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Journal articles on the topic 'Diagnostic proce'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Sulçe, Majlind, Anita Koni, Gerald Muça, et al. "A case study of enzootic bovine leukosis in an Albanian dairy herd based on se-rological and hematological test results." German Journal of Veterinary Research 1, no. 1 (2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.0005.

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Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a notifiable infectious disease with sporadic fre-quency in Albania. EBL is not a zoonotic disease, but it has an important impact on the cattle trade. Diagnosis of this disease can be performed by many diagnostic proce-dures, including agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In some cases, where persis-tent lymphocytosis is present, cell count can turn useful. This study aimed to evaluate serological and hematological tests' suitability for the diagnosis of EBL and assess the manual and automatic hematological count technique diagnostic parameters com-pared to the serological test. Results suggest that strategic use of hematological and AGID tests in parallel can increase the sensitivity of diagnosis and facilitate the detec-tion of infected animals in different disease stages. Moreover, our results indicate that this approach is feasible in small scale cattle herds size, which properly fits Albanian circumstances

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2

Stoeck, Tomasz. "Methodology of testing common rail fuel injectors with the use of Gauss’s formulas." Combustion Engines 184, no. 1 (2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-133505.

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The paper presents the methodology of testing common rail fuel injectors, which consisted in extending the standard diagnostic proce-dures with the analysis of the resulting fuel delivery fields. The calculations were carried out in a popular spreadsheet, using Gauss's formulas (the so-called shoelace formula). In this way, the necessity to modify the test bench software was eliminated, as the analytical process took place after the end of the active experiment phase. It has been shown that the proposed solution should be particularly useful in problematic situations where clear-cut verification and assessment of the technical condition of the fuel injectors is sometimes difficult, as shown in the example. In addition, implementation in a digital environment allows the presented algorithms to be reused in research with a similar profile.

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3

Kumari, Poonam, Hetal H. Dave, Poonam Choudhary, and Sonu 4. "MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY DUE TO HYDROSALPINX WITH BOH BY AYURVEDIC REGIME: A CASE STUDY." February 2021 9, no. 2 (2021): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2709022021.

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We report a case of a 33 years old female patient anxious for issues since 2 years. Patient was having Bad Obstetric History (BOH) in her previous 2 pregnancies with history of Ectopic pregnancy in her last preg-nancy for which linear salpingostomy was done. Patient underwent diagnostic investigations and proce-dures to rule out the cause. She was found to have Bilateral Hydrosalpinx in her HSG findings. So, the treatment was planned accordingly, and she was treated with Ayurvedic regimen consisting of Shodhana and Shamana therapy. HSG was repeated 6 months after treatment which was found to be normal with Bi-lateral patent tubes and she was managed to conceive successfully after treatment. Though she was a K/C/O BOH also, so she was provided all the necessary advice and examinations in her Antenatal period including Masanumasika Garbhini Paricharya and she delivered healthy female child of 2.8 kgs on 21.11.2020. So, implementation of Ayurvedic approach with X ray HSG resulted in successfully treating this case without tubal corrective surgery.

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4

Wild, Norbert, Johann Karl, and Bernhard Risse. "From Research to Clinical Application Multi-Parameter Testing: Marker Panels for the Early Detection of Complex Diseases." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 28, no. 4 (2009): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-009-0024-9.

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From Research to Clinical Application Multi-Parameter Testing: Marker Panels for the Early Detection of Complex DiseasesMulti Parameter Analysis can open novel diagnostic opportunities for the early diagnosis and screening of multimodal diseases like cancer. Single proteins have so far failed to describe such complex diseases. Being able to screen with a set of analytes is one promising way to overcome the present limitations. Various marker identification tools including proteomics approaches have been successfully applied to identify new screening markers for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is one of the most incident cancers worldwide and early detection is clearly a key factor in reducing mortality from CRC. Several screening methods are recommended, including colonoscopy, fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and fecal DNA analysis. Of these annual stool testing with the guaiac based FOBT is most often applied, in spite of limitations such as low sensitivity and dietary influences. Though proce dures with improved performance eg. immunolo gical FOBT are available, a screening assay for CRC in serum that could easily be integrated in any health check-up would be highly welcome. A positive result of such a test would trigger a follow-up colonoscopy for an exact diagnosis. In this review we will cover aspects of marker identification strategies and describe a well structured marker validation process that is based on clinically characterized sample materials. Finally the value of analytical multi-parameter platforms enabling the combination of multi markers in routine diagnostics settings is outlined. An appropriate multi-parameter immunochemistry platform concept, currently developed under the working name »IMPACT« will be introduced.

