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Journal articles on the topic 'Diagnostic label'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Miller-Spoto, Marcia, and Sara P. Gombatto. "Diagnostic Labels Assigned to Patients With Orthopedic Conditions and the Influence of the Label on Selection of Interventions: A Qualitative Study of Orthopaedic Clinical Specialists." Physical Therapy 94, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 776–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130244.

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Background A variety of diagnostic classification systems are used by physical therapists, but little information about how therapists assign diagnostic labels and how the labels are used to direct intervention is available. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the diagnostic labels assigned to patient problems by physical therapists who are board-certified Orthopaedic Clinical Specialists (OCSs) and (2) to determine whether the label influences selection of interventions. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Methods Two written cases were developed for patients with low back and shoulder pain. A survey was used to evaluate the diagnostic label assigned and the interventions considered important for each case. The cases and survey were sent to therapists who are board-certified OCSs. Respondents assigned a diagnostic label and rated the importance of intervention categories for each case. Each diagnostic label was coded based on the construct it represented. Percentage responses for each diagnostic label code and intervention category were calculated. Relative importance of intervention category based on diagnostic label was examined. Results For the low back pain and shoulder pain cases, respectively, “Combination” (48.5%, 34.9%) and “Pathology/Pathophysiology” (32.7%, 57.3%) diagnostic labels were most common. Strengthening (85.9%, 98.1%), stretching (86.8%, 84.9%), neuromuscular re-education (87.6%, 93.4%), functional training (91.4%, 88.6%), and mobilization/manipulation (85.1%, 86.8%) were considered the most important interventions. Relative importance of interventions did not differ based on diagnostic label (χ2=0.050–1.263, P=.261–.824). Limitations The low response rate may limit the generalizability of the findings. Also, examples provided for labels may have influenced responses, and some of the label codes may have represented overlapping constructs. Conclusions There is little consistency with which OCS therapists assign diagnostic labels, and the label does not seem to influence selection of interventions.

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del Mar Montoya-Rodríguez, Mª, and Francisco-Javier Molina-Cobos. "Stigmatizing effects of psychological diagnosis in children." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 7, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1989/ejihpe.v7i1.194.

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Despite the known advantages of the classification of psychological disorders, using formal diagnostic could reduce a story of life and way of behaving to a mere diagnostic label, becoming a tautological explanation that ignores the true explanation of the problem and adds iatrogenic functions and stigmatizing. The present study assesses the influence of diagnostic labels in the performance of psychologists who evaluate the intelligence of a group of children. The Goodenough Test is used for instrumental reasons. The different drawings of a human figure, made by children with standardized psychological development, were labeled as if having been drawn by children with mental retardation, giftedness and normal development. The results show that evaluators, unaware of the falsity of the diagnoses, score the drawings differentially depending on the diagnostic label used. That is, the results evidence the negative influence of a diagnostic label about expectations and treatment to the person diagnosed.

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del Mar Montoya-Rodríguez, Mª, and Francisco-Javier Molina-Cobos. "Stigmatizing effects of psychological diagnosis in children." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 7, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe7010004.

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Despite the known advantages of the classification of psychological disorders, using formal diagnostic could reduce a story of life and way of behaving to a mere diagnostic label, becoming a tautological explanation that ignores the true explanation of the problem and adds iatrogenic functions and stigmatizing. The present study assesses the influence of diagnostic labels in the performance of psychologists who evaluate the intelligence of a group of children. The Goodenough Test is used for instrumental reasons. The different drawings of a human figure, made by children with standardized psychological development, were labeled as if having been drawn by children with mental retardation, giftedness and normal development. The results show that evaluators, unaware of the falsity of the diagnoses, score the drawings differentially depending on the diagnostic label used. That is, the results evidence the negative influence of a diagnostic label about expectations and treatment to the person diagnosed.

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4

HADLER, N. M. "Is fibromyalgia a useful diagnostic label?" Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 63, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.63.2.85.

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5

Jones, R., K. Barraclough, and C. Dowrick. "When no diagnostic label is applied." BMJ 340, may25 2 (May 25, 2010): c2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2683.

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Lam, Danny C. K., Elena V. Poplavskaya, Paul M. Salkovskis, Lorna I. Hogg, and Holly Panting. "An experimental Investigation of the Impact of Personality Disorder Diagnosis on Clinicians: Can We See Past the Borderline?" Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 3 (August 25, 2015): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465815000351.

