Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diagnostic par résonance magnétique'
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Trillaud, Hervé. "Imagerie fonctionnelle du rein par résonance magnétique." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28439.
Full textWagner, Mathilde. "Carcinome hépatocellulaire : diagnostic et caractérisation par imagerie par résonance magnétique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC101.
Full textImaging allows HCC diagnosis without histological examination in case of typical imaging appearance (association of hypervascularization and washout). However this appearance is not sensitive for the diagnosis of early HCC. We showed the potential of functional imaging for characterization of nodules in the cirrhotic liver. In a rat model of multinodular cirrhosis, the diffusion MRI technique with oscillating gradients (OGSE), performed ex vivo, showed potential for identification of high grade dysplastic nodules and well differentiated HCC. The classic diffusion technique with pulsed gradients (PGSE) was able to separate HCC according to histological grade. The viscoelastic properties of HCC, evaluated by magnetic resonance elastrography in the same rat model and in patients, are different from those of the cirrhotic liver. The increase of loss modulus in HCC only in vivo suggests the importance of perfusion in determining mecanical properties. We have also shown that the delayed venous phase allowed superior washout detection compared to the portal venous phase in HCC explored by MRI. The inter-observer agreement was moderate. Finally, we have shown that viable tumor regions within liver tumors could be differentiated from fibrotic and necrotic regions by measuring the pure diffusion coefficient D, but not the apparent diffusion coefficient ADC, suggesting the applicability of D in tumor characterization and monitoring after treatment
Lartigue, Stéphane Pierre Serge. "Ostéo-arthrite pubienne chez un sportif : apport de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M090.
Full textSurcin, Benoît. "Apport de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique dans le diagnostic de l'embolie pulmonaire aiguë." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23048.
Full textMarteau, Jean-Marie. "Apport de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique dans le diagnostic des dysfonctions cranio-mandibulaires." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2OND2.
Full textTizón-Marcos, Helena. "Trabeculated myocardium in healthy adults : a first step in understanding the diagnosis of non-compaction cardiomyopathy by magnetic resonance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23705.
Full textNon-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare entity that is currently diagnosed for the most part by echocardiography in cases of an increased layer of trabeculated myocardium. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became the gold standard imaging technique in the study of cardiac function and morphology due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. However, diagnostic NCC criteria developped for echocardiography have been directly applied to MRI in the abscence of a standard definition of trabeculated myocardium. This direct application of echocardiography criteria to MRI may have led to an increased incidence of new NCC cases. The aim of this present work is to clarify clinical practice by determining normality by MRI in terms of presence and distribution of trabeculated myocardium in healthy adults and determine if any association exist between the presence and extension of trabeculated myocardium and cardiac function.
Yapo, Paulette. "Evaluation de méthodes rapides d'imagerie par résonance magnétique quantitative : application à la sclérose en plaques." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR3306.
Full textDelzescaux, Thierry. "Recalage de séquences d'images pour l'étude de la perfusion myocardique en imagerie par résonance magnétique." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0124.
Full textWith the advent of ultra-fast MRI, it is now possible to assess non-invasively regional myocardial perfusion with multislice coverage and sub-second temporal resolution. First-pass contrast enhanced stidies are acquired with ECG-triggering and breath holding. Nevertheless, some respiratory induced movements still remain. Myocardial perfusion can be assessed locally by parametric imaging methods such as Factor Analysis of Medical Image Sequence (FAMIS), provided that residual motion can be corrected. An a posteriori registration method implemented in the image domain is proposed. It is based on an adaptive registration model of the heart combining three elementary shapes (left ventricle, right ventricle and pericardium). The registration procedure is performed on a potential mapa derived from the distant map. To evaluate the quality of the registration procedure a superimposition score between the registration model and the contour automatically extracted in the sequence is proposed. Rigid transformation hypotheses and registration analysis provide an efficient and automatic method which allows the rejection of outlier images, such as : out of synchronisation images, out of plane acquisitions. When compared to a manual registration method, this approach reduces processing time and requires a minimal intervention from the operator. The proposed method performs registration with a subpixel accuracy. The parameters of the method have been optimised on simulated data. The proposed post-processing has been successfully applide without any modification to clinical data (rest, stress) including 13 patients and one multi-slice examination. It should facilitate the use of MR first-pass perfusion stidies in clinical pratice
Pèlegrin, André. "Immunodétection de tumeur chez la souris : essai d'agents de contraste en imagerie par résonance magnétique couplés à des vecteurs immunologiques." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON13507.
Full textTrillaud, Hervé. "Distribution intrarénale des nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer en imagerie par résonance magnétique." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23022.
Full textMetenier, Corinne. "Apports de l'imagerie moderne dans le diagnostic et le traitement de l'ostéome ostéoïde." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11048.
Full textBenbelaïd, Radhia. "Intérêt de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique dans le diagnostic des dysfonctionnements discaux de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112228.