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5

De Luca, Ramona, Tommaso Dattoma, Leonardo Forzoni, Jeffrey Bamber, Paolo Palchetti, and Alessandro Gubbini. "Diagnostic ultrasound probes: a typology and overview of technologies." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (2018): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0013.

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AbstractThe routine clinical use of diagnostic ultrasound (US) has spread considerably worldwide in recent decades. This is due in large part to the availability of US probes that enable a wide range of clinical applications as well as provide performance benefits arising from technological improvements. This paper describes the current commercially available US probe types, lists some of their clinical applications and briefly explains the technologies that are responsible for recent enhancements in image quality and ergonomics. Our intention is to summarize information that will allow healthcare professionals to select the appropriate probe for the intended use and the desired performance-price ratio.

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6

Uchikura, Shiro. "Ultrasonic diagnostic probe." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 3 (1998): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423225.

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7

Lu, Winston I., and Dominic P. Lu. "The Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Effects of Radiation from Dental and Medical X-Rays." Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research 45, no. 1 (2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/036012920x15958782196790.

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The purpose of this research was to proce or disprove the widely held beliefs that X-ray radiation used in medical or dental applications may affect the normal oral flora, and may also have effects on the micro-organisms existing in the oral cavity of every person. Such beliefs might be due to the common knowledge that radiation therapy has been utilized for the long time in the cancer patients to destroy the cancerous cells, and that radiation are also widely used in agriculture to prolong the shelf life of the farm products by destroying the decay-causing microorganisms existing in the agricultural products such as meats, produce, etc. Since very few research has been conducted in this concerned area, and not much pertinent information in the scientific literature could be found in this regard, a research experiment was set up to find out if these common beliefs have any merits. The research experiment involved selecting BDORT(By-digital O-Ring Test) positive dishes to incubate human saliva collected from a volunteer patient. Once dish served as control which was not subjected X-ray irradiation. Other dishes were subjected X-ray irradiation with various doses of irradiation strength at various time interval such as 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 seconds to find out if any significant change taken place in the bacteria colonies. The bacterial colonies in the irradiated dishes then compared with that of the control dish so as to draw a conclusion if radiation for medical and dental X-ray machines would actually have any bactericidal or/and bacteriostatic effects on the oral micro-organisms flora. Finally, dishes were brought to a local hospital Radiology Department to use high dose of irradaition (used for cancer therapy) on the dishes to find out to what extent if such a high dose X-ray irradiation emitted from therapeutic cancer therapy machine would affect the number of bacterial colonies in the dishes as when compared with when dishes were under low doses of X-ray irradiation from dental or medical diagnostic X-ray machines. During the experiment, dishes, when irradiated, were sent to a certified medical technologist in the hospital laboratory to count the number of the bacterial colonies, and each change in the bacterial colony number were recorded in to data for biostatic analysis. The data were compared with BDORT negativity scores collected each time before and after dishes were irradiated, thus to find out if any corresponding confirmity between traditional laboratory findings and the score changes from BDORT findings. The results of this experiment revealed the fact that radiation from regular diagnostic X-ray machines possess little effect on bacteria, and that they have little effect on both cells and bacteria present in the human body. Neverthless, dramatically increasing the high radiation dosages does have potential to both inhibit and destroy bacteria. Therefore,using irradiation techniques to inhibit bacterial growth is only useful in agriculture practices, since tens of thousands of irradaiation dosages are necessary for bacteria inhibition. in human, over 500 RADs (radiation absorption dose) is lethal. Therefore, bacterial inhibition could not be practical in humans since it requires tens of thousands of RADs to be useful in the aspect.

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8

Nishiura, Masaki, Shun Adachi, Kenji Tanaka, et al. "Collective Thomson scattering diagnostic with in situ calibration system for velocity space analysis in large helical device." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 5 (2022): 053501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079296.

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A collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic with a ±3 GHz band around a 77 GHz gyrotron probe beam was developed to measure the velocity distribution of bulk and fast ions in high-temperature plasmas. We propose a new in situ calibration method for a CTS diagnostic system combined with a raytracing code. The method is applied in two situations for electron cyclotron emission in plasmas and in a CTS diagnostic with a modulated probe beam. Experimental results highlight the importance of refraction correction in probe and receive beams. The CTS spectrum is measured with the in situ calibrated CTS receiver and responds to fast ions originating from a tangential neutral beam with an energy of 170 keV and from a perpendicular beam with an energy of 60 keV, both in the large helical device. From a velocity space analysis model, the results elucidate the measured anisotropic CTS spectrum caused by fast ions. The calibration methods and analyses demonstrated here are essential for CTS, millimeter-wave diagnostics, and electron cyclotron heating required under fusion reactor conditions.

