diagnosis. This is typically performed manually by a physician who uses prior knowledge of organ shapes and locations to demarcate the boundaries of organs. Such manual segmentation is subjective, time consuming and prone to inconsistency. Automating this task has been found to be very challenging due to poor tissue contrast and ill-defined organ/tissue boundaries. This dissertation presents a genetic algorithm for combining representations of learned information such as known shapes, regional properties and relative location of objects into a single framework in order to perform automated segmentation. The algorithm has been tested on two different datasets: for segmenting hands on thermographic images and for prostate segmentation on pelvic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. In this dissertation we report the results of segmentation in two dimensions (2D) for thermographic images; and two as well as three dimensions (3D) for pelvic images. We show that combining multiple features for segmentation improves segmentation accuracy as compared with segmentation using single features such as texture or shape alone.
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Ricchetti, Pier Marco. "Aplicação de técnicas matemáticas avançadas para auxílio a diagnóstico em imagens na detecção de fraturas em stents." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/98/98131/tde-21052012-080942/.
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O implante de stents em região vascular periférica tem sido apontado como uma solução para o tratamento endovascular, e tem sido largamente utilizado. No entanto, há estudos que apontam com certa frequência a ocorrência de problemas ligados a fraturas de stents, as quais devem ser diagnosticadas e convenientemente tratadas. Na região femoropoplítea, por exemplo, foi detectada a ocorrência de 32% de fraturas em um conjunto de 121 tratamentos, conforme aponta pesquisa realizada. O diagnóstico de tais fraturas é normalmente feito a partir de análise visual de imagens, as quais muitas vezes apresentam ruídos e deformidades decorrentes do método empregado para a sua captura, dificultando a correta visualização de sua estrutura e deformidades. A escassez de recursos e estudos que permitam a automatização deste processo motivaram a realização deste trabalho, em que são desenvolvidas técnicas que melhoram a visualização dos elementos de imagem de forma a facilitar o diagnóstico de observação e, quando possível, apontar regiões de possíveis fraturas. Para isto, a utilização de elementos computacionais clássicos e o desenvolvimento de técnicas adicionais inéditas contribuem para a análise de imagens, fornecendo um possível direcionamento como forma de auxílio ao diagnóstico médico. Os métodos desenvolvidos são aplicados a amostras de imagens, e os resultados obtidos são comparados àqueles do diagnóstico médico. Como resultado obteve-se, além da melhoria de visualização das imagens, um índice de concordância Kappa de 0,878 para a detecção de fraturas, o que confirma o método como satisfatório e de concordância bastante relevante.The insert of stents in peripheral vascular region has been considered as a solution for endovascular treatment, and has been widely used. However, there are studies that show, with a certain frequency, the occurrence of problems related to stent fractures, which should be diagnosed and properly treated. In the femoropopliteal region, for example, it was detected 32% of fractures in a set of 121 treatments, as shown by survey. The diagnosis of such fractures is usually made from visual analysis of images, which often shows noise and deformation resulting from the method employed for capture, making difficulty to the correct visualization of its structure and deformities. The lack of resources and studies that allows to automate this process, motivated this work, in which techniques are developed that improve the display of the image elements in order to facilitate the diagnosis by observation and, when possible, pointing out areas of possible fractures. For this, the use of classical elements and the development of additional computational techniques contribute to innovate image analysis, providing a possible direction as a way to aid medical diagnosis. The developed methods are applied to images samples and the results are compared to those of medical diagnosis. As a result obtained, as well as the improved display of images, a Kappa concordance index of 0.878 for the detection of fractures confirms the method as satisfactory and a quite relevant agreement.
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Dam, Quoc Phoi [Verfasser]. "Diagnostic classification and relapse prediction in alcohol dependence using fMRI : from classification algorithm to imaging approach / Quoc Phoi Dam." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054162328/34.
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Samala, Ravi K. "Efficient suspicious region segmentation algorithm for computer aided diagnosis of breast cancer based on tomosynthesis imaging." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001800.
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Ragnehed, Mattias. "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis : Exploring and Improving the Examination Chain." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18095.
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Loos, Wallace Souza 1989. "Reformatação curvilínea baseada em simplificação e costura de malhas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260024.
