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1
Reeves, Pauline Jane. "Models of care in diagnostic radiography." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/models-of-care-in-diagnostic-radiography(e3622893-8a99-480c-a38a-6aa1b38eefeb).html.
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This research set out to develop one or more conceptual models of diagnostic radiography based on the ways in which clinical radiographers themselves viewed their skills. The report analyses the historical relationship between radiographers and radiologists and the limited attempts at theory development prior to this research. This context is set against selected literature from nursing metatheory. This comparison is made since radiography had in part developed from the nursing profession and the historical and gendered background of both professions may be seen to be similar. •The methodology is largely qualitative and the use of computers for qualitative data analysis is discussed in some detail. The data collection was completed in three major phases- a diagnostic phase; a theory development phase and an applications phase, utilising several brainstorming groups and two questionnaires as well as action research in the third phase. In the diagnostic (first) phase of the research categories representing parts of the radiographic process were derived. Two models (or theoretical frameworks) were developed and their various concepts were explored and refined. In the second phase of theory development the research was extended to develop a statement of the role of the diagnostic radiographer and several concepts from the model were explored. In the final phase, the concept of holism was explored together with the relevance of the models for the education of student radiographers. In the final sections of the report there is a detailed evaluation of the potential impact of the models including a reflexive analysis. The conclusions are that the models provide a valid conceptual representation of the radiographic process and philosophy and that they have a role to play in education of student radiographers.
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Price, R. "Developing practice in radiography and diagnostic imaging." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1056.
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An increase in the range and capability of imaging modalities has resulted in greater demands for radiology services. This research investigates how these changes have affected role requirements and role extensions of radiographers and the consequent implications for the educational needs of radiographers. Semi-structured interviews and three successive surveys of NHS radiography managers showed that the adoption and diffusion of extended roles in radiography had increased significantly over a ten year period. Role changes included additions both to the procedures carried out by radiographers, and to the reporting of procedures, e.g. film reporting, once the domain of radiologists, is now undertaken by radiographers in many trusts. Imaging managers’ views on the factors that encouraged or deterred the introduction of extended roles were explored. While many radiographers were keen to adopt new roles, implementation was unlikely without radiological support. Respondents believed the proposed ‘four-tier structure’ would help overcome staffing difficulties, while providing an improved career framework to advance the professional status of radiographers. A key theme was the need for greater clinical knowledge to facilitate transition to advanced practice. Three studies investigated radiography education. The first used a survey to investigate the preparedness for practice of three cohorts of newly qualified radiographers. Graduates recognised the importance of continuing professional development with extended role skills identified as a priority. The second study examined the relationship between contemporary practice and UK undergraduate radiography curricula. Most programmes had responded positively to developing technology. The third study used a survey to investigate the training for extended roles provided by employers. While most provided some training, much was unaccredited, and there was considerable variation in the duration of training for similar roles. The research has documented developments taking place at a time of enormous technological innovation. It provides key data on the changing practice of radiography that will be useful to all stakeholders planning improvements to radiography services. The data lead to a re-definition of practice and recommendations for supporting education and training.
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DeCann, Richard W. "Patient care and good professional practice in diagnostic radiography." Thesis, Keele University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386609.
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Forman, D. "Shared learning : monitoring the attitudinal changes of staff and students on undergraduate health care professional programmes." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19656/.
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The aim of this investigation was to monitor attitudinal changes of staff and students participating in undergraduate professional programmes to the implementation of shared learning over a four-year period. The programmes being studied were the BSc. Occupational Therapy, BSc. Diagnostic Radiography and BSc. Therapeutic Radiography Honours degrees. Each validated programme contained some syllabus areas that were taught together i.e. were shared across the professions. Initially, after a review of the existing literature on this issue, a questionnaire was designed as a research tool to enable both qualitative and quantitative data to be collected and analysed. The quantitative sections of the questionnaire were checked for reliability throughout the four years and achieved positive Cronbach Alpha results ranging from .7083 to .8984 in the four main concepts under investigation, namely the Pitfalls, Benefits, Curriculum Aspects and Social Aspects of the shared programmes. Over the four year period a total of 418 student questionnaires were collected and analysed. In addition to the quantitative data collected, qualitative data were also collected from the questionnaire from extracts of the minutes of Course Committee and Examination Board meetings and from videos of tutorials and seminars. All of these were analysed. The results showed fluctuations in the attitudes of both staff and students to shared learning over the four year period, but all those who participated showed a net favourable change in attitude by the end of the research investigation.
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Ariga, Eiji, Shigeki Ito, Shizuhiko Deji, Takuya Saze, and Kunihide Nishizawa. "Development of dosimetry using detectors of diagnostic digital radiography systems." American Association of Physicists in Medicine, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8818.
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Henwood, Suzanne M. "Continuing professional development in diagnostic radiography : a grounded theory study." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288095.
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O'Regan, T. J. "An account of silence in diagnostic radiography : a cultural quilt." Thesis, University of Salford, 2019. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/49526/.
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Scholarly studies have resulted in literature that lists numerous different types, functions and motives for silence. The intention of this study was to produce an account of the silences that present in general and accident and emergency radiography (X-ray); collectively referred to as projection imaging. Because silence is multi-faceted and often ambiguous, requisite methods of collages and follow-up conversations were used in the study providing the flexibility to explore a fluid concept. Projection imaging staff consisting of assistant practitioners, radiographers and student radiographers were invited to take part in collage workshops that were supplemented by observations in clinical practice. Sixteen participants agreed to observations of their clinical practice. An additional twelve participants volunteered to join in collage workshops. The workshop participants chose images that represented silence in clinical practice and each produced a collage. Each workshop participant then attended an individual follow-up conversation to discuss individual collage. The methods allow the production of a series of collage images conceived to be a metaphorical cultural quilt: representing an account of silence and silent practices. Thematic analysis indicates that silence strategies are used to facilitate the smooth every day running of X-ray departments focused around five themes: emotional labour and social defence; workload; conflict; hierarchy and; dilemma. Silence is used to reflect and enact empathy for patients and colleagues; to facilitate staff and patient wellbeing; also to keep patient waiting times to a minimum. Additionally participants considered that silence reduces the threat of legal action, decreases emotional anxiety, lessens the demands of emotional labour and promote harmonious teamwork. The study has resulted in an increase in knowledge of silence and silencing strategies in relation to a focused area of projection imaging radiography culture. Set against a background of contemporary health care strategy that encourage the voice of staff and patients, this knowledge will be used to inform future service development, possibilities for change and innovation in the culture of practice. The study concludes that silence is both a help and hindrance to services in a clinical setting.
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Leung, Chung-Chu, and 梁中柱. "Use of generalized fuzzy operator in digital subtraction radiography." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245614.
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Whiting, Cheryl. "An investigation into the development of professionalism amongst diagnostic radiography students." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497401.
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This research explores diagnostic radiography students' perceptions of professionalism and how they learn and develop their understanding of what It means to be a professional. The research takes place at a time when advances in technology, expansion of roles, demands for public service (Hilton, 2004) and economic productivity (Bloor and Maynard, 2006) generate a multitude of competing professional expectations.
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Ferris, Christine Margaret. "The development of specialisation in diagnostic radiography : concepts, contexts and implications." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2005. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3193/.
