Academic literature on the topic 'Diagnostic imaging. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diagnostic imaging. eng"
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Dewji, Zameel, and Brian W. Blakley. "S216 – Is Oculomotor Testing Useful in the Modern Era?" Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.391.
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Objectives To understand the role of oculomotor testing in the era of advanced imaging with MRI. Methods First, the literature was evaluated systematically to determine the level of evidence that oculomotor testing is sensitive in central nervous system lesions. Next, the sensitivity and specificity of saccade, pursuit, and gaze testing in detection of brain abnormalities were assessed using a database of 561 patients who underwent ENG using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the “gold standard.” Among the abnormal MRI scans, oculomotor testing was abnormal in 1 and normal in 37. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and the diagnostic odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (± CI) were calculated. Results For oculomotor testing, our data which concur with the literature indicate: Sensitivity 2.6%, (± 0.005–1.1); Specificity 96%, ± (0.89–0.98); Diagnostic OR 0.71 ± (0.065–5.6); PPV 20% ± (0.043, −0.64); NPV 71% ±(0.62, 0.78). Conclusions Our data suggest that oculomotor testing adds little diagnostic information. The cost and benefit of oculomotor testing are low.
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Cysewska-Sobusiak, Anna Romana. "Examples of acquisition and application of biooptical signals." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.897.
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Scientific activity of Division of Metrology and Optoelectronics with Poznan University of Poland (PUT) includes methods and systems used in modern electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical metrology. Noninvasive diagnostic methods applied in medical engineering, with special interest in optoelectronic sensor technology and advanced methods of imaging, are considered in the paper. The author who was the Head of the Division presents the short review of some selected former results of studies related to biophotonics. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "Powers and Limitations of Noninvasive Measurements Implemented in Pulse Oximetry", Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 22 (2002). DirectLink J.G. Webster, Design of pulse oximeters (Bristol, IOP Publishing Ltd 1997). CrossRef T. Aoyagi, "Pulse oximetry: its invention, theory, and future", Journal of Anesthesia 17, 4 (2003). CrossRef A.A. Alian and K.H Shelley, "Photoplethysmography", Anesthesiology 28, 4 (2014). CrossRef F.A. Duck, Physical properties of tissue: a comprehensive reference book (San Diego, Academia Press 1990). CrossRef Z. Krawiecki, A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, G. Wiczyński, and A. Odon, "Modeling and measurements of light transmission through human tissues", Bull. Pol. Ac. Tech. 56, 2 (2008). DirectLink A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "One-dimensional representation of light-tissue interaction for application in noninvasive oximetry", Opt. Eng. 36, 4 (1997). CrossRef D. Prokop, A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, and A. Hulewicz, "Monitoring of the Arterial Blood Waveforms with a Multi-Sensor System", Procedia Eng. 47 (2012). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, P. Skrzywanek, and A. Sowier, "Utilization of Miniprobes in Modern Endoscopic Ultrasonography", IEEE Sensors Journal 6, 5 (2006). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, G. Wiczyński, Z. Krawiecki, and A. Sowier, "Role of optical techniques in combined use of selected methods of medical imaging", Opto-Electron. Rev. 16, 2 (2008). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, M. Bołtrukiewicz, and J. Parzych, "Evaluation of fluorescence images acquired from oligonucleotide libraries", Optica Applicata 38, 2 (2008). DirectLink M. Jukiewicz and A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "Stimuli design for SSVEP-based brain computer-interface", Intl. Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 62, 2 (2016). CrossRef G. Wiczyński, "Inaccuracy of Short-Term Light Flicker Pst Indicator Measuring With a Flickermeter", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 27, 2 (2012). CrossRef A. Hulewicz, "A New Approach to Objective Evaluation of Human Visual Acuity", Phot. Lett. Poland 6, 4 (2014). CrossRef A. Zielińska, K. Kiluk, M. Wojtkowski, and K. Komar, "System for psychophysical measurements of two-photon vision", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 1 (2019). CrossRef
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Skrok, Marta Katarzyna, Damian Siedlecki, and David Alonso-Caneiro. "Precise geometry of the anterior chamber of the eye by means of OCT imaging." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i3.819.
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Nowadays medicine highly relies on non-invasive optical diagnostic methods. The likewise situation is in the case of ophthalmology, especially in diagnosis of anterior segment eye diseases, where optical coherence tomography (OCT) plays inestimable role. OCT devices can do fast, painless measurements of the anterior segment of the eye. Nonetheless it should be remembered that the OCT images are burdened with an optical distortion and they doesn’t reflect the true geometry of the eye. This study presents an algorithm for correcting the distortion in OCT images and reflecting true parameters of the anterior segment of the eye. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Podoleanu, I. Charalambous, L. Plesea, A. Dogariu, R. Rosen, "Correction of distortions in optical coherence tomography imaging of the eye", Phys. Med. Biol. 49(7), 1277 (2004). CrossRef S. Ortiz, D. Siedlecki, I. Grulkowski, L. Remon, D. Pascual, M. Wojtkowski, S. Marcos, "Optical distortion correction in Optical Coherence Tomography for quantitative ocular anterior segment by three-dimensional imaging", Opt. Express 18, 2782 (2010). CrossRef F. LaRocca, S.J. Chiu, R.P. McNabb, A.N. Kuo, J.A. Izatt, S. Farsiu, "Robust automatic segmentation of corneal layer boundaries in SDOCT images using graph theory and dynamic programming", Biom. Opt. Express 2(6), 1524 (2011). CrossRef S.A. Read et al., "Anterior eye tissue morphology: Scleral and conjunctival thickness in children and young adults", Sci. Rep. 6, 33796 (2016). CrossRef S.R. Uhlhorn, D. Borja, F. Manns, J.-M. Parel, "Refractive index measurement of the isolated crystalline lens using optical coherence tomography", Vision Res., 48(27), 2732 (2008). CrossRef R. Koprowski, Z. Wróbel, S. Wilczyński, A. Nowińska, E. Wylęgała, "Methods of measuring the iridocorneal angle in tomographic images of the anterior segment of the eye", Biomed. Eng. Online, 12, 40 (2013). CrossRef D.P. Pinero, A.B. Plaza Puche, J.L. Alio, "Corneal diameter measurements by corneal topography and angle-to-angle measurements by optical coherence tomography: Evaluation of equivalence", J. Cataract Refract. Surg. 34, 126 (2008). CrossRef B. Urban, M. Krętowska, M. Szumiński, A. Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk, " Evaluation of anterior chamber depth measurements in emmetropic, hypermetropic and myopic eyes in children and adolescents using OCT Visante", Klinika Oczna 114(1), 18 (2012). DirectLink L. Chen, D. Chernyak, "Pupil Changes under Scotopic and Photopic illumination", Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54, 1524 (2013). DirectLink D. Monsalvez-Romin, A.J. del Aguila-Carrasco, T. Ferrer-Blasco, J.J. Esteve-Taboada, R Montes-Mico, Evaluation of the iridocorneal angle with accommodation using optical coherence tomography", Int. J. Ophthalmol. 10(10), 1614 (2017). CrossRef
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Lucic, Zorka, Dusan Hadnadjev, Mira Govorcin, Sanja Stojanovic, Viktor Till, Milos Lucic, Katarina Koprivsek, et al. "Current diagnostic trends in radiology." Medical review 60, no. 11-12 (2007): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0712599l.