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Orientador: Wu Shin-TingDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: A reformatação curvilínea é uma técnica computacional de exploração, portanto, não invasiva, que permite realizar cortes curvilíneos sobre as neuroimagens. Ela complementa as reformatações multiplanares na localização de displasia cortical focal, causa comumente associada a epilepsia refratária. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo de reformatação curvilínea baseado em malhas de offset pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa. Dois problemas foram identificados no algoritmo: artefatos visuais e limitação da região a ser reformatada em áreas visíveis. Neste trabalho apresentamos soluções para contornar estes problemas. Mostramos que a causa dos artefatos são as auto-interseções locais e que um algoritmo de simplificação pode removê-las de forma eficiente sem comprometer a geometria de reformatação. Desenvolvemos um algoritmo de costura para juntar malhas obtidas em diferentes ângulos de vista numa única malha de corte. Desta forma, é possível realizar a reformatação simultânea nos dois hemisférios cerebrais propiciando um diagnóstico baseado em análise comparativa dos dois lados. Na implementação dos nossos algoritmos procuramos explorar as vantagens de uma estrutura de dados eficiente e do paralelismo das unidades de processamento gráfico (GPUs) para termos resultados em tempo interativo. Experimentos preliminares com as neuroimagens dos pacientes com crises epilépticas apontam que a ferramenta pode colaborar na identificação de lesões sutis
Abstract: Curvilinear Reformatting is a computational exploration technique, therefore noninvasive, that allows making curvilinear slices on 3D neuroimaging data. It complements multiplanar reformatting to find lesions of focal cortical dysplasia, a common cause of refractory epilepsy. Our research group has developed an algorithm for curvilinear reformatting based on offset meshes. Two problems were identified: visual artifacts and limitations of the visible area to be reformatted. In this work we presented two solutions to solve these problems. We show that the cause of the artifacts are the local self-intersections and that an simplification algorithm can remove them efficiently without compromising the geometry of reformatting. We developed an sewing algorithm to join meshes from different angles of view on a single mesh. In this way, it is possible to make the curvilinear reformatting in both hemispheres of the brain, providing a diagnosis based on comparative analysis of the two sides. In the implementation of our algorithms we tried to explore the advantages of efficient data structure and parallelism of graphic processor units (GPU) to achieve results at interactive rates. Preliminary results with neuroimages from patients with epileptic seizures indicate that the tool may collaborate in the finding of subtle lesions
Mestrado
Engenharia de Computação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Al-Soudani, Maha. "Diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures in civil engineering by GPR technology : development of alternate methods for precise geometric recognition." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30090.
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La méconnaissance de la géométrie réelle d'une structure mène à une évaluation incorrecte de son état. Par conséquent, une estimation imprécise de sa capacité portante, sa durabilité, sa stabilité et la nécessité de mettre en place une réparation ou un renforcement. En outre, l'optimisation du temps requis pour le processus de réparation a besoin de bien connaître les différentes parties de la structure à évaluer et également pour éviter les zones critiques telles que les aciers, les câbles, etc., lors de la réparation. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des techniques d'évaluation non destructive (END) afin de connaître la géométrie réelle de la structure, notamment l'emplacement des armatures dans les structures en béton armé. Le GPR est considéré comme une technique non-destructive idéale pour détecter et localiser les renforts. Cependant, sa précision de localisation est limitée. Le but de ce projet de recherche a donc été d'accroître la précision du GPR en matière de reconnaissance géométrique interne de structures en béton armé. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de localiser précisément le positionnement des armatures dans le plan ausculté ainsi qu'en profondeur. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une nouvelle méthodologie de mesures et du traitement des signaux GPR a été proposée dans cette étude. Plusieurs configurations d'acquisition de données en utilisant des signaux simulés sont testées pour proposer et développer un algorithme d'imagerie du milieu de propagation afin de définir sa géométrie interne et de localiser précisément les barres de renforcement. Des traitements supplémentaires sont appliqués pour améliorer la précision de la détection et pour identifier les différentes interfaces dans le milieu testé. L'algorithme et le traitement sont appliqués aux signaux simulés. Des validations expérimentales ont ensuite été appliquées aux signaux réels acquis sur différentes dalles en béton armé. L'objectif est de tester la capacité de l'algorithme d'imagerie proposé pour localiser différents objets enfouis. Les résultats encourageants montrent que cet algorithme est capable d'estimer la position de différents objets enfouis et pas uniquement les armatures avec une erreur d'estimation de (0-1) mm. Les performances de l'algorithme ont été comparées à celles d'une méthode de migration et aux résultats de mesure obtenus avec un pachomètre. Ces comparaisons ont systématiquement révélé une meilleure précision de la localisation avec l'algorithme développé.Une autre étude a été proposée dans ce travail en testant l'algorithme avec des signaux réels modifiés. Ces signaux sont produits en réduisant le gain le moins possible. La conclusion la plus évidente de cette étude est que l'algorithme proposé est capable de localiser les différents objets même si les signaux réfléchis par eux sont de faible amplitudeLack of acquaintance in the real geometry of a structure leads to incorrect evaluation of its state. Consequently, this will lead to inaccurate estimation of bearing capacity, durability, stability and moreover, the need for repair or strengthening. Furthermore, optimization of the required time for repair process needs to well recognize the parts of structure to be assessed and also to avoid the critical zones such as reinforcing bars, cables, etc., during repairing. Therefore; it becomes necessary to use a non-destructive testing (NDT) method in order to know the real geometry of structure in particular, the location of reinforcements in reinforced concrete structures. GPR is considered as an ideal non-invasive technique in detecting and locating these reinforcements. However, its accuracy in localization is limited. The aim of this research project has therefore been to increase the accuracy of GPR in recognizing the internal geometry of reinforced concrete structures. The main objective of this study is to locate accurately the position of reinforcements into three dimensions. To achieve this purpose, a new methodology for GPR measurement and processing is proposed in this study.Several configurations of data acquisition using simulated signals are tested to propose and develop an appropriate imaging algorithm for the propagation medium to imagine its internal geometry and to locate accurately the reinforcing bars. Further processing are applied to improve the accuracy of detection and to identify the different interfaces in the tested medium. Both algorithm and processing are applied on simulated signals. Subsequent experimental validations have been applied using real signals acquired from different real reinforced concrete slabs. The goal is to test the ability of proposed imaging algorithm for the localization of different targets. The encouraging results indicate that this algorithm is able to estimate the position of different buried targets and not only the reinforcing bars with an estimation error of (0-1)mm.The performance of proposed algorithm has compared to those of migration method and to the results obtained from pachometer. These comparisons have systematically revealed a better localization accuracy using the developed algorithm.Another study has been proposed in this work by testing the algorithm using modified real signals. These signals are produced by reducing the gain as less as possible. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the proposed algorithm is able to localize the different goals even if the signals reflected by them are of low amplitude
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Simioni, Maicon Cezar. "Monitoramento da frequência cardíaca via método de magnificação de vídeo e Euleriana em tempo real." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1373.