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9

Samotij, Dominik, Justyna Szczęch, and Adam Reich. "Special papers Diagnostic and therapeutic advances in dermatomyositis." Dermatology Review 3 (2015): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/dr.2015.51919.

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10

Kunakov, S., E. Son, and A. Shapiyeva. "Probe diagnostics in helium plasma, generated by a volume source of fission fragments." International Journal of Mathematics and Physics 6, no. 1 (2015): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7987-2015-6-1-63-68.

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11

Gordon, C. M., C. W. Peters, and T. K. Olson. "A fast-neutron diagnostic probe." Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 93, no. 3 (1988): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.127.

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12

Machida, Kaoru. "Attachment for diagnostic ultrasound probe." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 2 (1989): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398166.

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13

Hopkins, M. B., W. G. Graham, and T. J. Griffin. "Automatic Langmuir probe plasma diagnostic." Review of Scientific Instruments 58, no. 3 (1987): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139256.

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14

ADÁMKOVÁ, JANA. "SELF-EFFICACY, MONITORING, EVALUATION AND WRITING." AD ALTA: 08/02 8, no. 2 (2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33543/0802912.

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This study brings results of the first phase of research probe that monitors relation between the metacognition of pupils of secondary school and level of their writing. Qualitative research probe is focused on the pupils aged 14 to 15 and is based on the continuous monitoring of individual pupils. During the research, respondents worked with several monitoring and diagnostic tools. Research activity had also anexperimental nature and supported pedagogical-educative process among the monitored group of pupils – it significantly influenced course of the classes (respecting the processual nature of writing) and approach to particular pupils, mainly within the area of diagnostics and evaluation.

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15

Bak, J. G., and S. G. Lee. "KSTAR edge probe diagnostics." Review of Scientific Instruments 74, no. 3 (2003): 1578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1527242.

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16

Irimiciuc, Stefan Andrei, Sergii Chertopalov, Jan Lancok, and Valentin Craciun. "Langmuir Probe Technique for Plasma Characterization during Pulsed Laser Deposition Process." Coatings 11, no. 7 (2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070762.

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The history of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and transient plasmas generated by laser ablation is intertwined with the development of various techniques for its fundamental understanding. Some diagnostic tools have been developed to better suit the rapid transient nature of the plasma (space and time dependence of all parameters, fast decay and complex chemistry inside the plasma), whereas others have been adapted from basic plasma physics studies. Langmuir probe method has been used as a real-time in situ diagnostic tool for laser ablation and later for PLD. It remains a useful tool for the PLD community arsenal, which can easily be adapted to the development of new lasers and ablation regimes and new deposition configuration, being one of the most versatile techniques for plasma diagnostics. It is the cornerstone on which charge particles are analyzed and has led to several important discoveries, such as multiple peak distribution, selective acceleration during expansion, plume splitting, plasma turbulences and fluctuations. However, because the Langmuir probe theory adaptation from classical plasma physics is not straightforward, it might lead to misinterpretation and often incorrect analysis of data. This review analyzes the limits and understanding of the technique as a foundation for attaining its full potential, which can impact the way PLD is used. This is especially useful for the pressing need of real-time, in-situ diagnostics and feedback loops for systematic semi-industrial implementation of the PLD technique.

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17

Espindola, Andres S., and Kitty F. Cardwell. "Microbe Finder (MiFi®): Implementation of an Interactive Pathogen Detection Tool in Metagenomic Sequence Data." Plants 10, no. 2 (2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020250.

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Agricultural high throughput diagnostics need to be fast, accurate and have multiplexing capacity. Metagenomic sequencing is being widely evaluated for plant and animal diagnostics. Bioinformatic analysis of metagenomic sequence data has been a bottleneck for diagnostic analysis due to the size of the data files. Most available tools for analyzing high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data require that the user have computer coding skills and access to high-performance computing. To overcome constraints to most sequencing-based diagnostic pipelines today, we have developed Microbe Finder (MiFi®). MiFi® is a web application for quick detection and identification of known pathogen species/strains in raw, unassembled HTS metagenomic data. HTS-based diagnostic tools developed through MiFi® must pass rigorous validation, which is outlined in this manuscript. MiFi® allows researchers to collaborate in the development and validation of HTS-based diagnostic assays using MiProbe™, a platform used for developing pathogen-specific e-probes. Validated e-probes are made available to diagnosticians through MiDetect™. Here we describe the e-probe development, curation and validation process of MiFi® using grapevine pathogens as a model system. MiFi® can be used with any pathosystem and HTS platform after e-probes have been validated.

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18

Kunakov, S. ,., E. Son, and A. Shapiyeva. "Probe diagnostics of 63UFHe plasma, generated in the core of nuclear reactor WWW–K." International Journal of Mathematics and Physics 6, no. 1 (2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7987-2015-6-1-69-74.