Full textThe aim of this study was to quantify the mobility of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc with a new method using magnetic resonance images (MRI). Twenty nine sagittal MRI of 16 subjects, 8 asymptomatic volunteers and 8 subjects with anterior disc-displacement, were carried out during controlled opening from intercuspal position up to an opening of 25mm. Selected sections were analyzed with a graphic computerized system of coordinates. The total surface area (TS) of disc section was separated into anterior surface area (AS) and posterior surface area. Areas were determined by computer. The hypothesis : AS/TS ratio was an indicator of disc-condyle relationships. The reliability of AS/TS ratio index was evaluated using the non parametric Wilcoxon test (p<0. 05). AS/TS ratio sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were calculated closed mouth, 5mm opened and 25mm opened mouth. Regression analysis showed significant relationship between openings and AS/TS ratio (r2=0. 88). Best sensitivity (Se=0. 63) and specificity (Sp=0. 81) were obtained if the radiological diagnosis issued from both closed and 25mm opened mouth. Lower sensitivity was observed if the radiological diagnosis issued only from either measurements, closed mouth (Se=0. 54) or 25mm opened mouth (Se=0. 18). Lower specificity was observed with 5mm opened mouth (Sp=0. 68). Conclusion: AS/TS ratio evaluated disc-condyle relationships on opening. MRI showed a low sensitivity to identify anterior disc-displacement with reduction. The interest of this method was the radiological diagnosis of hypomobile articular disc
Brémond-Gignac, Dominique. "Croissance du globe oculaire du fœtus et de l'enfant en imagerie par résonance magnétique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05S028.
Full textLavoie, Pascale. "Mesure de performance de l'angiographie par résonance magnétique pour diagnostiquer les résidus anévrismaux après une embolisation cérébrale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28566/28566.pdf.
Full textGhiss, Moncef. "Dégénérescence discale et outils de diagnostics : couplage d'un modèle osmotico-mécanique et d'imagerie de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4334.
Full textDisc diseases are major public health problem in industrialized countries where they affect a large proportion of the population. Disc degeneration (DD) is considered to be one of the leading causes of pain consultation and sick leave in France. This study is an attempt to diagnose DD and more generally an assessment of the functionality and viability of the InterVertebral Disc (IVD). The IVD is an heterogeneous cartilage, that ensures rachis mobility and optimal stress redistribution between vertebrae. These two main properties are linked to the hydric content and the presence of proteoglycans (PG) which decline in a natural process throughout life. This degenerative process is in some case accelerated, leading to the Degenerative Disc Diseases (DDD) or troubles. Several studies have shown the importance of the water content of the disc on its biomechanical behavior. The aims of our study are:1. to follow with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the variation in morphology and hydration under mechanical stress,2. to follow with a numerical model, the changes in mechanical parameters such as stiffness, Poisson's ratio and the intrinsic permeability of the IVD.The post-processing on Magnetic Resonance (MR) data allowed reconstructing the 3D deformation under a known mechanical load and deducing the porosity of the disc. The results obtained are conform with the literature and the adopted behavior adheres perfectly with the experimental data. This study demonstrates also, the ability to calculate the mechanical parameters of an IVD, providing precious information to understand the mechanical behaviour and hence judge the viability of the IVD
Naggara, Olivier. "Physiopathologie et diagnostic des dissections des artères cervico-encéphaliques : contribution de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique de la paroi artérielle." Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S014.
Full textStroke is a common and serious disorder, the leading cause of death and disability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a major actor for diagnosis, treatment decision and physiopathological comprehension of vascular disorders. Therefore, an active research attempt to optimize MR diagnosis and prognosis contribution in the most common stroke etiologies, such as atherosclerosis, or cervical artery dissection (CAD). Cervical arterial dissection is the most frequent cause of stroke in young adults, accounting for nearly 20% of the cases. MRI has become the reference method for evaluating patients who are suspected of having CAD, by using cervical axial T1- weighted images with fat suppression and cervical contrast-enhanced MR angiography. This method allows clinicians to almost completely forego invasive digital subtraction angiography. However, an early and reliable identification of acute CAD might be impaired (limited spatial resolution, tortuous anatomy, thick bone and adjacent veins). In this work, we firstly hypothesized that standard brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could allow the early détection of CAD of the upper portion of carotid and vertébral arteries. Nearly 75% of CAD were included within the field of view of brain MRI and more than three-quarters of such acute CAD could be diagnosed using brain MRI only. Stroke brain MRI can allow early detection of carotid artery dissection, before dedicated imaging of the cervical arteries is performed. Although the absence of mural hematoma does not completely rule out CAD, stroke brain MRI can contribute to a better and earlier identification of stroke patients that are suitable candidates for anticoagulation treatment or revascularization therapy. Secondly, we evaluated the added value of high resolution MRI (HR-MRI) for the diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection (VAD). The emergence of high-resolution rapid imaging methods has enabled magnetic resonance imagers to noninvasively image the fine internal structure of cervical arterial walls, with a high in plane resolution (500μ x 500μ). If HR-MRI can be used to identify the major components of atherosclerotic plaque, that is, the lipid core, mural hemorrhage, calcifications, and the fibrous cap, this technique can also be routinely used for the diagnosis of dissection or inflammatory arterial disease. In patients referred