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1

Nikolaeva, Tat'yana. Virtual professional practice for students of speech pathologists. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2099006.

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The monograph presents an approach to the development of a digital tool for the professional training of students of speech pathologists — a virtual practice aimed at the formation of professional competencies in the field of pedagogical diagnostics of children with disabilities. The stages of virtual practice development are considered, the principles of its design are revealed. The place and functions of the created digital tool in the educational process of higher education are described. The results of an experimental study are presented, indicating the effectiveness of the use of virtual
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Anohin, Yuriy, Boris Narkevich, and Nikolay Shimanovskiy. Application of nuclear and radiation technologies in medicine. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1882570.

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The textbook contains information on new technologies of radiation diagnostics and therapy of oncological diseases, new and promising therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, new directions in nuclear medicine in Russia and in developed foreign countries, as well as on the coordination of efforts of international organizations to maintain and improve the health of the population of different countries.
 The active activity of the Rosatom State Corporation on the introduction and development of programs for the non-energy use of nuclear and radiation technologies to improve the hea
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3

Stozharova, Marina, Yuliya Sidorova, Leysan Nurtdinova, and Yuliya Pazyaeva. Development of intellectual abilities of older preschool children in various forms of mathematical work. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1989214.

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The monograph describes the problem of developing the intellectual abilities of older preschool children in various forms of mathematical work. A detailed experiment with the obtained diagnostic data of children of the experimental study group is described. The system of work with children on the development of their intellectual abilities is presented, the author's program "Young Mathematician" and methodological recommendations for the program of the creative team of kindergarten teachers No. 63 (Ulyanovsk) are proposed. The program was developed under the guidance of Candidate of Pedagogica
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4

Stephen, Snow, and D'Amico Miranda, eds. Assessment in the creative arts therapies: Designing and adapting assessment tools for adults with developmental disabilities. Charles C. Thomas, 2009.

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5

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Continued development of expert system tools for NPSS engine diagnostics: Final report; grant period: March 13, 1995 - August 12, 1996; NASA grant number: NCC3-400. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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6

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Continued development of expert system tools for NPSS engine diagnostics: Final report; grant period: March 13, 1995 - August 12, 1996; NASA grant number: NCC3-400. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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7

World Health Organization. Centre for Health Development, ed. Report: WHO Consultation on a Coordinated Response for the Fast-Track Development of Diagnostic Tools for New and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, 20-22 September 2004, Kobe, Japan. WHO Kobe Centre, 2004.

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8

WHO Consultation on a Coordinated Response for the Fast-Track Development of Diagnostic Tools for New and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (2004 Kōbe-shi, Japan). Report: WHO Consultation on a Coordinated Response for the Fast-Track Development of Diagnostic Tools for New and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, 20-22 September 2004, Kobe, Japan. WHO Kobe Centre, 2004.

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9

Kazakova, Nataliya. Internal audit of estimated reserves and liabilities as a method for diagnosing corporate risks. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1089678.

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The monograph is devoted to the study of methods of diagnostics and control of corporate risks associated with the formation and use of estimated reserves and liabilities in commercial organizations. The research results are aimed at creating a corporate system for identifying and controlling corporate risks using estimated reserves and estimated liabilities. The methodological recommendations offered by the authors on verification of accrued expenses allow us to identify the risks of inefficient use of expenses, including fraudulent actions. The methodological tools are supplemented with empi
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10

Diagnostics for Industrial Value Chain Development: An Integrated Tool. United Nations, 2012.

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11

Organization, Food and Agriculture. Diagnostic Tool for Implementing an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Through Policy and Legal Frameworks: Developed by the Development Law Service of FAO's Legal Office in Collaboration with FAO's Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch and the EAF-Nansen Programme. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2021.

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12

Diamond, Jerome M. Development of Diagnostic Tools for Trace Organic Compounds and Multiple Stressors. IWA Publishing, 2010.

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13

Fye, W. Bruce. The Reinvention of the American Heart Association and the Invention of Cardiac Catheterization. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0008.