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19

Toptan, Tuna, Sebastian Hoehl, Sandra Westhaus, et al. "Optimized qRT-PCR Approach for the Detection of Intra- and Extra-Cellular SARS-CoV-2 RNAs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (2020): 4396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124396.

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The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the acute respiratory disease COVID-19, which has become a global concern due to its rapid spread. Meanwhile, increased demand for testing has led to a shortage of reagents and supplies and compromised the performance of diagnostic laboratories in many countries. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend multi-step RT-PCR assays using multiple primer and probe pairs, which might complicate the interpretation of the test results, especially for borderline cases. In this study, we describe an alternative RT-PCR approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA that can be used for the probe-based detection of clinical isolates in diagnostics as well as in research labs using a low-cost SYBR green method. For the evaluation, we used samples from patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and performed RT-PCR assays along with successive dilutions of RNA standards to determine the limit of detection. We identified an M-gene binding primer and probe pair highly suitable for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for diagnostic and research purposes.

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20

Johnson, H. A. "Diagnostic information as a commodity." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 5 (1995): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.5.781.

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Abstract In estimating the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic procedures, it is helpful to treat diagnostic information as a commodity with a unit price. The amount of useful information provided by a test result can be measured in binary units (bits), and the unit price of the information produced by the test result can be expressed in dollars per bit in much the same way that the price of gold is given in dollars per ounce. This allows comparison of the unit prices of various diagnostic tests, examination of the effect of multiple testing, and calculation of the most cost-effective conditions for screening tests.

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Kiss, Richárd, Szabolcs Kosztolányi, Ambrus Gángó, Károly Szuhai, Csaba Bödör, and Donát Alpár. "Multiplex ligatiofüggő szondaamplifikáció az onkohematológiai kutatásban és diagnosztikában." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 15 (2018): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31053.

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Abstract: Genetic abnormalities associated with the development, progression and treatment resistance of hematological malignancies are extensively characterized. Rapid, reliable and cost-efficient techniques are needed to screen the clinically relevant aberrations in routine diagnostics. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification is an efficient tool to analyze genomic copy number aberrations at 55–60 different genomic loci. The method allows the profiling of prognostic and predictive markers; thus, it can efficiently be combined with karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization, the most commonly used diagnostic techniques to detect cytogenetic lesions. Furthermore, the method can interrogate methylation status and unravel point mutations at specific sites, providing results in 24 hours. Here, we describe the technical background of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, summarize its advantages and limitations as well as discuss its role in oncohematological diagnostics and research. Finally, future outlook is provided, with emphasis on recent technological advances related to next-generation sequencing. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(15): 583–592.

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22

Salamanca-Neita, Lorenzo H., Óscar Carvajal, Juan Pablo Carvajal, Maribel Forero-Castro, and Nidya Alexandra Segura. "Comparison of Four Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Respiratory Samples from Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 9 (2022): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090240.

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. In Colombia, many commercial methods are now available to perform the RT-qPCR assays, and laboratories must evaluate their diagnostic accuracy to ensure reliable results for patients suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to compare four commercial RT-qPCR assays with respect to their ability to detect the SARS-CoV2 virus from nasopharyngeal swab samples referred to Laboratorio Carvajal IPS, SAS in Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. We utilized 152 respiratory tract samples (Nasopharyngeal Swabs) from patients suspected of having SARS-CoV-2. The diagnostic accuracy of GeneFinderTM COVID-19 Plus RealAmp (In Vitro Diagnostics) (GF-TM), One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR (Vitro Master Diagnostica) (O-S RT-qPCR), and the Berlin modified protocol (BM) were assessed using the gold-standard Berlin protocol (Berlin Charité Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit, New England Biolabs) (BR) as a reference. Operational characteristics were estimated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, agreement, and predictive values. Using the gold-standard BR as a reference, the sensitivity/specificity of the diagnostic tests was found to be 100%/92.7% for GF-TM, 92.75%/67.47% for O-S RT-qPCR, and 100%/96.39% for the BM protocol. Using BR as a reference, the sensitivity/specificity for the diagnostic tests were found to be 100%/92.7% for the GF-TM assay, 92.72%/67.47% for the O-S RT-qPCR, and 100%/96.39% for BM. Relative to the BR reference protocol, the GF-TM and BM RT-PCR assays obtained similar results (k = 0.92 and k = 0.96, respectively), whereas the results obtained by O-S-RT-qPCR were only moderately similar. We conclude that the GF-TM and BM protocols offer the best sensitivity and specificity, with similar results in comparison to the gold-standard BR protocol. We recommend evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the OS-RT-qPCR protocol in future studies with a larger number of samples.