with suspected VAD dissection, it is not rare for the initial DUS and standard fat-suppressed T1-WI to be inconclusive. VAD then remains presumptive and treatment is initiated without a definite diagnosis. In patients with a high suspicion of VAD and discordant or doubtful baseline DUS and MRI findings, our results encourage the use of HR-MRI as a second-line screening, particularly because the distinction between the vertebral artery wall and perivertebral venous structures is easily made. Thirdly, using HR-MRI we searched for evidence of peri-arterial inflammation in spontaneous CAD. Based on previously used criteria to distinguish between traumatic (tCAD) and spontaneous CAD (sCAD), we found that sCAD patients were more likely to present biological inflammation, a history of recent infection, and multiple dissections. We have also shown that symptomatic spontaneous CAD with mural hematoma is more frequently associated with the presence of peri arterial edema compared to traumatic mural hematoma. Interestingly, the radiological findings of peri arterial edema are similar to those observed in inflammatory diseases, such as Takayasu’s disease and giant cell arteritis. This study indicates that imaging and biological markers of inflammation are associated with sCAD. Further investigations with more specific inflammatory markers are warranted to corroborate the role of inflammation in sCAD. Both standard and high resolution MRI of the wall of cervical arteries, non invasive and multiparametric tools, can be successfully performed in the clinical setting in cervical artery dissection and provide innovative strategies for patient care
Le, Bastard Eric. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique du cancer de la prostate localisé : corrélations histopathologiques à propos de 13 prostatectomies totales." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23034.
Full textFall, Sidy. "Apport de l'analyse spectrale du signal BOLD à l'étude de la connectivité fonctionnelle en imagerie par résonnance magnétique." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED012.
Full textBivariate spectral analysis of fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) time-series that we have developed and which has allowed us to investigate the brain functional connectivity. Conversely to standard temporal methods, the study of covariance structure between signals, within the frequency domain, can permit to overcome regional differences in the physiological noise, intra and inter subject variability of BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependant) response. With a non parametric estimation of the cross-spectral density function, we have estimated spectral parameters of phase and coherence between BOLD signals (regions). Confidence limits associated to these parameters have also been estimated. The interactivity between two regions was accessed through coherence and a topological distance (functional distance). Partial coherence has been also investigated to study a possible effect of modulation induced by a third region over two functionally connected regions and engaged in the task. We have applied this method of functional connectivity to specific circuits of three motor regions. A preparation and execution motor task has been performed. The main results of this study showed that the BOLD signal in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) leads both the SMA-proper and the primary motor cortex (M1) during the preparation period. During this period, the strength of interaction between the coupling pre-SMA/M1 was significantly higher than the strength of interaction between the coupling SMA-proper/M1. Inversely, during the execution period of the task, the strength of interaction between the coupling SMA-proper/M1 was significantly higher than the strength of interaction between the coupling pre-SMA/M1. The analysis of the partial coherence has showed a significant common influence of the superior frontal gyrus on the relationship between pre-SMA and M1 regions during the preparation period. Spectral analysis with fMRI data has been successfully used to investigate the functional connectivity in the human brain
Mesrob, Lilia. "Etude IRM individuelle et multimodale dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066770.
Full textBorderies, Hélène. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux complexes de Gd vectorisés à partir de dérivés du PIB pour le diagnostic précoce par IRM de la maladie d'Alzeihmer." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0581.
Full textWith the aim of developing a novel kinetically and thermodynamically stable amphiphilic IRM contrast agent with high relaxivity, a Gd PCTA-[12] (3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9. 3. 1]- pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-3,6,9-triacetic acid) derivative bearing a dodecyl chain as lipophilic moiety has been prepared in eight steps with 15 % overall yield, from commercially available starting materials. This Gd(III) complex is able of self-organization by forming micelles in aqueous solution with a relatively low critical micellar concentration (CMC), about 0. 17 mM at 37 °C and 20 MHz. 1H-Relaxometric measurement were carried out in aqueous solution without and in presence of various anions in order to approach physiological conditions, and in seronorm to evaluate HSA interactions. From monomer to micellar form, the T1-relaxivity of an aqueous solution of the Gd(III) complex increased from 16 to 33 mM 1. S-1 at 37 °C and 20 MHz, that is high values compared to these previously described for others Gd(III) complexes. RMND studies were also carried out. Then, eight new IRM Gd PCTA-[12] derivatives contrast agents vectorized by PIB (N methyl-2-(4-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole) derivatives were amyloïd plaques, a pathologicalsynthesized and evaluated for imaging feature appearing in the first stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Two of them were found to have, in competition with radioiodinated SB 13 ligand ((E)-4-(4-(methylamino)styryl) phenol), moderate affinity for aggregates, with Ki = 39 and 186 nM. 1H-Relaxometric 24-1[bêta]synthetic A measurement were carried out for one of them. A high T1-relaxivity (10. 7 mM-1. S-1) value was obtained compared to those described for Gd PCTA (5. 4 mM-1. S-1) at 37 °C and 20 MHz
Levilly, Sébastien. "Quantification de biomarqueurs hémodynamiques en imagerie cardiovasculaire par résonance magnétique de flux 4D." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0007.