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Since the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad R?entgen at the end of the 19th century, diagnostic imaging techniques have been continously improved by technological advances, bringing radiological diagnosis into the very center of modern medicine. Nowadays, it is hard to imagine therapy planning without previous radiological examination. Great advances in the field of computer technology have been accompanied by development of radiological techniques, and today they include not only morphological and anatomical, but also dynamic, functional and molecular imaging. This paper is an overview of new and improved radiological techniques and their implementation.
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Peatman, W. B., and K. Holldack. "Diagnostic front end for BESSY II." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597017068.
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For BESSY II, synchrotron radiation beam diagnostics will be incorporated in both the insertion-device front ends and the dipole-beamline front ends. In order to gain a complete picture of the source characteristics, a diagnostic front end has been designed and tested for dipole radiation. This consists of (i) a pinhole array imaging system, (ii) a double-blade system for the determination of the vertical center of gravity of the synchrotron radiation fan, and (iii) a Bragg–Fresnel multilayer system for the most precise image information about the source size and shape.
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Demirci, Oguz, and Vince D. Calhoun. "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Implications for Detection of Schizophrenia." European Neurological Review 4, no. 2 (2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2009.04.02.103.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an invaluable non-invasive instrument that has been used to investigate physiological disturbances that lead to manifest psychiatric illnesses. It is hoped that efficient application of fMRI can be utilised to characterise and diagnose mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Although there are various fMRI research studies presenting very promising diagnosis results for schizophrenia, we believe that there is much to be done to develop effective diagnostic tools for clinical purposes. We present specific examples based mostly on our past and recent work together with various examples from the recent literature. We discuss where we currently stand in the efforts of fMRI being used for diagnosis of schizophrenia, examine common possible biases and offer some solutions with the hope that fMRI can be more efficiently used in diagnostic research.
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de Koster, Elizabeth J., Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Olaf M. Dekkers, Ilse van Engen-van Grunsven, Jaap Hamming, Eleonora P. M. Corssmit, Hans Morreau, et al. "Diagnostic Utility of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers in Cytological Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules." Endocrine Reviews 39, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 154–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2017-00133.
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Abstract Indeterminate thyroid cytology (Bethesda III and IV) corresponds to follicular-patterned benign and malignant lesions, which are particularly difficult to differentiate on cytology alone. As ~25% of these nodules harbor malignancy, diagnostic hemithyroidectomy is still custom. However, advanced preoperative diagnostics are rapidly evolving. This review provides an overview of additional molecular and imaging diagnostics for indeterminate thyroid nodules in a preoperative clinical setting, including considerations regarding cost-effectiveness, availability, and feasibility of combining techniques. Addressed diagnostics include gene mutation analysis, microRNA, immunocytochemistry, ultrasonography, elastosonography, computed tomography, sestamibi scintigraphy, [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The best rule-out tests for malignancy were the Afirma® gene expression classifier and FDG-PET. The most accurate rule-in test was sole BRAF mutation analysis. No diagnostic had both near-perfect sensitivity and specificity, and estimated cost-effectiveness. Molecular techniques are rapidly advancing. However, given the currently available techniques, a multimodality stepwise approach likely offers the most accurate diagnosis, sequentially applying one sensitive rule-out test and one specific rule-in test. Geographical variations in cytology (e.g., Hürthle cell neoplasms) and tumor genetics strongly influence local test performance and clinical utility. Multidisciplinary collaboration and implementation studies can aid the local decision for one or more eligible diagnostics.
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Rovira, Àlex, and Cristina Auger. "Role of Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis." European Neurological Review 7, no. 3 (2012): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2012.07.03.181.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic tool in different central nervous system (CNS) disorders including brain cancer and cerebrovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. The most commonly used MRI contrast agents are gadolinium-based compounds that have been successfully employed in combination with T1-weighted sequences to detect and monitor focal disease-related abnormalities. These gadolinium-based contrast agents facilitate the visualisation of areas of blood brain barrier disruption, show good performance in diagnostic procedures and present a favourable safety profile. In multiple sclerosis (MS), conventional MRI, including T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences, is pivotal to diagnose and to monitor disease activity and progression. Advanced magnetic resonance (MR) techniques and new contrast agents are currently being developed to improve the ability to identify CNS structural and functional abnormalities in MS, which may better correlate with and predict the clinical course of the disease.
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Lulé, Dorothée. "Neuroimaging Advances in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." European Neurological Review 5, no. 2 (2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2010.05.02.54.
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The development of non-invasive functional imaging techniques has allowed neuroscientists to investigate the physiological parameters of the clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a severe neurological disease. Modern neuroimaging techniques enable anatomy and function to be connectedin vivowith an acceptable balance between low patient load and high information capacity, making them ideal for clinical research in patients with physical restrictions, such as those with ALS. Structural imaging techniques in ALS include T1/T2-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry. Functional neuroimaging enables the acquisition of dynamic cortical function either in a passive (or resting) state or via active paradigms. The main technique used is functional magnetic resonance imaging. Structural and functional neuroimaging has provided evidence of alterations in motor and non-motor cortical pathways in ALS. In the future, neuroimaging may provide early diagnostic criteria to support the clinical diagnosis of ALS, help us to understand the aetiological background of the disease and pave the way for a new viewpoint on the functional capacities of these patients, which may have a major impact on our way of thinking about end-of-life decisions.
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Hegerl, Ulrich, and Hans-Jürgen Möller. "Electroencephalography as a Diagnostic Instrument in Alzheimer's Disease: Reviews and Perspectives." International Psychogeriatrics 9, S1 (December 1997): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297004948.
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Electroencephalography is the only diagnostic instrument directly reflecting cortical neuronal functioning, and it remains an important clinical tool in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a normal EEG is found in many patients with mild AD, a pathological EEG is an important finding, because such a result is not in line with differential diagnoses such as depression or pseudodementia within a dissociative disorder. The vast majority of patients with moderate to servere AD have a pathological EEG. A normal EEG in this patient group is more in line with subcortical dementia or frontal lobe degeneration than with AD. Compared to SPECT or routine structural brain imaging (cCT, MRT), EEG has a comparable diagnosis sensitivity and a higher specificity. For monitoring changes of brain function by serial recordings (e.g., during therapy with antidementia drugs), EEG is the best available method.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diagnostic imaging. eng"
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Marques, Thiago Macedo. "Avaliação da densitometria óssea em fêmur de rato após consumo de álcool e fluoreto de sódio /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91440.