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23

Kikuchi, Koh, Yasuyuki Morita, and Yoshiyuki Sugiyama. "Ultrasonic probe for medical diagnostic examinations." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 1 (1991): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.400391.

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24

Cerofolini, Marino. "Ultrasound probe, particularly for diagnostic imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 6 (2010): 3830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3544465.

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Bhandari, I. S., H. A. Simon, and D. P. Siewiorek. "Optimal probe selection in diagnostic search." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 20, no. 5 (1990): 990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/21.59964.

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26

Van Den Brink, Johan Samuel. "Diagnostic imaging system with ultrasound probe." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 1 (2003): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1601145.

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27

Fukuda, Hiroshi, and Masayoshi Omura. "Ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic diagnostic equipment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 5 (2006): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2395179.

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28

Beunk, L. "Factors contributing to a delay in the diagnostic process in oral cancer." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 127, no. 09 (2020): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2020.09.20023.

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Van Oost, Guido. "Probe Diagnostics for Fusion Devices." Fusion Science and Technology 49, no. 2T (2006): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst06-a1135.

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Bak, J. G., S. G. Lee, J. Y. Kim, and KSTAR Project Team. "Electrical Probe Diagnostics for KSTAR." Contributions to Plasma Physics 50, no. 9 (2010): 892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201010151.

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Hadnadjev, Dusan, Mira Govorcin, Sanja Stojanovic, Dijana Niciforovic, Viktorija Vucaj, and Olivera Nikolic. "Diagnostic significance of ultrasonography in focal splenic lesions." Medical review 57, no. 9-10 (2004): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0410501h.

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Introduction The spleen is situated in the upper left abdominal cavity and spleen parenchyma has a homogenous appearance. For that reason changes in parenchymal echogenicity should be understood as pathological, since many splenic focal lesions appear as different changes in echostructure of spleen parenchyma. Focal splenice lesions Focal lesions are not rare and are found in every day work. Great advantages of ultrasound diagnostics in relation to other complementary methods put this method into the leading position in diagnostics, not only in spleen disorders, but the whole abdomen. Advantages include: diagnostic accuracy, possibility of repetition, low price of the examination, and no irradiation. Splenic ultrasonography Splenic ultrasonography is efficient and provides findings which represent a significant contribution in reaching the final diagnosis and selecting the appropriate therapeutic approach. Due to various ultrasonographic images of numerous splenic focal lesions (metastasis, hemangioma, cysts, infarction, hematoma etc) great knowledge and experience is required in order to come to accurate diagnosis. This will bring application of other diagnostic procedures, such as CT and MR, mostly available in large radiological institutes, to a minimum.

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Talavera Vargas-Machuca, Sergio, Ismenia Gamboa Oré, Francia Huamán Dianderas, Ricardo Fujita Alarcón, María Luisa Fajardo Loo, and María Luisa Guevara Gil. "Diagnóstico molecular de síndrome de Smith-Magenis por MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification)." Horizonte Médico (Lima) 17, no. 3 (2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2017.v17n3.12.

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Curk, Tine, Chris A. Brackley, James D. Farrell, et al. "Computational design of probes to detect bacterial genomes by multivalent binding." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (2020): 8719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918274117.

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Rapid methods for diagnosis of bacterial infections are urgently needed to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance. In many rapid diagnostic methods, DNA oligonucleotide probes, attached to a surface, bind to specific nucleotide sequences in the DNA of a target pathogen. Typically, each probe binds to a single target sequence; i.e., target–probe binding is monovalent. Here we show using computer simulations that the detection sensitivity and specificity can be improved by designing probes that bind multivalently to the entire length of the pathogen genomic DNA, such that a given probe binds to multiple sites along the target DNA. Our results suggest that multivalent targeting of long pieces of genomic DNA can allow highly sensitive and selective binding of the target DNA, even if competing DNA in the sample also contains binding sites for the same probe sequences. Our results are robust to mild fragmentation of the bacterial genome. Our conclusions may also be relevant for DNA detection in other fields, such as disease diagnostics more broadly, environmental management, and food safety.

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Stobbe, A. H., W. L. Schneider, P. R. Hoyt, and U. Melcher. "Screening Metagenomic Data for Viruses Using the E-Probe Diagnostic Nucleic Acid Assay." Phytopathology® 104, no. 10 (2014): 1125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-13-0310-r.

