Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DIAGNÓSTICO PRÉ-NATAL'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'DIAGNÓSTICO PRÉ-NATAL.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ramalho, Carla Maria de Almeida. "Contributo para a melhoria da acuidade do diagnóstico pré-natal: análise crítica da correlação entre o diagnóstico pré-natal e o diagnóstico post-mortem." Tese, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62296.
Full textRamalho, Carla Maria de Almeida. "Contributo para a melhoria da acuidade do diagnóstico pré-natal: análise crítica da correlação entre o diagnóstico pré-natal e o diagnóstico post-mortem." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62296.
Full textNunes, Rui Manuel Lopes. "Questões éticas do diagnóstico pré-natal da doença genética." Tese, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10244.
Full textPinto, Marta Coelho. "Diagnóstico pré-natal citogenético: o impacto das novas tecnologias." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9750.
Full textOs testes de despiste rápido das aneuploidias mais comuns (DRA) - dos cromossomas 13, 18, 21, X e Y - são utilizados, como rotina, em diagnóstico pré-natal (DPN), como complemento do estudo do cariótipo. Para tal utilizase a FISH (fluorescence in situ hibridization) e o MLPA (mulpilex ligationdependent probe amplification) que possibilitam diagnósticos que, embora direcionados, são mais rápidos, permitindo uma intervenção clínica mais atempada e reduzindo a ansiedade dos progenitores. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar o impacto que a substituição do cariótipo pelas técnicas de DRA, como método preferencial de diagnóstico, teria no DPN, em todas ou, apenas, nalgumas indicações clínicas, com benefício de tempo e custos. Procedeu-se ao estudo retrospetivo das amostras de líquido amniótico recebidas no laboratório, de 2006 a 2010. Comparou-se a capacidade de deteção das alterações, diagnosticadas pelo estudo convencional, pelas técnicas de DRA utilizadas no laboratório (FISH e MLPA) e avaliou-se a concordância de resultados entre o estudo do cariótipo e o MLPA, se ambos tivessem sido realizados, com sucesso, no total de amostras. Das alterações previamente diagnosticadas pelo estudo convencional a FISH detetaria 61,4% e o MLPA 47,9%, embora em 8,5% levantasse a suspeita de alteração. Sendo ambas metodologias direcionadas, o MLPA é mais económico em termos de tempo e custos. No estudo que avalia a concordância entre o cariótipo e MLPA, considerando o total de amostras, o primeiro teria identificado 241 alterações cromossómicas. O MLPA detetaria 117 (48,5%) destas alterações e em 8,3% levantaria a suspeita de alteração. A percentagem de concordância entre as duas metodologias foi de 98,5%, com 1,5% de resultados falsos negativos, sendo que, destes, 41,3% apresentavam risco elevado ou desconhecido de associação a manifestações fenotípicas. As várias indicações para o teste, individualmente, revelaram valores variáveis de falsos negativos: entre 1% (nas idades maternas avançadas) e 53,1% nos casos em que um dos progenitores é portador de alteração. Estes resultados eram antecipados e estão em concordância com outros já reportados. Embora as técnicas de DRA apresentem grande sensibilidade para despistar as aneuploidias comuns, sejam económicas e permitam um resultado mais rápido, a sua aplicação em substituição do cariótipo implicaria falhas de diagnóstico, com prejuízo emocional e económico para as famílias e, também, para o próprio Estado. São, no entanto, tecnologias complementares importantes para o diagnóstico.
Rapid common aneuploidy testing (RAT) – for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y - are widely used in prenatal diagnosis (PD) as a complement of karyotyping. FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and MLPA (multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification) can be used for that purpose. Although designed for detection of specific chromosomes, both enable faster results, allowing earlier clinical intervention and reducing parental anxiety. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of karyotyping substitution, by RAT, in PD as a stand-alone test for all the referrals or just for certain ones, with costs and time benefits. The amniotic fluid (AF) samples received in the laboratory, from 2006 to 2010, were reviewed. FISH and MLPA ability to detect alterations, previously diagnosed by conventional cytogenetics, was compared. Was, also, determined the concordance between results that would have been obtained, by karyotyping and MLPA, if both were applied, successfully, to all the AF samples. From the known diagnosed alterations (by karyotyping) FISH would have identified 61,4% and MLPA 47,9%. In 8,5% of samples MLPA also suspected the presence of abnormality. Being both designed for detection of specific chromosomes, MLPA is more cost and time effective than FISH. Concerning to the study that determines the concordance between karyotype and MLPA results, considering all the samples, the first would have identified 241 chromosome alterations. The MLPA would have detected 117 (48,5%) of these and, in 8,3% of cases, a suspicion of alteration would have existed. The concordance between the two technologies was 98,5%, with 1,5% of false negative results, having 41,3% of the latter a high or unknown clinical significance. The referrals for the prenatal study, analysed individually, revealed variable values of false negative results: ranging from 1% (in advanced maternal age) to 53,1% in cases where one of the parents was a carrier. These results were expected and are in agreement with those previously reported. The RAT techniques are highly sensitive for the common aneuploidies, are economic and provide faster results. Although, their application in substitution of traditional karyotyping will, also, lead to a wrong diagnosis, with emotional and economic prejudice for not only the affected child’s family but also for the State. These techniques are useful and they should be applied as a diagnostic complement.
Nunes, Rui Manuel Lopes. "Questões éticas do diagnóstico pré-natal da doença genética." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10244.
Full textGomes, Hélder Manuel Lopes. "aCGH no diagnóstico pré-natal de fetos com anomalias ecográficas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12632.
Full textObjetivos. A hibridização genómica comparativa baseada na tecnologia dos microarrays (aCGH) é uma nova técnica, que tem sido apontada como alternativa à citogenética convencional na rotina do diagnóstico pré-natal, principalmente nas gestações com anomalias ecográficas. Assim, este estudo pretende avaliar o impacto do aCGH na rotina do DPN em fetos com anomalias ecográficas. Também visa capacitar quais as estratégias que permitem uma redução nos resultados com significado clínico incerto ou desconhecido. Métodos. O DNA fetal foi extraído a partir da cultura celular de líquido amniótico ou vilosidades coriónicas. As 22 amostras foram analisadas por aCGH de oligonucleótidos com 60K e a classificação das CNV’s foi feita de acordo com a classificação adotada pelo Laboratório de Citogenética e Genómica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra para análise e interpretação das CNV’s no diagnóstico pós-natal. Por fim, de modo a reduzir os resultados com significado clínico incerto ou desconhecido, foram adotadas 2 estratégias de seleção de CNV’s. Resultados. No total dos casos analisados, em 10,5% (2/19) foram detetadas CNV’s patogénicas adicionais ao resultado fornecido pela citogenética convencional. Englobando apenas os casos com indicação de anomalias ecográficas e resultado citogenético normal, o aCGH detetou CNV’s patogénicas em 5,9 % (1/17) dos casos. A percentagem inicial de casos com CNV’s de significado clínico incerto ou desconhecido foi de 31,6% (6/19), reduzida posteriormente para 15,8% (1/19) quando consideradas apenas as CNV’s inferiores as 400 Kb que tivessem associadas às anomalias ecográficas encontradas, ou para 10,5% (12/19) quando consideradas apenas as CNV’s com o mínimo de 8 sondas consecutivas alteradas. Conclusão. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que o aCGH pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa no DPN de casos com indicação de anomalias ecográficas, e na caracterização de rearranjos cromossómicos detetados por citogenética convencional. Será necessário, no entanto, definir padrões de análise e interpretação para a tecnologia de aCGH, pelo que mais estudos retrospetivos terão de ser realizados.
Objectives. The comparative genomic hybridization based on microarrays technology (aCGH) is a new technique, which has been identified as an alternative to conventional cytogenetic in routine prenatal diagnosis, mainly in pregnancies with ultrasound abnormalities. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of aCGH in routine prenatal diagnosis in fetus with malformations and to evaluate the strategies to enable a reduction in the results of uncertain clinical significance or unknown clinical significance. Methods. The fetal DNA was extracted from cell culture of amniotic fluid or chorionic villi samples. The 22 samples were analyzed by aCGH oligonucleotide 60K and classification and interpretation of CNV's was made according to the classification adopted in postnatal diagnosis by the Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Genomic Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra. Then, two strategies were adopted for selection of CNV's described in the literature in order to reduce the results of uncertain or unknown clinical significance. Results. In all cases analyzed, 10.5% (2/19) were classified as pathogenic CNV's, not detectable by conventional cytogenetic. Incorporating only cases with ultrasound abnormalities and normal cytogenetic result the aCGH detected CNV's pathogenic in 5.9% (1/17) of the cases. The initial percentage of cases with CNV's of uncertain or unknown clinical significance was 31.6% (6/19), subsequently reduced to 15.8%, when considered only the CNV's with sizes lower than 400 Kb that had been associated with sonographic abnormalities found, or to 10.5% when only considered the CNV's at least with 8 consecutive probes changed. Conclusion. Altogether, the results of this study demonstrate that aCGH can be a valuable tool in prenatal diagnosis in the cases with ultrasound abnormalities indication, and in the characterization of chromosomal rearrangements detected by conventional cytogenetic. However, is necessary the elaboration of universal guidelines for analysis patterns and interpretation of aCGH results, whereby more retrospective studies will be performed.
Machado, Maria Eugenia da Costa. "Diagnóstico pré-natal de malformação fetal: um olhar sobre o casal." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8KYLJ8.