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The aim of this project is to examine how specialisation in diagnostic radiography has occurred. In particular, this research aims to examine the contemporary ethos of specialism in diagnostic radiography; how the higher status of technology has developed over patient-centredness; the impact of the working relationship between radiology and diagnostic radiography on this development; the relationship between gender and the nature of occupation in the development of diagnostic radiography. Qualitative data was collected using 31 semi-structured interviews that took the form of oral histories where possible. The time-span covered is 1932-2001. Findings show that a paradigm shift is required. Defining specialism and expert practice is difficult, as both are negotiated constructs that tend to have local meaning. Not all specialisms in diagnostic radiography increase professional autonomy and management has a key role to play in the development of radiography as a profession to enable full engagement with consultant status. To a great extent, diagnostic radiography and its associated specialisms is governed by an emphasis on technology rather than the patient. This emphasis has roots in power difference between radiologists and radiographers and within the hierarchy of radiography. Radiologists have controlled radiographers to provide a service to radiology rather than the patients, and, although this is still evident in some hospitals, it is changing. Task offloading from radiologists to radiographers confuses the notions of specialism and radiography is in danger of seeking professional development through emulating radiology rather than using radiographic caring skills and expanding practice with a humanistic and patient focused emphasis. Radiography emerged as a pioneering, elite profession that could originally be regarded as a specialism of nursing. Technology and medicine gradually reduced radiographic practice to have a technological and quantitative focus. There is now a demand to once again broaden radiographic practice to actively contribute to a patient-centred service in an autonomous, more qualitative and self-directed manner. A collection of oral histories has been a direct result of this research. Specialisms are a broad area of diagnostic radiography and rather than focus on technological areas of practice, a more holistic range of specialisms could be embraced to enable the profession to progress.
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Willians, Razana. "Knowledge and understanding of radiographers regarding supraspinatus outlet projection for shoulder impingement syndrome." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4456.
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The shoulder is a complex anatomical structure and imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of shoulder conditions. The complexity of the shoulder’s anatomy has led to the development of multiple radiographic projections and techniques within plain film imaging with each projection intended to demonstrate specific aspects of the anatomy of the shoulder. However, reproducing the required projections can be difficult especially if radiographers are not familiar with the projections and their evaluation criteria. Literature has revealed the importance of a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of anatomy, patient positioning, beam direction and centring point, and evaluation criteria to ensure a quality projection for accurate diagnoses. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and understanding of radiographers with regard to the supraspinatus outlet projection (SOP) for shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) and its evaluation criteria. The inferences derived from the research findings were used to develop guidelines for a structured in-service training programme for practising radiographers to optimise their knowledge and understanding of the supraspinatus outlet projection in shoulder impingement syndrome. The proposed study followed a quantitative approach. Furthermore, a descriptive, exploratory, contextual design was employed. The research population consisted of practising radiographers working in the public and private hospitals of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of three sections. The first section requested demographic information from the participants. The second section assessed their knowledge and understanding regarding the scapular ‘Y’ and the supraspinatus outlet projections and shoulder impingement syndrome. The third section assessed their knowledge and understanding of anatomy and image evaluation/critiquing. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was ensured by conducting a pilot study and comparing the results with those of the main study. In addition, the expertise and guidance of a radiographer experienced in the clinical training of radiographers, the supervisor (who has twenty years’ experience in the teaching of radiographers) and a statistician was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed by means of a statistical programme and with the guidance of a statistician. The researcher ensured that the study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the ethical principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons.
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Kekana, R. M. "Teaching ethics, human rights and medical law to undergraduate diagnostic radiography students." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 7, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/544.
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Published ArticleMembers of society are fast becoming aware of their rights and many practitioners are at risk of losing their licence to practise due to unethical practices. The growing human rights violations commonly seen in vulnerable groups also pose challenges to healthcare workers, such as diagnostic radiographers, who often find themselves in situations where they have to disobey the laws to uphold ethical standards. This paper is a presentation of how ethics, human rights and medical law has been integrated into the undergraduate diagnostic radiography curriculum, and can be applied to other healthcare professions. To alleviate resistance to human rights teachings, I recommend the use of real life examples that are less sensitive 'politically' but true in order to gain the attention and cooperation of the diverse culture of the students.
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Sibanda, Lidion. "Diagnostic radiography requests in Zimbabwe’s public hospital complex: completeness, accuracy and justtification." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1552.
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A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Diagnostic Radiography
in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012Complete, accurate and justified radiological examination requests are prerequisite to radiological exposures. However, global research shows evidence of high numbers of incomplete and inaccurate requests as well as that up to 77% radiological exposures are unjustified. Plain lumbar spine and plain skull radiology examinations are reported as being procedures that generate high dose and a low diagnostic yield. This study was designed to objectively measure the completeness, accuracy and justification of these two examinations in an effort to make inferences that will contribute to an improved radiology service. This research could therefore have positive effects on optimisation of radiation protection in Zimbabwe. Methodology A non participatory prospective descriptive analytical document review of quota sampled radiological request forms for 200 plain skull and 200 plain lumbar spine examinations was employed. Data was captured using structured data collection instruments designed and tested by the researcher for this study. The instrument was designed using the IAEA-HHS4 (2010) minimum prescribed request data as a framework and adding additional form fields found to be relevant through a review of all identified radiological request template forms in use at the research site. Data analysis involved central tendency measures and inferential statistics. Results: The central tendency demonstrated for the two examinations was that generally referrers for plain lumbar spine and for plain skull radiology would respectively provide 38.9 +/- 0.6% and 40.2+/-0.5% overall examination request information. This information was significantly below expectation. There was however no significant difference between the samples’ means for the two examinations. The tendency demonstrated in patient information for lumbar spine and skull requests was that generally referrers would respectively provide 48.4 +/- 0.8% and 49.5+/- 0.8% patient information. These values were inclusive of each other and they were significantly (p=0.00 Sig.) below expectation. There was however no significant difference between the two examinations’ data. The tendency demonstrated for examination information was that referrers for the research site would generally provide 29.8+/-0.8% (lumbar) and 32.6+/-0.8% (Skull) examination information. These values were significantly (p=0.000 Sig.) below expectation and demonstrated a significant difference between the sample means for the two examinations. With respect to referrer information, the tendency demonstrated was that generally referrers for plain lumbar spine and for plain skull examinations would respectively provide 38+/- 1% and 38.5 +/- 0.8% referrer identification information. These were significantly below expectation (p= 0.000 Sig.) but there was no significant difference between the samples’ means with respect to referrer information. With respect to accuracy of request data, it was observed that 5% plain lumbar spine and 3% plain skull requests were specific in so far as information documented on request forms could unambiguously identify the area to be imaged. It was also observed that 22.5% (lumbar spine) and 12% (skull) examination requests were indicated and therefore justified. All requests forms were found to be legible. Conclusions: Generally, referrers to this research site tend to provide incomplete, inaccurate and unjustified radiological request data. The observed levels of completeness, accuracy and justification of requests were generally consistent between the two examinations relative to expectation. These levels had medico-legal implications and negative effects on optimisation of radiation protection to patients. Further research to establish causes of this variance in referral behaviour is recommended. The researcher also recommends further research to establish whether there is an association between requested examination and completeness, accuracy and justification of diagnostic radiology examination requests. Keywords: Radiation protection, radiological request, complete request, accurate request, justified request, plain skull imaging, plain lumbar spine imaging.
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Woznitza, Nick. "The diagnostic accuracy of reporting radiographer chest X-ray interpretations and their influence on clinicians' diagnostic decision-making : a comparison with consultant radiologists." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/15847/.