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President Harry Truman signed the National Heart Act in 1948, which resulted in the creation of the National Heart Institute and started federal funds flowing to academic centers to support cardiovascular research. Mayo cardiologist Arlie Barnes’s term as president of the American Heart Association coincided with its transformation from a low-budget professional society into a large voluntary health organization that raised funds from the public to support its programs. World War II research into shock contributed to the development of cardiac catheterization as a clinical diagnostic tool. May
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14

Rosenthal, Susan L., and Margaret J. Blythe, eds. AM:STARs: Adolescent Sexuality, Vol. 18, No. 3. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104080.

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Focusing on adolescent sexuality, this issue of Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews is a stand-alone reference and practice tool. This widely respected resource continues to deliver high-quality, evidence-based information needed for day-to-day diagnostic and management problem-solving. Topics in Adolescent Sexuality include "Puberty," "Understanding Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents Within a Biopsychosocial Framework," "Development of Intimate Relationships in Adolescence," "Parental Influences on Adolescent Sexual Behaviors," "Adolescents, Sex, and the Media," "Sexual Orientation," "
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15

Kocher, Ajar. Infective Endocarditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0018.

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Infectious endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart’s innermost layer, the endothelium. Most cases require a predisposing injury to the endocardium to serve as a nidus for thrombus development, which in turn acts as nidus for bloodstream microorganisms. These intravascular microorganisms can result from dental and other invasive procedures, infected vascular catheters, and skin lesions. However, most episodes of IE result from transient bacteremia during menial tasks, such as chewing and brushing one’s teeth. Blood cultures and echocardiograms are critical for IE diagnosis. Transesophage
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16

Silveira, Jose, and Patricia Rockman. Managing Uncertainty in Mental Health Care. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197509326.001.0001.

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This book is about coming to grips with the uncertainty and complexity inherent to the assessment of people presenting with possible mental disorders. It is an exploration of the impact of objective uncertainty on clinical judgment and decision making and its relevance to mental health care. This is often not emphasized in clinical care and training. The book examines the relative utility of current nosology and clinical approaches in managing these challenges. The high prevalence of error in diagnosis and risk assessment related to existing clinical approaches is illustrated. An expanded view
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Fujimura, Taku, Yasuhiro Fujisawa, Atsushi Otsuka, and Nikolas K. Haass, eds. Recent Developments in Therapies and Diagnostic Tools for Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancer. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88966-327-9.

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18

Eklöf, Bo, Kjell Lindström, and Stig Persson, eds. Ultrasound in Clinical Diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199602070.001.0001.

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On October 29th 1953 in Lund, Sweden, Inge Edler, cardiologist, and Hellmuth Hertz, physicist, performed the first successful Ultrasoundcardiogram (UCG), later renamed Echocardiogram. A few weeks later, on December 16th, the neurosurgeon Lars Leksell diagnosed an intracranial bleeding in a 16-month-old boy using the same equipment, and Echoencephalography was born. The Lundensian obstetrician Bertil Sunden was in 1962 able to take the first ultrasound picture of twins in pregnancy. These three world premieres at the Lund University were the foundation for the tremendous development of diagnost
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19

Tejerina, Eva, and Andrés Esteban. Post-mortem examination in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0391.

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Autopsy has long been regarded as a valuable and reliable tool to improve quality of medical care by monitoring diagnostic accuracy and treatment of the critically-ill patients. However, post-mortem examination rates have fallen worldwide during the past decades. Unexpected findings at autopsy contribute to the increasing pool of medical knowledge and may allow the development of strategies for the early detection of diagnoses, leading to better patient care. Several studies have shown that major discrepancies are frequent, and in 5–40% of all hospitalized patients, and in 7–32% of adult inten
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20

Forsyth, Rob, and Richard Newton. Neurodiagnostic tools. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784449.003.0002.

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This chapter explains the principles of how best to use the main diagnostic tools in paediatric neurology in the context of evidence-based medicine. The description of neuroradiology includes the principles of DWI, SWI, MRS, ASL and fMRI, and the usefulness of ultrasound, CT and PET scanning; neuroradiological anatomy, terminology, common incidental findings and normal myelination patterns. An approach to white matter and developmental brain abnormalities is depicted. Neurogenetic testing discusses the capabilities and limitations of microarray for Comparative Genomic Hybridization (copy-numbe
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21

Black, Sarah R., and Mary Fristad. Bipolar and Related Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.18.