Full textCom o objetivo de investigar as principais repercussões conjugais conseqüentes de um diagnóstico de malformação fetal durante o pré-natal, foi realizado o presente estudo descritivo de caráter qualitativo. Para tanto, foram entrevistados dez casais cujos conceptos apresentavam alguma malformação. Todos estavam em acompanhamento pré-natal no Centro de Medicina Fetal do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEMEFE HC/UFMG). As entrevistas, semi-estruturadas, foram realizadas individualmente e em um único encontro com cada gestante e com cada companheiro separadamente. Todas as entrevistas foram realizadas pela mesma pesquisadora e foram gravadas integralmente. Foi realizada a análise temática do conteúdo das entrevistas. No decorrer deste processo, foram observadas três categorias de análise: vivência do casal frente ao diagnóstico de malformação fetal, aspectos do relacionamento conjugal influenciados pelo diagnóstico de malformação fetal e fatores que interferem no enfrentamento do diagnóstico de malformação fetal. Estas categorias foram descritas e discutidas a partir da literatura encontrada. Parece que a malformação produz um momento de crise, mas não é uma crise comum, pois os casais precisam ir além dos habituais recursos que resolvem uma crise comum. Foi possível, através deste estudo, concluir que os casais frente ao diagnóstico vivenciam emoções e sentimentos intensos e variáveis, com oscilações extremas, que podem desencadear no isolamento ou na aproximação do casal, assim como na piora ou na melhora do relacionamento, independentemente do diagnóstico e do prognóstico fetal. A vivência de culpa revelou-se como o principal achado da pesquisa que interfere diretamente e de forma decisiva no relacionamento conjugal. Em suma, pôde-se perceber que o relacionamento conjugal influencia no enfrentamento do diagnóstico de malformação fetal, assim como é influenciado pela mesma notícia. Os resultados da presente pesquisa corroboram os dados da literatura de que se faz necessário o apoio psicológico a estes casais, oportunizando uma melhor condução da realidade vivida.
Lopes, Fabiana Pires Rodrigues de Almeida. "Hipotireoidismo e gestação: importância do pré-natal no diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/341.
Full textThe research aimed to investigate the epidemiological profile of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy in the city of Palmas-TO. This is a descriptive and exploratory study of documentary type, with quantitative approach, carried out at the Public Maternity and at the Center of Sexual and Reproductive Health. The analysis comprised 15 medical records of women with hypothyroidism, of these, eleven at the Maternity and four at the Center of Sexual and Reproductive Health (CSRH). The average maternal age was 30.2 years; the average gestational age was 16.3 years; the number of previous pregnancies was identified in 9 records; place of residence was found in 3 records and lived in urban areas; the disease personal history comprises 14 individuals; the history family in just 1 records were recorded; the history of abortions comprises 5; cases of prematurity, was not found records in medical charts; for the treatment of infertility in only 1 records noted the record; regarding the history of goiter / lump, there was obtained 2 registers; previous surgery, was not found records; hormone replacement occurred in 4 pregnant women. Regarding the repeated examinations during pregnancy, it was obtained one case in the medical records. We conclude that monitoring occurred in a timely manner with pertinent interventions; however, it is necessary to improve the quality of the medical records, since that unfilled information hindered the understanding of the prognosis of women under high risk prenatal.
Panisson, Ivarna de Almeida. "Estudo comparativo entre a ultra-sonografia pré-natal e a necrópsia no diagnóstico de anomalias congênitas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14040.
Full textIntroduction: The ultrasound is an important tool for diagnosis of congenital anomalies. The autopsy is a complementary exam in fetuses and newborns with congenital anomalies occurring to death. The correlation between both provides information on the quality of prenatal diagnosis and allows more appropriate genetic counseling. Objective: To correlate the findings of ultrasound and autopsy of fetuses and newborns with congenital anomalies in specialized service of Fetal Medicine. Method: Retrospective cohort study to correlate the findings of the autopsy of fetuses and newborns with congenital anomalies with the findings of the ultrasound prenatal, both examinations performed at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, from January 1993 to December 2005. Each case was classified into three categories according to the agreement or not of the findings and as the modification of genetic counseling or not. Each anomaly observed in the autopsy was ranked as the system involved and the degree of severity of fetal anomaly and the sensitivity of ultrasound in diagnosis was calculated. Results: 100 autopsy reports of fetus and newborns were evaluated, of which 10 have been excluded by undergoing surgery in the neonatal period, resulting in 90 cases for the study. We include 23 cases (25%) in group A (agreement of the findings), 54 cases (60%) in group B (disagreement of the findings without diagnostic modification) and 13 cases (15%) in group C (disagreement of the findings with modification of the diagnostic). In the 90 fetuses studied, were found 303 congenital anomalies in the autopsy, 176 major and 127 minor. Between the major congenital anomalies, the ultrasound detected 100% of the anomalies of the abdominal wall and of non-cardiac thoracic, 89% of the musculoskeletal system 77% of the central nervous system, 65% of the urinary system, 38% of the circulatory system, 36% of the head, face and neck and 25 % of the digestive system. In the group of other anomalies, which includes hydrops and teratoma as major congenital anomalies the diagnosis was 100%. Conclusion: With this work we showed that the ultrasound examination is essential in prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies, but presents limits on its outcome, and patients should be informed of these limitations, since the examination does not make the diagnosis to 100% of congenital anomalies. In cases occurring to death, carrying out necropsy is important to confirm the prenatal findings as well as for identification of other anomalies in order to establish etiologic diagnosis and prognosis for future pregnancies.
Cardon, Stefan. "Avaliação ultra-sonográfica do crescimento facial pré-natal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/360.
Full textThis study has the objective of evaluate the measurements of fetal cephalometrics, in the midsagittal plan, from images generated by ultra sonograms, in order to allow a better understanding of the mechanism of prenatal growth. The transversal sample consisted of 120 ultrasonographic images from healthy embryos of caucasian ancestry, in single gestation, between the 17ª and 35ª weeks. Angular measurements had been carried through that evaluated five variables: the maxillary position in relation to the anterior cranial base (SNMx), the mandibular position in relation to the anterior cranial base (SNMd), the intermaxillary distance difference to intermaxillary referring to Nasion (MxNMd), the mandible growth direction – Y-axis angle (NSGn) and the tegumental facial profile convexity (G'SnPog'). The averages and shunting line-standard for each variable were described and statistical tests were applied, that evaluated the compatibility of the obtained measures as well as the correlations between these and the gestational ages. The data had been analyzed with statistical software SPSS 15,0 (Chicago, IL, the USA) and Excel for Windows 2007 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, the USA). The results had indicated that three, of the five studied variables, had presented statistical significant correlations with the advance of the gestational age. From the results, it was concluded that, during the observed fetal period, the mandible grew, on average, more than what the maxilla, having as reference the anterior cranial base. There was a reduction of the intermaxilar sagittal difference and the convexity of the tegumental facial profile. The measurements related to the maxillary position and the Y-axis angle of mandibular growth had not presented correlations with the gestational age.
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar medidas cefalométricas fetais, no plano médio sagital, a partir de imagens geradas por ultra-sonografia, de forma a possibilitar uma melhor compreensão do mecanismo de crescimento pré-natal. A amostra transversal constituiu-se de 120 imagens ultra-sonográficas de fetos saudáveis de ascendência caucasiana, em gestações únicas, no período entre a 17ª e a 35ª semana VIU. Foram realizadas medições angulares que avaliaram cinco variáveis: a posição maxilar em relação à base anterior do crânio (SNMx), a posição mandibular em relação à base anterior do crânio (SNMd), a diferença intermaxilar com referência em Násio (MxNMd), a direção de crescimento da mandíbula – ângulo do eixo Y (NSGn) e a convexidade do perfil facial tegumentar (G’SnPog’). Descreveram-se as médias e desvios-padrão para cada variável e aplicados testes estatísticos que avaliaram a reprodutibilidade das medidas obtidas assim como as correlações entre estas e as idades gestacionais. Os dados foram analisados com o software SPSS 15. 0 (Chicago, IL, USA) e Excel para Windows 2007 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA). Os resultados indicaram que três, das cinco variáveis estudadas, apresentaram correlações estatisticamente significantes com o avanço da idade gestacional. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que, durante o período fetal observado, a mandíbula cresceu, em média, mais do que a maxila, tendo como referência a base anterior do crânio. Houve redução da diferença sagital intermaxilar e da convexidade do perfil facial tegumentar. As medidas relativas à posição maxilar e ao ângulo do eixo Y de crescimento mandibular não apresentaram correlações com a idade gestacional.
Bacaltchuk, Tzvi. "Avaliação do papel da ultra-sonografia obstétrica de rotina, no rastreamento pré-natal das anormalidades cardíacas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2920.