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Background: There is concern that diagnostic labels for psychiatric disorders may invoke damaging stigma, stereotypes and misunderstanding. Aims: This study investigated clinicians’ reactions to diagnostic labelling by examining their positive and negative reactions to the label borderline personality disorder (BPD). Method: Mental health professionals (n = 265) viewed a videotape of a patient suffering from panic disorder and agoraphobia undergoing assessment. Prior to viewing the videotape, participants were randomly allocated to one of three conditions and were given the following information about the patient: (a) general background information; (b) additional descriptive information about behaviour corresponding to BPD; and (c) additional descriptive information about behaviour corresponding to BPD, but explicitly adding BPD as a possible comorbid diagnostic label. All participants were then asked to note things they had seen in the videotape that made them feel optimistic or pessimistic about treatment outcome. Results: Participants in the group that were explicitly informed that the patient had a BPD diagnostic label reported significantly fewer reasons to be optimistic than the other two groups. Conclusions: Diagnostic labels may negatively impact on clinicians’ judgments and perceptions of individuals and therefore clinicians should think carefully about whether, and how, they use diagnoses and efforts should be made to destigmatize diagnostic terms.

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Powell, C. V. E., and H. R. Jenkins. "Toddler diarrhoea: is it a useful diagnostic label?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, no. 1 (August 9, 2011): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2010.191825.

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8

Lokhov, Petr G., Oxana P. Trifonova, Dmitry L. Maslov, and Elena E. Balashova. "In Situ Mass Spectrometry Diagnostics of Impaired Glucose Tolerance Using Label-Free Metabolomic Signature." Diagnostics 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121052.

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In metabolomics, mass spectrometry is used to detect a large number of low-molecular substances in a single analysis. Such a capacity could have direct application in disease diagnostics. However, it is challenging because of the analysis complexity, and the search for a way to simplify it while maintaining the diagnostic capability is an urgent task. It has been proposed to use the metabolomic signature without complex data processing (mass peak detection, alignment, normalization, and identification of substances, as well as any complex statistical analysis) to make the analysis more simple and rapid. Methods: A label-free approach was implemented in the metabolomic signature, which makes the measurement of the actual or conditional concentrations unnecessary, uses only mass peak relations, and minimizes mass spectra processing. The approach was tested on the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Results: The label-free metabolic signature demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy for IGT equal to 88% (specificity 85%, sensitivity 90%, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.91), which is considered to be a good quality for diagnostics. Conclusions: It is possible to compile label-free signatures for diseases that allow for diagnosing the disease in situ, i.e., right at the mass spectrometer without complex data processing. This achievement makes all mass spectrometers potentially versatile diagnostic devices and accelerates the introduction of metabolomics into medicine.

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9

Dryer, Rachel, Michael J. Kiernan, and Graham A. Tyson. "The Effects of Diagnostic Labelling on the Implicit Theories of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Held by Health Professionals." Behaviour Change 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.23.3.177.

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AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most recent diagnostic label used to describe a behavioural condition of which the essential features are developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and overactivity. ADHD has attracted both controversy and attention from the professional and scientific community. However, little is known regarding the explanatory models (implicit theories) of health professionals or of their beliefs regarding the treatment of this condition, specifically the impact of diagnostic labelling on their decisions concerning treatment. This study manipulated the presence versus absence of the diagnostic label ‘ADHD’ in a vignette study describing the symptoms of this condition. The vignette was presented to professionals in the educational, mental health and allied health fields. After reading the vignette, participants were required to complete a questionnaire examining implicit beliefs concerning ADHD. The results confirmed that the presence of the diagnostic label (ADHD) changed the causal explanations by professional groups. However, the presence of the diagnostic label did not significantly change the beliefs about the optimal treatment strategy for this condition.

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&NA;. "Whatʼs the Least-Offensive Diagnostic Label for Unexplained Symptoms?" Lippincott's Bone and Joint Newsletter 9, no. 2 (February 2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01300517-200302000-00003.

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11

Burr, M. L. "Change in use of asthma as a diagnostic label." BMJ 299, no. 6708 (November 4, 1989): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6708.1166-a.

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Rapp, Bastian E., Friederike J. Gruhl, and Kerstin Länge. "Biosensors with label-free detection designed for diagnostic applications." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 398, no. 6 (June 19, 2010): 2403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3906-2.

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13

Howe, Lorna, Anna Tickle, and Ian Brown. "‘Schizophrenia is a dirty word’: service users' experiences of receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia." Psychiatric Bulletin 38, no. 4 (August 2014): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.045179.

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Aims and methodTo explore service users' experiences of receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia and the stigma associated with the diagnostic label. Seven participants were interviewed about their perceptions of these experiences. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsFive superordinate themes resulted from the analysis: (1) avoidance of the diagnosis of schizophrenia; (2) stigma and diagnostic labels; (3) lack of understanding of schizophrenia; (4) managing stigma to maintain normality; (5) being ‘schizophrenic’. These, together with their subthemes, highlighted avoidance of the term schizophrenia by participants and use of alternative terms by professionals, which limited opportunities for understanding the label and challenging associated stigma. Participants strived to maintain normality despite potential stigma.Clinical implicationsThere is a need to address the process of giving a diagnosis as a phenomenon of consequence within its own terms. Implications relate to how professionals deliver and discuss the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

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14

Bassman, Ronald. "Label Jars Not People." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 3 (May 23, 2018): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167818777841.