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Background: Diagnostic imaging plays an expanding and central role in patients' medical care. Radiographer clinical reporting is being increasingly used in patient focused services. There is a paucity of research that has examined radiographer chest X-ray reporting. Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of reporting radiographer chest X-ray (CXR) reporting and the influence that CXR reports have on clinicians' diagnostic decision-making. Method: A quasi-experimental study determined the diagnostic accuracy of a cohort of reporting radiographers in CXR interpretation, using a free-response methodology. The influence of CXR reports on clinicians' diagnostic decision-making was determined with a cohort study. A non-inferiority approach was used, in line with Royal College of Radiologists and College of Radiographers guidance that reporting radiographers must be comparable to consultant radiologists. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of reporting radiographers (RR) was non-inferior to consultant radiologists (CR) for all measures, all p < 0.0001; unweighted JAFROC (RR Figure of Merit [FoM]=0.828, 95%CI 0.808-0.847; CR FoM=0.788, 95%CI 0.766-0.811), weighted JAFROC (RR FoM=0.830, 95%CI 0.811-0.849; CR FoM=0.786, 95%CI 0.764-0.808) and inferred ROC (RR Area Under the Curve [AUC]=0.909, 95%CI 0.887-0.931; CR AUC=0.903, 95%CI 0.882-0.924). No difference was found in the number of CXR reports that produced a correct most likely and/or most serious diagnosis (RR 876 of 1337 cases; CR 810 of 1368; p=0.103). Uncorrected most likely diagnostic confidence (RR 72.5 to 80.2; CR 71.0 to 80.4) and uncorrected most serious diagnostic confidence (RR 34.0 to 41.9; CR 33.5 to 39.2) of reporting radiographer CXR reports was non-inferior to consultant radiologists (p < 0.001). Corrected most likely diagnostic confidence, calculated using the Tsushima methodology, was lower (RR 4.61; CR 5.02) with no apparent difference, but noninferiority was not confirmed (p > 0.05). Conclusion: With appropriate postgraduate education, reporting radiographers are able to interpret chest X-rays at a level comparable to consultant radiologists.
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Cantlay, Nicholas. "Sonographers' experiences of breaking bad news in prenatal ultrasound : a phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654968.
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Ullman, Gustaf. "Quantifying image quality in diagnostic radiology using simulation of the imaging system and model observers." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/med1050s.pdf.
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Hassan, Wan Muhammad Saridan bin Wan. "Measurement of modulation transfer function and Wiener-spectrum of diagnostic x-ray screen-film systems in a hospital setting." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286845.
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The thesis looks at various aspects of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and Wiener spectrum (WS) measurements for screen-film systems aiming at robust and simple methods for their routine measurement in a hospital setting. To measure the MTF of the film-screen systems, the square wave response function method was used. To normalise the MTF at a lower spatial frequency, a lead step and an object were incorporated into the measurement. Work on fitting the MTF data was carried out by considering two MTF models. To check if the current MTF calculation makes a low estimate, calculation using more terms in the Coltmann equation was performed. The value of the edge spread function method to measure the MTF was examined. The MTF of the microdensitometer was measured, and the correction factor for the screen-film. MTF based on this was calculated. MTF measurements of several screen-film combinations in use at the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary were made. The method used for the measurement of the WS of the screen-film was the fast Fourier transform digital method. A proper normalisation was chosen and implemented in the calculation. Low pass filtering, low frequency filtering, and windowing of the density fluctuation data were examined using sinusoidal and real noise data. The square shape of the scanning aperture of the microdensitomer was taken into account in the determination of WS. Slit length was synthesised and incorporated into the WS calculation. WS measurements of several screen-film combinations were made. A short receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study of two screen-film systems, recently introduced into Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, was undertaken to study the relationship between the physical measures of image quality that had been developed and the subjective measure based on the area under the ROC curve.
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Kalondo, Luzanne. "Effect of exposure charts on reject rate of extremity radiographs." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1168.
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This study discusses reject film analyses (RFAs) before and after the implementation of a quality improvement intervention. RFAs were undertaken to investigate the effect of the introduction and use of exposure charts (ECs) on department and student reject rates of extremity radiographs. Methods: A quantitative comparative pre and post-treatment research design was used. Data was collected from the x-ray departments of two training hospitals in Windhoek, Namibia over a five month period. A retrospective RFA was conducted to determine the department and student reject rates for both departments before intervention. Emphasis was placed on exposure related reject films. ECs were compiled and introduced at Katutura State Hospital (venue B) by the researcher. The students were instructed to use these charts. At Windhoek Central Hospital (venue A) no ECs were used. A prospective RFA was conducted to establish department and student reject rates at both hospitals after the intervention at venue B. Results: During the retrospective phase the department reject rate for venue A was 21 percent while the student reject rate was 23 percent. At venue B 24 percent and 26 percent were scored respectively. Students at venue A produced rejected radiographs due to overexposure (49 percent) and underexposure (23 percent), whilst 37 percent was recorded for both causes at venue B. At venue A, 35 percent of films were rejected due to incorrect mAs selection, at venue B the figure was 42 percent. Undiagnostic radiographs due to inaccurate kV selection comprised 62 percent for venue A and 59 percent for venue B. During the prospective phase the department reject rate for venue A was 20 percent and that of the students was 19 percent. For venue B 12 percent and 11 percent were scored respectively. At venue A radiographs rejected due to over and underexposure were 43 percent and 33 percent respectively while those at venue B were 33 percent and 34 percent. Incorrect mAs selection caused 33 percent of discarded films at venue A and 38 percent at venue B. The figures for inaccurate kV selection were 68 percent and 62 percent for venues A and B. Conclusions: The introduction and use of ECs lowered the student reject rate at venue B in the prospective phase.
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Sibanda, Lidion. "Diagnostic radiology capacity and demand in Zimbabwe : trends and forecast." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2517.
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Thesis (DTech (Radiology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.The aim of this study was to provide evidence basedforecast for radiology demand in Zimbabwe that would support policies aimed at optimising radiology resource allocation and utilisation. This was upon the realisation that the Ministry of Health and Childcare required such forecast in order to ensure equitable, accessible and quality health services as prescribed in the 2009-2015 National Health Strategy as well as in Section 29 and 76 of the Zimbabwean constitution. On the international perspective, many researchers have reported stable high demand for radiology services giving rise to long waiting lists and backlogs. In the United Kingdom’s National Health Services (NHS), there is general consensus that these waiting lists are caused by variation mismatches between capacity and demand for radiology services. Elsewhere, it has been reported that skill mix, role changes, dynamic nature of radiography teaching and learning, technology diffusion, service transaction time, overutilisation, and unjustified exposures are key drivers of high demand for radiology services. It has long been established that demand for radiology services is stochastic in nature, and therefore planning of future investments in radiology must be guided by an understanding of how these variables interact to model the criterion variable. However, there is paucity of information pertaining to key aspects of legitimate radiology demand forecasts. Formulation of these fundamental concepts formed the impetus of this study. A document review, interviews and non-participatory observations revealed that justification of radiology examinations, dynamic nature of radiography teaching and learning, diffusion of extended roles and technology, equipment and personnel capacity, and most importantly service transaction time all had an impact on the demand for radiology services in Zimbabwe. Limited diffusion of extended roles and technology had increased over a ten year period. Observed role changes were informal additions to the procedures normally carried out by radiographers and these were not supported by formal education. Consistent with global concerns, over utilisation and unjustified requests were a national concern. In situations where capacity outweighed demand, there was evidence that internal management of radiology departments was responsible for most variation mismatches which then gave rise to long waiting times.
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Al-Roubaie, Zahra. "Human breast images : segmentation, analysis and conversion to electrical parameter profiles for Semcad-X electromagnetic simulator." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116044.
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Electrical parameter profiles of human breast images can be used to simulate and analyze the anticipated effects on tissue from its interaction with electromagnetic fields involved in the cancer treatment exposure. In part, the success of this approach depends on the accuracy and precision in identifying the different tissue types. In this work, we propose two methods of segmenting human breast images with malignant tumors. The first method of algorithmic partitioning of the image involves manual color-edge contouring of the tissues using a cursor and subsequent identification of the tissue types. For the second method, MRI T1 values and thresholds are used to perform segmentation and we investigate the potential of incorporating edge detection. The first method is effective, while the second lacks precision, but eliminates the need of manual contouring. The images are imported as BMP files into SEMCAD, an electromagnetic simulation tool based on finite-difference time-domain method, which recognizes the grouped tissues and creates a model of the image. The model allows the user to easily assign electrical parameter values to the grouped tissues, according to the measured values reported in the literature.
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Larsson, Peter. "Calibration of Ionization Chambers for Measuring Air Kerma Integrated over Beam Area in Diagnostic Radiology." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk radiofysik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7848.