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Bipolar disorder (BD) in children has received considerable research and clinical attention in the last two decades and remains a challenging disorder to diagnose and treat. This chapter begins by describing the diagnoses included under the bipolar and related disorders section of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and providing guidance regarding developmental differences in symptom presentations and differential diagnosis. It then provides a brief overview of risk factors for bipolar disorder, including genetic, neurobiological, and psychological f
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22

Thuny, Franck, and Didier Raoult. Pathophysiology and causes of endocarditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0160.

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Endocarditis is defined as an inflammation of the endocardial surface of the heart. This may include heart valves, mural endocardium or the endocardium that covers implanted material, such as prosthetic valves, pacemaker/defibrillator leads and catheters. Infective and non-infective-related causes must be distinguished. In most cases, the inflammation is related to a bacterial or fungal infection with oral streptococci, group D streptococci, staphylococci and enterococci accounting for 85% of episodes. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with an incidence ranging from 30 to 100 ep
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23

Hogg, Jenny. Delirium. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0040.

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Delirium (acute confusional state) is a common condition affecting between ten and thirty percent of a general hospital inpatient population. The diagnosis is suspected when there is an acute onset of confusion in the presence of a physical precipitant. Pre-existing dementia, advancing age, previous delirium and increasing illness severity favour the development of delirium. The diagnosis of delirium is solely clinical and can be quickly arrived at using assessment tools such as the cognitive Assessment Method (CAM). Historical perspectives, diagnosis, the use of assessment tools, differential
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24

Ritchie, James, Darren Green, Constantina Chrysochou, and Philip A. Kalra. Renal artery stenosis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0214.

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Modern practice typically utilizes indirect angiography by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line diagnostic tool for renal artery stenosis, with no established screening tool able to meaningfully impact the pre-test probability of a positive finding. Neither can any current imaging technique reliably predict patient, blood pressure, or renal outcome following renal artery revascularization, although promising developments have been made in recent years.A major mechanism of hypertension in renovascular hypertension is overproduction of renin in response to hypoperf
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25

Ingham, Jane M., Helen M. Moore, Jane L. Phillips, and Russell K. Portenoy. The measurement of, and tools for, pain and other symptoms. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0072.

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Symptom assessment is an essential element of good clinical care as it is a key step in the diagnostic process and in the development and implementation of a management plan aimed towards reducing illness burden and suffering. Furthermore, symptom assessment is crucial for testing of therapeutic interventions in clinical research particularly in palliative care research. A number of important factors must be considered, including the subjective nature of symptoms and subtle differences in meaning of symptom descriptors. To aid symptom assessment, an array of instruments has been validated for
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26

LeVine III, Harry. Medical Imaging. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400684333.

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A prize-winning medical writer offers an explanation of modern diagnostic medical imaging technologies—and the issues that result from their use and misuse. Medical Imaging describes the discovery and development of diagnostic imaging technologies, explaining how the technologies work and exploring some of the issues that such powerful and expensive technologies create. The book begins with the discovery of X-rays in 1895 and traces the history of imaging technology through today's tools, such as X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional imaging by positron emissi
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27

Continued development of expert system tools for NPSS engine diagnostics: Final report; grant period: March 13, 1995 - August 12, 1996; NASA grant number: NCC3-400. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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28

Casey, Patricia, ed. Adjustment Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786214.001.0001.

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Adjustment disorder has been included in the psychiatric classifications for half a century, but despite its age, this is the first book devoted exclusively to the condition. The starting point is to delineate its origins and how it differs from normal distress. The philosophical and clinical dilemmas raised by this diagnosis are considered in the early chapters of this book. The development of new screening and diagnostic tools will assist in epidemiological studies. The radical proposal to have specific criteria for AD in ICD-11 is reviewed critically as this would lead to significant differ
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29

Joffe, Alain, and Margaret J. Blythe, eds. AM:STARs: Handbook of Adolescent Medicine, Vol. 20, No. 2. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104059.