Full textIn cardiovascular imaging, a biomarker is quantitative information correlated with an existing or growing cardiovascular pathology. Biomarkers are generally obtained by anatomy and blood flow imaging. Recently, the 4D Flow MRI sequence opened new opportunities in measuring the blood flow within a 3D volume along the cardiac cycle. However, this sequence is a compromise between signalto-noise ratio, resolution and acquisition time. Allocated time being limited, velocity measurements are noisy and low resolution. In that context, biomarkers' quantification is challenging. This thesis's purpose is to enhance biomarkers' quantification and particularly for the wall shear stress (WSS). Two strategies have been investigated to reach that objective. A first solution allowing the spatiotemporal filtering of the velocity field has been proposed. It revealed the importance of the wall for the velocity field modelization. A second approach, being the major contribution of this work, focused on the design of a WSS quantification algorithm. This algorithm, named PaLMA, is based on the local modelization of the wall to build a velocity model near a point of interest. The WSS is computed from the velocity model. This algorithm embeds an a posteriori regularization step to improve the WSS quantification. Besides, a blurring model of 4D Flow MRI is used for the first time in the WSS quantification context. Finally, this algorithm has been validated over synthetic datasets, with carotids' complex flows, concerning the signal-to-noise ratio, the resolution, and the segmentation. The performances of PaLMA are superior to a reference solution in that domain, within a clinical routine context
Vernouillet, Serge. "Apport de l'IRM au diagnostic des adénomes hypophysaires corticotropes : à propos de 9 cas." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3018.
Full textHyafil, Fabien. "Imagerie non invasive de la plaque d'athérosclérose vulnérable : place de la médecine nucléaire, du scanner et de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077170.
Full textAcute coronary syndromes are often associated to rupture or erosion of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by their specific cellular and biological composition rather than by their impact on the vessel lumen. Identification of atherosclerotic plaques at risk of rupture with non invasive imaging techniques could be useful for risk stratification and early implementation of therapies aimed at plaque stabilization. In this work, we first describe the various histological and biological characteristics of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that will help to define potential targets for the different imaging techniques of vulnerable plaques. We then discuss the specific issues related to the development of radiotracers or contrast agents aimed at detecting biological activities in atherosclerotic plaques. We give a comprehensive overview of the current imaging techniques that allows for the detection of certain characteristics of vulnérable atherosclerotic plaques using scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, we describe the recent works that demonstrate the detection of specific biological activities present in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, such as increased phagocytosis of inflammatory cells, neoangiogenesis and high proteolytic activities, using novel contrast agents for CT and MRI
Marie, Hélène. "Magnétoliposomes pour le diagnostic et le traitement du glioblastome par vectorisation magnétique et hyperthermie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114834.
Full textFirst, the in vivo study on U87-glioblastoma bearing mice demonstrates the ability of magnetic targeting to accumulate magnetic-fluid-loaded liposomes (MFLs) into glioblastoma while sparing the rest of the healthy brain tissue. The enhancement of liposome local concentration by applying a magnetic field gradient produced by an external magnet is based on an amplified EPR effect (“enhanced permeation and retention” effect). The results were supported by combining several techniques (MRI, ESR, confocal fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy). The investigations concerning the mechanisms of transport of the magnetoliposomes to reach the tumor cells suggest a non-specific endocytose pathway, presumably macropinocytosis. Secondly, in the context of a therapeutic application by hyperthermia the heat capacity of MFLs was explored. The results showed that the thermal behaviour of the magnetoliposomes depends on the containment state of the iron oxide nanocrystals and is compatible with the conditions of hyperthermia treatment. Finally, as part of a study concerning the development of mechanically induced cancers, application of MFLs was extended to target another organ not yet studied: the colon. This work especially illustrates the potential and related limits of magnetic targeting towards an organ located in an inner region of the body
Achard-Lichere, Cécile. "Phlébographie par résonance magnétique indépendante du flux : techniques et perspectives dans le diagnostic non-invasif des thromboses veineuses profondes." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11094.
Full textDurand, Matthieu. "Imagerie expérimentale ex vivo de haute résolution à 7 tesla du cancer localisé de la prostate." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S015/document.