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The air kerma area product PKA is an important quantity used by hospital physicists in quality assurance and optimization processes in diagnostic radiology and is recommended by national authorities for setting of diagnostic reference levels. PKA can be measured using a transmission ionization chamber (kerma area product (KAP) meter) mounted on the collimator housing. Its signal QKAP must be calibrated to give values of PKA. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the factors influencing the accuracy of the calibration coefficients k= PKA/QKAP and of reported PKA-values. Due to attenuation and scatter in the KAP-meter and presence of extra-focal radiation, values of PKA depend on the choice of integration area A and the distance of the reference plane from the focal spot yielding values of PKA that may differ by as much as 23% depending on this choice. The two extremes correspond to (1) PKA=PKA,o integrated over the exit surface of the KAP-meter resulting in geometry independent calibration coefficients and (2) PKA=PKA,Anom integrated over the nominal beam area in the patient entrance plane resulting in geometry dependent calibration coefficients. Three calibration methods are analysed. Method 1 aims at determine PKA,Anom, for clinical use at the patient entrance plane. At standard laboratories, the method is used to calibrate with respect to radiation incident on the KAP-meter. Problems with extra-focal and scattered radiation are then avoided resulting in calibration coefficients with low standard uncertainty (±1.5 %, coverage factor 2). Method 2 was designed in this work to approach determination of PKA,o using thermoluminescent detectors to monitor contributions from extra-focal radiation and account for the heel effect. The uncertainty in derived calibration coefficients was ± 3% (coverage factor 2). Method 3 uses a Master KAP-meter calibrated at a standard laboratory for incident radiation to calibrate clinical KAP-meters. It has potential to become the standard method in the future replacing the tedious method 2 for calibrations aiming at determination of PKA,o. Commercially available KAP-meters use conducting layers of indium oxide causing a strong energy dependence of their calibration coefficients. This dependence is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements. It may introduce substantial uncertainties in reported PKA– values since calibration coefficients as obtained from standard laboratories are often available only at one filtration (2.5 mm Al) as function of tube voltage or HVL. This is not sufficient since higher filtrations are commonly used in practice, including filters of Cu. In extreme cases, calibration coefficients for the same value of HVL but using different tube voltages and filtrations can deviate by as much as 30%. If standardised calibration methods are not used and choice of calibration coefficients not carefully chosen with respect to beam quality, the total uncertainty in reported PKA–values may be as large as 40-45%. Conversion of PKA-values to risk related quantities is briefly discussed. The large energy dependence of the conversion coefficients, ε/PKA, for determination of energy imparted,ε, to the patient reduces to a lower energy dependence of calibration coefficients CQ,ε = ε/QKAP for determination of ε from the KAP-meter signal.
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Quainoo, James Kobina. "Diagnostic radiography in Ghana : a model for establishing quality standards in professional education and practice in Africa." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275010.
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Osei, Ernest Kwaku. "Assessment of fetal radiation dose to patients and staff in diagnostic radiology." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323356.
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Blom, Elena, and Jenny Svensson. "Omhändertagande i samband med röntgenundersökning : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183315.
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Bakgrund: Röntgensjuksköterskan måste på kort tid bilda en förståelse för patienten och dennes behov för att kunna tillämpa ett gott omhändertagande. Det finns många delar inom omhändertagandet som måste appliceras för att kunna säkerställa en patientsäker vård. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa röntgensjuksköterskans erfarenheter av omhändertagande av patient i samband med röntgenundersökning. Metod: En litteraturstudie innehållande nio kvalitativa studier. Sökningarna genomfördes i Pubmed, Cinahl och Scopus. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier och sex underkategorier. Kategorierna bestod av: Medvetenhet om ansvaret, Känna krav på att vara och Hantera utmaningar. Konklusion: Hur röntgensjuksköterskan kommunicerar med patienten har en stor betydelse för hur mottaglig patienten blir mot den information som delges. Att ta sig tid att läsa av individen och dennes behov kan bidra till ett bättre omhändertagande. En tydligare beskrivning inom området som kan ge en vägledning vid olika patientmöten skulle kunna vara en tillgång för nyutexaminerade. Nyckelord: erfarenheter, radiografi, röntgenundersökning, omhändertagande, röntgensjuksköterskaBackground: The radiographer must in a short time form an understanding of the patient and his or her needs in order to be able to apply good care. There are many parts of care that must be applied to be able to ensure patient-safe care. Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to illuminate the radiographers’ experiences of the care of patients in connection with an diagnostic imaging examination. Method: A literature study containing nine qualitative studies. The searches were conducted in Pubmed, Cinahl and Scopus. Result: The analysis resulted in three categories and six subcategories. The categories consisted of: Awareness of responsibility, Feel the need to be effective and Handle challenges. Conclusion: How the radiographer communicates with the patient is of great importance for how receptive the patient becomes to the information provided. Taking the time to read the individual and his needs can contribute to better care. A clearer description in the area that can provide guidance at various patient meetings could be an asset for recent graduates. Keywords: experience, radiography, diagnostic imaging examination, caring for, radiographer
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Du, Plessis J., H. S. Friedrich-Nel, and Tonder S. P. Van. "An investigation towards the need for a postgraduate qualification in the specialisation fields of Diagnostic Radiography at the CUT." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal: Vol 9, Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/341.
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Published ArticleThe current master's degree qualification in Diagnostic Radiography at the Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT) is research based and does seemingly not address the need for training in the specialisation fields of Diagnostic Radiography sufficiently. To address this problem, a needs assessment was conducted amongst qualified diagnostic radiographers in Bloemfontein and Kimberley by means of quantitative questionnaires, qualitative interviews and a focus group discussion. The main aim of the needs assessment was to determine the need for a postgraduate qualification for radiographers in the specialised fields. The possible structure of such a program and the preferred mode of delivery were also investigated. The results of the study emphasised the need for a structured postgraduate learning programme in the specialisation fields in Diagnostic Radiography in the region. Responding to this validated need for a structured postgraduate qualification at the CUT, the current master's degree was revised to accommodate the results of the study and it was proposed to the Professional Board for Radiography and Clinical Technology for approval.
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Sechopoulos, Ioannis. "Investigation of physical processes in digital x-ray tomosynthesis imaging of the breast." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22589.
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Carneiro, Junior Elcio Gomes. "Avaliação da espessura da camada de imagem de tres tomografos odontologicos convencionais." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288993.
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Orientador: Francisco Haiter NetoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Este estudo tem por objetivo para comparar 3 tipos de imagem em cortes transversais. Foram utilizadas na pesquisa sete mandíbulas humanas secas e desdentadas na região de primeiro molar inferior. Nesta região, foram colocados marcadores radiopacos espaçados um do outro. Foram realizadas tomografias da região de primeiro molar inferior, utilizando diferentes espessuras de corte de três Tomógrafos Odontológicos Convencionais. Cada equipamento realizou um tipo de movimento tomográfico diferente: O aparelho Instrumentarium OP 100 realizou movimento linear, o aparelho Planmeca PROMAX realizou movimento linear corrigido e o aparelho Soredex TOME movimento espiral. Cinco avaliadores analisaram imagens produzidas e deram notas às imagens. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Comparando os aparelhos, foi possível verificar que o tipo de movimento tomográfico não alterou a nitidez imagem tomográfica. A comparação das imagens por espessura de corte foi possível verificar que o aparelho OP 100, gerou valores mais próximos aos relatados pelos fabricantes. Também, a espessura da camada de borramento foi variável dependendo da espessura de corte
Abstract: This study was designed to compare 3 modalities of cross-seccional imaging. On this work seven dry human mandibles on the first molar region were used. In this region radiopacs markers were placed within space between each marker. Some Tomography¿s exams were made at the first inferior molar, using different cut¿s thickness images from three conventional tomograph¿s machines. Each equipment had a different type of tomographic movement: the Instrumentarium OP 100 had a linear movement, the Planmeca PROMAX had a true linear movement and the Soredex TOME had the multidirectional movement. Five radiologists evaluated and scored the images. The data were submitted into a statistic¿s analysis. Comparing the machines, it was possible to verify that the tomography movement type had no effect on the diagnostic accuracy and quality. However comparing the images by cut¿s thickness, it was possible to verify that the OP 100 machine had the cut¿s thickness similar to manufacturer report. Moreover, depending on the cut¿s thickness the blurry layers vary
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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Bustamante, Heinsohn Diego Victor. "Khamapirad radiologic criteria as a predictor of pneumonia's bacterial etiology." Elsevier Editora Ltda, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624609.