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Next generation sequencing (NGS) is not used commonly in diagnostics, in part due to the large amount of time and computational power needed to identify the taxonomic origin of each sequence in a NGS data set. By using the unassembled NGS data sets as the target for searches, pathogen-specific sequences, termed e-probes, could be used as queries to enable detection of specific viruses or organisms in plant sample metagenomes. This method, designated e-probe diagnostic nucleic acid assay, first tested with mock sequence databases, was tested with NGS data sets generated from plants infected with a DNA (Bean golden yellow mosaic virus, BGYMV) or an RNA (Plum pox virus, PPV) virus. In addition, the ability to detect and differentiate among strains of a single virus species, PPV, was examined by using probe sets that were specific to strains. The use of probe sets for multiple viruses determined that one sample was dually infected with BGYMV and Bean golden mosaic virus.

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35

Silver, Mick. "Econometric Issues in Hedonic Property Price Indices: Some Practical Help." Journal of Official Statistics 38, no. 1 (2022): 153–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2022-0008.

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Abstract Hedonic regressions are widely used and recommended for property price index (PPI) measurement. Hedonic PPIs control for changes in the quality-mix of properties transacted that can confound measures of change in average property prices. The widespread adoption of the hedonic approach is primarily due to the increasing availability, in this digital age, of electronic data on advertised and transaction prices of properties and their price-determining characteristics. Yet hedonic PPIs are only as good as the underlying estimated hedonic regressions. Regression-based measures are unusual in official economic statistics. There is little technical support in the international Handbooks and Guides for diagnostic measures and graphical plots for estimated regression equations as applied to PPIs. These diagnostics are essential to the transparency and credibility of hedonic PPI measurement. This article seeks to remedy this.

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Korczewski, Zbigniew, Jacek Rudnicki, Leszek Piechowski, and Adam Cenian. "Investigations of a D10 laboratory Farymann Diesel engine by means of a Langmuir probe." Combustion Engines 153, no. 2 (2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117004.

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A precise determination of the crankshaft angular position, at which the self fuel ignition occurs in a diesel engine, enables a credible diagnosis of the technical condition of the engine working space as well as the fuel feed system. An observation of the Langmuir probe signal provides entirely new possibilities for engine diagnostics. The probe is introduced into the working space of a cylinder through its indicator valve. This paper presents preliminary results of diagnostic tests performed on a D10 type Farymann Diesel engine. The main aim of the investigations was to confirm the diesel engine control susceptibility to the applied, original measuring method that enables a precise determination of the crank-shaft angle, under which the fuel self-ignition occurs. In order to verify the diagnostic results, simultaneous measurements have been conducted of the cylinder pressure as well as vibrations (measured on the cylinder head cover or its mounting bolts) generated by the engine fuel injection system and the valve timing system. A satisfactory qualitative and quantitative agreement of the recorded control parameters has been obtained using a simplified comparative analysis. The results showed that further upgrade of the diagnostic method as well as the computer software is necessary in order to synchronize all the monitored variables and enable a comparative analysis in relation to the angular crankshaft position.

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Machowski, Edith Erika, and Bavesh Davandra Kana. "Genetic Mimetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus as Verification Standards for Molecular Diagnostics." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 12 (2017): 3384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01111-17.

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ABSTRACTMolecular diagnostics have revolutionized the management of health care through enhanced detection of disease or infection and effective enrollment into treatment. In recognition of this, the World Health Organization approved the rollout of nucleic acid amplification technologies for identification ofMycobacterium tuberculosisusing platforms such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF, the GenoType MTBDRplusline probe assay, and, more recently, GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra. These assays can simultaneously detect tuberculosis infection and assess rifampin resistance. However, their widespread use in health systems requires verification and quality assurance programs. To enable development of these, we report the construction of genetically modified strains ofMycobacterium smegmatisthat mimic the profile ofMycobacterium tuberculosison both the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and the MTBDRplusline probe diagnostic tests. Using site-specific gene editing, we also created derivatives that faithfully mimic the diagnostic result of rifampin-resistantM. tuberculosis, with mutations at positions 513, 516, 526, 531, and 533 in the rifampin resistance-determining region of therpoBgene. Next, we extended this approach to other diseases and demonstrated that aStaphylococcus aureusgene sequence can be introduced intoM. smegmatisto generate a positive response for the SCCmecprobe in the GeneXpert SA Nasal Complete molecular diagnostic cartridge, designed for identification of methicillin-resistantS. aureus. These biomimetic strains are cost-effective, have low biohazard content, accurately mimic drug resistance, and can be produced with relative ease, thus illustrating their potential for widespread use as verification standards for diagnosis of a variety of diseases.