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O monitoramento de sinais vitais em pacientes tem o intuito de obter rapidamente dados relevantes para decisões médicas. No entanto, tal mensuração é pouco eficiente, difícil, quando não impossível, em determinados casos, como por exemplo em pacientes vítimas de queimaduras, em função da impossibilidade de colocar o eletrodo diretamente na pele, ou em recém-nascidos, devido à fragilidade da pele. Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento de um sistema para aquisição contínua de sinais fotopletismográficos para a telemetria da frequência cardíaca em tempo real, em uma plataforma de baixo custo, utilizando a biblioteca OpenCV e o método desenvolvido pelo MIT chamado de Magnificação de Vídeo Euleriana, que revela variações que são imperceptíveis a olho nu. Para desenvolver o sistema foi utilizada a plataforma de hardware Raspberry Pi Versão B com processador ARM11 de 700MHz e 512MB de memória RAM. Os dados da frequência cardíaca coletados dos experimentos foram comparados com os dados coletados por um oxímetro de dedo More Fitness modelo MF-425. Esse foi escolhido por utilizar o mesmo princípio "Fotopletismografia"para efetuar a medição. Após a coleta de dados foi estimado o intervalo de confiança para aferir a precisão do sistema, que correspondeu a 96,5% em relação ao oxímetro utilizado. Ficou evidente que o meio utilizado para medir a frequência cardíaca via método de magnificação de vídeo Euleriana em tempo real é uma tecnologia de baixo custo (aproximadamente R$300,00) quando comparado aos monitores multiparamétricos utilizados para o monitoramento de pacientes críticos, cujo custo varia entre R$ 8.000,00 e R$ 34.000,00. Sendo assim, também contribui com a redução de custos no tratamento ao doente que necessita de monitorização constante, possibilitando que, com a economia gerada pela aquisição e implantação desta tecnologia, viabilize um maior investimento em outras áreas dos hospitais.Monitoring vital signs in patients is used to obtain relevant data for medical decisions in a fast way. However, this measurement is both inefficient and difficult, if not impossible in certain cases, such as in burnt victims, due to the impossibility of placing the electrodes directly on the skin or in infants, because of the fragility of skin. This study aims to develop of a system for continuous acquisition of photopletismografics (PPG) signals for the telemetry of heart rate in real time in a low cost platform using the OpenCV library and the method developed by MIT called the Eulerian Video Magnification, amplifying variations that are imperceptible to the naked eye. To develop the system were used the hardware platform Raspberry Pi version B with ARM11 700MHz processor and 512MB RAM. The heart rate data collected from the experi- ments were compared with data collected by a finger oximeter model More Fitness MF-425 it was chosen, by using the same working principle "PPG"to effect the measurement. After data collection was estimated the confidence interval to measure system accuracy, which corresponded to 96,5% compared to the oximeter used. It became clear that the developed system used to measure heart rate via magnification method of Eulerian live video is a low-cost technology (approximately R$ 300.00) compared to the multiparameter monitors used for monitoring critically patients, ranging in cost from R$ 8,000.00 to R$ 34,000.00. So also, it contributes to cost reduction in the treatment to the patient in need of constant monitoring, enabling with the savings generated by the acquisition and deployment of this technology makes possible greater investment in other areas of hospitals.
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Coelho, Talita Salles. "Implementação de algoritmos computacionais para interpretação de imagens dermatoscópicas para diagnóstico de tumores de pele." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85133/tde-28012019-084648/.