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Orientador: Leda Maria Pescinini SalzedasBanca: Ana Maria Pires Soubhia
Banca: Ana Lucia Alvares Capelozza
Resumo: O consumo abusivo de álcool interfere no metabolismo ósseo podendo causar a osteoporose, e o fluoreto de sódio tem sido usado para reduzir o risco de fratura na osteoporose. Não há relatos do efeito sinérgico dessas substâncias no tecido ósseo. A densitometria óssea é um método preciso para avaliação do conteúdo mineral ósseo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise densitométrica óssea em fêmur de rato submetidos ao consumo de fluoreto e ao consumo crônico de álcool com e sem consumo prévio de fluoreto. Os 105 ratos foram divididos em 5 grupos conforme a dieta líquida: água (Controle C) e fluoreto (Grupo F) "ad libitum" por um período de 90 dias; água (Grupo CA) e fluoreto (Grupo FA) por 30 dias antes do consumo de aguardente de cana (40o GL) em concentrações crescentes de 30% e 60% durante 20 dias, e pura por 40 dias até eutanásia do animal; água por 60 dias e a seguir fluoreto por 30 dias (Grupo CF). Os animais foram sacrificados após 3, 10 e 28 dias de completada a dieta, os fêmures esquerdos foram dissecados e submetidos à análise densitométrica no sistema DXA. Os valores obtidos de conteúdo de massa óssea (CMO) e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos, sendo verificada diferença estatística entre os grupos no CMO e DMO. A ordem decrescente de DMO foi: F, CF, C, FA, CA, sendo observada diferença estatística entre os grupos F e CA. O grupo F apresentou os maiores valores de CMO e DMO, e os grupos FA e CA apresentaram menores médias de CMO e DMO comparados aos C, F e CF. Podemos concluir que o uso de NaF de maneira prolongada aumenta a densidade óssea e que o uso crônico de álcool diminui os valores de CMO e DMO, mesmo com o uso prévio de NaF, sendo encontrado valores intermediários após consumo das duas substâncias.
Abstract: The abusive alcohol consumption intervenes with the bone metabolism being able to cause osteoporosis and the sodium fluorid has been used to reduce the risk of breaking in osteoporosis. There are not reports of the synergistic effect of such substances on bone tissue. The aim of this study was to analysis bone density in the rat femur submitted to the use of fluoride and the chronic consumption of alcohol with and without pre-fluoride. The 105 rats had been divided in 5 groups in agreement the liquid diet: water (Control C) and fluorid (Fluorid F) "ad libitum" for a period of 90 days; water (water and alcohol CA) and fluorid (fluorine and alcohol FA) per 30 days before the consumption of sugar cane brandy (40°GL) in increasing concentrations of 30% and 60% during 20 days, and pure for 40 days until euthanasia of the animal; water per 60 days and to follow fluorid per 30 days (fluorid 30 days CF). The animals were sacrificed after 3, 10 and 28 days of completion of the diet, the left femurs were dissected and submitted for analysis in the DXA standard system. The values obtained of bone mass content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were submitted to the analysis of variance and test Tukey for comparison between groups, and found statistical difference between the groups in the BMC and BMD. The order of decreasing BMD was: F, CF, C, FA, CA, and observed statistical difference between the groups F and CA. The group F presented the highest values of BMC and BMD, and the FA and CA groups had lower average BMC and BMD compared to C, F and CF. We can conclude that the use of NaF on a prolonged increases bone density and that the chronic use of alcohol lowers the values of BMC and BMD, even with the previous use of NaF, and intermediate values found after consumption of the both substances.
Mestre
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Castro, Viviane Montich de. "Estudo comparativo de métodos ultra-sonográficos de avaliação da idade gestacional em cadelas /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89113.
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Orientador: Maria Jaqueline MamprimBanca: Maria Denise Lopes
Banca: Franklin de Almeida Sterman
Resumo: A ultra-sonografia é um método de grande utilidade na Medicina Veterinária, apresentando grande valia no diagnóstico gestacional em cadelas, por ser um método precoce, acompanhar o desenvolvimento e a viabilidade embrionária e fetal. Entretanto possui algumas limitações para estimar a idade fetal, quando comparada com a Medicina Humana, principalmente devido a grande variação do porte nos cães. Foi realizado acompanhamento ultra-sonográfico em 27 cadelas prenhes de diferentes raças distribuídas em grupos segundo o peso corpóreo, com o objetivo de estudar a utilização do exame ultra-sonográfico como método de diagnóstico e acompanhamento gestacional, avaliando o desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal (organogênese), além de comparar os métodos de avaliação da idade gestacional e dias anteriores ao parto propostos por diversos autores, sendo utilizados para os cálculos as mensurações da vesícula embrionária, crânio, corpo e coração em três diferentes fases gestacionais, visando auxiliar o médico veterinário na escolha dos cálculos mais indicados para cada fase gestacional nos diferentes grupos de cadelas.
Abstract: Ultrasonography is a useful technique in veterinary medicine, showing high value in gestational diagnosis in bitches, because its use for early pregnancy detection as well as easiness to follow embrionary and fetal viability and development. However, as compared with human medicine, veterinary ultrasound technique has some limitations in estimating fetal age mainly because the high variation in size of dogs. Ultrasound accompaniments of 27 pregnant, all age and breed bitches separated in groups, were performed, with the objective of studying the ultrasound as a technique for gestational diagnosis and further observation, evaluating both embrionary and fetal development (organogenesis), and comparing previous evaluation techniques of gestational age on days before parturition proposed by different author. Mensurations of embryonic vesicles, skull, body size and heart at three different gestational stages were achieved, to help practitioners in choosing the most accurate estimation method at each gestational stage in different groups of bitches.
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Oliveira, Rodrigo dos Reis. "Estudo prospectivo do diagnóstico por imagem em cães com ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial. -." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89115.
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Orientador: Maria Jaqueline MamprimBanca: Lucy Mary
Banca: Ribeiro Muniz
Banca: Nilva Maria
Banca: Esteves Mascarenhaz
Resumo: exame radiográfico e a ultra-sonografia foram avaliados como técnicas de imagem no diagnóstico de ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) em cães. Verificou-se sexo, raça, peso e idade dos animais atendidos no Hospital Veterinário (HV) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ)-UNESP, Botucatu-SP. Num período de 12 meses, 31 cães com suspeita de ruptura do LCCr foram submetidos a exames radiográficos e ultra-sonográficos com objetivo de verificar sinais compatíveis com a lesão. Os casos positivos foram encaminhados para cirurgia, no intuito de confirmar o diagnóstico O e reparar a lesão. Foram verificados por meio de artrotomia 23 casos de ruptura total e dois casos de ruptura parcial do LCCr. Não houve diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas, bem como entre animais inteiros ou castrados. Os cães sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos, seguidos pelo boxer, pit bull, pastor alemão e rottweiler. O animal mais leve pesava 8,4kg e o mais pesado 71kg, sendo a média igual a 27,9kg. Cães com peso igual ou inferior a 15kg apresentaram uma ocorrência menor da doença quando comparados aos animais com peso acima de 15,1kg. A faixa etária variou entre 12 meses a 13 anos, não sendo verificada variação considerável ao compararmos animais jovens e maduros. O exame radiográfico diagnosticou corretamente a lesão em 84% (21) dos casos, e quatro (16%) animais tiveram resultado falso-negativo. O exame ultra-sonográfico foi capaz de diagnosticar acertadamente 76% dos casos, e fornecer diagnóstico favorável nos 24% restantes, apresentando 100% de resultados positivos. No presente trabalho pudemos concluir que tanto o exame radiográfico quanto a ultra-sonografia são modalidades que podem contribuir de forma positiva no diagnóstico da ruptura do LCCr em cães.