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A commentary on the article, Can There Be a Recovery-Oriented Diagnostic Practice examines both the positive and negative consequences of this alternative to diagnosis. The importance and efficacy of collaboration is emphasized along with a critical exploration of the inequality of influence and power inherent in the professional–client relationship. Contextual problems in the relationship, regarding differing motivations and their effect on collaboration are discussed. The key question: Can there be genuine collaboration, when the diagnosis or any form of naming will become a strong determinant in a client’s life course

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Andryukov, Boris G., Natalya N. Besednova, Roman V. Romashko, Tatyana S. Zaporozhets, and Timofey A. Efimov. "Label-Free Biosensors for Laboratory-Based Diagnostics of Infections: Current Achievements and New Trends." Biosensors 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10020011.

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Infections pose a serious global public health problem and are a major cause of premature mortality worldwide. One of the most challenging objectives faced by modern medicine is timely and accurate laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases. Being a key factor of timely initiation and success of treatment, it may potentially provide reduction in incidence of a disease, as well as prevent outbreak and spread of dangerous epidemics. The traditional methods of laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases are quite time- and labor-consuming, require expensive equipment and qualified personnel, which restricts their use in case of limited resources. Over the past six decades, diagnostic technologies based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) have been and remain true alternatives to modern laboratory analyzers and have been successfully used to quickly detect molecular ligands in biosubstrates to diagnose many infectious diseases and septic conditions. These devices are considered as simplified formats of modern biosensors. Recent advances in the development of label-free biosensor technologies have made them promising diagnostic tools that combine rapid pathogen indication, simplicity, user-friendliness, operational efficiency, accuracy, and cost effectiveness, with a trend towards creation of portable platforms. These qualities exceed the generally accepted standards of microbiological and immunological diagnostics and open up a broad range of applications of these analytical systems in clinical practice immediately at the site of medical care (point-of-care concept, POC). A great variety of modern nanoarchitectonics of biosensors are based on the use of a broad range of analytical and constructive strategies and identification of various regulatory and functional molecular markers associated with infectious bacterial pathogens. Resolution of the existing biosensing issues will provide rapid development of diagnostic biotechnologies.

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16

Knopf, Alison. "Diagnostic ‘label’ less stigmatizing than depressive behavior to teen peers." Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 33, no. 8 (July 25, 2017): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30233.

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17

Wakelin, Rachel, and Peter Oakes. "Clinicians’ perceptions of the Bipolar Disorder diagnosis: a Q-study." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 15, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-08-2018-0045.

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Purpose Research indicates that the diagnostic label of Bipolar Disorder is being both over and under-used in mental health services. Disagreement between clinicians in how the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder is perceived and how the label is used can make it difficult to establish and uphold consistent care. This may lead to the experience of negative emotions for service users and poor engagement with intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore whether clinicians do hold different perceptions of the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder, with the view of providing insight into how this may impact service provision. Design/methodology/approach Q-methodology was used to investigate the subjective viewpoints of 19 clinicians from mental health community teams supporting individuals with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder. The completed Q-sorts were subject to analysis using Q-methodology analysis software. Findings Three main factors representing the viewpoints of participants were identified: seeing the person and their experience, promoting quality through standardised processes and understanding the function of diagnostic labels. All three factors agreed that more than one assessment appointment should be required before a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder was given and that the focus should be on the difficulties experienced rather than the diagnostic label. Originality/value These three viewpoints provide different perspectives of the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder, which are likely to impact on service provision. Services may benefit from a better integration of the viewpoints, noting the important functions of each viewpoint and being guided by individuals’ needs.

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Alston, Sara. "Moving beyond the label: Needs not diagnosis…" SecEd 2021, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2021.1.34.

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For many parents and too many professionals, the diagnosis is seen as a magic answer and the solution to a child's difficulties – but it is not. Sara Alston discusses the risks involving diagnostic labels and looks at how we must provide SEN support based on need

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Hamilton, David, and Aphrodite Zoitas. "The Social Validity of Interventions for Promoting Preschool Children's Peer Interactions." Behaviour Change 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.20.4.208.29380.

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AbstractThis analogue study investigated the social validity of classroom interventions designed to promote peer interactions in young children. The influences of child characteristics and diagnostic labels on social validity ratings were examined, as were the relationships among three components of social validity. Forty-two preschool teachers completed a 15-item social validity scale that yielded scores pertaining to intervention goals, procedures and effects. Participants rated three types of intervention, which varied according to individuals targeted and intensity of programming procedures, with reference to one of three case descriptions of children with social interaction problems. Half the participants were provided with the child's diagnostic label. Results indicated that social validity is affected by interactions between intervention methods and child characteristics. The inclusion of diagnostic labels in the case descriptions had no effect on social validity ratings. Strong positive relationships were found among the components of social validity. Implications for the use of empirically validated interventions in inclusive preschools are discussed.