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O câncer de pele é a neoplasia maligna mais incidente, no Brasil correspondendo a aproximadamente 29% de todos os tumores diagnosticados. O melanoma maligno é sua apresentação menos frequente, com cerca de 1% de todos os diagnósticos, porém com maior índice de mortalidade, comparado com outros tumores não melanomas. O fato de o melanoma ser considerado um tipo de câncer muito agressivo e não ser radiossensível, um diagnóstico precoce garante um alto índice de sobrevida ao paciente. O método mais utilizado para a análise de melanomas é a regra do ABCD, que consiste em extrair características de: assimetria, borda, coloração e diâmetro das lesões, a fim de diferenciá-las das demais lesões de pele. A dermatoscopia é uma técnica não invasiva, que permite fazer o reconhecimento das estruturas superficiais da pele com uma ampliação de até 400x, o que facilita a análise das lesões. A contribuição deste presente trabalho consiste na análise de lesões associada à técnica de processamento de imagem digital, com o objetivo de fornecer uma ferramenta de auxílio ao médico, dando um amparo no momento de se fornecer um diagnóstico ao paciente. O software desenvolvido neste trabalho utiliza imagens dermatoscópicas de lesões de pele associado à regra do ABCD, fornecendo por meio da análise destas características, um diagnóstico, se a lesão é melanoma ou não melanoma.Skin cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in Brazil representing approximately 29% of all diagnosed tumors. Malignant melanoma is the least common presentation, with about 1% of all diagnoses, but with higher mortality rate compared to other non-melanoma tumors. Early diagnosis ensures a high patient survival rate. The most used method for the analysis of these lesions is the ABCD rule, where features such as asymmetry, border, color and diameter of lesions are extracted. Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows the recognition of skin structure with a magnification of up 400x. A good diagnosis is associated with the degree of subjectivity of the operator doctor. The contribution of this present work consists in the analysis of lesions associated with digital image processing technique, with the goal of provide a support tool to doctor, giving one support in time to give a diagnosis to the patient. The software developed here with dermatoscopic images of skin lesions associated with ABCD rule, giving a diagnosis, by the analysis of the lesion characteristics, indicating if the lesion is melanoma or no melanoma.
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Karnoukian, Marc. "Imagerie spectro-polarimétrique : système, algorithmes et biopsie optique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD001/document.
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Le cancer est une pathologie que l’on se doit de détecter le plus tôt possible si l’on veut accroître les chances de guérison. Ces travaux étudient l’apport de la signature polarimétrique à la caractérisation et l’identification des tissus cancéreux. Il s’agit d’extraire des images multidimensionnelles de polarisation des informations physiques qui caractérisent les constituants de l’objet bien au-delà de l’information visuelle des images d’intensité. Durant cette thèse, un imageur de Mueller, POLARIS, a pu être mis en place ainsi que les outils de traitement et de calibration adaptés. Une méthode de segmentation d’images de Mueller en condition d’éclairement non homogène a été proposée. Une première base d’images multi-spectrales polarimétriques de tissus sains et pathogènes chez la souris a été constituée. Une approche originale a enfin été proposée en se basant sur les forêts aléatoires pour extraire parmi un ensemble de paramètres physiques un jeu de paramètres permettant de différencier les zones saines des zones pathogènes aux différentes longueurs d’ondes de travail. Une comparaison est proposée avec la littérature et permet de valider l’approcheCancer is a pathology that must be detected as soon as possible in order to increase the chances of recovery. These studies investigate the contribution of polarimetric signature to the characterization and identification of cancerous tissues. It is a matter of extracting multidimensional polarization images of the physical information which characterize the constituents of the object well beyond the visual information of the intensity images. During this thesis, a Mueller imager, POLARIS, was set up, as well as the appropriate processing and calibration tools. A method of Mueller images segmentation in non-homogeneous illumination has been proposed. A first database of polarimetric multi-spectral images of healthy and pathogenic tissues in mice was constructed. An original approach was finally proposed based on random forests to extract from a set of physical parameters a set of parameters allowing to differentiate the healthy zones from the pathogenic zones at different working wavelengths. A comparison is proposed with the literature and validates the approach
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VIANA, RODRIGO S. S. "Espectrometria e reconstrução de imagens tomográficas de emissão estimulada por nêutrons via algoritmo EM e Método de Monte Carlo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23305.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
FAPESP:10/04206-4
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Alves, Allan Felipe Fattori. "Image processing for enhancement of ischemic stroke in computed tomography examinations." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181997.