Abstract: Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination was evaluated as image techniques in diagnostic of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs. Was determined the sex, breed, body weight and age of the animals taken care in the Hospital Veterinarian (HV) of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ)-UNESP, Botucatu-SP. In a period of 12 months, 31 dogs with supposed CCL rupture were examined radiographic and ultrasonographically with objective to verify compatible signals with the injury. Positive cases had been directed for surgery, in intention to confirm the diagnostic and to repair the injury. Had been verified by artrotomy 23 cases of total rupture and two cases of partial rupture of the CCL. Did not have significant difference between males and females, as well as between intact or neutered animals. Mixed breeds had been affected, followed for boxer, pit bull, german shepherddog and rottweiler. The animal lightest weighed 8,4kg and the heaviest 71kg, mean body weight was 27,9kg. Dogs with equal or inferior weight 15kg had presented a lesser occurrence of the illness when compared with the animals with weight above of 15,1kg. Age varied enters 12 months and 13 years, without considerable variation between mature and young animals. Radiology correctly identified the injury in 84% of the cases, and four (16%) animals had false-negative resulted. In 76% of cases, ultrasonography correctly identified, and to supply to favorable diagnosis in 24% remains, presenting 100% of positive results. In the present study we could conclude that as radiology how ultrasonography are modalities diagnostics that can contribute of positive form in the diagnosis of the rupture of the CCL in dogs.
Mestre
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Skerl, Katrin. "Standardisation and quality assurance of 2D ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography imaging in breast tissue." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5ee2b3ed-89aa-4874-830a-ec9be233aae4.
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In 2009, a novel imaging modality called Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), an ultrasound technique visualising the elasticity of tissue, was introduced to the field of clinical breast imaging. Because malignant tissues are generally stiffer than benign tissues, SWE supports the differentiation of benign / malignant solid breast lesions. However, no standard has yet been defined for the application and the evaluation of results. Furthermore, image evaluation has to be carried out directly from the ultrasound system, complicating long-term and multi-centre studies. This PhD thesis investigated the influences from the imaging process and image evaluation on SWE measurements. Various parameters were appraised with regard to their diagnostic performance, in order to define the best clinical standard. To define more complex image analysis, taking the parameters investigated into account, algorithms were devised to enable automatic assessment of B-mode and SWE images. In this work, influences from the imaging process and image evaluation on the SWE measurements were demonstrated. The influences investigated included: the impact from the region of interest and the imaging plane used; the individual variation in breast composition; the number of images considered and the pressure applied during imaging. The algorithms described within this work achieved a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of manual assessment by a radiology expert. This thesis demonstrated influences from the imaging process and image evaluation on the SWE measurements obtained. Taking these influences into consideration would complicate the clinical application of SWE imaging. However, automatic image evaluation as presented here would overcome this issue. Using the guidelines defined in this PhD thesis also allows for comparison of results taken from different imaging sites.
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Dumbarton, Carolyn. "Infection control practices within the Diagnostic Imaging Department." Thesis, Bangor University, 2007. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/infection-control-practices-within-the-diagnostic-imaging-department(162b6def-6638-4bd6-9dce-31069248c31c).html.
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This study investigated radiographers' infection control practice within the Diagnostic Imaging Department. The investigation was carried out in three phases. Structured observations were carried out in four hospitals to determine the frequency and identify the situations in which infection control procedures were performed. Bacterial analysis was performed on equipment in one hospital to identify levels of contamination associated with the lack of cleaning witnessed during the observational study. Finally Focus Group discussions were used in two hospitals to establish the opinions and attitudes of radiographers regarding infection control, and to identify factors that prevented as well as those that facilitated these practices. Radiographers' compliance with infection control practice was low. Hand decontamination prior to patient contact was observed on only (n=34) 4% of occasions, and afterwards on (n=145) 17% of occasions. Infection control practice was frequently inappropriate when radiographers were dealing with situations involving immunosuppressed patients, those with open wounds, and in the handling of needles. Equipment was cleaned on only (n=30) 4% of occasions. It was found that 56% of the pieces of equipment were found to have unacceptable levels of bacterial contamination. However, after simple decontamination the measure of bacterial load was significantly reduced. The Focus Group discussions indicated that radiographers had good levels of knowledge regarding infection control, but issues such as lack of time and resources, low perceived risk of infection and the culture of the departments and NHS trusts had a negative effect on compliance rates. For maximum compliance it is thought that a multifaceted intervention should be implemented. The researcher believes the use of Quality Circles would develop a culture that would encourage compliance with infection control protocols. Better compliance with infection control protocols achieved through changes in education, procedures and culture in the Diagnostic Imaging Department are, therefore, vital to protect both patients and staff.
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Denniss, Jonathan. "Diagnostic imaging and the structure-function relationship in glaucoma." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/diagnostic-imaging-and-the-structurefunction-relationship-in-glaucoma(24b94e53-d0b9-4437-a639-8ea739049d22).html.
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This thesis describes a series of investigations into the use of optic nerve head (ONH) imaging in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and its relation to visual function. Accurate diagnosis is a key issue in POAG, particularly the difficult task of separating those with early disease from those healthy individuals who display signs of POAG. The purpose of this work is to improve diagnostic methods in glaucoma through use of ONH imaging and its relationship with visual field (VF) loss. First, the performance of a group of expert clinicians evaluating ONH photographs for glaucomatous damage was investigated. The results showed that even when their assessments are combined discrimination between eyes with and without POAG (based on VF loss) is far from perfect, highlighting the need for improvements in diagnosis. The possibility of combining structural and functional data to aid diagnosis was then considered. This requires VF loss and ONH damage to be strongly topographically related. The strength of this relationship was evaluated in 185 patients with POAG. 10,000 computer-generated maps between the ONH and VF were tested and the topographic relationship measured with each of these was compared to that using a published structure-based map. The weak topographic relationships found suggest that the application of these maps to individual patients is limited with current measures. The next chapter describes how a multispectral imaging (MSI, also called hyperspectral imaging) system was set-up for spatial evaluation of ONH oxygenation using a Beer-Lambert law model. Test-retest repeatability was tested and found to be acceptable for the purposes of the following studies. The MSI system was then used for an investigation of the relationship between ONH oxygenation and VF loss. 33 eyes of 18 patients underwent VF testing, MSI and HRT3 imaging. Superior-inferior asymmetries in VF sensitivity were compared to superior-inferior asymmetries in ONH oxygenation measured by MSI and in neuroretinal rim (NRR) area measured by HRT3. This way we take advantage of the typical progression of POAG and each eye acts as its own reference, negating the effect of a wide normal range and overlap between health and disease. This study found, for the first time, a strong association between ONH oxygenation and VF sensitivity. A re-analysis of the 33 ONH oxygenation maps was then performed to assess oxygenation only in the area of the NRR as defined by the HRT. Superior-inferior asymmetries in NRR oxygenation were then compared to superior-inferior asymmetries in VF loss, and the associations found were similarly strong. This study shows that MSI is capable of detecting areas of NRR deemed healthy tissue by structural imaging techniques, which are in fact poorly oxygenated and associated with VF defects. These findings show that NRR oxygenation measured by MSI is strongly related to VF loss. This important information complements existing technologies and may aid in the future diagnosis and management of patients with POAG.
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Araújo, Fábio André Pinheiro. "Estudos por imagem e físico dos membros pélvicos de pacas (Cuniculus paca) criadas em cativeiro /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88982.