Full textObstetrical ultrasound scan is a diagnostic method traditionally used in routine prenatal care, its advantages and limitations having been widely discussed. The advent of intrauterine diagnosis of congenital heart diseases and arrhythmias by means of fetal echocardiography has dramatically changed the perinatal prognosis of these disorders, allowing adequate planning of the cardiological approach in the immediate neonatal period, and even, in special situations, “in utero” treatment and resolution. Since the prevalence of congenital heart disease during fetal life is high, its prenatal detection turns out to be of utmost importance. Considering the operational difficulty in performing routinely fetal echocardiography in every gestation, taking in account the local conditions of the health system, the referral to a specialist for a detailed examination would be optimized if structural or functional abnormalities of the fetal heart and the circulatory system could be suspected during standard obstetrical ultrasound scan. Systematic local data evaluating accuracy of routine obstetrical ultrasound in suspecting cardiac abnormalities in the fetus are scarce. For this reason, this study was designed with the purpose of evaluating the role of routine obstetrical ultrasound scan in suspecting the presence of fetal congenital heart diseases and severe arrhythmias, as well as the factors involved in its effectivity. The sample was made up by 77 neonates and infants hospitalized at the Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul from May to October of 2000, with confirmed postnatal diagnosis of structural heart disease or severe arrhythmia, whose mothers had been submitted to at least one obstetrical ultrasound scan after 18 weeks of gestation. The parents or responsible persons were asked to answer a customized standard questionnaire, after informed consent. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level of 0.05. A logistic regression model was used to determine independent variables possibly involved in the prenatal suspicion of cardiac abnormalities. In 19 patients (24.6%), obstetrical ultrasound was able to rise prenatal suspicion of structural or rhythm abnormalities. Considering only congenital heart diseases, this prevalence was 19.2% (14/73). In 73.7% of these cases, the cardiac disorder was accessible by the four-chamber view alone. Arrhythmias during obstetrical scan were observed in 26.35 of the babies with prenatal suspicion of a heart abnormality, while only 3.4% of the patients without prenatal suspicion showed a rhythm alteration (P=0.009). Significant differences between the groups with and without prenatal suspicion of cardiac abnormalities were observed in relation to parity (P=0.029), delivery by cesarean section (P=0.006), need for intensive therapy (P=0.046) and school education level of the father (P=0.014). There was no significance associated to number of gestations, history of previous fetal losses, marital status, sex of the patients, type of facility and local where prenatal care and ultrasonographic evaluation were performed, indication for obstetrical echography, number of ultrasound scans performed, family income and school education level of the mother. At multivariate analysis, only the presence of a rhythm alteration during ultrasound scan was shown to be an independent variable associated to prenatal suspicion of cardiac abnormalities. This study demonstrates that routine obstetrical ultrasound has been sub-utilized in prenatal screening of congenital heart diseases, rising the suspicion of structural abnormalities only in one fifth of the cases. Considering the prognostic importance of intrauterine diagnosis of congenital cardiac diseases and severe arrhythmias, every effort should be mobilized in order to increase the efficacy of routine obstetrical ultrasound in rising the suspicion of fetal cardiac abnormalities. Adequate training directed to those performing ultrasound examinations and conscientization of the obstetrical caregivers and of the very population are instruments for this action.
Suassuna, Ana Maria Vilar. "A influência do diagnóstico pré-natal na formação de possíveis psicopatologias do laço pais-bebê." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1692.
Full textFundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
With the technological development in the last decades, notably with the introduction of the use of ultrasound in pre-natal examinations, it is known today that the fetus has multiple skills. The development of prenatal diagnosis allowed the detection of numerous disabilities during pregnancy and also to monitor the pregnancies that may offer a particular risk. The progress of medicine, diagnosis and treatment of prenatal participated in the advent of the fetus as a subject and have given a new meaning to the concept of motherhood. The psychic connections between the mother and her fetus directly depend on the real lived by the woman during pregnancy, history and the physical and mental transformations induced by this new status. Her love or rejection or the ambivalence for the unborn child determines her depth, breadth and emotional capacity. Meanwhile, the current techniques, which allow knowing the fetus earlier and coming into relationship with him, can encourage the process of parentalization, but also generate the disorganizing effects for the psyche of the future father and mother. When the fetus presents a condition, the mental turmoil usually found during pregnancy is increased and affect mainly the records of narcissism and early parent-child relationships. The disabled son of the family puts forward a series of emotions of mourning for the loss of the healthy child that expected. Parents are faced with psychic labor of accepting that the fantasmatic and imaginary child was replaced by the real child. This work has the purpose of promoting a discussion about the influence of prenatal diagnosis in the formation of possible psychopathologies in parent-child bond as well as the role of the mental health professional, focusing, in particular, the place of the psychoanalyst who work towards favoring the tessiture of the links of the future parents, their problem babies and the teams.
Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico das últimas décadas, notadamente, com a introdução do uso do ultra som nos exames pré-natais, sabe-se hoje que o feto possui várias competências. O desenvolvimento do diagnóstico pré-natal permitiu detectar numerosas anomalias no decorrer da gravidez e também de acompanhar as gestações que apresentam um risco particular. Os progressos da medicina, do diagnóstico e dos tratamentos pré-natais participaram do advento do feto como sujeito e deram um novo sentido ao conceito de maternidade. As ligações psíquicas entre a mãe e seu feto dependem diretamente do vivido real da mulher durante sua gravidez, de sua história e das transformações físicas e psíquicas induzidas por este novo estado. Seu amor por essa criança ainda não nascida, ou sua rejeição ou ainda a ambivalência, determinam a profundidade, a amplidão e a capacidade emocional desta. Entretanto, as técnicas atuais, que permitem conhecer o feto mais cedo e de entrar em relação com ele, podem favorecer o processo de parentalização, mas igualmente engendrar os efeitos desorganizadores para o psiquismo dos futuros pai e mãe. Quando o feto apresenta uma patologia, as turbulências psíquicas encontradas habitualmente durante a gravidez são aumentadas e afetam principalmente os registros do narcisismo e das relações precoces pais-bebê. A deficiência do filho coloca a família frente a uma série de emoções de luto pela perda da criança saudável que esperava. Os pais são confrontados com o trabalho psíquico de aceitar que a criança fantasmática e imaginária foi substituída por esta criança real. Este trabalho tem o intuito de promover uma reflexão acerca da influência do diagnóstico pré-natal na formação de possíveis psicopatologias no laço pais-bebê, bem como o papel do profissional de saúde mental, enfocando, sobretudo, o lugar do psicanalista que atua favorecendo a tessitura das ligações dos futuros pais, seus bebês com problemas e as equipes.
Santos, Haley Calcagnotto dos. "Gastrosquise : diagnóstico pré-natal, seguimento e análise de fatores prognósticos para óbito em recém-nascidos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26142.
Full textPeña, Duque Julio Alejandro. "História natural das trissomias 13 e 18, após diagnóstico pré-natal em um hospital escola." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172542.
Full textIntroduction: Trisomy 18 (T18) and Trisomy 13 (T13) are respectively the second and third most common cause of aneuploidies, with an increase in diagnosis given the development of methods and protocols that include ultrasound and biochemical screening, with the possibility of performing a prenatal diagnosis from the fetal karyotype. These are a serious, potentially lethal polymalformative syndromes associated with a high rate of spontaneous abortion, intrauterine death and short postnatal life with early neonatal death. The present study aims to describe and analyze the natural history of these trisomies in a country where there is no consider a legal provision for therapeutic interruption in these cases. Objectives To analyze and describe the natural history of pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 and trisomy 18, identified through amniocentesis to obtain a fetal karyotype, which were performed between October 1994 and October 2017 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and accompanied by the Fetal Medicine Group, and thus compare the data found in this local casuistry with the current literature on the subject. Methods: Analyzed the medical records of patients who performed a fetal karyotype, through amniocentesis, for prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 or trisomy 18. When incomplete, telephone calls were made to complete them. The possible fetal outcomes (spontaneous abortion, fetal death and live birth), describing their natural history, and considering mainly the survival of the 16 children were born alive. Data about each patient was collected and organized (demographic, ultrasound, gestation course) in order to do a secondary analysis. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 18.0. Results: Forty-two patients were included, being 13 (31%) T13 and 29 (69%) T18. All cases had a fetal karyotype for prenatal diagnosis through amniocentesis. 92.9% of the patients were referred due to malformations detected on ultrasound. In the malformations assessment, it was found that the identification of cleft lip and / or palate (p 0.008), pyelocalycial dilatation (p 0.037) and holoprosencephaly (p <0.0001) were frequent echographic findings in T13. The abortion rate was 9% for T18, while there were no cases in T13. Fetal death occurred in 46% and 52% of cases for T13 and T18 respectively. The rate of live births was 54% for T13, and the median survival was one day [95% CI - 33.55-90.40]. 71% of the cases died in the first 24 hours and two cases that exceeded the first week of life: 14 days and 180 days respectively. For T18 the median survival was 2 days [95% CI -1.89-13.17]. Five cases (45%) died within the first 24 hours. Another 45% died in the first week. One case (10%) exceeded the month of life, with a survival of 39 days. No case in both trisomies has exceeded the year of life. Conclusions The results of this study are consistent with those referenced in the literature on the diagnosis of T13 and T18, when performed in the prenatal period. The presence of malformations in ultrasound was the most motivated the referral to specialized care and diagnostic procedures, being identified some characteristic findings that can increase the diagnostic suspicion, when detected in the ultrasound examination, mainly for trisomy 13, as they are defects of midline and pyelocalycial dilatation. In addition, it was possible to confirm the characteristics of a potentially lethal polymalformative syndrome of these trisomies when evaluated its natural history, characterized by a high rate of intrauterine fetal death and short overall survival at birth. This study will also provide important information to define management and follow-up procedures and protocols to be carried out by trained multidisciplinary teams that allow adequate preconceptional and genetic counseling processes, and thus facilitate decision making by the pregnant patient, her partner and the family. In addition, it will provide information to reassess collective health policies, opening the discussion on whether to also consider the therapeutic interruption of gestation in cases of trisomy 13 and trisomy 18, based on parental desire and judicial authorization.