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Lester, Sonia. "A study of scattered radiation in diagnostic radiology using Monte Carlo simulation." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287993.
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Houam, Lotfi. "Contribution à l'analyse de textures de radiographies osseuses pour le diagnostic précoce de l'ostéoporose." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022935.
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L'ostéoporose est une maladie osseuse caractérisée par une perte importante de la masse osseuse et des altérations de la microarchitecture du tissu osseux. Aujourd'hui, en routine clinique, le diagnostic de l'ostéoporose est basé principalement sur une mesure de la densité minérale osseuse qui n'est pas suffisante, car elle doit être accompagnée par une analyse de la qualité de la microarchitecture osseuse. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent la caractérisation des images de radiographies osseuses pour le diagnostic précoce de l'ostéoporose. Pour ce faire, afin de mieux caractériser la texture osseuse sur radiographie, nous avons introduit une nouvelle technique de prétraitement des données pour réduire les redondances et éliminer le bruit issu des capteurs d'acquisition. Pour la caractérisation, nous avons proposé une nouvelle technique d'analyse inspirée des motifs binaires locaux (Local Binary Patterns, LBP). Le nouveau descripteur, appelé 1DLBP (One Dimensional Local Binary Patterns) s'applique de manière unidimensionnelle. Pour tester l'efficacité de notre approche, nous avons réalisé deux études cliniques où le nouveau descripteur LBP1D est comparé à la méthode classique, LBP afin de classifier des patients ostéoporotiques et des sujets sains. Les pourcentages de classification obtenus ont été améliorés de 72% avec la méthode classique LBP à 91% avec le nouveau descripteur 1DLBP.
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Hayre, Christopher Maverick. "Radiography observed : an ethnographic study exploring contemporary radiographic practice." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14517/.
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This study explores the day-to-day application of digital radiography (DR) within the X-ray environment. This study presents the voices of the radiographers' untold views, attitudes and experiences of DR through the process of observing, listening, retelling and interpreting junior and senior radiographers' responses. There were three stages to this ethnographic study. Firstly, exploring 'what radiographers did' environment by observing clinical practices. This provided 'first-hand' experience of action-in-process. Secondly, 22 semi-structured interviews were undertaken, directed by emerging themes and informal discussions from the clinical observations. Semi-structured interviews provided an understanding of the experiences, behaviours and attitudes of radiographers providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between practice and context. Thirdly, X-ray experiments were undertaken contributing to 'what had been seen and said by participants'. This data was later triangulated to support the research objectives outlined in this PhD research. Observation and interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and grouped into four overarching categories; learning, radiographer challenges, ionising radiation and patient care delivery. X-ray experimental data was inputted into SPSS and later coded. The qualitative data had numerous codes, which generated themes and could be linked in order to generate theoretical descriptions. Multiple-linear regression analysis and Pearson's Correlation provide statistically significant values (p < 0.001) for the experimental models contributing to 'what had been seen and said' by radiographers in the clinical environment. This thesis provides new insights into general radiographic practices using advancing technology. The conclusions that can be drawn from the empirical data is that advancing technology has impacted the day-to-day practices of diagnostic radiographers. Complex phenomena include; current knowledge and understanding, the practice of keeping doses 'as low as reasonably practicable' and impact on patient care delivery. These insights suggest that healthcare and academic environments may require additional support in the aim of delivering optimum patient care.
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Wiseman, Martin Nurock. "First pass radionuclide angiography and the evaluation of valvular regurgitation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301300.
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Qureshi, Adnan Nabeel Abid. "Computer aided assessment of CT scans of traumatic brain injury patients." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/601083.
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One of the serious public health problems is the Traumatic Brain Injury, also known as silent epidemic, affecting millions every year. Management of these patients essentially involves neuroimaging and noncontrast CT scans are the first choice amongst doctors. Significant anatomical changes identified on the neuroimages and volumetric assessment of haemorrhages and haematomas are of critical importance for assessing the patients’ condition for targeted therapeutic and/or surgical interventions. Manual demarcation and annotation by experts is still considered gold standard, however, the interpretation of neuroimages is fraught with inter-observer variability and is considered ’Achilles heel’ amongst radiologists. Errors and variability can be attributed to factors such as poor perception, inaccurate deduction, incomplete knowledge or the quality of the image and only a third of doctors confidently report the findings. The applicability of computer aided dianosis in segmenting the apposite regions and giving ’second opinion’ has been positively appraised to assist the radiologists, however, results of the approaches vary due to parameters of algorithms and manual intervention required from doctors and this presents a gap for automated segmentation and estimation of measurements of noncontrast brain CT scans. The Pattern Driven, Content Aware Active Contours (PDCAAC) Framework developed in this thesis provides robust and efficient segmentation of significant anatomical landmarks, estimations of their sizes and correlation to CT rating to assist the radiologists in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis more confidently. The integration of clinical profile of the patient into image segmentation algorithms has significantly improved their performance by highlighting characteristics of the region of interest. The modified active contour method in the PDCAAC framework achieves Jaccard Similarity Index (JI) of 0.87, which is a significant improvement over the existing methods of active contours achieving JI of 0.807 with Simple Linear Iterative Clustering and Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of intracranial measurements is >0.97 compared with radiologists. Automatic seeding of the initial seed curve within the region of interest is incorporated into the method which is a novel approach and alleviates limitation of existing methods. The proposed PDCAAC framework can be construed as a contribution towards research to formulate correlations between image features and clinical variables encompassing normal development, ageing, pathological and traumatic cases propitious to improve management of such patients. Establishing prognosis usually entails survival but the focus can also be extended to functional outcomes, residual disability and quality of life issues.
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Fung, Karl Ka Lok. "Investigation of dosimetric characteristics of the high sensitivity LiF : Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosemeter and its applications in diagnostic radiology." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/752/.
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PIRES, JOAO dos S. J. "Avaliação da grandeza tensão de pico prática em equipamentos clínicos utilizados em radiodiagnóstico." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11716.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
36
HONDA, CRISTIANE J. de C. "Aplicação de câmaras de ionização especiais para controle de qualidade em mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23915.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Wu, Bangxian, and 吴邦限. "Clinical applications of imaging informatics: computer aided diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on PET-CTand multimedia electronic patient record system for neurosurgery." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48521917.
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Medical imaging informatics is one of the important research areas in radiology that studies how information available on medical images is retrieved, analyzed, and enhanced. Recent development in medical imaging informatics has resulted in improvement of diagnostic accuracy based on imaging examinations, as well as efficiency in clinical workflow. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) and electronic patient record system (ePR) are both topics in medical imaging informatics that have matured from research concepts into commercially available computerized systems in clinical environment. The current challenges are to further broaden their scope of applications. In this thesis project, I developed a CAD system for interpreting PET/CT examinations and an ePR system for patient data integration in neurosurgery suites.
Specifically, the CAD system in this project was designed to automatically diagnose nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) on Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations, which aimed to detect and classify both the primary NPC and its nodal metastasis. The regions of interests (ROIs) were segmented from the PET images and registered onto the CT in order to combine the imaging features from both modalities and the a priori anatomical knowledge of the suspicious lesion. These combined features were then classified by a support vector machine (SVM) to generate the final diagnosis result. The system was validated with 25 PET/CT examinations from 10 patients suffering from NPC, and the result produced by the system was compared to the gold standard of lesions manually contoured by experienced radiologists. The results confirmed that the system successfully distinguished all 53 genuine lesions from the mimickers due to normal physiological uptake and artifacts that also produced potentially confusing signals.