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Orientador: Sheila Canavese RahalBanca: Marcia Rita Fernandes Machado
Banca: José Morceli
Resumo: O trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar, por meio de estudos goniométricos, radiográficos e tomográficos, medidas aferidas dos membros pélvicos de pacas criadas em cativeiro, de forma a fornecer informações para esta espécie. Foram utilizadas nove pacas (Cuniculus paca) adultas, sendo três fêmeas e seis machos, com peso médio variando de 5,9 até 8,2 kg. O valor médio do arco de movimento para articulação do joelho foi de 77,34 ±13,48º e o da articulação tarsocrural de 99,09 ±8,42º, porém a articulação coxofemoral apresentou valores de 67,38 ±6,16º até 81,00 ±7,52º. Pela avaliação radiográfica, a média do ângulo de Norberg foi de 132,33 ±2,29º e 129,22 ±2,72º para os membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. Os valores do ângulo de inclinação apresentaram variação de 142,44 ±4,82º até 145,44 ±4,09º para o método A de Hauptman, de 129,78 ±3,84º até 133,22 ±2,58º para o método B de Hauptman e de 144,94 ±3,13º até 148,22 ±3,25º para o método de Montavon. O valor médio do comprimento do ligamento patelar (L) foi 15,87 ±1,14 mm, e o do comprimento longitudinal da patela (P) de 27,26 ±1,93mm, sendo a proporção L:P de 0,59 ±0,06, na mensuração radiográfica em projeção mediolateral. Pela aferição tomográfica, a média do comprimento patela no plano coronal foi 2,93 ±0,17cm e no plano sagital variou de 2,78 ±0,30cm até 2,89 ±0,20cm. A média do ângulo de anteversão, mensurado por tomografia, foi de 28,56 ±5,56º até 32,91 ±2,62º. A conformação óssea das pacas apresenta muitas semelhanças com a do porquinho da índia, porém foram detectadas apenas duas lúnulas e uma fabela lateral. Os valores obtidos servirão de base para futuros estudos comparativos com outras espécies de roedores ou mamíferos.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hind limbs of pacas raised in captivity using goniometrical, radiographical and computed tomography (CT) studies to establish data about this specie. Nine mature pacas (Cuniculus paca), 3 females and 6 males, weighing 5.9-8.2 kg were used. Mean values of range of motion of knee and tarsus were 77.34 ±13.48º and 99.09 ±8.42º, respectively, and range of motion of hip joint ranged from 67.38 ±6.16º to 81.00 ±7.52º. Radiographically, Norberg angle had mean values of 132.33 ±2.29º and 129.22±2.72º for right and left hind limbs, respectively. Angles of Inclination ranged from 142.44 ±4.82º to 145.44 ±4.09º for Hauptman A method, from 129.78 ±3.84º to 133.22 ±2.58º for Hauptman B method, and from 144.94 ±3.13º to 148.22 ±3.25º for Montavon method. The mean values of patellar ligament length (L) and longitudinal length of the patella (P) were 15.87 ±1.14mm and 27.26 ±1.93mm, respectively, and the length ratio between the patellar tendon and the patella (L:P) was 0.59 ±0.06, measured on the mediolateral radiographs. Length of the patella in the coronal plane was 2.93 ±0.17cm, and in the sagittal plane ranged from 2.78 ±0.30cm to 2.89 ±0,20cm using CT measurements. Average values for the femoral head and neck anteversion angles measured by CT were from 28.56 ±5.56º to 32.91 ±2.62º. The bone structure of the pacas has similarity to the guinea pigs, but two lunulae and one lateral fabela were observed. The data obtained may be used to future studies comparing the pacas to other rodent species or mammals.
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Ammer, Kurt. "Thermological studies in rehabilitation and rheumatology using computerised infrared imaging." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/thermological-studies-in-rehabilitation-and-rheumatology-using-computerised-infrared-imaging(57079205-fa4b-4317-a4c3-a11ec1ca545a).html.
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This overview reports 31 studies, which have been performed by the author since 1989 to define the diagnostic value of thermometry and infrared imaging in rehabilitation and rheumatology. Some investigations were designed to characterise either treatment modalities, to clarify the role of temperature measurements as a method for follow-up or treatment monitoring in certain diseases. Thermal imaging has an important impact in assisting the diagnosis of many diseases. A relationship between temperature and clinical signs was established in the following disorders: epicondylitis (correlation of hot spots with pain provocated by firm pressure or resisted movement, and pressure threshold), complex regional pain syndrome (elevated temperature is paralleled by swelling and pain, temperature elevation of the hand after radius fracture after plaster removal predicts typical X-ray changes), thoracic outlet syndrome (high correlation of the region of paresthesia and low temperature readings), muscular inactivity, acute stage of Herpes zoster and Raynaud's phenomenon. Thermal imaging is of little value for the assessment of disability in patients with knee pain and of questionable value in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome or fibromyalgia. Painful tendon insertions or acupuncture points on the auricle cannot be detected by thermal imaging. Temperature signs in epicondylitis, complex regional pain syndrome and thoracic outlet can be successfully used for treatment monitoring. This might be also the case in radiotherapy of malignant breast disease. Infrared thermography, performed immediately after physical exercise can help to identify activated muscles. The value of thermal imaging for monitoring patients with lymphedema remains questionable. Temperature signs in epicondylitis, complex regional pain syndrome and thoracic outlet can be successfully used for treatment monitoring. This might be also the case in radiotherapy of malignant breast disease. Infrared thermography, performed immediately after physical exercise can help to identify activated muscles. The value of thermal imaging for monitoring patients with lymphedema remains questionable. On the other hand as a result of these studies, it became quite clear that the heat regulatory system is connected with other regulation systems of the body. Many of these influence the perfusion of vessels, which can result in temperature changes on the surface. In addition to the circulation system, pain and muscle function are the most important links to temperature regulation. Therefore any change or therapeutic modification of these systems might be seen on thermal images.
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Qureshi, Muhammad Shakeel. "Integrated front-end analog circuits for mems sensors in ultrasound imaging and optical grating based microphone." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29613.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Hasler, Paul; Committee Co-Chair: Degertekin, Levent; Committee Member: Anderson, David; Committee Member: Ayazi, Farrokh; Committee Member: Brand, Oliver; Committee Member: Hesketh, Peter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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McPhillips, Rachael. "Fabrication of ultrasound transducers and arrays integrated within needles for imaging guidance and diagnosis." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/741bf40f-6b2b-4e16-bf89-5b180ed5d67e.