Full textProstate MRI at 1.5T or 3T is the best imaging modality for tumor detection. Weinvestigated high resolution MRI at 7T on prostate specimen tissue to improve spatialresolution and prostate cancer detection.First part of experiments consisted of setting up new imaging protocol with 7T MRI onex vivo prostatic tissue. Imaging was carried out on all or part of specimen from radicalprostatectomy of patients or prostate harvested from deceased organ donors.Collected data resulted in new protocol parameters for fast spin echo needed to yielda spatial resolution of 60 X 60 X 90 μm3. High spatial resolution imaging was used toidentify relevant morphological structures for characterization of the prostate gland andtumor as compared to histology.Second part of work was done with whole gland imaging at 7T of radical prostatectomyspecimens of patients. Imaging protocol was based on the outcomes from the first partof experiments and consisted in T2W with high resolution of 130 X130 X195 μm3,diffusion and ADC map. Two independent and blinded reviewers were in charge ofimaging quality assessment and tumor detection. Overall quality was great with goodagreement between the two reviewers. Correlation study for prostate cancer detectionwith the corresponding H&E was of 70%, 80%, 79% and 72% for sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value, respectively.We measured the resolution of 7T MRI of ex vivo prostatic tissue, and it’s benefits intumor detection. New semiology should be designed at 7T to improve theunderstanding of prostatic tissue in further experiments. In future, these findings canbe extrapolated to carry out in 7T MRI of in vivo prostate gland
Vanquin, Ludovic. "Biomarqueurs de la morphologie du cortex cérébral par imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) anatomique : application à la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30083/document.
Full textMorphological alterations of the cortical mantle in early stage of Alzheimer's disease have led to an increasing interest towards morphological biomarkers of the cerebral cortex. By providing a quantitative measure of the cortical shape, morphological biomarkers could provide better understanding of the impact of the disease on the cortical anatomy and play a role in early diagnosis. Therefore, as a primary goal in this study, we developed cortical surface curvature and fractal dimension estimation methods. We then applied those methods, together with the estimation of cortical thickness, to investigate the impact of Alzheimer's disease on the cortical shape as well as the contribution of cortical thickness and cortical curvature to the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The originality of this work lies in the estimation of sulcal and gyral curvature of the internal (gray matter/white matter boundary) and external (gray matter/cerebrospinal fluid boundary) cortical surfaces in addition to the fractal dimensions of these boundaries. Our results showed significant impact of Alzheimer's disease on sulcal and gyral shapes of the internal and external cortical surfaces. In addition, cortical thickness was found to have better ability than cortical curvature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; no significant ability for the early diagnosis was found using fractal dimension. However, we found significant improvement in early diagnosis by combining cortical thickness and cortical curvature
Dohan, Anthony. "Diagnostic, caractérisation et suivi de la carcinose péritonéale - Apports de l'imagerie fonctionnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC202/document.
Full textAssessment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) remains difficult and not well standardized. We have evaluated different techniques for monitoring CP using functional imaging, in order to better understand the microcirculation and the evolution of the disease, the value of various biomarkers available and we tries to establish methodology for functional multiparametric evaluation of the disease.We have established an orthotopic model of peritoneal pseudomyxoma (PMP). We have monitored the tumor perfusion by Doppler ultrasound of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and showed an increase in blood flow velocities in the SMA accompanying the development of the tumor, as well as a decrease of these flows in mice treated with bevacizumab.Then, we evaluated the microcirculation within the tumor itself. We have thus shown in the murine model of PMP and in a murine model of PC a good reproducibility of the measurement of the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient in the tumor as well as the microcirculation parameters extracted by the Intra-Voxel Incoherent Motion technique (IVIM) Using a HASTE magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence with standard clinical equipment at 1.5T. We then applied the IVIM method for the monitoring of anti-angiogenic (sorafenib) -treated mouse PMP.The combined application of these functional imaging methods, may allow to construct predictive and follow-up models in patients with PMP and to propose personalized therapeutic strategies very early in the evolution of the disease
Aubry, Le Manh Carole. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique obligatoire (IRMO) : réflexion sur la pratique des examens d'imagerie dans la lombalgie et la lombosciatique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23009.
Full textDousset, Vincent. "Imagerie par transfert de magnétisation : application in vivo à l'étude des tissus cérébraux normaux et à la caractérisation des lésions de sclérose en plaques et d'encéphalomyélyte allergique aiguë expérimentale." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23082.
Full textDestrieux, Christophe. "Établissement et validation d'un atlas anatomique informatisé du cortex cérébral humain étudié in vivo sur représentation déplissée." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3123/document.