Ramos, Juliana Limeira de Araujo Moura. "Caracterização sócio demográfica e resultados perinatais das gestações com diagnóstico ultra-sonográfico de malformação fetal maior avaliadas em centro de referência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-13012009-113705/.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to describe the socio demographic profile and perinatal outcome of pregnant women with prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of major fetal malformation at the Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. The study was performed from 15th December 2005 to 15th December 2006. Cases that were not confirmed and did not consent to participate in the study were excluded. Mean maternal age was 27.1 years and skin color was brown in 48.1% of the cases (white: 35.5% and black: 16.4%). According to the educational level and salary, 57.8% did not finish college and the mean monthly income was 3.1 minimal wages. 19.4% of the cases had private health insurance coverage. The proportion of women who were taking medications during pregnancy was 26.6%, and from these, 5.7% intended for an abortion. Drug addiction during the first trimester was admitted by 1.2%. A previous history of a fetal malformation was reported by 10.4% of women, most cases were related to cardiac, genetic or environmental syndromes. The central nervous system was the most frequent site of malformation (28.1%), followed by renal (9.3%) and cardiac (9%) defects. Fetal karyotype was determined in 36.7% (123/335) of the fetuses and 23.6% of the results were abnormal. Pregnancy outcome was ascertained in 311 cases (92.8%): 76.8% were alive, 25.7% were neonatal deaths, 16.4% were stillborn and 6.3% miscarried. This study describes social demographic features and perinatal outcome in pregnancies with major fetal malformation diagnosed antenatally. This information is useful for parents preconception counseling
Oppermann, Maria Lúcia Rocha. "Predição clinica pré-natal de recém-nascidos pequenos para a idade gestacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6477.
Full textVargas, Mauro Henrique Moraes. "Avaliação dos efeitos do estresse pré-natal sobre parâmetros comportamentais e pulmonares em camundongos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4685.
Full textIntroduction : The prenatal period is critical for the development and maturation of several organ systems essential. Objective : To evaluate the effects of prenatal stress on behavioral responses, as well as possible structural changes and standard cell lung in an experimental model with Balb/c. Materials and Methods : We used female Balb/c primiparous. After identification of pregnancy, the animals were divided into 3 groups: CTLE (control), PNS 1 (stress every other day from the 8th day of pregnancy) and PNS 2 (stress from day 15 of pregnancy until birth). The prenatal stress was accomplished through containment. The animals were weighed at birth, weaning and day 10 (day 21). As adults, we analyzed the behavior of fear/anxiety through field tests (AC) and elevated plus maze (EPM) was performed and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung histopathology. Results : No differences were found in relation to animal weight among the three groups. Behavioral analysis of the males in the test AC and EPM, showed no significant difference between groups PNS 1 and PNS 2 relative to CTLE. In the analysis of the test AC, females PNS 1 group showed a decrease in the total distance covered (P <0. 001) increased time on the periphery (p <0. 001) and decreased time the center (p <0. 001) compared to the group CTLE. The test EPM in females was not significantly different among the three groups. The analysis of the cellular profile in BAL and lung histology, there were no differences between groups. Conclusion : The prenatal stress induces changes in the behavior of fear/anxiety only in Balb/c mice and the stress model from the eighth day of pregnancy, suggesting that the effects of the programming are possible in this model. On the other hand, prenatal stress caused no alterations in basal lung.
Introdução : O período pré-natal é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento e a maturação de diversos sistemas e órgãos essenciais. Objetivo : Avaliar os efeitos do estresse pré-natal sobre as respostas comportamentais, assim como possíveis alterações estruturais e do padrão celular no pulmão em um modelo experimental com camundongos Balb/c. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizadas fêmeas Balb/c primíparas. Após a identificação da prenhez, os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos: CTLE (controle), PNS 1 (estresse em dias intercalados a partir do 8° dia da prenhez) e PNS 2 (estresse a partir do 15° dia da prenhez até o nascimento). O estresse pré-natal foi realizado através de contenção. Os animais foram pesados ao nascimento, dia 10 e no desmame (dia 21). Quando adultos, foram analisados o comportamento de medo/ansiedade por meio dos testes de campo aberto (CA) e labirinto em cruz elevada (LCE) e foi realizado lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) e análise histopatológica do pulmão. Resultados : Não foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao peso dos animais entre os três grupos. A análise comportamental dos machos no teste do CA e LCE, não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos PNS 1 e PNS 2 em relação ao CTLE. Na análise do teste CA, as fêmeas do grupo PNS 1 apresentaram uma diminuição da distância total percorrida (p<0,001), aumento do tempo na periferia (p<0,001) e diminuição do tempo no centro (p<0,001) quando comparado ao grupo CTLE. O teste de LCE nas fêmeas não teve diferença significativa entre os três grupos. Quanto à análise do perfil celular no LBA e histologia pulmonar, também não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão : O estresse pré-natal induz a alterações no comportamento de medo/ansiedade somente em camundongos Balb/c fêmeas e no modelo de estresse a partir do oitavo dia da prenhez, evidenciando que os efeitos do programming são possíveis nesse modelo. Por outro lado, o estresse pré-natal não provocou alterações basais no pulmão.
Telles, Jorge Alberto Bianchi. "Defeitos congênitos no Rio Grande do Sul : diagnóstico ultra-sonográfico pelo estudo morfológico fetal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17234.
Full textOBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of congenital defects detected at birth in Rio Grande do Sul, focusing mainly on those that can be diagnosed prenatally by a Fetal Morphological Ultrasound Study, and finally, to suggest a minimum routine for fetal ultrasonographic examination. METHODS: Initially a population-based descriptive study was performed of the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state official database referring to congenital defects in the state. The period from 2001 to 2005 was delimited, and all livebirths recorded in the Declaration of Livebirths as having one or more congenital anomalies were included. Babies born alive who died at less that one year of age were also included if their cause of death was attributed to a congenital defect, and the fetal deaths when the Death Declaration recorded congenital defects. For the purposes of this study, 25 defects or groups of defects were analyzed, taking into account their prevalence reported in the literature, severity, possibility of prenatal diagnosis or diagnosis during the examination of the newborn. Next the possibilities of Prenatal Diagnosis of the main congenital defects by ultrasound were studied based on the current literature and trying to create a minimum routine for a fetal examination. RESULTS: The 25 defects or groups of defects were 81.74% of the total of 6,236 newborns with defects identified at birth. During the 2001-2005 period, 765,230 babies were born in the state, with an annual mean of 153,046. The overall occurrence of defects diagnosed at birth during the period was 0.81%, and the specific frequencies of those 25 defects were reported. It was found that 787 cases with congenital defects that died in the first year of life were not diagnosed at birth. It was calculated that for each case of cardiopathy diagnosed at birth, about 3 cases were not perceived, and died during the 1st year of life. These calculations were also important for trisomies 13 and 18 (3:1) and the central nervous system (1.28:1). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of frequencies of congenital defects or groups of defects that represents more than 80% of them. Some congenital defects recorded in the Declaration of Livebirths at field number 34 seams to be underestimates, like the congenital cardiopathies. This study suggest that with the ultrasonographic evaluation of 18 planes of fetal anatomy the majority of congenital defects can be traced.
Müller, Janine Santos. "Efeitos agudos do fumo sobre a dinâmica cardiocirculatória da unidade feto-materno-placentária." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171795.
Full textValente, Mayenne Myrcea Quintino Pereira. "Nutrição desequilibrada : ingestão maior que as necessidades corporais em gestantes do município de Itaitinga-CE." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1978.
Full textSubmitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2012-01-23T13:56:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_mmqpvalente.pdf: 865354 bytes, checksum: 47c1fdf1a6648a33abfa5ae556f5cfee (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Nascimento(elienegvn@hotmail.com) on 2012-02-03T13:16:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_mmqpvalente.pdf: 865354 bytes, checksum: 47c1fdf1a6648a33abfa5ae556f5cfee (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-03T13:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_mmqpvalente.pdf: 865354 bytes, checksum: 47c1fdf1a6648a33abfa5ae556f5cfee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Estudo transversal, descritivo-exploratório, realizado em Itaitinga-CE, cujos objetivos foram identificar o perfil socioeconômico e obstétrico de gestantes; verificar a prevalência do Diagnóstico de Enfermagem: “Nutrição desequilibrada - ingestão maior que as necessidades corporais” em gestantes; verificar as características definidoras e o fator relacionado ao referido diagnóstico; e descrever o poder preditivo e a acurácia das características definidoras e do fator relacionado ao diagnóstico. A amostra de 146 gestantes foi estabelecida por coeficiente de confiança de 95%, erro amostral de 5% e P de 50,0%. Os dados foram coletados de abril a setembro 2009. Foram organizados no Excel, versão 2003, analisados nos softwares Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 16.0, Predictive Analysis SoftWare (PASW) versão 18.0 e R versão 2.8.1. Foram calculadas frequências absolutas e percentuais das variáveis nominais. Para as variáveis quantitativas, foram apresentadas a média e o desvio padrão. Para verificação de independência entre variáveis nominais, foi aplicado o teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Foram aplicados o teste da probabilidade exata de Fisher ou o teste de Fisher-Freeman-Halton quando pelo menos 25% das frequências esperadas foram inferiores a cinco. Para a magnitude de associação entre as variáveis nominais, foi calculada a Odds Ratio (OR). Para análise de diferença de mediana, foi aplicado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Para verificação da acurácia das características definidoras, foram calculadas a sensibilidade, a especificidade e os valores preditivos. O projeto seguiu as recomendações da Resolução no. 196/96, sendo submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Ceará, conforme parecer nº 18/09. A idade média das gestantes foi de 24,34 anos, renda per capita média de R$ 168,30, média de pessoas na família 3,99, 126 (86,3%) declararam união consensual/casada, 96 (65,8%) eram do lar, 77 (53,4%) tinham ensino fundamental. A paridade média foi 1,24, 60 (41,1%) eram nulíparas e 87 (57%) estavam no segundo trimestre da gestação. Vinte (13,0%) gestantes apresentavam baixo peso, 89 (61,0%) peso adequado, 23 (16,0%) sobrepeso e 14 (10,0%) obesidade. Na gestação, o baixo peso reduziu em 50,0%, o eutrofismo em 51,7% e aumentaram os casos de sobrepeso em 160,8% e de obesidade em 135,7%. Sete (4,8%) gestantes apresentaram dobra da pele do tríceps maior que 25 mm. Predominou o consumo de alimentos do grupo A, 141 (96,6%) gestantes eram sedentárias, 55 (32,3%) se alimentavam por sugestão interna além da fome, 80 (42,5%) pelo cumprimento do horário da refeição, 73 (42,0%) se alimentavam vendo televisão e 38 (26,0%) se alimentavam além das necessidades metabólicas. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre estado nutricional pré-gestacional e gestacional (p=0,03463); estado nutricional gestacional e idade (p=0,001), paridade (p=0,026) e idade gestacional (p=0,002). As características definidoras mais sensíveis foram sedentarismo (97,10%), alimentar-se em resposta a estímulos internos (86,98%), obesidade/sobrepeso e dobra da pele do tríceps (> 25 mm) (100%). Houve baixa especificidade, tendo alimentar-se em resposta a sugestões externas como a mais específica (70,13%). Houve associação estatisticamente significante em: alimentar-se em resposta a sugestões internas além da fome (p= 0,022), sobrepeso/obesidade (p= 0,000) e dobra da pele do tríceps (> 25mm) (p= 0,014).