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Orientador: Diana Rodrigues PinaResumo: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das maiores causas de morte em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o AVC é a principal, sendo que em 2009, foi responsável por 10,2% das mortes registradas. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) e a ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) são as duas principais técnicas de imagem usadas para detectar o AVC. A TC tem um custo menor e maior acessibilidade da população, por isso ainda é o principal método de avaliação do acidente vascular cerebral. A avaliação do cérebro comprometido é realizada de forma subjetiva e pode levar à dificuldades no diagnóstico. Esta pesquisa propõe a implementação de um algoritmo computacional, destacando regiões de AVC isquêmico. Diferentes métodos de processamento de imagem foram utilizados para melhorar a visualização do tecido isquêmico. Um conjunto de 41 tomografias retrospectivas obtidas na Faculdade Medicina de Botucatu foram utilizadas, divididas em 25 casos de AVC isquêmico e 16 pacientes controle. Os casos de AVC foram obtidos dentro de 4,5 horas após os primeiros sintomas. Após a seleção dos slices com a possível presença de AVC, tais slices foram somados resultando em um único slice com valores médios de forma a reduzir o ruído. Isto foi seguido por um modelo de decomposição variacional onde se mantiveram componentes de interesse da imagem. O método de maximização de expectativas foi aplicado para gerar imagens melhoradas. Determinamos um teste de desempenho de observadores em um ambiente clínico. A sensibilidade ge... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Stroke is one of the highest causes of death worldwide. In Brazil, stroke is the leading cause of death, and in 2009, it was responsible for 10.2% of deaths recorded. Non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the two main imaging techniques used to detect stroke. CT has a lower cost and greater accessibility of the population, so it is still the main method used. In most cases, the assessment of the compromised brain area is performed subjectively and may lead to difficulties in diagnosis. This research work proposes an approach based on a computational algorithm, highlighting regions of ischemic stroke. Different image processing methods were used to enhance ischemic tissues. A set of 41 retrospective CT scans from Botucatu Medical School (Brazil) was used, divided into 25 cases of acute ischemic stroke and 16 normal patients. Stroke cases were obtained within 4.5 h of symptom onset. After selection of CT slices, image averaging was performed to reduce the noise. This was followed by a variational decomposition model and the expectation maximization method was applied to generate enhanced images. We determined a test to evaluate the performance of observers in a clinical environment with and without the aid of enhanced images. The overall sensitivity of the observer’s analysis was 64.5 % and increased to 89.6 % and specificity was 83.3 % and increased to 91.7 %. These results show the importance of a computational tool to assist n... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Hammadi, Shumoos T. H. "Novel medical imaging technologies for processing epithelium and endothelium layers in corneal confocal images. Developing automated segmentation and quantification algorithms for processing sub-basal epithelium nerves and endothelial cells for early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy in corneal confocal microscope images." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16924.
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Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common types of diabetes that can affect the cornea. An accurate analysis of the corneal epithelium nerve structures and the corneal endothelial cell can assist early diagnosis of this disease and other corneal diseases, which can lead to visual impairment and then to blindness. In this thesis, fully-automated segmentation and quantification algorithms for processing and analysing sub-basal epithelium nerves and endothelial cells are proposed for early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy in Corneal Confocal Microscopy (CCM) images. Firstly, a fully automatic nerve segmentation system for corneal confocal microscope images is proposed. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated against manually traced images with an execution time of the prototype is 13 seconds. Secondly, an automatic corneal nerve registration system is proposed. The main aim of this system is to produce a new informative corneal image that contains structural and functional information. Thirdly, an automated real-time system, termed the Corneal Endothelium Analysis System (CEAS) is developed and applied for the segmentation of endothelial cells in images of human cornea obtained by In Vivo CCM. The performance of the proposed CEAS system was tested against manually traced images with an execution time of only 6 seconds per image. Finally, the results obtained from all the proposed approaches have been evaluated and validated by an expert advisory board from two institutes, they are the Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar and the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, UK.
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ROTH, MURIEL. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie d'activation cérébrale chez l'homme par résonance magnétique nucléaire : quantification de flux, imagerie de l'effet BOLD et correction des mouvements de la tête." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10016.
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Ce travail est centre sur les developpements methodologiques en imagerie par resonance magnetique des fonctions du cerveau. Une nouvelle methode d'irm fonctionnelle quantitative basee sur la mesure du debit sanguin est tout d'abord decrite. Des images angiographiques ont permis de mesurer le debit dans une veine drainant le cortex moteur. Des variations significatives du debit sanguin entre des periodes de repos, de simulation mentale et d'execution d'un acte moteur ont ete mises en evidence. Ces informations fonctionnelles ne permettent pas de localiser precisement les regions corticales activees. Cette localisation a ete effectuee en appliquant un traitement approprie sur des images sensibles aux variations du taux d'oxygenation sanguine. Des cartes d'activation cerebrale de bonne resolution spatiale ( 3 mm) sont ainsi obtenues. Nous avons alors demontre que l'aire motrice primaire est activee lors de la simulation mentale d'un acte moteur. Les mouvements de la tete survenant pendant un examen fonctionnel induisent des erreurs sur les cartes d'activation. Un nouvel algorithme de correction des deplacements dans le plan des images est presente. Cet algorithme utilise les proprietes de la transformation de fourier concernant les rotations et les translations afin de determiner rapidement les parametres du deplacement. Des tests sur des images simulees ont permis de montrer la fiabilite et la precision de l'algorithme.
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Ganapathy, Priya. "Development and Evaluation of a Flexible Framework for the Design of Autonomous Classifier Systems." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1261335392.