The second part of the project involved development of an electronic patient record system (ePR) that integrated all the myriad of images and different types of clinical information before, during, and after neurosurgery operations, in order to enhance efficiency of work flow in this unique clinical environment. The system comprises of pre-, intra-, and post-operation modules which correspond to the different stages of the neurosurgery. The pre-op module was developed to store and categorize all images and data before the procedure to assist the surgeons in planning operation. The intra-op module integrates all the input signals, waveforms, images and videos that are produced by different imaging and physiological monitoring devices in the operation room during the surgery, and displays all the relevant information in a single large screen in real time to ease monitoring of the procedure. The post-op module helps surgeons to review all the data acquired from all the prior stages for follow-up of the treatment outcome. One-tumor case was utilized to test the pre-op module, and the signals and waveforms simulators were used to evaluate the performance of the intra-op module.
In summary, two different medical informatics systems, a CAD and an ePR system were developed. Both showed promising results in laboratory tests. Future work would involve performance enhancement and feedback of the systems, and ultimately evaluation of these systems in the clinical environment.published_or_final_version
Diagnostic Radiology
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Davidson, Florence Elizabeth. "Using the Delphi technique to define the clinical competencies required by newly qualified diagnostic radiographers in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1557.
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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006This research was performed to obtain consensus of opinion on the clinical competencies required of newly qualified diagnostic radiographers in South Africa in an attempt to improve alignment between educational practices, assessment practices and workplace requirements. Methods: The Delphi technique, an effective group communication process was employed to recruit a panel of experts representing the radiography profession in South Africa. Three rounds of structured questionnaires together with controlled feedback were sent to the panel members for comment. The same four point Likert scale was employed in all three rounds of the questionnaire. Consensus of opinion was predetermined at >75% agreement for each clinical competency. Results: Response rates for rounds I, 2 and 3 were: 84% (n=49), 78% (n=45) and 69% (n = 40) respectively. Of the 109 clinical competencies listed in the first round questionnaire, 94 (86%) achieved consensus as being necessary clinical competencies required of newly qualified diagnostic radiographers. The remainders were further investigated in terms of whether they should be excluded or included in role extension possibilities. An additional 22 clinical competencies were also suggested by the panel in round I and further developed in subsequent rounds
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Broadhead, Dawn. "Large scale entrance surface dose survey and organ dose measurements during diagnostic radiology using the Harshaw 5500 and 6600 TLD systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366517.
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Chapple, Claire Louise. "The optimisation of radiation dose in paediatric radiology." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/497.
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The importance of monitoring, and where possible reducing, the level of radiation dose from diagnostic X-ray examinations has been recognised for many years and is becoming of increasing concern. Dose reduction is of particular concern in paediatric radiology, and there are specific problems associated with the monitoring and comparison of radiation doses to children. Any optimisation study relies on a framework of good dosimetry. Two techniques have been developed to improve the collection of patient dose data: the automation of survey techniques to increase the quantity of data collected; and a method of correcting for patient size which reduces one source of variability in the data. An optimisation strategy has been developed, consisting of theoretical simulations, experimental verification and clinical implementation. Monte Carlo techniques were used for the theoretical study, which investigated the effect of beam filtration on radiation dose and image quality for a wide range of parameters, specifically for a neonatal size phantom. Simulations included both radiography of bone in soft tissue and fluoroscopy of iodine and barium based contrast media. The results were assessed in terms of the beam spectra and the absorption and transmission characteristics of the phantom and image receptor. Experimental measurements of dose and contrast were made for a simple slab phantom corresponding to that simulated, and results showed good agreement with those predicted. A further set of experimental measurements were carried out using anthropomorphic phantoms in a clinical setting, which demonstrated how the theoretical predictions translated to clinical practice. A clinical trial of the use of a 0.1mm copper filter for fluoroscopic examinations of infants was performed, and the filter shown to give substantial dose reduction with no significant loss in image quality. Some general recommendations on dose quantities and the application of optimisation strategies to paediatric radiology have been made.
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Geijer, Håkan. "Radiation dose and image quality in diagnostic radiology : optimization of the dose - image quality relationship with clinical experience from scoliosis radiography, coronary intervention and a flat-panel digital detector /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med706s.htm.
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NERSISSIAN, DENISE Y. "Determinacao das dimensoes do ponto focal de tubos de raios X utilizando um sensor CCD e o metodo das funcoes de transferencias." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11246.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
43
Navarro, Ballester Antonio. "Hallazgos radiológicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar y su correlación con la presencia de cultivo positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403664.
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ste estudio utilizó los hallazgos de radiografías simples y tomografía computarizada, así como algunos parámetros epidemiológicos para predecir la presencia de tuberculosis pulmonar activa. Para ello, estudiamos una muestra 1.549 pacientes, constituida por aquellos individuos del área de influencia de nuestro hospital que fueron sometidos a un cultivo y a una TC pulmonar ante una sospecha de tuberculosis durante el periodo comprendido entre el año 2005 y 2014. Como resultados del modelo de regresión logística multivariante, se presentaron los parámetros estimados (β) con su error estándar (EE). Además, se determinó una puntuación relativa usando el β estimado como base, obteniéndose así un modelo matemático que permitió realizar el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis pulmonar en nuestros pacientes con una sensibilidad del 85.1 % y una especificidad del 83.6 %, con un VPP del 26.6 % y un VPN del 98.7 %.This study used the findings of simple x-rays and computed tomography as well as some epidemiological parameters to predict the presence of active pulmonary tuberculosis. To do this, we studied a sample of 1,549 patients, constituted by those individuals from the area of influence of our hospital who underwent culture and lung CT with a suspicion of tuberculosis during the period between 2005 and 2014. As results of the model of multivariate logistic regression, the estimated parameters (β) were presented with their standard error (SS). In addition, a relative score was determined using the estimated β as the base, obtaining a mathematical model that allowed the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in our patients with a sensitivity of 85.1% and a specificity of 83.6%, with a PVP of 26.6% and A NPV of 98.7%.
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Nascimento, Helena Aguiar Ribeiro do 1986. "Detecção de fraturas radiculares verticais em radiografias convencionais e digitais obtidas em três diferentes sistemas na presença e ausência de material intracanal." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290664.