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As opposed to current Intraoperative Ultrasound (IOUS) systems and their relatively large probes and limited superficial high frequency imaging, the use of a biopsy needle with an integrated transducer that is capable of minimally invasive and high-resolution ultrasound imaging is proposed. Such a design would overcome the compromise between resolution and penetration depth which is associated with the use of a probe on the skins surface. It is proposed that during interventional procedures, a transducer array positioned at the tip of a biopsy needle could provide real-time image guidance to the clinician with regards to the needle position within the tissue, and aid in the safe navigation of needles towards a particular target such as a tumour in tissues such as the breast, brain or liver, at which point decisions surrounding diagnosis or treatment via in vivo tissue characterisation could be made. With this objective, challenges exist in the manufacturing these miniature scale devices and theirincorporation into needle packages. The reliable realisation of miniature ultrasound transducer arrays on fine-scale piezoelectric composites, and establishing interconnects to these devices which also fit into suitably sized biopsy needles are two such hurdles. In this thesis, the fabrication of miniature 15 MHz ultrasound transducers is presented. The first stage of development involved the production of single element transducers in needles ~2 mm inner diameter, using various piezoelectric materials as the active material. These devices were tested andcharacterised, and the expertise developed during their fabrication was used as the foundation upon which to design a wafer-scale fabrication process for the production of multiple 15 MHz transducer arrays. This process resulted in a 16 element 15 MHz array connected to a flexible printed circuit board and integrated into a breast biopsy needle. Characterisation tests demonstrated functionality of each of the 16 elements, both individually and combined as an array. To explore potential applications for these devices, the single element transducers were tested in fresh and Thiel embalmed cadaveric brain tissue. Plasticine targets were embedded in these brain models and the needle transducers were tested as navigational real-time imaging tools to detect these targets within the brain tissue. The results demonstrated feasibility of such devices to determine the location of the target as the needle devices were advanced or withdrawn from the tissue, showing promise for future devices enabling neurosurgical guidance of interventional tools in the brain. The application of breast imaging was also considered. Firstly, Thiel embalmed cadaveric breasts were assessed as viable breast models for ultrasound imaging. Following this, anatomical features, with diagnostic significance in relation to breast cancer i.e. axillary lymph nodes and milk ducts, were imaged using a range of ultrasound frequencies (6 – 40 MHz). This was carried out to determinepotential design parameters (i.e. operational frequency) of an interventional transducer in a biopsy needle probe which would best visualise these features and aid current breast imaging and diagnosis procedures.
Books on the topic "Diagnostic imaging. eng"
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C, Srivastava Suresh, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for imaging and therapy. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
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Diagnostic ultrasound: Principles and instruments. 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders, 2006.
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Diagnostic ultrasound: Principles and instruments. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders, 1998.
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Diagnostic ultrasound: Principles and instruments. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1993.
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Kremkau, Frederick W. Diagnostic ultrasound: Principles, instruments, and exercises. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1989.
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Capture, Canada Image Generation and. Report of Working Group 2, Medical Imaging Technology Roadmap. Ottawa, Ont: Industry Canada, 2001.
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Heffez, Leslie B. Imaging atlas of the temporomandibular joint. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
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Burns, Marvin. The U.S. market for refurbished diagnostic imaging equipment: Recent sales trends and competitive challenges, sales and market share by manufacturer, industry and end-user analysis, technological assessment and market forecasts. Portsmouth, RI: Second Source Publications, 1993.
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T, Albanese Craig, Esposito Ciro, Fujioka Masayuki, MacKinlay Gordon A, Rollins Nancy, Schier F, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Pediatric Surgical Diseases: A Radiologic Surgical Case Study Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.
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M, Judd Robert, and Kim Raymond J, eds. Cardiovascular MRI in practice: A teaching file approach. London: Springer, 2008.
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Esmaeilzadeh, Soheil, Dimitrios Ioannis Belivanis, Kilian M. Pohl, and Ehsan Adeli. "End-To-End Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Biomarker Identification." In Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, 337–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00919-9_39.
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Wang, Ke, Xuan Zhang, Haoxi Zhong, and Ting Chen. "Automatic Diagnosis with 12-Lead ECG Signals." In Machine Learning and Medical Engineering for Cardiovascular Health and Intravascular Imaging and Computer Assisted Stenting, 28–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33327-0_4.
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Adams, Andrea C. "Diagnostic Tests." In Mayo Clinic Essential Neurology, 42–62. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190206895.003.0002.
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The diagnostic tests used most often to evaluate patients who have disease of the central nervous system (CNS) include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials, electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests should be used to supplement or to extend the clinical examination.
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Yilmaz, Ali, and Anca Florian. "Myocarditis: imaging techniques." In ESC CardioMed, 1521–24. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0367_update_001.
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The clinical presentation of myocarditis is multifaceted and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes as well as biomarkers tend to be non-specific. Therefore, the diagnosis of myocarditis can be challenging and should be based on an integrated approach including patient history, physical examination, non-invasive tests such as ECG and serum biomarkers, and non-invasive cardiac imaging. As myocarditis may lead to global ventricular dysfunction, regional wall motion abnormalities, and/or diastolic dysfunction, echocardiography should be routinely performed. However, hallmarks of acute myocarditis comprise structural changes such as cardiomyocyte swelling, an increase in extracellular space and water content, accumulation of inflammatory cells, potential necrosis or apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and myocardial remodelling with fibrotic tissue replacement that can be depicted by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Nuclear techniques are still not routinely recommended for the work-up of myocarditis—with the possible exception of suspected sarcoidosis—due to limited data, limited diagnostic specificity, limited availability, and risk from radiation exposure. This chapter focuses on those non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques that are used in daily clinical practice for work-up of suspected myocarditis. However, as research continues and novel imaging techniques become available, it is hoped that even more accurate and timely diagnosis of myocarditis will be possible in the near future.
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Hyafil, Fabien, Dominique Le Guludec, and Oliver Gaemperli. "Endocarditis and device infection." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Philipp Kaufmann, 603–5. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0127.
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The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is often challenging and based on careful integration of clinical, microbiological, and imaging findings. The classical diagnostic scores (e.g. Duke criteria) have drawbacks as they leave clinicians with a considerable number of uncertain cases, in which further management is unclear and important therapeutic actions possibly delayed. Transoesophageal echocardiography is the preferred imaging technique for the diagnosis of IE as it can visualize valvular vegetations and paravalvular complications with high accuracy. However, transoesophageal echocardiography has limitations in the case of device-associated endocarditis (i.e. prosthetic valve (PVE) or cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection). Radionuclide imaging techniques using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) or white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography (WBC SPECT) are accurate techniques to pick-up inflammatory cells. They have shown incremental diagnostic value for detecting PVE and CIED infection. Adding computed tomography angiography allows accurate co-registration of inflammatory signal and anatomical structure, and improves the detection of paravalvular complications such as abscesses or pseudoaneurysms. Current European Society of Cardiology guidelines have recently adopted the use of FDG PET/CT or WBC SPECT/CT in their recommendations for the work-up of suspected or uncertain PVE.
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Provan, Drew. "Rheumatology." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, edited by Drew Provan, 741–64. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766537.003.0012.
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This chapter examines the role of investigations in diagnosis, assessing disease activity, and monitoring treatment in rheumatic disease. It reviews the relevance of haematology and biochemistry tests in clinical context, including differential diagnosis of anaemia and cytopenia which may reflect the disease process, co-morbidity, or adverse drug effects. Bone biochemistry and markers are also described. Autoantibodies are important in diagnosis and prognosis in rheumatology. Interpretation of rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), antiphospholipid antibodies, and also HLA-B27 is discussed. Arthrocentesis is a technique specific to rheumatology, and neurophysiology is useful in distinguishing neurological versus inflammatory muscle disease, in addition to nerve entrapment syndromes and neuropathies. The chapter also introduces the use of diagnostic imaging and early identification of inflammatory arthritis, including X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), nuclear medicine bone scintigraphy, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
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Walker, Christopher M. "Volume Loss." In Chest Imaging, 85–87. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199858064.003.0015.