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Champ-Rigot, Laure. "Nouvelles perspectives diagnostiques et thérapeutiques dans la prise en charge rythmologique des patients en situation d'insuffisance cardiaque Rationale and Design for a Monocentric Prospective Study: Sleep Apnea Diagnosis Using a Novel Pacemaker Algorithm and Link With Aldosterone Plasma Level in Patients Presenting With Diastolic Dysfunction (SAPAAD Study) Usefulness of sleep apnea monitoring by pacemaker sensor in elderly patients with diastolic dysfunction : the SAPAAD Study Clinical outcomes after primary prevention defibrillator implantation are better predicted when the left ventricular ejection fraction is assessed by magnetic resonance imaging Predictors of clinical outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients ≥75 years of age: a retrospective cohort study Comparison between novel and standard high-density 3D electro-anatomical mapping systems for ablation of atrial tachycardia Safety and acute results of ultra-high density mapping to guide catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias in heart failure patients Long-term clinical outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias guided by ultra-high density mapping system in heart failure patients." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC430.
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L’insuffisance cardiaque est un problème de santé publique dans les pays développés, touchant 1 à 2% de la population générale, mais dont la prévalence atteint 10% après 70 ans. Les progrès thérapeutiques ont permis d’améliorer le pronostic des patients, notamment ceux ayant une altération de la fonction systolique ventriculaire gauche. Les troubles du rythme sont fréquents et nécessitent une pris en charge particulière au cours des situations d’insuffisance cardiaque. Cependant, il reste des questions non résolues : comment améliorer l’efficacité du traitement de l’insuffisance cardiaque à fonction systolique préservée, comment mieux sélectionner les patients pouvant bénéficier de la prévention primaire de la mort subite par un défibrillateur implantable, les patients âgés peuvent-ils bénéficier de la même prise en charge que les patients plus jeunes, et pour finir comment améliorer les résultats de l’ablation de fibrillation auriculaire dans les situations d’insuffisance cardiaque. Nous avons mis en place une étude prospective chez des patients présentant une dysfonction diastolique pour évaluer l’intérêt de l’algorithme de surveillance de l’apnée du sommeil disponible dans des stimulateurs cardiaques. En parallèle, nous avons analysé l’impact de l’évaluation par résonance magnétique des patients candidats à un défibrillateur sur la prédiction des évènements rythmiques, mais aussi le devenir des patients de plus de 75 ans appareillés avec un système de resynchronisation cardiaque. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux résultats d’un nouveau système de cartographie électroanatomique ultra-haute densité pour guider les procédures d’ablation de troubles du rythme supraventriculaires complexes chez des patients insuffisants cardiaques comparés à des patients contrôlesHeart failure is a major public health issue in developed countries, with a prevalence of 1-2% of global population, rising to 10% after 70 years of age. Therapeutic progresses have succeeded in improving patients’ prognosis, particularly in case of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Rhythm abnormalities are frequent, and need special consideration in case of heart failure. Meanwhile, there are still some gaps in the evidence: heart failure with preserved systolic function is complex and difficult to treat, primary prevention of sudden cardiac death is effective but there is a need to better select candidates, whether elderly patients should be treated as younger individuals, and finally how to improve outcomes of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Firstly, we have conducted a prospective study to evaluate the Sleep Apnea Monitoring algorithm provided in a novel pacemaker in patients with diastolic dysfunction. Besides, we analyzed whether magnetic resonance imaging could predict cardiac outcomes in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator better than echocardiography. We also reported the outcomes of the cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients ≥75 years old compared to younger patients. Finally, we studied the results of a novel ultra-high density mapping system to guide ablation procedures of complex atrial arrhythmias in heart failure patients compared to controls
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Tsang, On Kin. "Comparison of tissue segmentation algorithms in neuroimage analysis software tools /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597619801&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=10361&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Jia, Jingfei. "Fast Radiative-Transfer-Equation-Based Image Reconstruction Algorithms for Non-Contact Diffuse Optical Tomography Systems." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8KD1X4S.
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It is well known that the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is the most accurate deterministic light propagation model employed in diffuse optical tomography (DOT). RTE-based algorithms provide more accurate tomographic results than codes that rely on the diffusion equation (DE), which is an approximation to the RTE, in scattering dominant media. However, RTE based DOT (RTE-DOT) has limited utility in practice due to its high computational cost and lack of support for general non-contact imaging systems. In this dissertation, I developed fast reconstruction algorithms for RTE-based DOT (RTE-DOT), which consists of three independent components: an efficient linear solver for forward problems, an improved optimization solver for inverse problem, and the first light propagation model in free space that fully considers the angular dependency, which can provide a suitable measurement operator for RTE-DOT. This algorithm is validated and evaluated with numerical experiments and clinical data. According to these studies, the novel reconstruction algorithm is up to 30 times faster than traditional reconstruction techniques, while achieving comparable reconstruction accuracy.