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Orientador: Deborah Queiroz de Freitas FrançaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo no presente estudo foi avaliar a detecção de fraturas radiculares verticais (FRVs) em radiografias convencionais (RCs) e obtidas em três sistemas digitais com diferentes condições intracanal. Foram utilizados 40 dentes humanos unirradiculares com as coroas seccionadas na junção cemento-esmalte. Em seguida, os dentes foram divididos em dois grupos com 20 dentes em cada: grupo controle sem fratura e grupo com FRV. As FRVs foram induzidas em uma máquina de ensaio universal. Após, todos os dentes foram posicionados individualmente no alvéolo de uma secção mandíbula humana seca. Foram obtidas imagens de todos os dentes de acordo com a condição intracanal: sem preenchimento, com guta-percha, com pino metálico e com pino de fibra de vidro. As imagens foram obtidas utilizando-se a técnica do paralelismo e três incidências (orto, mésio e distorradial), com filme convencional (Kodak), placas de armazenamento de fósforo (Digora Optime® e VistaScan®) e um sensor CMOS (SnapShot®). Todas as imagens foram avaliadas por cinco examinadores em uma escala de 5 pontos. Após trinta dias, 25% da amostra foi reavaliada. As reprodutibilidades intra e interexaminador foram avaliadas por meio do Teste Kappa ponderado. Foram calculados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia, valores preditivos positivo e negativo. A comparação das avaliações com o padrão-ouro foi obtida utilizando a área sob a curva ROC, comparadas por meio da análise de variância dois critérios com teste post-hoc de Tukey e nível de significância de 5%. As reprodutibilidades intra e interexaminador exibiram valores de moderado a substancial. Apenas a sensibilidade apresentou diferença significante entre as modalidades de imagem, com valores superiores para o SnapShot (53,3%) e VistaScan (46,0%), seguidos pela RC (41,0%) e Digora (37,5%). Ainda o sistema SnapShot (0,82) apresentou área sob a curva ROC maior que os demais (VistaScan: 0,70; Digora: 0,64; RC: 0,68) na presença do pino de fibra de vidro. Foi possível concluir que todas as modalidades de exame apresentaram um bom desempenho no diagnóstico de FRV na ausência de material intracanal e inferior na presença do pino metálico ou guta-percha. Na condição com pino de fibra de vidro, sistemas digitais com maiores resoluções devem ser preferidos
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the detection of vertical root fractures (VRFs) in conventional radiography (CR) and three digital systems in teeth with different intracanal condition. The sample consisted of forty single-rooted human teeth, in which the crowns were sliced at the cementoenamel junction. Then, the teeth were divided equally in two groups: control without fracture and root fracture. The VRFs were induced through a universal testing machine. After this process, all teeth were individually placed in a dry mandible. The images were obtained of all teeth according to the intracanal condition: no filling, gutta-percha, metal and fiberglass post. The images were obtained using the parallelism technique with three different horizontal angulations (ortho, mesial and distorradial) with conventional film (CF) (Kodak), two storage phosphor plates (Digora Optime® and VistaScan®) and one CMOS sensor system (SnapShot®). All images were evaluated by five examiners on a 5-point scale. After thirty days, 25% of the images were re-evaluated. The intra and interobserver reproducibility were calculated using the weighted-kappa test. Values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The area under the ROC curve of all modalities in the presence of different intracanal materials was calculated and compared using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey test and a significance level of 5%. The intra- and interobserver reproducibility values ranged from moderate to substantial. Only the sensitivity showed a significant difference between imaging modalities, with higher values for SnapShot (53,3%) and VistaScan (46,0%), followed by the CR (41,0%) and Digora (37,5%). Also SnapShot (0,82) had an area under the ROC curve greater than the others in the fiberglass post group (VistaScan: 0,70; Digora: 0,64; CR: 0,68). It was concluded that all imaging modalities had a good performance in the diagnosis of VRF in the absence of intracanal materials and lower in the presence of the metal post or gutta-percha. In the fiberglass post group, digital systems with higher resolution should be used
Mestrado
Radiologia Odontologica
Mestra em Radiologia Odontológica
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ALCANTARA, MARCELA C. "Avaliacao dos criterios de qualidade de imagem e estudo das doses em um departamento de mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9470.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Zangrando, Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti. "Análise radiográfica do tratamento de defeitos infra-ósseos humanos por meio de retalho de espessura total reposto associado ou não à proteína da matriz do esmalte: resultados após dois anos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23146/tde-22122010-145203/.
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O objetivo deste estudo clínico aleatório, boca dividida e duplo cego foi avaliar por meio de mensurações radiográficas lineares, o tratamento de defeitos infra-ósseos de 2 ou 3 paredes com retalho de espessura total reposto (RET) associado ou não à proteína derivada da matriz do esmalte (PME) após 24 meses. Foram avaliados 10 pacientes com periodontite crônica apresentando 2 ou mais defeitos infra-ósseos, totalizando 43 defeitos. As tomadas radiográficas foram realizadas antes do procedimento cirúrgico e após 24 meses. Foram confeccionados registros oclusais individualizados para padronização das radiografias. As películas radiográficas foram digitalizadas (500dpi/8bits) em um escaner (SprintScan 35 Plus scanner-Polaroid). O software AxioVision (version 3.0-Carl Zeiss) foi utilizado para mensurar as distâncias da junção esmalte-cemento (JEC) à crista óssea alveolar (CO), JEC ao fundo do defeito (FD) e o ângulo do defeito infra-ósseo. Uma escala milimétrica foi adquirida através da calibração de uma tela radiográfica de 1x1mm. Um examinador cego e calibrado realizou todas as mensurações radiográficas. A análise estatística utilizou nível de significância p=0,05. Após 24 meses, foi observada uma significante perda da crista óssea (JEC-CO) para PME (1,01mm; p=0,049), mas não para RET (0,14mm; p=0,622), no entanto, sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos (p=0,37). A redução da profundidade do defeito ósseo (JEC-FD) foi significante para RET (0,70mm; p=0,005), mas não para PME (-0,04mm; p=0,86), sem diferenças detectadas entre os grupos (p=0,87). Ambos PME (0,69; p=0,82) e RET (5,71; p=0,24) demonstraram um aumento nas medidas do ângulo do defeito, mas sem diferenças após 24 meses ou entre os grupos (p=0,35). Nesta amostra, a análise por meio de medidas radiográficas lineares computadorizadas não foi capaz de demonstrar superioridade do tratamento de defeitos infra-ósseos de 2 e 3 paredes com a aplicação da PME em comparação ao RET após 24 meses.The aim of this randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was evaluate, using linear radiographic measurements, infra-bony defects treated with enamel matrix protein (EMP) or repositioned flap (RF), after 24 months. Ten healthy patients with chronic periodontitis presenting 2 or more defects were selected, totalizing 43 defects. Radiographic data were collected just before surgery and after 24 months. An individualized film holder was used to take standardized radiographs. Images were digitized (500dpi/8bits) with the SprintScan 35 Plus scanner (Polaroid). The AxioVision (version 3.0) software (Carl Zeiss) was used to measure the distances from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (AC), CEJ to the bottom of the defect (BD) and infra-bony defect angle. A milimetric scale was achieved after calibration with a 1x1mm grid. A blind calibrated examiner performed all radiographic measurements. Statistical analysis used a level of significance of p=0,05. After 24 months, a significant crestal bone loss (CEJ-AC) was observed for EMP (1,01mm; p=0,049) but not for RF (0,14mm; p=0,622), however, no differences were detected between groups (p=0,37). Reduction of the bone defect depth (CEJBD) was significant for RF (0,70mm; p=0,005) but not for EMP (-0,04mm; p=0,86), while no differences were detected between them (p=0,87). Both EMP (0,69; p=0,82) and RF (5,71; p=0,24) showed an improvement in defect angle measurements but no significant differences were observed after 24 months or between them (p=0,35). In this sample, the linear radiographic analysis was not able to demonstrate the superiority of EMP treated infra-bony defects when compared to RF alone after 24 months.
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Bueno, Gabriela Marchiori [UNESP]. "Estudo mielográfico comparativo entre meios de contraste iopamidol e ioexol em bezerros." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136124.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Devido à escassez de estudos mielográficos em bovinos e relatos de complicações no procedimento, o presente estudo teve por objetivo estudar a eficácia e segurança dos meios de contrastes utilizados a fim de nortear a escolha mais adequada para o diagnóstico de afecções vertebrais e medulares em bovinos. Foram utilizados dez bezerros holandeses, hígidos de sete dias a dois meses de idade. Os bezerros formaram dois grupos, um deles recebeu Ioexol e o outro Iopamidol, na cisterna cerebelomedular. Foi realizado estudo mielográfico da coluna vertebral na posição látero-lateral, que foram reproduzidas em tempos determinados em minutos totalizando 20 tempos, para posterior análise da opacidade, detalhes da imagem, distensão do canal medular e progressão da linha de contraste. Após a mielografia os animais foram observados durante a recuperação até deambulação. Após intervalo de sete dias foi realizado segundo período experimental, que compreendeu na inversão do meio de contraste dentro de cada grupo. Diferenças significativas em relação à qualidade da imagem e velocidade do preenchimento da coluna medular entre os dois meios de contrastes estudados não foram observadas. Não foram observadas anormalidades clínica após o exame mielográfico. Conclui-se que para a obtenção de imagens mielográficas com excelente radiopacidade, rica em detalhes, com distensão do espaço subaracnoide adequada e completa progressão da linha do contraste é necessário que as tomadas radiográficas sejam no segmento cervical de 6 a 8 minutos após a administração do contraste, no segmento torácico oitenta minutos após inoculação do contraste e nos segmentos lombar, sacral e cauda equina após vinte minutos da aplicação do meio de contraste. Os dois meios de contraste propostos foram seguros e equivalentes.