Rocha, Bruno Garcia. "Estabelecimento de metodologias de análise do DNA livre plasmático para o diagnóstico pré-natal não invasivo : sexagem fetal." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6993.
Full textIn this paper we proposed and analyzed methodologies using the technology of Cell-Free Fetal Nucleic Acid-Free (cffDNA = Cell Free Fetal DNA) in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). Due to the modern technologies employed and their repercussion among the involved families, we sought to discuss some ethical, social and legal implications. Contrary to the popular belief that the placenta forms an impermeable barrier between mother and child, there is bidirectional traffic between the fetus and mother during pregnancy. Several studies have shown that not only intact cells but also fetal cell-free fetal nucleic acids (cffNA, ie, DNA and RNA) cross the placenta and travels in the mother's bloodstream. Four different applications of analysis technology were identified: cffDNA: a) Prenatal Sex Determination, used in pregnancies under the risk of sexual transmitted diseases and performed through the detection of the Y chromosome b) The diagnosis of certain diseases of a single gene through the detection of paternally inherited mutation c) Fetal Aneuploidy, such as Down syndrome, where chromosomal abnormalities may occur d) identifying the type of fetal blood in pregnancies under the risk of incompatibility, especially RhD. To carry out this work it was used the pre-natal determination of sex in 53 pregnant women at different gestational periods. For that it was proposed and tested methods of DNA extraction, amplification of DNA obtained by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and a new methodology called LAMP (Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification) and the analysis of final results. Furthermore, the efficiency of LAMP and PCR was compared by amplifying different segments of the Y chromosome: DSY14 and TSPY. In three cases the samples were discarded because there was no fetal sex confirmation after molecular tests due to loss of contact with pregnant women. In two other cases the results pointed to male fetuses whilst the ultrasound confirmed these fetuses as females due to contamination. Finally it was obtained 28 male samples (58.33%) with amplification of the sequences of the Y chromosome and 20 female samples (41.67%) that did not amplify the sequence of the Y chromosome but only for the control. These results showed that the amplification lamp is more efficient than PCR, in the analysis of DSY14, the limit of detection is 10 pg and 0.1 pg for LAMP and PCR respectively. It was concluded that the amplification using the LAMP method is faster (60 min) and has a high sensitivity and specificity and does not require sophisticated equipment for reaction if compared to the PCR method. These characteristics make this methodology feaseable in laboratories with limited resources.
Neste trabalho propusemos e analisamos metodologias empregadas no uso da tecnologia dos Ácidos Nucléicos Livres de Células Fetais (cffDNA = Cell Free Fetal DNA) no diagnóstico pré-natal não invasivo (DPIN = Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis). Dada a modernidade das tecnologias empregadas e a sua repercussão nas famílias envolvidas, procuramos discutir algumas implicações éticas, sociais e legais. Ao contrário da crença popular de que a placenta constitui uma barreira impermeável entre mãe e filho, há tráfego bidirecional entre o feto e a mãe durante a gravidez. Vários estudos têm demonstrado que tanto células fetais intactas e ácidos nucléicos livres de células fetais (cffNA, ou seja, DNA e RNA) atravessam a placenta e circulam na corrente sanguínea materna. Identificamos quatro diferentes aplicações da tecnologia de análise do cffDNA: a) Determinação pré-natal do sexo, utilizada em gestações com risco de uma doença ligada ao sexo e realizada através da detecção do cromossomo masculino Y; b) O diagnóstico de certas doenças de gene único, normalmente através da detecção de mutação herdada paternalmente; c) Aneuploidia fetal, tal como a Síndrome de Down, onde há alterações cromossômicas; d) Detecção do tipo de sangue fetal em gestações com risco de incompatibilidade, sobretudo RhD. Para realizar este trabalho utilizamos a determinação pré-natal do sexo em 53 gestantes em diferentes períodos gestacionais. Para tal, testamos e propusemos metodologias de extração do DNA; amplificação do DNA extraído através da técnica da PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) e de uma nova metodologia denominada LAMP (Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification); e a análise final dos resultados. Além disso, comparamos a eficiência da PCR e LAMP amplificando diferentes segmentos do cromossomo Y: DSY14 e TSPY. Em três casos as amostras foram descartadas porque não houve a confirmação do sexo fetal após os testes moleculares devido à perda de contato com as gestantes. Em outros dois casos os resultados apontaram para fetos masculinos, entretanto, no ultra-som eles foram confirmados como femininos, provavelmente devido a uma contaminção. No final obtivemos 28 amostras (58,33%) masculinas, com a amplificação das sequências do cromossomo Y e 20 amostras (41,67%) femininas que não amplificaram a sequência do cromossomo Y e apenas para o controle. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a amplificação por LAMP é mais eficiente que a PCR na análise de DSY14, sendo que o limite de detecção é de 10 pg e 0,1 pg, para a PCR e o LAMP, respectivamente. Concluímos que a amplificação utilizando a metodologia de LAMP é mais rápida (60 minutos) e apresenta uma alta especificidade, sensibilidade e não requer equipamentos sofisticados para reação, comparada com a técnica da PCR. Tais características viabilizam esta metodologia em laboratórios com poucos recursos.
Moraes, Carolina Leão de. "Fatores de risco para anomalia congênita: estudo de caso-controle." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6782.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-26T10:05:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina Leão de Moraes - 2016.pdf: 2471392 bytes, checksum: a44c5f84a2e4f1c1eba08208f748a84e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T10:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina Leão de Moraes - 2016.pdf: 2471392 bytes, checksum: a44c5f84a2e4f1c1eba08208f748a84e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-12
Introduction. Most causes of congenital anomaly (CA) remain still not elucidated; however it is known that genetic and environmental factors can increase the risk of developing these pathologies. The risk factors associated to pregnant women have been highlighted by its ability to influence conception results. Objective. Establish the clinical-epidemiological risk factors to CA. Methods. An observational, prospective, longitudinal, case-control study, performed between November 2014 and January 2016, in a fetal medicine service. The case population consisted of 223 pregnant women with fetuses carrying SA, and the control population consisted of 134 pregnant women without congenital structural anomalies. To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological data of pregnant women participating in the study, a questionnaire was applied for both groups before pre-natal visit. Later, after fetuses SA diagnosis, realized during ultrasonography evaluation, the groups were divided in case group and control group. Results. No significant differences were found in relation to age (p: 0.884), ethnicity (p: 0.887) and number of previous pregnancies (p: 0.139) between both evaluated groups. However, there were significant statistical differences between case group and control group regarding abortion history (OR: 2.05), previous children with CA (OR: 3.85), familiar CA history (OR: 6.03), consanguinity (OR: 4.43) and consumption of teratogenic substances during pregnancy (OR: 5.65). The most frequent SA were central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (30.94%), followed by genitourinary system (GUS) anomalies (23.80%) and by multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) (16.60%). The fetal gender most affected by structural anomalies was the male gender (52.12%). The most frequent final evolution of pregnancies with fetuses carrying SA was the birth (68.61%). Conclusion. The risk factors that influenced the congenital anomaly occurrence were: previous abortion, history of children with previous CA, familial history of CA, inbreeding and teratogenic substances use during pregnancy.