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Yang, Huanyi. "Performance analysis of EM-MPM and K-means clustering in 3D ultrasound breast image segmentation." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3875.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Mammographic density is an important risk factor for breast cancer, detecting and screening at an early stage could help save lives. To analyze breast density distribution, a good segmentation algorithm is needed. In this thesis, we compared two popularly used segmentation algorithms, EM-MPM and K-means Clustering. We applied them on twenty cases of synthetic phantom ultrasound tomography (UST), and nine cases of clinical mammogram and UST images. From the synthetic phantom segmentation comparison we found that EM-MPM performs better than K-means Clustering on segmentation accuracy, because the segmentation result fits the ground truth data very well (with superior Tanimoto Coefficient and Parenchyma Percentage). The EM-MPM is able to use a Bayesian prior assumption, which takes advantage of the 3D structure and finds a better localized segmentation. EM-MPM performs significantly better for the highly dense tissue scattered within low density tissue and for volumes with low contrast between high and low density tissues. For the clinical mammogram, image segmentation comparison shows again that EM-MPM outperforms K-means Clustering since it identifies the dense tissue more clearly and accurately than K-means. The superior EM-MPM results shown in this study presents a promising future application to the density proportion and potential cancer risk evaluation.
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Masoom, Hassan. "Automated Target Detection in Diagnostic Ultrasound based on the CLEAN Algorithm." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31333.
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In this thesis, we present an algorithm for the automated detection of abnormalities (targets) in ultrasound images. The algorithm uses little a priori information and does not require training data. The proposed scheme is a combination of the CLEAN algorithm, originally proposed for radio astronomy, and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processing, developed for use in radar systems. Neither of these algorithms appears to have been previously used for target detection in ultrasound images. The CLEAN algorithm identifies areas in the ultrasound image that stand out above a threshold in relation to the background; CFAR techniques allow for an automated and adaptive selection of the threshold. The algorithm was tested on simulated B-mode images. Using a contrast-detail analysis, probability of detection curves indicate that, depending on the contrast, the method has considerable promise for the automated detection of abnormalities with diameters greater than a few millimetres.
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Kriske, Jeffery Edward Jr. "A scalable approach to processing adaptive optics optical coherence tomography data from multiple sensors using multiple graphics processing units." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6458.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) is a non-invasive method of imaging the human retina in vivo. It can be used to visualize microscopic structures, making it incredibly useful for the early detection and diagnosis of retinal disease. The research group at Indiana University has a novel multi-camera AO-OCT system capable of 1 MHz acquisition rates. Until this point, a method has not existed to process data from such a novel system quickly and accurately enough on a CPU, a GPU, or one that can scale to multiple GPUs automatically in an efficient manner. This is a barrier to using a MHz AO-OCT system in a clinical environment. A novel approach to processing AO-OCT data from the unique multi-camera optics system is tested on multiple graphics processing units (GPUs) in parallel with one, two, and four camera combinations. The design and results demonstrate a scalable, reusable, extensible method of computing AO-OCT output. This approach can either achieve real time results with an AO-OCT system capable of 1 MHz acquisition rates or be scaled to a higher accuracy mode with a fast Fourier transform of 16,384 complex values.
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"Diffusion tensor MRI predictors of cognitive impairment in confluent white matter lesion." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549080.
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雖然由老化引發的腦白質病變是老年人認知障礙的一個重要誘因，其機理缺並不為人所知。最新的小樣本研究表明擴散核磁造影在很大程度上是對腦白質病變最為敏感的的成像檢測手段。加深對擴散核磁造影所給出的各種指數的理解和認知對於檢測腦白質病變的病理發展以及研發試驗療法的替代標記有重要的意義。為了獲得更具有臨床價值的擴散核磁造影指數，我們首先需要重構腦白質纖維束並沿著重構出的腦白質纖維束採集數值。然而，傳統的腦白質纖維束重構技術對於腦白質病變十分敏感。此外，不同病人所重構出的腦白質纖維束間缺乏映射關係也使我們無法有效進行大樣本統計分析。
在這個課題裡，我們提出了一個可以解決以上問題的一個全新框架。我們將專家標註過功能區的全腦白質纖維束模板配準到各個個體的腦部。此方案可自動生成個體化的全腦白質纖維束以及纖維束的功能區標註。自由形變模型被用於在全局層面對配準進行約束。所重構纖維束的曲率被用於在局部對配準進行約束。為了減輕腦白質病變對配準的影響，我們運用了一種 魯棒的主成分分析手段來檢測被病灶所干擾的纖維束。為了指導這些被干擾纖維束的配準，我們提出了一種全新的沿纖維束的區域特徵作為替代。此外，我們也探究了通過在纖維束上建立坐標系來除去離群纖維已經提供更高相關性的辦法。
我們所提出的框架被運用於一個腦小血管病變的臨床研究。在64個研究對象中約半數是腦白質病變患者。試驗結果證實此算法成功地將全腦白質纖維束模板配準到了所有研究對象上。沿著特定纖維束改採集的指數與認知測試分數的相關性顯著地超越了傳統指數所給出的結果。我們同時也發現沿著不同功能區腦白質纖維改採集的指數與相應的認知測試分數統計相關。
Although age-related white matter lesion(WML)is an important substrate for cognitive impairment in the elderly, the mechanisms whereby WML induces cognitive impairment are uncertain. Recent findings based on small studies suggested that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures might be the most sensitive imaging predictors in patients with WML. Understanding the imaging predictors for such disease will be useful in monitoring disease progression and in devising surrogate marker for treatment trials.