Full textWe first present different methods used to describe the anatomy of the human cerebral cortex, and various coordinates systems. Then we comment the method we published for a fully automated parcellation of the cortical surface. It is described among various other techniques developed for the same purpose. Our method uses a bayesian approach to include several pieces of information in the labeling process : manual parcellation of 12 cortical surfaces, but also shape of the surface and anatomical classes of neighboring vertices. Finally, we comment the anatomical rules we proposed to parcellate the cortical surface in 74 anatomical classes per hemisphere. This parcellation can be used by the automated method we published, but also remains close enough to the anatomical conventions used in the neuroimaging field. We propose several improvements of the Terminologia Anatomica The software and the database are available and included in the FreeSurfer package (http : //surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/)
Guye, Maxime. "Imagerie spectroscopique, imagerie de diffusion et tractographie, dans les épilepsies partielles humaines caractérisées par stéréo-électroencéphalographie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20664.
Full textBelle, Valérie. "Le contraste en imagerie d'activation cérébrale chez l'homme par résonance magnétique nucléaire : aspects physiques et biophysiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10085.
Full textSironneau, Sandrine. "Corrélation fibrose pancréatique et signal IRM." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23043.
Full textConstans, Jean-Marc. "Intérêt du gadolinium dans les spondylodiscites infectieuses et dans leur suivi évolutif." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3028.
Full textZoula, Sonia. "Lipides mobiles détectés par spectroscopie RMN du proton dans un modèle de gliome intracérébral chez le rat : localisation, signification et intérêt pour le diagnostic des tumeurs cérébrales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE19001.
Full textMobile lipids have been detected by in vivo proton NMR spectroscopy (1H MRS) in several animal and human tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the location of mobile lipids in a model of rat glioma and to understand their interest and their meaning for the diagnosis of brain tumors. The measurement of mobile lipid diffusion coefficient showed that they are contained in large sized compartments compatible with lipid droplets (. . . ) The mobile lipid relaxation times T1 and T2 are relatively short. Finally we showed through an immunohistological study that apoptotic bodies can be found in the necrosis of tumors. This study allowed us to show that mobile lipid signal detected by in vivo 1H MRS in the model of rat glioma arises from lipid droplets related to severe hypoxia, necrosis, and apoptosis
Delmer, Olivia. "Intérêt de l'IRM dans le diagnostic des formes atypiques de Pseudotumor Cerebri." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23031.
Full textHamant-Fayeulle, Valérie. "Apport de l'IRM dans le diagnostic des tumeurs bénignes du foie : étude rétrospective à propos de 78 dossiers." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUEM073.
Full textLaharie, David. "Diagnostic d'un nodule hépatique sur cirrhose : imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire ou tomodensitométrie hélicoi͏̈dale? Etude de 87 nodules chez 34 malades transplantés." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23063.
Full textCavailles, Matthieu. "Design innovant de matrices polarisantes pour le diagnostic précoce du cancer par IRM." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1204/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD project was to develop a new methodology allowing to immobilize paramagnetic species on mesoporous silica in order to optimize the dynamic nuclear polarization process. For this purpose, different polarizing matrices, denoted as HYPSO for “HYbrid Polarizing SOlids”, were prepared through a sol-gel process. These solids are highly porous and paramagnetic species are covalently attached onto the surface. One of the noticeable benefit of this method lies in the possibility to remove the “glass forming agent” because of a homogeneous and random repartition of the radicals onto the surface of these materials. Two types of polarizing matrices, HYPSO 2 and HYPSO 3 gave distinct polarizations: P(1H)= 50% and P(1H)= 63%. This difference was explained by the influence of the silica matrix which provides better performances when its porosity is interconnected in the 3 dimensions of the space. Following these results, new materials (HYPSO 5) were prepared. The influence of the pore sizes as well as those of the silica grains on the polarization were studied. Remarkable performances: P(1H)= 99% (± 5%) et P(13C)= 51 % were recorded, thereby demonstrating the efficiency of this new method. Moreover, the first MRI pictures using HYPSO 5 as polarizing matrices were obtained after hyperpolarization of a sodium acetate solution. Finally, we were interested to a new formulation based on silica xerogels. Preliminaries results showed good polarizations and the ability to use only one monolith to polarize different liquids
Rauch, Françoise. "Apport de l'IRM fœtale dans le diagnostic anténatal de la pathologie cérébrale : expérience du Centre de Bordeaux à propos de 29 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23062.
Full textSirol, Marc. "Caractérisation de l'athérothrombose en imagerie par résonance magnétique : rôle de l'imagerie moléculaire pour l'évaluation de la plaque vulnérable." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077177.