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Boulton, Tiffany. "Nothing and Everything: Fibromyalgia as a Diagnosis of Exclusion and Inclusion." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 6 (October 8, 2018): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318804509.

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The diagnostic process promises a label that validates patients’ embodied experiences and a road map for living with and treating illness. Drawing on 31 qualitative interviews with women and men in Canada and the United Kingdom who have been diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM), in this article, I examine the participants’ experiences of the diagnostic process and how they feel about receiving this label. The interviews reflect that the FM label is plagued by uncertainty because the diagnosis is based on the absence of verifiable pathology. The respondents’ narratives also reveal that FM is a vague diagnosis that includes a multitude of symptoms, overlaps with several other diagnoses, and results in feelings of doubt regarding whether it is the correct label. Thus, the participants’ narratives reflect that the FM diagnosis is largely an empty promise because it fails to provide definitive answers or confer meaning and legitimacy to their illness experiences.

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Matsunaga, Asami, and Toshinori Kitamura. "The effects of symptoms, diagnostic labels, and education in psychiatry on the stigmatization towards schizophrenia: a questionnaire survey among a lay population in Japan." Mental Illness 8, no. 1 (May 18, 2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2016.6344.

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This questionnaire survey was conducted to study the determinants of stigmatization toward schizophrenia in Japan. A total of 1003 persons living in Kumamoto Prefecture (mean age 25.5; SD=14.1) participated in this study through convenience sampling. They read one of four case vignettes about a person with mental illness and answered questions about their attitudes toward the case. Vignettes varied in terms of descriptions of symptoms (schizophrenia vs. depression) and presentation of the diagnostic label of schizophrenia (yes or no). A path analysis was performed to examine the effects of symptoms, diagnostic label, experience of education in psychiatry, and demographic features on stigmatizing attitudes. Results showed that schizophrenic symptoms, diagnostic label of schizophrenia, and experience of education in psychiatry were significantly associated with stigmatization toward the case. Interaction terms of these variables did not show significant association with stigmatization. These results highlight the importance of optimizing education techniques about mental illness so as to avoid cultivating stigmatizing attitudes toward schizophrenia.

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Posthuma-Trumpie, Geertruida A., Jan H. Wichers, Marjo Koets, Luciënne B. J. M. Berendsen, and Aart van Amerongen. "Amorphous carbon nanoparticles: a versatile label for rapid diagnostic (immuno)assays." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 402, no. 2 (September 9, 2011): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5340-5.

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Homonoff, Zoe, and Mark J. Sciutto. "The effects of obsession type and diagnostic label on OCD stigma." Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 23 (October 2019): 100484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2019.100484.

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Cheung, Rebecca Y. M., Winnie W. S. Mak, Pui Shan Tsang, and Joseph T. F. Lau. "Stigma of psychosis: Do diagnostic label, symptom manifestation, and gender matter?" American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 88, no. 5 (2018): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ort0000315.

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Van Den Brink, W. J., H. J. M. A. A. Zijlmans, L. P. Kok, P. Bolhuis, H. H. Volkers, M. E. Boon, and H. J. Houthoff. "Microwave irradiation in label-detection for diagnostic DNA-in situ hybridization." Histochemical Journal 22, no. 6-7 (June 1990): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01003165.

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Baldwin, David S., and Nick Kosky. "Off-label prescribing in psychiatric practice." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 13, no. 6 (November 2007): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.004184.

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Drug treatment is an essential part of much of psychiatric practice, in patients from a wide age range, across many diagnostic groups and in a variety of settings. Despite the availability of many classes of psychotropic drug, significant numbers of patients remain troubled by distressing and disabling symptoms even after a succession of licensed pharmacological treatments. Psychiatrists may then consider the prescription of a psychotropic outside the narrow terms of its licence, as part of an overall management plan. This article reviews the nature and extent of this aspect of prescribing, outlines when it may be appropriate and makes recommendations for a suggested procedure when prescribing medication ‘off-label’.

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Duffy, James, Francesco Padovani, Giulio Brunetti, Peter Noy, Ulrich Certa, and Martin Hegner. "Towards personalised rapid label free miRNA detection for cancer and liver injury diagnostics in cell lysates and blood based samples." Nanoscale 10, no. 26 (2018): 12797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr03604g.

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Chatterjee, Debolina, Danielle S. Mansfield, and Adam T. Woolley. "Microfluidic devices for label-free and non-instrumented quantitation of unamplified nucleic acids by flow distance measurement." Anal. Methods 6, no. 20 (2014): 8173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay01845a.

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Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza, and Karl Drlica. "Fluoroquinolones as imaging agents for bacterial infection." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 42 (2017): 14452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt01189j.