In order to obtain DTI measurements with diagnostic significance, it is first necessary to reconstruct the white-matter fiber pathways inside the brain along which certain DTI-derived values are calculated. Nevertheless, the traditional approach of white-matter tract reconstruction, or tractography, is severely hindered by the abundant existence of lesions inside the brains of WML patients. The lack of correspondence between fiber bundles across patients also makes obtaining group statistics of individual fiber bundles dicult.
In this study, we propose a novel framework that can mitigate the aforementioned issues of traditional tractography approaches. An expert-labeled whole brain tractography template is registered onto individual patients. Fiber trajectories and anatomically meaningful fiber bundles are automatically obtained by this registration. The free-form deformations are used to regularize the transformations at the whole brain level and across fiber bundles. Fiber curvatures are penalized as the intra-fiber regularization to encourage the smoothness of transformed fibers. White matter (WM) lesion is one of the major factors affecting tractography and registration of subjects with neuro Logical disorders. The Robust Principal Component Analysis(RPCA) is used to automatically detect fiber tract segments that are affected by WM lesion and a novel along-fiber regional prior is learned from healthy subjects to facilitate the registration of these fiber tract segments. We also propose to establish bundle-wise coordinate system by utilizing low-rank constraints upon the DTI measurements. The eort elevates the summary for an anatomical bundle from a scalar statistic to a vector containing changes along the representative fiber pathway. It provides means to exclude the outlier fibers while retaining partially-complete fibers.
The proposed scheme is applied to a clinical study of cerebral small vessel diseases(SVD).Experimental results show successful registration of the whole brain tractography template onto all 64 subjects, including both healthy con¬trol subjects and SVD patients. The DTI measures measured along specific registered anatomical fiber bundles exhibit significant boost in correlation with cognitive functions as compared with traditional measures. It also shows that different anatomical WM structures correlate with multiple types of cognitive functions in different ways.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
He, Xiaotian.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-53).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
List of Figures --- p.ix
List of Tables --- p.xii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Our Work and Contributions --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Related Work --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Organization --- p.5
Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Background of Neuroanatomy --- p.6
Chapter 2.2 --- Background on Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DTMRI) --- p.11
Chapter 3 --- Free Form Fibers --- p.18
Chapter 3.1 --- DTI Acquisition --- p.20
Chapter 3.2 --- Fiber Model --- p.20
Chapter 3.3 --- Fiber-to-DTI Registration --- p.21
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Free-Form Fibers (FFFs) --- p.21
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Tensor-Driven Fiber-to-DTI Registration --- p.23
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Reliability Assessment by Robust Principal Component Analysis --- p.24
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Contextual Feature --- p.26
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Learning the Fiber Context Prior --- p.29
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Registration Refinement Using the Fiber Context Prior --- p.29
Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.31
Chapter 5 --- Future Work --- p.39
Chapter 5.1 --- Refinement on Large Bundles --- p.39
Chapter 5.2 --- Outlier Fiber Removal in Fiber Template --- p.40
Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.44
Bibliography --- p.46
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Shaw, Calbvin B. "Development of Novel Reconstruction Methods Based on l1--Minimization for Near Infrared Diffuse Optical Tomography." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3229.
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Diffuse optical tomography uses near infrared (NIR) light as the probing media to recover the distributions of tissue optical properties. It has a potential to become an adjunct imaging modality for breast and brain imaging, that is capable of providing functional information of the tissue under investigation. As NIR light propagation in the tissue is dominated by scattering, the image reconstruction problem (inverse problem) tends to be non-linear and ill-posed, requiring usage of advanced computational methods to compensate this.
Traditional image reconstruction methods in diffuse optical tomography employ l2 –norm based regularization, which is known to remove high frequency noises in the re-constructed images and make them appear smooth. The recovered contrast in the reconstructed image in these type of methods are typically dependent on the iterative nature of the method employed, in which the non-linear iterative technique is known to perform better in comparison to linear techniques. The usage of non-linear iterative techniques in the real-time, especially in dynamical imaging, becomes prohibitive due to the computational complexity associated with them.
In the rapid dynamic diffuse optical imaging, assumption of a linear dependency in the solutions between successive frames results in a linear inverse problem. This new frame work along with the l1–norm based regularization can provide better robustness to noise and results in a better contrast recovery compared to conventional l2 –based techniques. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed l1-based technique is computationally efficient compared to its counterpart(l2 –based one). The proposed framework requires a reasonably close estimate of the actual solution for the initial frame and any suboptimal estimate leads to erroneous reconstruction results for the subsequent frames.
Modern diffuse optical imaging systems are multi-modal in nature, where diffuse optical imaging is combined with traditional imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and Ultrasound. A novel approach that can more effectively use the structural information provided by the traditional imaging modalities in these scenarios is introduced, which is based on prior image constrained- l1 minimization scheme. This method has been motivated by the recent progress in the sparse image reconstruction techniques. It is shown that the- l1 based frame work is more effective in terms of localizing the tumor region and recovering the optical property values both in numerical and gelatin phantom cases compared to the traditional methods that use structural information.