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Atelectasis is one of the most frequently encountered imaging abnormalities on chest radiography and CT, with different implications when detected in hospitalized patients as compared to those encountered in the outpatient setting. Bedridden and postoperative patients often have a dependent type of atelectasis, whereas lobar atelectasis detected in an outpatient is often a harbinger of underlying malignancy (e.g. lung cancer). Medical malpractice cases are sometimes based on the missed diagnosis of lung cancer manifesting as atelectasis and misinterpreted by a radiologist. It is imperative that radiologists be familiar with the direct and indirect imaging signs of atelectasis, as well as the classic patterns of lobar atelectasis. Specific signs of lobar atelectasis will be described including the S sign of Golden and the luftsichel sign. A confident knowledge of lung anatomy, particularly with regard to hilar anatomy and the normal appearance of mediastinal contours and the interlobar fissures, will enable the radiologist to confidently diagnose atelectasis and narrow the differential diagnostic considerations.
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Little, Brent P., and Travis S. Henry. "Atelectasis, Pneumonia, and Aspiration." In Chest Imaging, 71–76. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199858064.003.0013.
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Atelectasis and pneumonia are commonly encountered in the inpatient setting, particularly in the intensive care units (ICUs) where patients are intubated and seriously ill, and often subject to variety of co-morbidities. The two entities are often confused as they have overlapping imaging appearances and may coexist. Atelectasis represents incomplete expansion of the lung parenchyma, with associated loss of volume –whereas pneumonia is an infection of the parenchyma and not typically associated with volume loss. Recognition of the characteristic imaging findings of these diseases allows a confident diagnosis to be made in many cases, and a helpful differential diagnosis to be offered in others. Clues to lobar or total lung atelectasis include volume loss, mediastinal shift, fissural and hilar displacement, and a homogeneous opacity with straight borders obscuring adjacent structures (e.g., hemidiaphragm or heart border). Pneumonia may manifest with many different patterns – often nonspecific for a given organism; however, the pattern may help to narrow the differential diagnostic considerations. Aspiration most commonly manifests with dependent centrilobular nodules and/or consolidation. Chest radiographs may change rapidly in patients affected by aspiration or the more severe forms of atelectasis (i.e. lobar or whole lung) and the patient’s symptoms typically change just as rapidly, frequently developing hypoxemia and respiratory distress. While atelectasis in the inpatient setting is a common finding, outpatients who present with lobar atelectasis should be suspected to have an obstructing tumor until proven otherwise (except for patients with CF or asthma).
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Page, Alex, Moeen Hassanalieragh, Tolga Soyata, Mehmet K. Aktas, Burak Kantarci, and Silvana Andreescu. "Conceptualizing a Real-Time Remote Cardiac Health Monitoring System." In Medical Imaging, 160–93. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0571-6.ch007.
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In today's technology, even leading medical institutions diagnose their cardiac patients through ECG recordings obtained at healthcare organizations (HCO), which are costly to obtain and may miss significant clinically-relevant information. Existing long-term patient monitoring systems (e.g., Holter monitors) provide limited information about the evolution of deadly cardiac conditions and lack interactivity in case there is a sudden degradation in the patient's health condition. A standardized and scalable system does not currently exist to monitor an expanding set of patient vitals that a doctor can prescribe to monitor. The design of such a system will translate to significant healthcare savings as well as drastic improvements in diagnostic accuracy. In this chapter, we will propose a concept system for real-time remote cardiac health monitoring, based on available and emerging technologies today. We will analyze the details of such a system from acquisition to visualization of medical data.
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Soydemir, Melih, and Devrim Unay. "Context-Aware Medical Image Retrieval for Improved Dementia Diagnosis." In Intelligent Multimedia Technologies for Networking Applications, 434–48. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2833-5.ch018.
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Progress in medical imaging technology together with the increasing demand for confirming a diagnostic decision with objective, repeatable, and reliable measures for improved healthcare have multiplied the number of digital medical images that need to be processed, stored, managed, and searched. Comparison of multiple patients, their pathologies, and progresses by using image search systems may largely contribute to improved diagnosis and education of medical students and residents. Supporting image content information with contextual knowledge will lead to increased reliability, robustness, and accuracy in search results. To this end, the authors present an image search system that permits search by a multitude of image features (content), and demographics, patient’s medical history, clinical data, and ontologies (context). Moreover, they validate the system’s added value in dementia diagnosis via evaluations on publicly available image databases.
Conference papers on the topic "Diagnostic imaging. eng"
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Frederking, T., and R. Gadow. "Novel Concept for Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) Using Siemens Bus System and WinCC Online Control." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0963.
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Abstract Total quality management requires definite process control as well as online diagnostics, if applied in industrial surface refinement by thermal spraying. A concept for integrated online diagnostics for the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) flame spray process is presented using Siemens S7-300 programmable logic controller and PC-based Siemens WinCC (Windows Control Center) visualization software. The standard functionality of the WinCC programming environment can be extended by C-scripts. The integrated database allows to protocol the relevant process parameters periodically for total quality assurance. Also particle flux imaging software tools can be implemented to adjust online process parameters and for process diagnostic purposes. The Siemens bus system hierarchy thereby provides high speed communication skills for field bus level data exchange and for supervising system components, e.g. CCD-cameras. The interconnection between S7-300 PLC, 6-axis-robot and a novel WinCC software tool enables definite automatic changes of recipes during the coating process to generate functionally graded coatings.
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Carter, Campbell D., Jeffrey M. Donbar, and Gregory S. Elliott. "Development and Application of Laser Diagnostics for Reacting and Nonreacting Flows at Wright-Patterson AFB." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33156.
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Over the past few years, we have developed and applied a wide range of laser-diagnostic techniques to an equally wide range of complex flowfields at Wright-Patterson AFB. Our guiding principle in these efforts has been to employ laser-based tools to further our understanding of turbulent flames, so that in the end we improve combustor performance (e.g., thrust, emissions, etc.). We have primarily focused on three areas for development (though our areas of application have been much broader): 1) combined planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle-image velocimetry, 2) planar Doppler velocimetry, and 3) filtered Rayleigh scattering. Each of these is a powerful imaging diagnostic technique that allows the study of complex turbulent flowfields. We discuss these tools in the context of their application to turbulent flows as well as future diagnostic development.
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Klein, Almar, Luuk J. Oostveen, Marcel J. W. Greuter, Yvonne Hoogeveen, Leo J. Schultze Kool, Cornelis H. Slump, and W. Klaas Jan Renema. "Diagnostic quality of time-averaged ECG-gated CT data." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Ehsan Samei and Jiang Hsieh. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.807271.
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Satriano, Alessandro, Simone Rivolo, and Elena S. Di Martino. "A Feature-Based Morphing Methodology for In-Vivo Strain Assessment in Biological Structures." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14820.