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Topics in Handbook of Adolescent Medicine, 2nd Edition, include adolescent health statistics, biologic and psychosocial growth and development, the adolescent office visit, endocrine/metabolic, gynecology, contraception, infectious diseases, cardiorespiratory, genitourinary, dermatology, musculoskeletal and sports medicine, mental health and psychotropic medications, nutrition, rheumatology, and miscellaneous clinical conditions. This issue of Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews is a stand-alone reference and practice tool with evidence-based reviews that detail advances in the diagn
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30

Waldemar, Gunhild, and Alistair Burns, eds. Alzheimer's Disease (Oxford Neurology Library). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.001.0001.

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Providing clinicians with the latest developments in research, this new edition of Alzheimer's Disease is a succinct and practical introduction to the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of Alzheimer’s disease. Part of the Oxford Neuropsychiatry Library series, this pocketbook contains 14 fully updated chapters on key topics such as pathophysiology, epidemiology, pharmacological treatments, and psychological symptoms. It also features new chapters on atypical presentations, end-of-life issues, and case vignettes to ensure the reader is fully equipped with the latest understanding of the poss
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31

Giannangelo, Stephen J. The Psychopathology of Serial Murder. Praeger, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216002901.

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In this book, criminologist Stephen Giannangelo offers an original theory of the origins and development of the serial murderer. The author constructs a two-part model of the serial murderer's development. The first part outlines biological factors and concomitant psychological anomalies that can predispose individuals toward homicidal behavior. Then, in developing the second part of his model, Giannangelo describes how a traumatic environmental stressor may trigger a cyclical pattern of violent behavior in those persons predisposed to kill. Having constructed his archetype of the serial kille
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32

Kroth, Michael. The Manager as Motivator. Praeger, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216977117.

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A manager has more opportunity to directly motivate employees than does any other organizational influence. And in today's complex and fluid work environments, where retention of top-performing employees is paramount, managers are under considerable pressure to motivate individuals to achieve both personal and organizational goals. Integrating insights from management and psychology,The Manager as Motivatorcovers such issues as the development of a free-agent workforce, with talent following supply and demand; the emergence of employees as the only true sustainable advantage; and the opportuni
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33

Kamal, Medhat M. Transient Well Testing. Society of Petroleum EngineersRichardson, Texas, USA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555631413.

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Transient well testing provides indirect determination of reservoir and well parameters. It is one of the most important in a spectrum of diagnostic tools used by petroleum engineers to characterize hydrocarbon assets and predict their future performance. This new monograph is the go-to handbook for designing, running, and analyzing different types of transient tests in oil and gas reservoirs. Since the publication of SPE’s last monograph on well testing, considerable advances in testing tools, computing technology, and theoretical development have continued to enhance the information that can
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34

Brown, Robert T., and David L. Bennett, eds. AM:STARs: International Health Issues in Adolescents, Vol. 20, No. 3. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104578.

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Focusing on international health issues in adolescent medicine, this issue of Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews is a stand-alone reference and practice tool with evidence-based reviews that detail advances in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of health problems affecting adolescents. Topics in International Health Issues in Adolescents include "Adolescent Health in an International Context: The Challenge of Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sub-Saharan Africa," "Poverty and Inequity in Adolescent Health," "Obesity and Nutrition in Adolescents," "Adolescent Substance Abus
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35

Marin, Marie-France, and Mohammed R. Milad. Functional Neuroimaging of PTSD. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0016.

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The merger of neuroscience and psychiatry during the last two decades has enabled psychiatric neuroscience, as a newly refined discipline, to make great advances in understanding pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The advent of neuroimaging tools and the continued exponential growth and sophistication of the methods are key factors underlying advances in the field. In this chapter, informed by neuroimaging tools and basic neuroscience, the authors paint an optimistic canvas to illustrate the current state of knowledge pertaining to the et
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36

Stegeman, Dick F., and Michel J. A. M. Van Putten. Recording of neural signals, neural activation, and signal processing. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses recording of electrophysiological signals in the context of clinical neurophysiology. We first discuss the interpretation of signals and differences between signals in terms of their underlying (electro)physiology. As a most prominent aspect of applied electrophysiology, the biophysics of volume conduction in extracellular space is discussed. We also present some basics of advanced procedures to analyse neurophysiological data. Aspects of electrical stimulation are treated too, including recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic constant current stimulation. We f
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37

Hangauer, Jason, Jonathan Worcester, and Kathleen Hague Armstrong. Models and Methods of Assessing Adaptive Behavior. Edited by Donald H. Saklofske, Cecil R. Reynolds, and Vicki Schwean. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199796304.013.0027.