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30

Eadie, Tanya L., Reyhaneh Rajabzadeh, Derek D. Isetti, Martin T. Nevdahl, and Carolyn R. Baylor. "The Effect of Information and Severity on Perception of Speakers With Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-15-0191.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of severity of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) and information about it on unfamiliar listeners' attitudes about speakers' personal characteristics, perceived vocal effort, and listener comfort on the basis of ratings of speech recordings.MethodFifteen women with ADSD and 5 controls provided speech samples. Forty-five unfamiliar listeners were randomized into 3 groups. Listeners in Group 1 received no information, listeners in Group 2 were told that some speakers had voice disorders or had no voice concerns, and listeners in Group 3 were provided diagnostic labels for each speaker and information about ADSD. Listeners then rated speech samples for attitudes, perceived vocal effort, and listener comfort.ResultsSpeakers with ADSD were judged significantly worse than controls for attitudes related to “social desirability” and “intellect.” There was no effect of severity on “personality” attributes. However, provision of a diagnostic label resulted in significantly more favorable personality ratings than when no label was provided. Perceived vocal effort and comfort became significantly more negative as ADSD severity increased. Finally, most listener ratings were unaffected by provision of additional information about ADSD.ConclusionsListeners' perceptions about speakers with ADSD are difficult to change. Directions for counseling and public education need future study.

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Lewis, Aaran T., Riana Gaifulina, Naomi J. Guppy, Martin Isabelle, Jennifer Dorney, Gavin R. Lloyd, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Catherine Kendall, Nicholas Stone, and Geraint M. Thomas. "Developing Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for label-free antigen detection." Journal of Biophotonics 11, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): e201700028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201700028.

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Huebner, E. Scott. "The Effects of Prior Special Education Placement and Current Test Data on School Psychologists' Decisions." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 5, no. 1 (July 1989): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957358900500107.

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This study investigated the possible biasing effects of prior special education involvement (and associated diagnostic label) and current psychoeducational test data on 82 school psychologists' prognostic, diagnostic, and placement decisions for a case study child. The findings indicated that the school psychologists' decisions were not influenced by the child's prior special education placement but were influenced by current psychological test results. School psychologists who reevaluated a child who had been previously placed in a resource program for learning disabled students, but who currently demonstrated normal academic functioning, were likely to re-classify the child as non-handicapped and recommend return to regular class programs. The findings suggested that school psychologists are not biased by knowledge of previous special program involvement and diagnostic label and that individual psychological test data may act to minimize potential bias effects.

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Attique, Isma, Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Amjad, Khalida Nazir, and Muhammad Shahid Nazir. "The Therapeutic and Diagnostic Value of Fluorine." Scientific Inquiry and Review 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.41.02.

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Fluorine has a useful positron transmitting isotope and it enjoys broad application in the medical field. It is utilized in fluorinated agents,therapeutic sciences and steroid field. Fluorine incorporation viafluoroalkylation is a useful approach in the development of new functional materials and in drug design. Fluorine also plays its role as an anticancer agent and is a successful chemotherapeutic agent for certain sorts of malignant growth. 5-fluorouracil plays a vital role in the treatment of cancer. 18 Facts as a radio label tracer atom in PET imaging. 19 F has the second most sensitive and stable NMR-active nucleus.

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Calvo-Lozano, Olalla, Anna Aviñó, Vicente Friaza, Alfonso Medina-Escuela, César S. Huertas, Enrique J. Calderón, Ramón Eritja, and Laura M. Lechuga. "Fast and Accurate Pneumocystis Pneumonia Diagnosis in Human Samples Using a Label-Free Plasmonic Biosensor." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061246.

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Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus responsible for human Pneumocystis pneumonia, one of the most severe infections encountered in immunodepressed individuals. The diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia continues to be challenging due to the absence of specific symptoms in infected patients. Moreover, the standard diagnostic method employed for its diagnosis involves mainly PCR-based techniques, which besides being highly specific and sensitive, require specialized personnel and equipment and are time-consuming. Our aim is to demonstrate an optical biosensor methodology based on surface plasmon resonance to perform such diagnostics in an efficient and decentralized scheme. The biosensor methodology employs poly-purine reverse-Hoogsteen hairpin probes for the detection of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtLSU rRNA) gene, related to P. jirovecii detection. The biosensor device performs a real-time and label-free identification of the mtLSU rRNA gene with excellent selectivity and reproducibility, achieving limits of detection of around 2.11 nM. A preliminary evaluation of clinical samples showed rapid, label-free and specific identification of P. jirovecii in human lung fluids such as bronchoalveolar lavages or nasopharyngeal aspirates. These results offer a door for the future deployment of a sensitive diagnostic tool for fast, direct and selective detection of Pneumocystis pneumonia disease.