Introdução. A maioria das causas de anomalias congênitas (AC) ainda permanece não elucidada, no entanto, sabe-se que fatores genéticos e ambientais podem aumentar o risco de desenvolvimento destas patologias. Os fatores de risco associados às gestantes têm sido destacados por sua capacidade de influenciar nos resultados da concepção. Objetivo. Estabelecer os fatores de risco clínico-epidemiológicos para AC. Métodos. Estudo observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal, do tipo caso-controle, realizado entre novembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2016, em um serviço de medicina fetal. A população caso foi composta por 223 gestantes com fetos portadores de AE, e a população controle por 134 gestantes sem anormalidades congênitas estruturais. Para avaliar os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos das gestantes participantes da pesquisa, foi aplicado um questionário para ambos os grupos antes da consulta pré-natal. Posteriormente, após diagnóstico de AE fetal, realizado durante a avaliação ultrassonográfica, foram divididas em grupo caso e grupo-controle. Resultados. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação à idade (p: 0,884), etnia (p: 0,887) e número de gestações prévias (p: 0,139) entre os dois grupos avaliados. Entretanto, houve diferenças estatísticas entre o grupo caso e o grupo-controle quanto a antecedentes de abortos (OR: 2,05), filhos anteriores com AC (OR: 3,85), histórico de AC familiar (OR: 6,03), consanguinidade (OR: 4,43) e consumo de substâncias teratogênicas durante a gestação (OR: 5,65). As AE mais frequentes foram as anomalias do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (30,94%), seguida das anomalias do sistema gênitourinário (SGU) (23,80%) e das múltiplas anomalias congênitas (MAC) (16,60%). O sexo fetal mais acometido por anormalidades estruturais foi o sexo masculino (52,12%). A evolução final da gestação de fetos portadores de AE mais frequente foi o nascimento (68,61%). Conclusão. Os fatores de risco que influenciaram a ocorrência de anomalia congênita foram: abortamento prévio, antecedentes de filhos com AC prévia, história familiar pregressa de AC, consanguinidade e uso de substâncias teratogênicas durante a gestação.
Gomes, Aline Grill. "A ultra-sonografia obstétrica e suas implicações na relação mãe-feto : impressões e sentimentos de gestantes com e sem diagnóstico de anormalidade fetal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4123.
Full textCoutinho, Conrado Milani. "Diagnóstico do fator RhD utilizando a reação em cadeia da polimerase convencional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-14012009-183745/.
Full textMolecular biology techniques have added some advantages to conventional diagnosis of the Rhesus (Rh) blood group. Many researches have demonstrated the practical superiority of RhD genotyping using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) over phenotypic identification tests obtained by hemagglutination. The use of different kinds of molecular analysis techniques and genetic sequences has been described. The Rh blood group contains two homologous genes, one encoding the D antigen and the other one coding C/c and E/e antigens. This study objectives were: (1) Detect the RhD sequence specific for the Rh positive individuals; (2) Compare the presence/absence of these sequences with the blood group identified by hemagglutination to calculate PCRs sensitivity and specificity rates. To accomplish these objectives, DNA extracted from venous blood of 23 individuals (4 men and 19 women), Rh positive (11) and negative (12), were analyzed using conventional PCR to amplify RhD and RhCE gene sequences. The comparison of PCR with hemagglutination results has shown total agreement. The sensitivity of this PCR method was evaluated using progressive dilutions of Rh positive samples on water and also on Rh negative samples, which demonstrated successful amplification of until 4 pg/l DNA concentration. These results have indicated that PCR was effective for the RhD genotyping, foreseeing the possibility of its utilization with other embryofetal tissues for invasive diagnosis orientation and anti-D immunoglobulin use only in cases of maternal-fetal incompatibility. Also, with an increase of this techniques sensitivity, fewer DNA amounts could be detected, which will certainly be an important step towards noninvasive fetal RhD diagnosis.
Ruano, Rodrigo. "Avaliação do volume pulmonar pela ultra-sonografia em três dimensões em fetos com hérnia diafragmática congênita isolada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-13102014-163407/.
Full textIntroduction: Predicting neonatal outcome in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the main challenges in Fetal Medicine. Fetal lung volume estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) associated significantely with neonatal outcome. Recently, the rotationa technique (VOCALTM) on threedimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) was introduced, which allows estimating fetal lung in fetuses with CDH. Objectives: To assess fetal lung volumes by 3DUS using the rotational technique (VOCALTM) in fetuses with isolated CDH, and to plot these values in the nomogram previously described by the same author; to correlate fetal lung volumes with neonatal outcome in cases with CDH; to evaluate the accuracy of 3DUS in estimating fetal lung volumes; and, to evaluate the classical prognostic factors in cases with CDH. Patients and Methods: From Febuary 2002 to October 2003, a prospective study was conducted in Maternité-Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades - Université de Paris V - France, in which 3D- ultrasonographic lung volumes were estiamted in 30 fetuses with isolated CDH 23 and 36 weeks of gestation. Each case was submitted to 3D-ultrasound examination once and 3Dvolumetric measurements were obstained by the technique of rotation of the multiplanar imaging (VOCALTM). Termination of pregnancy was perfromed in 8 cases according to the French law. Observed lung volume in each fetus with isolated CDH was compared to the expected fetal lung for specific gestational age determinated by the nomogram previously described. The observed/expected fetal lung volume was then calculated for each case and correlated with neonatal outcome. Besides,other classical sonographic prognostic were evaluated such as: hydramnios, herniated liver, herniated stomach, lung-over- head ratio, severe mediastinal shift and decreased left/right ventricles ratio. Intra- and inter-operator variabilities were also evaluated, as well as the accuracy of 3D- ultrasound in estimating fetal lung volumes. Results: Observed fetal lung volumes were extremely lower in fetuses with CDH when these values were ptotted in the nomogram of fetal lung volume against gestational age. The observed / expected fetal lung volume ratio was significantly downshifted in 12 cases with CDH who died (median: 0.30, range: 0.12-0.66) compared with 10 suvivors (median: 0.40, range: 0.33-0.66, p= 0,017). Among the other prognostic factors, only the LOHR associated significantly with neonatal outcome. Predicting neonatal deaths and neonatal survivals was 90% (9/10) and 75% (9/12) by fetal lung volume on 3DUS whilst it was 80% (8/10) and 66.7% (4/8) on 2DUS, respectivelly. Intra- and inter-variabilities were 0.78cm³ and 0.41cm³ in cases with CDH, respectively. Good accuracy of this method in estimating fetal lung volume was observed (84.86%). Conclusions: In cases with isolated CDH, fetal lung volume estimated by 3D-ultrasonography using the rotational technique corretated significantly with neonatal outcome. LOHR also associated significantly with neonatal outcome
Coelho, Adelaide Stott Howorth Pinto. "Inclusão do osso nasal fetal como marcador ecográfico no rastreio combinado do 1º trimestre para aneuploidias." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/907.
Full textPrenatal screening aims for the early detection of Down syndrome as well as Edwards syndrome, Patau syndrome and Turner syndrome. These are some of the major chromosomal diseases in postnatal life. An effective screening of fetal chromosomal defects can be achieved in the first trimester of pregnancy through several ultrasound and biochemical markers. One of the main targets of ultrasound prenatal screening is to avoid invasive tests on pregnant women with a high-risk for fetal aneuploidy. These kind of procedures are responsible for an abortion risk of 0,5 to 1%. Fetal nasal bone appears as an ultrasound marker that can be combined with the first trimester screening to increase it’s sensitivity and specificity, consequently reducing the number of pregnant women undergoing invasive diagnostic tests.
Pinto, Joana Isabel Monteiro. "Metabonomics of the blood of pregnant women for diagnosis of prenatal disorders." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3156.
Full textA aplicação da metabonómica na pesquisa de novos biomarcadores de doenças tem ganho um interesse crescente na investigação e desenvolvimento, tanto ao nível do processamento analítico como do tratamento de dados. Nomeadamente, a análise metabonómica usando espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (NMR) fornece uma grande quantidade de dados de uma forma rápida e não invasiva sobre a composição de amostras complexas como o plasma sanguíneo. Uma vez que as doenças pré-natais têm um elevado impacto no metabolismo materno e fetal, sendo responsáveis por várias complicações durante e depois da gravidez, esta estratégia foi aplicada ao estudo destas doenças através da análise de sangue de senhoras grávidas (colhido entre 15-24 semanas de gestação), com o objectivo de investigar possíveis metabolitos marcadores ou com poder de previsão para a diabetes gestacional e malformações fetais. Num primeiro passo, foram estudados os perfis metabólicos em RMN dos controlos (n=20) e gravidezes com diagnóstico ou suspeita de malformações fetais (n=11) e pré-diabetes gestacional (com posterior diagnóstico clínico entre 22-34 semanas de gestação). A análise multivariada (análise de componentes principais, PCA; análise discriminante pelo método de mínimos quadrados parcias, (PLS-DA) e duas versões deste último, interval PLS-DA e ortogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA)) foram aplicados com o objectivo de pesquisar por correlações de solidez estatística entre a composição do plasma e a ocorrência das doenças em estudo. Os resultados mostraram que as amostras controlo e doença podem ser diferenciadas com base no seu perfil metabólico, nomeadamente mostrando níveis mais elevados de compostos que contêm colina em mulheres que desenvolveram diabetes gestacional mais tarde na gravidez. Adicionalmente, níveis mais elevados de piruvato, manose e compostos que contêm colina, e níveis mais baixos de vários aminoácidos e acetato foram encontrados nas gravidezes afectadas por malformações fetais. Numa segunda etapa do trabalho, as mesmas amostras foram analisadas por espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformadas de Fourier (FTIR), um método mais barato e acessível para eventual uso clínico. O perfil dos espectros de FTIR também revelou algumas diferenças entre controlos e doenças, no entanto a sua interpretação específica torna-se difícil devido à grande sobreposição de bandas característica de espectros de infravermelho. Estes resultados mostraram que a análise metabonómica de plasma de mulheres grávidas por RMN e FTIR pode ser uma ferramenta poderosa para obter informação bioquímica sobre a saúde pré-natal e encontrar possíveis novos marcadores com potencial para prever doenças, particularmente no caso do diabetes gestacional. ABSTRACT: The use of Metabonomics to search for new disease biomarkers has gained increasing interest in the research community and continuous developments, both at the analytical and data processing levels have boosted this area into new quests in biomarker research. Namely, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-metabonomics provides a large amount of compositional data on complex samples such as blood plasma, in a rapid and non-invasive manner. Since prenatal diseases have a high impact on both maternal and fetal metabolisms, being responsible for a range of complications both during and after pregnancy, this strategy was hereby applied to the study of prenatal diseases, through the analysis of blood (collected at 15-24 gestational weeks), in order to probe for possible marker/predictor metabolites for gestational diabetes and fetal malformations. In the first stage of this work, the plasma metabolic profiles of controls (n=20) and pregnancies affected by diagnosed or suspected fetal malformations (n=11) and pre-gestational diabetes (with posterior clinical diagnosis at 22-34 gestational weeks) were evaluated by NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, PCA; partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA and two extended versions of the latter, interval PLS-DA (iPLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) were applied in order to search for consistent statistical correlations between plasma composition and the occurrence of the diseases. It was found that controls and diseased subjects could be differentiated with basis on their plasma profile, namely showing higher levels of choline-containing compounds in pregestational diabetic women. In addition, higher contents of pyruvate, mannose and choline-containing compounds and lower contents of several amino acids and acetate were found in pregnancies affected by fetal malformations. In a second stage of the work, the same samples were analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a cheaper and more-accessible method, more suited to straightforward clinical use. The FTIR spectral profiles also revealed some differences between controls and diseased subjects, the interpretation of which posing a harder challenge than that of NMR. These results have shown that NMR and FTIR metabonomics of pregnant women blood plasma may be a powerful tool to gain insight into prenatal diseases and find possible new markers with potential predictive value, particularly in the case of gestational diabetes.