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This chapter will summarize contemporary models and methods used for the assessment of adaptive behavior functioning in children and adolescents. This chapter will also emphasize how to best use such assessment information for diagnostic and eligibility purposes and in developing interventions and support plans. We will review the use of traditional, norm-referenced adaptive behavior assessment tools as well as what will be referred to as “supplemental methods,” including the direct observation of adaptive skill functioning. The assessment of adaptive behavior with respect to developmental exp
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38

Hangauer, Jason, Jonathan Worcester, and Kathleen Hague Armstrong. Models and Methods of Assessing Adaptive Behavior. Edited by Donald H. Saklofske, Cecil R. Reynolds, and Vicki Schwean. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199796304.013.0027_update_001.

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This chapter will summarize contemporary models and methods used for the assessment of adaptive behavior functioning in children and adolescents. This chapter will also emphasize how to best use such assessment information for diagnostic and eligibility purposes and in developing interventions and support plans. We will review the use of traditional, norm-referenced adaptive behavior assessment tools as well as what will be referred to as “supplemental methods,” including the direct observation of adaptive skill functioning. The assessment of adaptive behavior with respect to developmental exp
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39

Gottlieb, Marvin R. Motivation. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400687839.

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This book shows managers how to identify opportunities for increasing productivity by enhancing commitment and provides tools for building a high-performing team. More than ever, senior and frontline managers are tasked with the development and maintenance of highly productive teams—a formidable challenge in all situations. Organizational directives for "lean," highly responsive, change-adaptive workforces have created an environment in which every aspect of productivity must be examined and improved in the quest to meet increasingly competitive global goals. About 30 percent of productivity i
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40

Torgerson,, Paul R., C. N. L. Macpherson, and D. A. Vuitton. Cystic echinococcosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0060.

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE)\cystic hydatid disease is one of the most widespread and important global helminth zoonoses. The parasite Echinococcus granulosus is maintained in a wide spectrum of intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, cattle, pigs and equines. A number of wild intermediate hosts occur, including cervids in the northern part of the North American continent and Eurasia, marsupials in Australia and wild herbivores in East and southern Africa. The application of a range of molecular techniques to the characterization of the parasite has confirmed the existence of mostly
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41

Lucius-Hoene, Gabriele, Christine Holmberg, and Thorsten Meyer, eds. Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806660.001.0001.

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Illness narratives, patients’ stories about their experiences of illness, have gained a reputation as a scientific domain in medicine in the last thirty years. Patients’ stories about living with an illness, diagnostic procedures and treatments, encounters with medical institutions and its impact on their private and social life have been considered as an important access to their meaning-making and coping endeavours. They also play an important role in doctor-patient communication and the development of a healing relationship. This book aims at sensitizing professionals who use illness narrat
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42

Gilley, Ann. Making the Most of Digital Collections through Training and Outreach. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400681943.

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In The Manager as Change Leader, Ann Gilley examines the complexities of change from the manager's perspective, providing readers with the tools to help themselves, their employees, and their colleagues successfully engage in the change efforts that will propel their organizations into the future. In a challenge to traditional approaches—which presume that organizational change will occur once an initiative has been launched—Gilley focuses on the challenges that managers face when others resist change, before, during, and even after the process has been implemented. She explains that resistanc
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43

Marquardt, Michael, and Peter Loan. The Manager as Mentor. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400681981.