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Waalkes, Adam, Nahum Smith, Kelsi Penewit, et al. "Accurate Pan-Cancer Molecular Diagnosis of Microsatellite Instability by Single-Molecule Molecular Inversion Probe Capture and High-Throughput Sequencing." Clinical Chemistry 64, no. 6 (2018): 950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.285981.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an emerging actionable phenotype in oncology that informs tumor response to immune checkpoint pathway immunotherapy. However, there remains a need for MSI diagnostics that are low cost, highly accurate, and generalizable across cancer types. We developed a method for targeted high-throughput sequencing of numerous microsatellite loci with pan-cancer informativity for MSI using single-molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs). METHODS We designed a smMIP panel targeting 111 loci highly informative for MSI across cancers. We developed an analytical framework taking advantage of smMIP-mediated error correction to specifically and sensitively detect instability events without the need for typing matched normal material. RESULTS Using synthetic DNA mixtures, smMIPs were sensitive to at least 1% MSI-positive cells and were highly consistent across replicates. The fraction of identified unstable microsatellites discriminated tumors exhibiting MSI from those lacking MSI with high accuracy across colorectal (100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity), prostate (100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity), and endometrial cancers (95.8% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity). MSI-PCR, the current standard-of-care molecular diagnostic for MSI, proved equally robust for colorectal tumors but evidenced multiple false-negative results in prostate (81.8% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity) and endometrial (75.0% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity) tumors. CONCLUSIONS smMIP capture provides an accurate, diagnostically sensitive, and economical means to diagnose MSI across cancer types without reliance on patient-matched normal material. The assay is readily scalable to large numbers of clinical samples, enables automated and quantitative analysis of microsatellite instability, and is readily standardized across clinical laboratories.

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Spanjers, G. G., J. P. Galambos, M. A. Bohnet, et al. "Development of a transient internal probe diagnostic." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 10 (1992): 5148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143812.

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Yadav, S., and V. R. Singh. "Development of a piezoelectric bone diagnostic probe." Measurement Science and Technology 2, no. 12 (1991): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/2/12/007.

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&NA;. "New Neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnostic probe gives 100%." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 748 (1990): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007480-00055.

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Schoch, P. M., A. Carnevali, K. A. Conner, et al. "Heavy‐ion beam probe diagnostic systems (invited)." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 8 (1988): 1646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140270.

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Lorusso, A., V. Nassisi, and M. V. Siciliano. "Fast capacitive probe for electromagnetic pulse diagnostic." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 6 (2008): 064702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2936888.

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Xi, Ping, Yun-Long Jing, Wen-Dong Lü, and Xiang-Hua Zhai. "Statefinder diagnostic for a generalized Proca model." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 30 (2017): 1750160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317501607.

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In this paper, we apply the statefinder diagnostic on the cosmology in the framework of the generalized Proca theories with derivative self-interactions possessing three propagating physical degrees of freedom. We discuss the evolving trajectories of the statefinder parameters with the parameter n of this model recently fitted as n = 0.254 and n = 0.16 by use of the current observational data and find that some typical characteristic of the evolution of statefinder parameters makes the model distinguishable between n = 0.254 case and n = 0.16 case and also from other dark energy models.

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Tenover, F. C. "Diagnostic deoxyribonucleic acid probes for infectious diseases." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 1 (1988): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.1.82.

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Virtually all microorganisms contain some unique nucleotide sequences which can be the target of deoxyribonucleic acid probes. Probes have been used successfully to identify a wide variety of pathogens from the simple ribonucleic acid-containing polioviruses to the complex filarial worms Brugia malayi. Probe technology offers the clinical laboratory the potential both to extend the types of pathogens that can be readily identified and to reduce significantly the time associated with the identification of fastidious microorganisms. Over a dozen commercially prepared deoxyribonucleic acid probe tests are now available. This article explores the development of deoxyribonucleic acid probe tests and reviews the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of many of the diagnostic probes developed during the last several years. Prospects for newer, more sensitive detection systems for the products of hybridization reactions are also reviewed.

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McCarthy, K. J. "Plasma diagnostic systems and methods used on the stellarator TJ-II." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 12 (2021): C12026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/c12026.

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Abstract The TJ-II is a heliac-type stellarator device with major radius of 1.5 m and averaged minor radius ⩽0.22 m that has been operated at CIEMAT, Madrid since 1998. Its full magnetic field is created by a system of poloidal, central, toroidal and vertical field coils, thus it possesses a fully 3-dimensional plasma structure and a bean-shaped plasma cross-section. Although this results in a complicated vacuum-vessel layout, it has excellent port access for diagnostics (96 portholes). During its initial operational phase, it was equipped with a limited set of essential diagnostics. Since then, a broad variety and large number of both passive and active diagnostics have been installed. The former include Hα monitors, light spectrometers, an electron cyclotron emission radiometer, X-ray filter monitors, neutral particle analysers, magnetic diagnostics, as well as cameras, among others, while the latter include various laser, atomic and ion beam based diagnostics, microwave probe beams, Langmuir probes plus impurity injection techniques. In this paper, after describing the TJ-II stellarator, its heating and fuelling systems, the diagnostic systems employed are outlined and discussed briefly here. Finally, results obtained with selected systems are highlighted.