Due to the shortage of myelographic studies in cattle and reports of complications in the procedure, this study aimed to study the efficacy and safety of contrast media used to guide the most appropriate choice for the diagnosis of vertebral and spinal cord diseases in cattle. Ten Holstein calves, healthy seven days to two months of age were used. Calves formed two groups, one received iohexol and iopamidol other in cerebelomedular tank. Myelographic study was conducted on the spine side-to-side position, they are reproduced in time determined 20 minutes total time for analysis of the opacity image, details, distension medullary canal and contrast line progression. After myelography animals were observed during recovery to ambulation. After seven days interval was performed according to experimental period understood that the inversion of the contrast medium within each group. Significant differences in image quality and speed of fulfillment of the spinal column between the two means of studied contrasts were not observed. There were no clinical abnormalities after myelographic examination. We conclude that to obtain myelographic images with excellent radiopacity, rich in detail, with distension of subarachnoid space adequate and complete progression of contrast is line necessary that the radiographs are in the cervical segment 6 to 8 minutes after contrast administration in the thoracic segment eighty minutes after inoculation contrast and lumbar segments, sacral and cauda equina twenty minutes after the application of the contrast medium. The two contrast media were proposed insurance and the like.
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GUERRA, ALINE B. "Estabelecimento e controle de qualidade de feixes padroes de radiacao X para calibracao de instrumentos, nivel mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10849.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Bittar-Cortez, Juliana Araujo. "Aplicação do recurso de subtração radiografica digital na avaliação da região perimplantar." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289006.
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Orientador: Francisco Haiter NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O exame radiográfico após a instalação de implantes endósseos é um importante meio auxiliar de diagnóstico para se avaliar as alterações no tecido ósseo adjacente, pois durante as fases de reparo e remodelação, no primeiro ano após a implantação ocorre uma redução do osso marginal. Foi proposto investigar o uso da subtração radiográfica digital na avaliação da região perimplantar em um estudo in vivo. Trinta e quatro pacientes foram monitorados através de radiografias periapicais convencionais padronizadas, no primeiro acompanhamento pósoperatório após a cirurgia para instalação de implantes endósseos e quatro meses após, antes da segunda fase cirúrgica, ao final do período de remodelação óssea. As radiografias foram digitalizadas e imagens de subtração radiográfica digital foram criadas por meio de um programa de computador denominado EMAGO. Os dois tipos de imagens, digitalizadas e subtração radiográfica digital, foram comparadas quantitativamente a partir de medidas de densidade óssea, obtidas por meio do histograma de uma área selecionada e por meio de medidas lineares da altura óssea presente avaliando também a reprodutibilidade interobservadores. Dentro das condições deste estudo, concluiu-se que a subtração radiográfica digital tem uma capacidade de diagnóstico semelhante à imagem digitalizada convencional na avaliação de densidade óssea, entretanto, medidas de altura óssea podem ter valores mais próximos do real utilizando imagens de subtração, mas essas medidas apresentam uma variabilidade inter-observadores
Abstract: Radiographic evaluation in connection with implant installation is an important means of diagnosing changes in bone tissue around the implant, where during the healing and the early remodeling phases, a slight reduction of the marginal bone height occurs in the first year after implant placement. The proposition for this research was to validate the use of the digital subtractionradiography in the perimplant region assessment in an in vivo study. Thirty four patients were monitored by standardized periapical conventional radiography in thefirst postoperative follow-up after surgery for implant placement and four months later, prior to the second-stage surgery at the end of the healing period. The radiographs were digitized and digital subtraction radiography was created by means of EMAGO software. The two types of images, digitized and digitalsubtraction radiography, were compared quantitatively by measuring bone density of a selected area by the histogram and by assessing bone height with linear measurements and also evaluating the reproducible inter-observers. Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that digital subtraction radiography has similar diagnostic performance to those of conventional digitized radiography in evaluating bone density however, bone height can be more precisely assessed with the subtraction images but the measurements has an inter-observers variability
Mestrado
Radiologia Odontologica
Mestre em Radiologia Odontológica
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Barros, Renata Quirino de Almeida. "Radiografia panorâmica e tomografia cone beam: Análise de tumores dos maxilares." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1681.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-20The diagnosis through image of neoplastic lesions that affect the maxillomandibular complex has been worthful for dentists in the elaboration of the surgical planning. This work aims to evaluate and correlationate the accuracy of panoramic radiography compared to the cone beam computed tomography, regarding the delineation of odontogenic and non-odontogenic tumors, diagnosed at the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, in the period between November 2009 and March 2011. There were 23 tumors diagnosed in various regions of the maxillomandibular complex, whose panoramic radiographies and computed tomographies were analyzed by 2 radiologists, in terms of the following radiographic aspects: radiolucency, presence or absence of mineralizations, definition of the lesions edges, expansion and breaking of bone cortical, as well as the relation to the anatomic structures and dental elements. The results were: 73,9% of patients with odontogenic tumors and 26,1% non-odontogenic, having histopathological standard for diagnosis, 65,2% of female patients and 34,8% of male patients, 56,5% of tumors located at the mandible, 34,8% at the maxilla and 8,7% at both arcs. It was observed the limitation of panoramic radiography in the analysis of the radiographic aspects. The cone beam tomography offered results more focused and statistically meaningful for the evaluation of bone destruction, as well as for the expansion of vestibular and palatine/lingual cortical. It was concluded that despite of panoramic radiography being the chosen examination to visualize lesions in maxilla, cone beam computed tomography provides better accuracy in terms of delineation, expansion and breaking of cortical bones, helping in the surgical planning and patient s follow up.
O diagnóstico por imagem das lesões tumorais que acometem o complexo maxilo-mandibular tem sido de grande valia para o cirurgião-dentista na elaboração de um planejamento cirúrgico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e correlacionar a acurácia da radiografia panorâmica frente à tomografia computadorizada cone beam no delineamento dos tumores odontogênicos e não odontogênicos dos maxilares, diagnosticados no município de Campina Grande PB, no período de novembro de 2009 a março de 2011. Foram diagnosticados 23 tumores em várias regiões do complexo maxilo-mandibular, cujas radiografias panorâmicas e tomografias computadorizadas foram analisadas por 2 radiologistas, quanto aos seguintes aspectos imaginológicos: forma de radioluscência, presença ou não de mineralizações, definição das margens da lesão, expansão e rompimento de cortical óssea, bem como relação com estruturas anatômicas e dentes. Os resultados nos mostraram que 65,2% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 34,8% do masculino, 56,5% dos tumores estavam localizados na mandíbula, 34,8% na maxila e 8,7% em ambos os arcos, 73,9% dos pacientes apresentaram tumores odontogênicos e 26,1% não odontogênicos, tendo como padrão de diagnóstico o histopatológico. Observou-se a limitação da radiografia panorâmica na análise dos aspectos radiográficos observados. A tomografia cone beam ofereceu resultados mais direcionados e estatisticamente significativos para avaliação do rompimento das corticais vestibular e palatina/lingual, bem como para a expansão óssea. Concluiu-se que apesar da radiografia panorâmica ser o exame de escolha para visualizar as lesões que acometem os maxilares, a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico proporcionou uma melhor acurácia no delineamento, expansão e rompimento das corticais ósseas, auxiliando no planejamento cirúrgico e na proservação do paciente.