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Liu, Guo-Ping, Jian-Jun Yan, Yi-Qin Wang, Jing-Jing Fu, Zhao-Xia Xu, Rui Guo, and Peng Qian. "Application of Multilabel Learning Using the Relevant Feature for Each Label in Chronic Gastritis Syndrome Diagnosis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/135387.

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Background. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), most of the algorithms are used to solve problems of syndrome diagnosis that only focus on one syndrome, that is, single label learning. However, in clinical practice, patients may simultaneously have more than one syndrome, which has its own symptoms (signs).Methods. We employed a multilabel learning using the relevant feature for each label (REAL) algorithm to construct a syndrome diagnostic model for chronic gastritis (CG) in TCM. REAL combines feature selection methods to select the significant symptoms (signs) of CG. The method was tested on 919 patients using the standard scale.Results. The highest prediction accuracy was achieved when 20 features were selected. The features selected with the information gain were more consistent with the TCM theory. The lowest average accuracy was 54% using multi-label neural networks (BP-MLL), whereas the highest was 82% using REAL for constructing the diagnostic model. For coverage, hamming loss, and ranking loss, the values obtained using the REAL algorithm were the lowest at 0.160, 0.142, and 0.177, respectively.Conclusion. REAL extracts the relevant symptoms (signs) for each syndrome and improves its recognition accuracy. Moreover, the studies will provide a reference for constructing syndrome diagnostic models and guide clinical practice.

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Rapaport, Robert, Jan M. Wit, and Martin O. Savage. "Growth failure: ‘idiopathic’ only after a detailed diagnostic evaluation." Endocrine Connections 10, no. 3 (March 2021): R125—R138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0585.

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The terms ‘idiopathic short stature’ (ISS) and ‘small for gestational age’ (SGA) were first used in the 1970s and 1980s. ISS described non-syndromic short children with undefined aetiology who did not have growth hormone (GH) deficiency, chromosomal defects, chronic illness, dysmorphic features or low birth weight. Despite originating in the pre-molecular era, ISS is still used as a diagnostic label today. The term ‘SGA’ was adopted by paediatric endocrinologists to describe children born with low birth weight and/or length, some of whom may experience lack of catch-up growth and present with short stature. GH treatment was approved by the FDA for short children born SGA in 2001, and by the EMA in 2003, and for the treatment of ISS in the US, but not Europe, in 2003. These approvals strengthened the terms ‘SGA’ and ‘ISS’ as clinical entities. While clinical and hormonal diagnostic techniques remain important, it is the emergence of genetic investigations that have led to numerous molecular discoveries in both ISS and SGA subjects. The primary message of this article is that the labels ISS and SGA are not definitive diagnoses. We propose that the three disciplines of clinical evaluation, hormonal investigation and genetic sequencing should have equal status in the hierarchy of short stature assessments and should complement each other to identify the true pathogenesis in poorly growing patients.

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WU, BAO, GUOGUANG RONG, JUNWEI ZHAO, SHULIN ZHANG, YONGXIN ZHU, and BOYONG HE. "A NANOSCALE POROUS SILICON MICROCAVITY BIOSENSOR FOR NOVEL LABEL-FREE TUBERCULOSIS ANTIGEN–ANTIBODY DETECTION." Nano 07, no. 06 (December 2012): 1250049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329201250049x.

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One third of the world population is estimated to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. It is urgent to develop a rapid, inexpensive and convenient diagnostic method for detection of tuberculosis. Porous silicon material has taken more and more attention in recent years for biosensing applications and some useful results have been obtained. In this paper, we report the feasibility of applying porous silicon microcavity biosensor in a novel and relatively rapid serodiagnostic approach. Nowadays, most of serodiagnostic tests are based on labeled detection. Applying label-free detection methods can help develop fast and efficient tuberculosis diagnostic tools, which can meet the current demand. In this study, we use this label-free sensing platform (i.e., porous silicon microcavity) to detect the interaction between 16 kDa antigen and anti-16 kDa antibody. Through a series of experiments, we verify the specificity and examine the sensitivity of this new diagnostic technique. The results show that it is feasible to apply porous silicon microcavity in the tests of tuberculosis.

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Norvell, Nancy, and Eileen Cooley. "Diagnostic Issues in Eating Disorders: Two Cases of Atypical Eating Disorder." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jg1a-8x1h-gvcg-ackm.

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Two cases with significant eating disturbances are described. Both possess several characteristic symptoms of anorexia but lack a primary drive for thinness or body image disturbances. Similarly, neither engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating which is typical of bulimia. The authors propose the differential diagnoses of atypical eating disorder rather than conversion disorder as a more descriptive and accurate diagnostic label.

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Vaillier, Clarisse, Thibault Honegger, Frédérique Kermarrec, Xavier Gidrol, and David Peyrade. "Label-Free Electric Monitoring of Human Cancer Cells as a Potential Diagnostic Tool." Analytical Chemistry 88, no. 18 (September 2016): 9022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01648.