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It is often important, for diagnostic purposes, to evaluate quantitatively the motion undergone by a biological structure, starting from a viable tomographic imaging technique, such as Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance (MR). This is often associated with the need of the clinical personnel to perform an evaluation of a risk factor associated with pathology, e.g. ventricle performance [1]. As of today, the problem has been approached by using the magnetic resonance (MR) tagging technique [2] or experimentally by determining the location of a series of surgically implanted markers in each temporal phase [3]. The latter procedure is naturally very invasive, while MR tagging requires the use of sophisticated MR sequences that are rarely employed in standard care. Multi-detector row computer tomography (CT) scanners (routinely used in cardiac pathology diagnosis) as well as routine cine-MR sequences, on the other hand, allow dynamic imaging of the heart and large vessels with cardiac gating. In order to exploit these dynamic sequences, we have developed a tag-less method to estimate local strains from dynamic tomography gated images.
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Li, Danyu, Timothy B. Morgan, Luke D. Pulfer, and Theodore J. Heindel. "Visualizing Near-Field Spray Characteristics With Broadband X-Rays." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69088.
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Liquid sprays play a key role in many engineering processes (e.g., food processing, coating and painting, 3D printing, fire suppression, agricultural production, combustion systems, etc.). Spray characteristics can easily be assessed in the mid- and far-field regions, well after liquid sheet breakup and droplet formation, using various optical/laser diagnostic techniques. The conditions in the near-field region, near the spray nozzle exit, can influence mid- and far-field characteristics; however, near-field measurements are extremely challenging because the spray in this region is typically optically dense and optical/laser diagnostics are ineffective in this region. This study presents the advantages and challenges of using broadband X-rays to characterize the near-field region of a spray. A generic spiral jet hollow cone spray nozzle is used to demonstrate near-field spray imaging for three different flow conditions. Radiographic movies of the spray show a very dynamic near-field region. X-ray computed tomography (CT) reconstructions of the spray display a 3D map of the time-average spray distribution. The two X-ray imaging modes provide qualitative information of the near-field spray region. A discussion of the quantitative measures that can be acquired from X-ray radiographs and CT images is provided.
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Hendabadi, Sahar, Juan C. del Alamo, and Shawn C. Shadden. "Healthy vs Diseased Transport and Mixing in the Human Left Ventricle." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80788.
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It has become increasingly clear that the dynamics of the left ventricle (LV) plays a major role in dictating overall cardiac health. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI) and Doppler-ultrasound echocardiography can measure flow characteristics inside the human left ventricle in vivo, including diagnostic data useful for evaluating pathological conditions such as cardiomyopathies. Studying these flow patterns is a potential avenue for heart failure diagnosis. Traditional studies based on Eulerian measures computed from instantaneous velocity data, e.g. streamlines, vorticity, Q-criterion, etc., can be insufficient or unreliable to fully understand unsteady blood flow behavior. We used the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) approach to compute Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) to gain insight into how blood is transported inside the LV. LCS can be thought of as special moving boundaries in the flow that partition regions with different dynamics, and whose coordinated motion organizes transport and mixing.
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Snaauw, Gerard, Dong Gong, Gabriel Maicas, Anton van den Hengel, Wiro J. Niessen, Johan Verjans, and Gustavo Carneiro. "End-To-End Diagnosis And Segmentation Learning From Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging." In 2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759276.
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Sari-Sarraf, Hamed, Shaun S. Gleason, and Robert M. Nishikawa. "Front-end data reduction in computer-aided diagnosis of mammograms: a pilot study." In Medical Imaging '99, edited by Kenneth M. Hanson. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.348556.
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Bidaut, Luc. "Multimodality and Advanced Biomedical Imaging for Clinical and Research Applications." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13314.
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Driven in particular by the availability of ever more refined imaging modalities — such as faster and higher resolution CT and MR, or hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT — and by a marked increase in computing power, advanced biomedical imaging — e.g. through its multidimensional and multimodal paradigms — is taking an ever bigger place in both research and clinical routine, and for both diagnostic applications and therapy management. While human modalities are widely publicized, there is a similar plethora of imaging systems for small animals, which permits relatively fast translation of successful image-based protocols from research evaluation to the clinic. Because of their characteristics and the need for more detailed information about normal vs. diseased tissues, modern modalities produce huge amounts of information and images. The only way to digest these is through advanced paradigms that combine or reduce the complexity of the information so that it can be interpreted by normal human beings. This presentation will introduce techniques and research or clinical applications of advanced imaging for both animals and humans.
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Lan, R., F. Campana, J. H. Catherine, U. Ordioni, and D. Tardivo. "Nouvelles techniques d’aide au diagnostic des lésions pré-cancéreuses et cancéreuses de la cavité orale : revue systématique et résultats préliminaires." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206602018.
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Introduction : Récemment, de nombreuses techniques d’aide au diagnostic des lésions potentiellement malignes ou malignes de la cavité orale ont vu le jour (autofluorescence, spectroscopie, analyse cytologique microscopique, Narrow Band Imaging ...) sans jamais apporter la preuve scientifique de leurs intérêts, en complément ou en remplacement de l’examen histologique. De nombreuses études ont également été menées afin de comparer ces nouvelles techniques en comparaison avec l’examen visuel direct dans la détection précoce des transformations malignes. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de présenter les résultats préliminaires d’une revue systématique réalisée afin d’évaluer la performance diagnostique de ces nouvelles techniques en comparaison à la biopsie dans le diagnostic des lésions pré-cancéreuses et cancéreuses de la cavité orale. Matériels et méthodes : En novembre 2017, une revue systématique de la littérature portant sur les nouvelles techniques d’aide au diagnostic des lésions de la muqueuse buccale a été réalisée, basée sur la méthode PRISMA et dont la méthodologie du protocole a été déposé pour enregistrement sur la plateforme Prospero. Les bases de données Pubmed et Science Direct, la collection Web of Science et la librairie Cochrane ont été consultées (2000-2017). Après le retrait des doublons, les titres et les résumés d’articles potentiellement pertinents seront examinés par deux évaluateurs indépendants selon les critères d’inclusion suivants : articles en anglais, articles originaux ou suivies de cas clinique sur la cavité orale. Les ≪ lettres aux éditeurs ≫ et les études chez l’animal seront exclues. Résultats attendus : De par leurs hétérogénéités, biais, faibles puissances et niveaux de preuves insuffisants, aucune recherche n’a pu à ce jour être jugée suffisamment acceptable pour mettre en évidence un réel intérêt de ces techniques en comparaison à l’examen histologique ou visuel, que ce soit dans le dépistage ou le diagnostic des lésions potentiellement cancéreuses ou cancéreuses de la cavité orale. En revanche, certaines techniques prometteuses, comme le Narrow Band Imaging, paraissent prometteuses comme aide dans l’identification de zones cibles à la biopsie et des marges chirurgicales. Discussion et conclusion : De par leurs manques de spécificités et sensibilités, les dernières techniques d’aide au diagnostic ne permettent remplacer l’examen visuel direct et la palpation digitale, référence de l’inspection de la muqueuse buccale dans le dépistage des lésions potentiellement maligne de la cavité orale ni la biopsie, gold standard de l’établissement de diagnostic d’une pathologie de la muqueuse buccale. De nouvelles études, aux méthodologies appropriées sont encore nécessaires pour affirmer l’intérêt réel de ces techniques dans l’identification de zones cibles à la biopsie et des marges chirurgicales. Les cancers de la cavité orale, de mauvais pronostic et dont la détection précoce est insuffisante, est une priorité de santé publique qui devrait amener à voir l’émergence de nouvelles techniques plus performantes.