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Kewley, Lisa J., David C. Nicholls, and Ralph S. Sutherland. "Understanding Galaxy Evolution Through Emission Lines." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 57, no. 1 (2019): 511–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051832.

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We review the use of emission lines for understanding galaxy evolution, focusing on excitation source, metallicity, ionization parameter, ISM pressure, and electron density. We discuss the physics, benefits, and caveats of emission line diagnostics, including the effects of theoretical model uncertainties, diffuse ionized gas, and sample selection bias. In anticipation of upcoming telescope facilities, we provide new self-consistent emission line diagnostic calibrations for complete spectral coverage from the UV to the IR. These diagnostics can be used in concert to understand how fundamental galaxy properties have changed across cosmic time. We conclude the following: ▪ The UV, optical, and IR contain complementary diagnostics that can probe the conditions within different nebular ionization zones. ▪ Accounting for complex density gradients and temperature profiles is critical for reliably estimating the fundamental properties of Hii regions and galaxies. ▪ Diffuse ionized gas can raise metallicity estimates, flatten metallicity gradients, and introduce scatter in ionization parameter measurements. ▪ New 3D emission line diagnostics successfully separate the contributions from star formation, AGN, and shocks using integral field spectroscopy. We summarize with a discussion of the challenges and major opportunities for emission line diagnostics in the coming years.

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Pandey, Shashank, Gaurav Malviya, and Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova. "Role of Peptides in Diagnostics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168828.

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The specificity of a diagnostic assay depends upon the purity of the biomolecules used as a probe. To get specific and accurate information of a disease, the use of synthetic peptides in diagnostics have increased in the last few decades, because of their high purity profile and ability to get modified chemically. The discovered peptide probes are used either in imaging diagnostics or in non-imaging diagnostics. In non-imaging diagnostics, techniques such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), lateral flow devices (i.e., point-of-care testing), or microarray or LC-MS/MS are used for direct analysis of biofluids. Among all, peptide-based ELISA is considered to be the most preferred technology platform. Similarly, peptides can also be used as probes for imaging techniques, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The role of radiolabeled peptides, such as somatostatin receptors, interleukin 2 receptor, prostate specific membrane antigen, αβ3 integrin receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide, chemokine receptor 4, and urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, are well established tools for targeted molecular imaging ortumor receptor imaging. Low molecular weight peptides allow a rapid clearance from the blood and result in favorable target-to-non-target ratios. It also displays a good tissue penetration and non-immunogenicity. The only drawback of using peptides is their potential low metabolic stability. In this review article, we have discussed and evaluated the role of peptides in imaging and non-imaging diagnostics. The most popular non-imaging and imaging diagnostic platforms are discussed, categorized, and ranked, as per their scientific contribution on PUBMED. Moreover, the applicability of peptide-based diagnostics in deadly diseases, mainly COVID-19 and cancer, is also discussed in detail.

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Naz, M. Y., S. Shukrullah, A. Ghaffar, and N. U. Rehman. "Development of Simple Designs of Multitip Probe Diagnostic Systems for RF Plasma Characterization." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/279868.

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Multitip probes are very useful diagnostics for analyzing and controlling the physical phenomena occurring in low temperature discharge plasmas. However, DC biased probes often fail to perform well in processing plasmas. The objective of the work was to deduce simple designs of DC biased multitip probes for parametric study of radio frequency plasmas. For this purpose, symmetric double probe, asymmetric double probe, and symmetric triple probe diagnostic systems and their driving circuits were designed and tested in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) generated by a 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) source. UsingI-Vcharacteristics of these probes, electron temperature, electron number density, and ion saturation current was measured as a function of input power and filling gas pressure. An increasing trend was noticed in electron temperature and electron number density for increasing input RF power whilst a decreasing trend was evident in these parameters when measured against filling gas pressure. In addition, the electron energy probability function (EEPF) was also studied by using an asymmetric double probe. These studies confirmed the non-Maxwellian nature of the EEPF and the presence of two groups of the energetic electrons at low filling gas pressures.

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Stobbe, Anthony H., Jon Daniels, Andres S. Espindola, et al. "E-probe Diagnostic Nucleic acid Analysis (EDNA): A theoretical approach for handling of next generation sequencing data for diagnostics." Journal of Microbiological Methods 94, no. 3 (2013): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2013.07.002.

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