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One of the most valuable roles a manager can perform in today's rapidly changing environment is to mentor and inspire the people around them to learn. By nurturing talent, motivating individual development, and encouraging excellence, a manager's mentoring can enhance individual performance and the organization's prospects for success. Mentoring is not an easy skill to develop, and many managers, who may excel at leading or coaching, may be disasters as mentors when it comes to creating a bond and bringing out untapped qualities in others. The Manager as Mentor goes beyond traditional approach
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44

Del Giudice, Marco. Evolutionary Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190246846.001.0001.

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This book presents a unified approach to evolutionary psychopathology, and advances an integrative framework for the analysis and classification of mental disorders based on the concepts of life history theory. The framework does not aim to replace existing evolutionary models of specific disorders—which are reviewed and critically discussed in the book—but to connect them in a broader perspective and explain the large-scale patterns of risk and comorbidity that characterize psychopathology. The life history framework permits a seamless integration of mental disorders with normative individual
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45

Gerovasili, Vasiliki, and Serafim N. Nanas. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: A New Therapeutic and Rehabilitation Strategy in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0044.

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Many critically ill patients undergo a period of immobilization with detrimental effects on skeletal muscle, effects which seem most pronounced in the first days of critical illness. Diagnosis of intensive care unit muscle weakness (ICUAW) is often made after discontinuation of sedation when significant nerve and/or muscle damage may already have occurred. Recently, there has been interest in early mobilization during the acute phase of critical illness, with the goal of preventing ICUAW. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NEMS) is an alternative form of exercise that has been successfully
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46

Loscalzo, Matthew J. Introduction to Gender in Psycho-Oncology (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190462253.003.0001.

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Sex and gender are emotionally charged concepts in society. Never before has there been more interest in the sciences of sex and gender. In the past, sex and gender were primarily the domain of the humanities, especially literature, painting, and music. Greater political and sociological expectations for the rights of women and the emergence of increased tolerance for alternative lifestyles have reverberated throughout societies globally—with mixed results. Women, in particular, have suffered from lack of appreciation for the inescapable, well-documented biopsychosocial sexual dimorphisms that
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47

Applebaum, Allison J., ed. Cancer Caregivers. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190868567.001.0001.

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Cancer caregivers are an essential extension of the healthcare team. Rapid advances in cancer care, including new drugs and immunotherapies and more sophisticated diagnostic tools, have improved our ability to extend lives and enhance survival. As patients are living longer and with today’s shorter hospital stays and shift towards increased outpatient care, however, the burden on caregivers and their needs have substantially increased. Cancer Caregivers reveals the depth of complexities of caregiving experiences that the field of Psycho-Oncology has been exploring and the vast expanses we have
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48

Woodberry, Kristen A., Emily Kline, and Anthony J. Giuliano. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.17.

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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are among the most serious and complicated psychiatric disorders, particularly in children and adolescents. They have a major impact on all aspects of functioning, including family and social relationships, school, work, and self-care. While schizophrenia tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood, nonspecific abnormalities, prodromal symptoms, and a significant proportion of its incidence unfold before age 18. It behooves child and adolescent clinicians to be knowledgeable about and alert to the range of SSD clinical presentations. The cha
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49

Wilson, Mark. Physics Avoidance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803478.001.0001.

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“Physics avoidance” refers to the fact that we frequently cannot reason about nature in the straightforward manner we anticipate, but must seek alternate policies to address the questions we want answered in a tractable way. Within both science and everyday life, we find ourselves tacitly relying upon thought processes that reach useful answers in opaque and roundabout manners. Conceptual innovators are often puzzled by the techniques they develop, when they stumble across reasoning patterns that are easy to implement but difficult to justify. But simple techniques frequently rest upon complex
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50

Michel, Jean-Baptiste. Biology of vascular wall dilation and rupture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0016.

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Arterial pathologies, important causes of death and morbidity in humans, are closely related to modifications in the circulatory system during evolution. With increasing intraluminal pressure and arterial bifurcation density, the arterial wall becomes the target of interactions with blood components and outward convection of plasma solutes and particles, including plasma zymogens and leukocyte proteases. Abdominal aortic aneurysms of atherothrombotic origin are characterized by the presence of an intraluminal thrombus (ILT), a major source of proteases, including plasmin, MMP-9, and elastase.
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