Full textDespite advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications remain the leading cause of mortality in Western societies. Identification of high-risk atherosclerotic lesions prone to rupture and thrombosis may greatly decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with atherosclerosis. High-resolution MRI has recently emerged as one of the most promising techniques for the non-invasive study of atherothrombotic disease, as it can characterize plaque composition and monitor its progression. The development of MRI contrast agents that specifically target components of the atherosclerotic plaque may enable non-invasive detection of high-risk lesions. This research focuses on the use of molecular imaging for the identification of high risk or vulnerable plaques in vivo. We demonstrated the ability of fibrin-targeted MR contrast agent (EP-2104R) for detection and age determination of carotid thrombus. In addition, Gadofluorine-enhanced MRI demonstrated its ability of identifying lipid-rich plaques as well as neovessel high density areas in vivo. We established the superiority of molecular imaging compared to high resolution MRI or contrast-enhanced MRI for plaque characterization. This technique allow for allow the identification of high-risk atherosclerotic lesions in-vivo, using a variety of molecules present in atherosclerotic plaques that may serve as targets for specific contrast agents. Ultimately, such agents may enable treatment of "high-risk" patients prior to lesion progression and occurrence of complications, and may allow for better stratification of "high-risk" plaque and "high-risk" patients
Querbes, Olivier. "Mesure de l'épaisseur corticale en IRM : application au diagnostic précoce individuel de la maladie d'Alzheimer et à la notion de réserve cognitive." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1597/.
Full textBrain atrophy measured by magnetic resonance structural imaging has been proposed as a surrogate marker for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Studies on large samples are still required to determine its practical interest at the individual level, especially with regards to the capacity of anatomical magnetic resonance imaging to disentangle the confounding role of the cognitive reserve in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. One hundred and thirty healthy controls, 122 subjects with mild cognitive impairment of the amnestic type and 130 Alzheimer's disease patients were included from the ADNI database and followed up for 24 months. After 24 months, 72 amnestic mild cognitive impairment had converted to Alzheimer's disease (referred to as progressive mild cognitive impairment, as opposed to stable mild cognitive impairment). For each subject, cortical thickness was measured on the baseline magnetic resonance imaging volume. The resulting cortical thickness map was parcellated into 22 regions and a normalized thickness index was computed using the subset of regions (right medial temporal, left lateral temporal, right posterior cingulate) that optimally distinguished stable mild cognitive impairment from progressive mild cognitive impairment. We tested the ability of baseline normalized thickness index to predict evolution from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease and compared it to the predictive values of the main cognitive scores at baseline. In addition, we studied the relationship between the normalized thickness index, the education level and the timeline of conversion to Alzheimer's disease. Normalized thickness index at baseline differed significantly among all the four diagnosis groups (P_0. 001) and correctly distinguished Alzheimer's disease patients from healthy controls with an 85% cross-validated accuracy. Normalized thickness index also correctly predicted evolution to Alzheimer's disease for 76% of amnestic mild cognitive impairment subjects after cross-validation, thus showing an advantage over cognitive scores (range 63-72%). Moreover, progressive mild cognitive impairment subjects, who converted later than 1 year after baseline, showed a significantly higher education level than those who converted earlier than 1 year after baseline. Using a normalized thickness index-based criterion may help with early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease at the individual level, especially for highly educated subjects, up to 24 months before clinical criteria for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis are met
Pineau, Charles-Henri. "La spectroscopie hépatique par résonance magnétique du phosphore 31 : mise au point de protocoles d'études sur des cohortes à 1,5 et 2 tesla." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23095.
Full textPavilla, Aude. "Quantification simultanée de la diffusion et de la perfusion cérébrale en imagerie par résonance magnétique : application au diagnostic de l’accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B025/document.
Full textIschemic stroke is a serious neurological disease of public health concern that constitutes a major cause of death and high costs of medical care. A quick and accurate diagnosis based on both clinical signs and medical images is necessary for the therapeutic decision (thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy). In accordance with the current recommendations, MRI is the primary intention modality to perform in order to confirm the ischemic stroke suspicion. The choice of a thrombolysis treatment is guided by the presence of a diffusion-perfusion mismatch, determined with two different sequences, and is associated with a better life outcome for the patient. The IVIM (« Intravoxel Incoherent Motion ») MRI sequence allows for the simultaneous diffusion and microperfusion quantification with the biexponential analysis of the diffusion signal obtained by a diffusion sequence sensitized to perfusion. This sequence could be of great interest for the ischemic stroke diagnosis. The methodological aspects implemented during this thesis consisted of the optimization of the acquisitions and data processing of IVIM imaging for quantitative assesments of cerebral diffusion and perfusion. First of all, the conventional biophysical model and IVIM sequence acquisitions were implemented and validated with a study on healthy subjects, in comparison with perfusion assesments obtained using ASL (Arterial Spin Labeling). Secondly, the conventional model was modified to consider the non-gaussian diffusion behavior in tissues with an additional quantitative parameter estimation, the kurtosis (DKI-IVIM model). This new model was also validated with a study on healthy subjects in comparison with the standard biexponential IVIM model. Finally, this method was applied in a clinical setting on five stroke patients. The preliminary results demonstrated the DKI-IVIM method efficiency for the acute ischemic stroke diagnosis when compared with the conventional diffusion-ASL perfusion with the additional estimation of the kurtosis for a better lesion characterization
Meyer, Philippe. "Apport de l'I. R. M. Dans le diagnostic des rhombencéphalites à listéria." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23021.