Azevedo, Christianne Terra de Oliveira. "Desempenho da reação em cadeia da polimerase no líquido amniótico para diagnóstico da toxoplasmose congênitarevisão sistemática e metanálise." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/12464.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose endêmica em todo o mundo causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii. Embora a maioria das infecções sejam subclínicas e assintomáticas, tem uma grande importância em hospedeiros imunocomprometidos e em recém-nascidos com infecção congênita. A infecção causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii durante a gestação pode causar graves lesões ao feto. A realização de exames laboratoriais para investigação diagnóstica da toxoplasmose congênita durante o prenatal é imprescindível para o tratamento correto da gestante e melhor prognóstico das crianças infectadas.O grande avanço no diagnóstico prenatal da infecção fetal pelo Toxoplasma gondii foi o uso da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) no líquido amniótico. O objetivo da investigação é avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico da PCR para identificação da toxoplasmose fetal em gestantes com diagnóstico sorológico de toxoplasmose recente, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Nessa revisão a sensibilidade global do teste da PCR foi de 77% e a especificidade de 98,3%, alcançando sensibilidade de 87% e especificidade de 99% quando realizado até cinco semanas após o diagnóstico materno. No entanto o desempenho do teste pode variar de acordo com o trimestre da gravidez. Pode ser recomendado para uso nas primeiras cinco semanas após o diagnóstico materno quando há suspeita de toxoplasmose fetal
Costa, Elizabeth da Conceição Leite da. "SÍNDROME DE DOWN E DIAGNÓSTICO PRÉ-NATAL: PERSPECTIVAS DAS GRÁVIDAS EM RISCO E DAS MÃES DE PORTADORES DE TRISSOMIA 21." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7266.
Full textCosta, Elizabeth da Conceição Leite da. "SÍNDROME DE DOWN E DIAGNÓSTICO PRÉ-NATAL: PERSPECTIVAS DAS GRÁVIDAS EM RISCO E DAS MÃES DE PORTADORES DE TRISSOMIA 21." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7266.
Full textSanseverino, Maria Teresa Vieira. "Avaliação da medida da translucência nucal em gestantes com risco elevado de anomalia congênita." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4342.
Full textMoura, Jaisa Maria Magalhães de. "Valor prognóstico das imagens ultra-sonográficas pré-natais nos pacientes com gastrosquise." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2439.
Full textSubmitted by Érika Rayanne Carvalho (carvalho.erika@ymail.com) on 2009-11-30T20:36:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Jaisa%20M%20M%20de%20Moura_parcial.pdf: 639071 bytes, checksum: 879c1f11c0bef2178656b775fc27eddb (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Daniel Ribeiro(daniel@bce.unb.br) on 2009-12-03T00:55:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Jaisa%20M%20M%20de%20Moura_parcial.pdf: 639071 bytes, checksum: 879c1f11c0bef2178656b775fc27eddb (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2009-12-03T00:55:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Jaisa%20M%20M%20de%20Moura_parcial.pdf: 639071 bytes, checksum: 879c1f11c0bef2178656b775fc27eddb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-26
Objetivo: Correlacionar as imagens das alterações ultra-sonográficas de fetos com gastrosquise ao prognóstico pós-natal. Tipo de Estudo: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, tipo série de casos, realizado no Hospital Regional da Asa Sul, no período de 2002 a 2006. Pacientes: Foram incluídos 30 pacientes, seguidos desde o período pré-natal, com ultrasonografias seriadas que foram avaliados e acompanhados pela mesma equipe no período pósnatal. Variáveis analisadas: Nos exames ultra-sonográficos pré-natais dos fetos com gastrosquise, foram analisadas quatro alterações principais: dilatação de alça intestinal intra ou extraabdominal maior que 18 mm, espessamento da parede intestinal e espessamento do mesentério.Estas alterações foram relacionadas ao prognóstico no período pós-natal. Os dados gerais das gestantes foram: idade ao início da gestação e número de exames ultra-sonográficos realizados durante o período gestacional. Os dados gerais dos recém-nascidos foram: o gênero, a idade gestacional, o peso ao nascimento, o aspecto do líquido amniótico e as anomalias associadas. As variáveis relacionadas com o prognóstico foram: classificação quanto ao aspecto das alças intestinais exteriorizadas ao nascimento, mortalidade, número de complicações, presença de atresias intestinais e tempo de internação hospitalar. Método: Foram realizadas ultra-sonografias pré-natais seriadas nos fetos com gastrosquise. Por meio de protocolos padronizados, foram feitas revisões de prontuários e entrevistas com os genitores para a coleta das variáveis a serem analisadas. A presença ou ausência de alterações ultra-sonográficas, em fetos com o diagnóstico de gastrosquise foi correlacionada aos fatores prognósticos pós-natais.Os testes de Fisher, análise de variância de ANOVA, teste de Ducan e o teste t de student foram utilizados para a análise estatítiscas. Conclusão: Os pacientes com gastrosquise que apresentavam alterações ultra-sonográficas durante o período pré-natal tiveram piores prognósticos quando comparados aos pacientes que não apresentaram estas alterações. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Objective: To correlate the alterated ultrasonographic images of gastroschisis’ fetus with the postnatal prognosis. Type of Study: A retrospective descriptive study of case series. The study was carried on at Hospital Regional da Asa Sul from 2002 until 2006. Patients: Thirty patients were included in the study. They were all followed during the prenatal period with serial ultrasonographic observations. At postnatal period, the same multidisciplinary team evaluated the patient. Analyzed variables: At prenatal ultrasonographic exams of fetus with gastroschisis, four main alterations were analyzed and related to postnatal prognosis. The first two were dilatation of an intestinal segment bigger than 18mm, either intra or extra-abdominal. The third was the thickness of the intestinal wall and the fourth, the thickness of the mesenterium. General data collected from the pregnant woman were the age at the beginning of pregnancy and the number of ultrasonographic exams done during the gestational period. General data from the newborn included gender, gestational age, birth weight, the aspect of aminiotic fluid and associated anomalies. The variables that were related with prognosis were: the aspect of extra-abdominal intestinal segments, mortality, complications, the presence of atresic intestinal segments and total hospitalization period. Method: Prenatal serial ultrasonographic images were done to evaluate alterations in fetus with gastroschisis. From established protocols, all charts were reviewed and an interview with the parents was carried out to check the variables that would be analyzed. The presence or absence of ultrasonographic alterations, in gastroschisis’ fetus, was correlated with postnatal prognosis factors. The statistical analysis was done with Fisher exact test, one-way analysis of variance - ANOVA, Ducan’s test and student’s t-test. Conclusion: Gastroschisis’ patients that had ultrasonographic alterations during prenatal period had a worse prognosis when they were compared with patients that did not have these alterations.
Portela, Patrícia Cardoso. "Prevalência e diagnóstico laboratorial da infecção pelo vírus HTLV em gestantes de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2002 a 2006." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2008. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/1963.