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Fairbanks, Larry D., and Terry A. Stinnett. "Effects of professional group membership, intervention type, and diagnostic label on treatment acceptability." Psychology in the Schools 34, no. 4 (October 1997): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6807(199710)34:4<329::aid-pits4>3.0.co;2-g.

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Scatena, Elisa, Silvia Baiguera, and Costantino Del Gaudio. "Raman Spectroscopy and Aptamers for a Label-Free Approach: Diagnostic and Application Tools." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2815789.

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Raman spectroscopy is a powerful optical technique based on the inelastic scattering of incident light to assess the chemical composition of a sample, including biological ones. Medical diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy are constantly increasing to provide biochemical and structural information on several specimens, being not affected by water interference, and potentially avoiding the constraint of additional labelling procedures. New strategies have been recently developed to overcome some Raman limitations related, for instance, to the need to deal with an adequate quantity of the sample to perform a reliable analysis. In this regard, the use of metallic nanoparticles, the optimization of fiber optic probes, and other approaches can actually enhance the signal intensity compared to spontaneous Raman scattering. Moreover, to further increase the potential of this investigation technique, aptamers can be considered as a valuable means, being synthetic, short, single, or double-stranded oligonucleotides (RNAs or DNAs) that fold up into unique 3D structures to specifically bind to selected molecules, even at very low concentrations, and thus allowing an early diagnosis of a possible disease. Due to the paramount relevance of the topic, this review focuses on the main Raman spectroscopy techniques combined with aptamer arrays in the label-free mode, providing an overview on different applications to support healthcare management.

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Nguyen, Kim-Lien, Takegawa Yoshida, Nikhita Kathuria-Prakash, Islam H. Zaki, Csanad G. Varallyay, Scott I. Semple, Rola Saouaf, et al. "Multicenter Safety and Practice for Off-Label Diagnostic Use of Ferumoxytol in MRI." Radiology 293, no. 3 (December 2019): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019190477.

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Asch-Kendrick, Rebecca J., Shashi Shetty, John R. Goldblum, Rajni Sharma, Jonathan I. Epstein, Pedram Argani, and Ashley Cimino-Mathews. "A subset of fat-predominant angiomyolipomas label for MDM2 : a potential diagnostic pitfall." Human Pathology 57 (November 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2016.06.014.

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Bonifacio, Alois, Silvia Cervo, and Valter Sergo. "Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 407, no. 27 (May 3, 2015): 8265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8697-z.

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Claus, Rainer, Lisa Lutz, Hauke Busch, Leman Mehmed, Agnes Csanadi, Britta Weddeling, Ralph Fritsch, et al. "Implementation of a Molecular Tumor Board in Clinical Decision Making at the Medical Center University of Freiburg." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3579.3579.

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Abstract Introduction: In-depth knowledge about molecular pathogenesis of malignant diseases and rapidly increasing availability of targeted treatment options enables molecularly guided decision-making. We have established a Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) that focuses on patient management based on specific molecular data at the individual patient level. Methods: The MTB has its main focus on hematologic and solid neoplasias progressing during standard treatment, on rare entities and on patients with treatment resistance. The biweekly MTB supports the work of organ-specific boards and external cooperation partners. The MTB multidisciplinary team consists of expert physicians from Hematology, Medical Oncology, Gynecology, Dermatology, Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology as well as Pathology, Molecular biology, Computational Biology and Genetics. Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations are based on customized diagnostics and a case-by-case literature review. Recommendations are communicated back to the treating physician. Results: In the first year after implementation of the MTB, a total of 92 pts have been discussed in 155 case discussions during 25 MTB meetings. Referred patient cases covered the entire range of malignancies seen by the organ-specific boards including hematologic malignancies. 132 diagnostic recommendations were made in 80/92 (87%) pts, including IHC, ISH or panel sequencing with diagnostic reporting (n=96/72 pts) and exome, genome, transcriptome and/or methylome analysis (n=24/22 pts.). 43 treatment recommendations were made in 39/92 (42%) pts with an implementation rate of 47% (20/43 recommendations in 19/39 pts). Treatment recommendations mainly comprised off-label antibody and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy (40%) and trial inclusions (28%). Major reasons for non-adherence to recommendations included patient will, death of pts and medical reasons. Objective responses were observed in 5/19 (26%) pts to TKI in- and off-label and antibody off-label treatments. Disease stabilization was achieved in 3/19 (16%) pts. Specifically, the use of PD-(L)1 inhibiting antibodies was suggested in 13 cases (11 off-label) and implemented in 6 cases. Here, 2/6 pts responded or exhibited stable disease upon PD-(L1) blockage. Conclusion: Implementation of a Molecular Tumor Board serves as an interdisciplinary platform for integrating comprehensive molecular data sets as predictive biomarkers in molecular guided, individualized patient care. Our experience demonstrates that individualized treatment recommendation is feasible and effective for a substantial proportion of patients in challenging clinical situations. Disclosures Claus: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Funding.