Full textRamgolam, Anoop. "Conception, caractérisation et validation d'une sonde endoluminale bimodale couplant l'imagerie par résonance magnétique et la spectroscopie optique en vue du diagnostic du cancer colorectal." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10105.
Full textThe main aim of this work is the development of a new diagnostic technique combining high spatial resolution MRI to autofluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy through the conception of a bimodal endoluminal probe. Such a technique falls within the framework of alternative innovative techniques to conventional colonoscopy that would allow better sensitivity to early stage digestive pathologies. Colorectal cancer is today a major health issue worldwide with more than 1.2 million cases diagnosed each year bearing the fact that the 5 year survival rate is 94% when precancerous lesions are diagnosed at an early stage (stage I) and only 8% when diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage IV). The promising imaging and spectral analysis techniques under investigation or undergoing clinical evaluation in different parts of the world are presented in the first chapter of this manuscript along with the basic physics involved in magnetic resonance imaging and optical spectroscopy. Chapter 2 gives a detailed description of the work carried out in devising and conceiving different endoluminal bimodal probe prototypes along with the dedicated optical test benches. Dedicated data processing and visualisation programmes developed are also presented within this chapter. The final chapter of this work deals with the different studies carried out in-vitro on different phantoms and in-vivo on a rabbit. Morphological information obtained through the MR images are also correlated to the biochemical information through the autofluorescence and reflectance spectra
Sousa, Uva Joaquim Miguel. "Les dissections aortiques aiguës avec ischémie périphérique : problèmes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques : évolution contrôlée par IRM : à propos de 7 observations." Grenoble 1, 1988. https://santhese.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/1988GRE16002-sousa-uva-joaquim-miguel-MP-arc.pdf.
Full textLeporq, Benjamin. "Hépatopathies chroniques : méthodes de quantification en IRM à 1,5 T et 3,0 T pour le diagnostic et le suivi." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10279.
Full textLiver fibrosis is the main complication of chronic liver diseases, and cirrhosis, corresponding to the end-stage of fibrosis, is an important cause of morbi-mortality. The incidence increase of diabetes, metabolism disorders and obesity involve an increase of NAFLD which became the first cause of chronic liver disease in western countries. Since liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases, inherent risks, intra- and inter-observer variability associated to an important cost motivate a clinical need to develop non-invasive methods for chronic liver disease assessment. Thus, the aim of this PhD thesis was to develop a method allowing the quantification of fat liver content and liver fibrosis using MRI at 1.5 and 3.0 T. For liver fibrosis quantification a method allowing liver perfusion parameters mapping using a MR dynamic contrast enhanced method was developed at 1.5 T. Then, in order to use a multi-parametric approach, a protocol allowing intra-voxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) was optimized at 3.0T. The aim was to combine liver perfusion imaging and IVIM. Regarding liver fat content quantification, a method including a correction of relaxation time effects using a disjointed estimation of T1 and T2* relaxation times of fat and water, accounting for the NMR spectrum of fat and resolving the dominant component ambiguity problem was developed. Liver perfusion parameters, in particularly portal perfusion and hepatic perfusion index were found relevant to make the distinction between no fibrosis, non-advanced fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. About liver fat content quantification, fat volume fraction (FVF) given by our method allowed to quantify liver fat content accurately without cofounding factor-related bias. Moreover, FVF allowed diagnosing histological grade of steatosis with an excellent sensitivity/specificity. Combination of liver perfusion imaging and IVIM is actually under evaluation through the HEPATOMAP study using all the methodology developed through this PhD thesis. Preliminary results of this study have shown that the combination of information acquired with both the fat quantification and IVIM methods could allow distinction between NAFLD and NASH
Impériale, Alexandre. "Méthode d'assimilation de données de la donnée image pour la personnalisation de modèles mécaniques : application à la mécanique cardiaque et aux images de marquage tissulaire." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066622.
Full textThis thesis aims at incorporating complex data derived from images into a data assimilation strategy available for mechanical systems. Our work relies on some recent developments that propose a sequential data assimilation method made of a Luenberger filter for the state space and an optimal filter reduced to the remaining parameter space. We aim at performing parameter identification for a biomechanical model of the heart and, within the scope of this application, we formalize the construction of shape discrepancy measurements for two types of data sets: first, the data expected of a processing step of tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging (tagged-MRI) and, second, more standard data composed by the contours of the object. Initially based on simple distance measurements we enrich these discrepancy measures by incorporating the formalism of currents which enables to embed the contours of the object within the dual of an appropriate space of test functions. For each discrepancy operators we analyze its impact on the observability of the system and, in the case of tagged-MRI, we prove that they are equivalent to a direct measurement of the displacement. From a numerical standpoint, taking into account these complex data sets is a great challenge that motivates the creation of new numerical schemes that provide a more flexible management of the various observation operators. We assess these new means of extracting the rich information contained in the image by identifying in realistic cases the position and the intensity of an infarct in the heart tissue