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Scior, Katrina, Theresa Connolly, and Janice Williams. "The Effects of Symptom Recognition and Diagnostic Labels on Public Beliefs, Emotional Reactions, and Stigmas Associated with Intellectual Disability." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 118, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-118.3.211.

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Abstract Labels are firmly rejected by the disability rights movement, yet the complex effects of labeling on lay beliefs are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of labeling on the general public's reactions to people with intellectual disabilities. A sample of 1,233 adult members of the UK general population were randomly presented with either a diagnostically labeled or unlabeled case vignette, and their emotional reactions, causal beliefs, and social distance were assessed. Providing a label reduced social distance, increased biomedical attributions, and had a small positive direct effect on emotional reactions. Making a diagnosis of mild intellectual disability known may prevent misattribution to more stigmatizing causes and thus reduce social distance. Some undesirable effects were observed though on causal beliefs and associated emotional reactions.

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Khan, Munezza A., Mohammad Mujahid, Say Chye Joachim Loo, and Vidya N. Chamundeswari. "Nanophotonics based label free detection mechanism for real-time monitoring of interleukin-6." Nanoscale 12, no. 16 (2020): 9194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01151g.

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Roche, Philip J. R., Sandrine Filion-Côté, Maurice C. K. Cheung, Vamsy P. Chodavarapu, and Andrew G. Kirk. "A Camera Phone Localised Surface Plasmon Biosensing Platform towards Low-Cost Label-Free Diagnostic Testing." Journal of Sensors 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/406425.

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Developmental work towards a camera phone diagnostic platform applying localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) label-free sensing is presented. The application of spherical gold nanoparticles and nanorods are considered and assessed against ease of application, sensitivity, and practicality for a sensor for the detection of CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2). The sensitivity of the platform is compared with that of a commercial UV/Vis spectrometer. The sensitivity of the camera phone platform is found to be 30% less than that of the commercial system for an equivalent incubation time, but approaches that of the commercial system as incubation time increases. This suggests that the application of LSPR sensing on a portable camera phone devices may be a highly effective label-free approach for point-of-care use as a low-cost diagnostic sensing tool in environments where dedicated equipment is not available.

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Cicchi, Riccardo, and Francesco Saverio Pavone. "Multimodal nonlinear microscopy: A powerful label-free method for supporting standard diagnostics on biological tissues." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 07, no. 05 (September 2014): 1330008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545813300085.

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The large use of nonlinear laser scanning microscopy in the past decade paved the way for potential clinical application of this imaging technique. Modern nonlinear microscopy techniques offer promising label-free solutions to improve diagnostic performances on tissues. In particular, the combination of multiple nonlinear imaging techniques in the same microscope allows integrating morphological with functional information in a morpho-functional scheme. Such approach provides a high-resolution label-free alternative to both histological and immunohistochemical examination of tissues and is becoming increasingly popular among the clinical community. Nevertheless, several technical improvements, including automatic scanning and image analysis, are required before the technique represents a standard diagnostic method. In this review paper, we highlight the capabilities of multimodal nonlinear microscopy for tissue imaging, by providing various examples on colon, arterial and skin tissues. The comparison between images acquired using multimodal nonlinear microscopy and histology shows a good agreement between the two methods. The results demonstrate that multimodal nonlinear microscopy is a powerful label-free alternative to standard histopathological methods and has the potential to find a stable place in the clinical setting in the near future.

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Rait, Greta, Kate Walters, Mark Griffin, Marta Buszewicz, Irene Petersen, and Irwin Nazareth. "Recent trends in the incidence of recorded depression in primary care." British Journal of Psychiatry 195, no. 6 (December 2009): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.058636.

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BackgroundThere is a paucity of data describing how general practitioners (GPs) label or record depression.AimsTo determine incidence and sociodemographic variation in GP-recorded depression diagnoses and depressive symptoms.MethodAnnual incidence rates calculated using data from 298 UK general practices between 1996 and 2006, adjusted for year of diagnosis, gender, age and deprivation.ResultsIncidence of diagnosed depression fell from 22.5 to 14.0 per 1000 person-years at risk (PYAR) from 1996 to 2006. The incidence of depressive symptoms rose threefold from 5.1 to 15.5 per 1000 PYAR. Combined incidence of diagnoses and symptoms remained stable. Diagnosed depression and symptoms were more common in women and in more deprived areas.ConclusionsDepression recorded by general practitioners has lower incidence rates than depression recorded in epidemiological studies, although there are similar associations with gender and deprivation. General practitioners increasingly use symptoms rather than diagnostic labels to categorise people's illnesses. Studies using standardised diagnostic instruments may not be easily comparable with clinical practice.

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