Full textSubmitted by Larissa Ferreira dos Angelos (ferreirangelos@gmail.com) on 2009-10-05T18:10:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_PatriciaCardosoPortela.pdf: 2951466 bytes, checksum: bf899b04fcc61581f0371590568bece5 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Tania Milca Carvalho Malheiros(tania@bce.unb.br) on 2009-10-16T13:43:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_PatriciaCardosoPortela.pdf: 2951466 bytes, checksum: bf899b04fcc61581f0371590568bece5 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2009-10-16T13:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_PatriciaCardosoPortela.pdf: 2951466 bytes, checksum: bf899b04fcc61581f0371590568bece5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
O Programa Estadual de Proteção à Gestante de Mato Grosso do Sul (PEPG-MS) realizou a triagem para a infecção pelo HTLV1-2 em 155.807 gestantes entre 2002 e 2006, através da técnica de ELISA em papel filtro. Com o objetivo de conhecer o comportamento do HTLV frente aos testes laboratoriais utilizados no PEPG-MS, foi realizado estudo descritivo onde foram encontrados 206 (0,13%) casos de HTLV, que foram confirmados pela técnica de ELISA e Western Blot no soro. Das 206 gestantes, 13,1% foram diagnosticadas como indeterminadas, 76,6% como HTLV-1, 9,7% como HTLV-2 e 1 (0,4%) como infecção mista (HTLV 1 e 2). Em relação aos resultados do Western Blot, 54,0% apresentaram 11 bandas presentes (4 proteínas ENV e 7 proteínas GAG), sendo que, 72,9% destes casos correspondem ao HTLV-1, refletindo uma forte reação do vírus frente às proteínas utilizadas no teste. O HTLV-2 apresentou uma reação mais fraca do que o tipo 1, onde a combinação de maior freqüência foi de 2 proteínas ENV com 1 GAG, representando 33,3% do total. Uma reatividade mais fraca ainda, e mais distribuída, pode ser observada nos casos indeterminados, em que 30,7% apresentaram apenas 2 bandas reagentes sendo que, no cruzamento das proteínas ENV e GAG, houve uma distribuição desta maneira: 0 ENV e 2 GAG, 2 ENV e 0 GAG e 1 ENV e 1 GAG. Por se tratar de um caso raro, a infecção mista provavelmente só pode ser detectada em um estudo com uma amostra grande como este. O PEPG-MS segue os critérios de diagnósticos para o HTLV recomendados pelo Ministério da Saúde. A triagem pré-natal é de suma importância na prevenção da transmissão vertical, além de possibilitar a tomada de medidas preventivas para evitar as outras formas de transmissão. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Program for Pregnant Women Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul carried out the initial trial for the HTLV 1-2 infection in 155.807 pregnant women, between 2002 and 2006, by the means of ELISA technique in filter paper. Aiming to get knowledge about the HTLV behavior in face of the laboratorial tests used in the Program, a descriptive study was done in which 206 cases of HTLV were found (0,13%) that had their confirmation by the means of ELISA and Western Blot techniques in serum. From those 206 pregnant women, 13,1% had their diagnosis as indeterminate, 76,6% due to HTLV-1, 9,7% due to HTLV-2 and 1 case (0,4%) of mixed infection (HTLV 1 and 2). Concerning to the results obtained with the Western Blot technique, 54,0% presented 11 bands (4 ENV proteins and 7 GAG proteins), so that 72,9% of these cases refer to HTLV-1, reflecting a strong virus reaction to the proteins used in the test. The HTLV-2 showed an even weaker than that caused by the type 1 that had its most frequent combination as 2 ENV proteins with 1 GAG. Whereas it is a rare case, a mixed infection can probably be detected only in studies with great samples, like this one. The Program for Pregnant Women Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul follows the criteria for HTLV diagnosis recommended by the Ministry of Health. The prenatal initial trial is of great importance for the prevention of vertical transmission, besides the fact of making it possible to take preventive actions in order to avoid other manners of transmission.
Almeida, Lara Alexandra Monteiro. "Lipidómica do plama materno para o diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional e trissomia 21." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14197.
Full textDevido à elevada incidência das doenças pré-natais, as complicações que podem causar tanto a mãe como ao feto e a necessidade da recorrência a métodos invasivos (amniocentese, amostragem das vilosidades coriónicas) para o diagnóstico, é de extrema importância desenvolver métodos de diagnósticos pré-natais não invasivos com maior sensitividade que possam permitir, de forma rápida, o rastreio ou diagnóstico precoce e garantir o bem-estar da mãe e do feto. Os lípidos encontram-se associados ao desenvolvimento de várias patologias da gravidez, nomeadamente a diabetes gestacional, anomalias cromossómicas, malformações fetais, entre outros. A lipidómica, que se debruça sobre o estudo dos lípidos, constitui uma ferramenta analítica muito útil para a pesquisa de biomarcadores que possam ser indicadores de certas patologias. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar possíveis marcadores lipídicos presentes no plasma materno que possam ser indicativos de diabetes gestacional e trissomia 21. Numa primeira etapa foi feita a extração de amostras de plasma de mulheres saudáveis, utilizando cinco métodos de extração distintos, com o objetivo de escolher o melhor método, em termos de eficácia e reprodutibilidade, utilizando a espetroscopia de RMN. Numa segunda etapa, após a escolha do melhor método de extração, amostras de mulheres grávidas saudáveis, diagnosticadas com diabetes mellitus gestacional e com fetos afetados pela trissomia 21, no 1º e 2º trimestre de gravidez foram analisadas, utilizando ferramentas bioinformáticas (análise multivariada: PCA e PLS-DA), com o objetivo de estudar alterações na composição lipídica do plasma entre controlos e doenças. Os resultados revelaram que existem diferenças nos níveis lipídicos plasmáticos entre mulheres grávidas com diabetes mellitus gestacional e mulheres grávidas saudáveis, existindo uma maior variação nos glicerídeos. A análise da trissomia 21 revelou que mulheres com fetos afetados por trissomia 21 possuem níveis diminuídos de fosfolípidos, tanto no 1º como no 2º trimestre, em relação aos controlos.
Due to high incidence of prenatal diseases and complications that they can cause to both the mother and the fetus, it is extremely important to develop efficient methods for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis that may allow screening /early diagnosis and ensure the well-being of mother and fetus. The lipids are associated with the development of various pregnancy diseases such as diabetes mellitus, chromosomal abnormalities, fetal malformations among others. The lipidomics, which focuses on the study of lipids, is a very useful analytical tool for the detection of biomarkers that may be indicators of certain diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate possible lipid markers present in maternal plasma that may be indicative of gestational diabetes and trisomy 21. In the first stage of this work, the extraction of samples from healthy women using 5 methods of lipids extraction was carried in order to choose the best method, using NMR spectroscopy. In the second stage, after choosing the best method of extraction, samples from healthy pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and with fetuses affected by trisomy 21 (1st and 2nd trimester) of pregnancy were analyzed using bioinformatics tools (multivariate analysis: PCA and PLS-DA) to study changes in the lipid composition of the plasma between controls and disease. The findings revealed that there are differences in plasma lipid levels among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy pregnant women with greater variation in the resonance of the glycerides. The analysis of trisomy 21 revealed that women with fetuses affected by trisomy 21 have decreased levels of phospholipids in both 1st and 2nd trimesters compared to controls.
Quirino, Isabel Luiza Gomes. "Curso clínico de 822 crianças com diagnóstico pré-natal de nefrouropatias: desenvolvimento de um modelo de predição clínica de doença renal crônica." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-92QHAJ.
Full textIntrodução e Objetivos: A detecão, durante o periodo pre-natal, de anomalias congitas dos rins e das vias urinárias permitiu o acompanhamento precoce dessas condições. O objetivo desse estudo avaliar o curso clínico de uma coorte de pacientes com nefrouropatias detectadas durante o período prnatal e desenvolver um modelo preditivo de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença renal crônica. Pacientes e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com 822 pacientes portadores de anomalias congênitas dos rins e das vias urináriias (CAKUT) incluidos na análise. Os pacientes foram sistematicamente acompanhados na Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG por um tempo mediano de 43 meses. As variáveis incluídas na análise foram: sexo, lateralidade, achados no ultrassom fetal (hidronefrose isolada vs. associada), presença/ausência de uropatias e creatina sódica. Os eventos de interesse foram ocorrência de doença renal crônica (DRC), infecão do trato urinário (ITU), intervençôes cirurgicas, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e oito. Análise de sobrevida foi utilizada para avaliar o tempo ata ocorrêcia dos eventos de interesse. Foi desenvolvido, também, um modelo preditivo para o desenvolvimento da DRC. Para isso, foi utilizado o modelo de taxas de falhas proporcionais de Cox e a estatistica C. Finalmente, foi desenvolvido um escore de risco prognotico, utilizando cada variável relacionada DRC. Resultados: ITU ocorreu em 245 (29,8%) criaças, com risco aumentado no sexo feminino [hazard ratio=1,30; intervalo de confiança (IC)=1,02 1,70; P=0,05]. HAS ocorreu em 22 pacientes (2,7%). Doze pacientes (1,5%) faleceram durante o período de seguimento. Quarenta e nove pacientes (6%) desenvolveram DRC. O risco de DRC foi maior em pacientes com hidronefrose associada (hazard ratio=5,2; IC=2,90 9,30). O modelo de predio da DRC mais acurado incluiu: hidronefrose bilateral, oligohidrónio, creatinina sódica e diagnostico pré-natal de hipodisplasia e uropatia obstrutiva. Pela anáise de sobrevida foi estimado que, em 10 anos, a probabilidade de sobrevida renal foi de 98%, 86% e 52% para os pacientes com baixo, médio e alto risco, respectivamente. Conclusões: O curso clínico dos pacientes com CAKUT heterogêneo. O modelo preditivode DRC pode contribuir para a identificação precoce de um subgrupo de pacientes portadores de nefrouropatias detectadas durante o prnatal que apresentam alto risco de desenvolverem DRC.
Miragaia, Telma de Jesus Monteiro. "Amniocentese por idade materna: sempre?" Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/811.
Full textIntroduction: There are non-invasive prenatal methods with a rate of 97% efficacy in the detection of aneuploidies. Although the number of amniocentesis made exclusively because of maternal age has been increasing in our country, the number of fetal chromosomal abnormalities has remained stable. Aim: Evaluating the importance of the different reasons leading to the performance of amniocentesis, focusing particularly on the maternal age. Methods: Transversal, retrospective and documental study with 766 pregnant women that underwent amniocentesis between the beginning of 2001 and the end of 2008 in Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. The several indications for the performance of amniocentesis and the fetal karyotype result were evaluated. SPSS software was used in the statistical analysis, with descriptive statistics for each variable and Fisher´s Exact Test among the variables, considering the existence of a association when p<0,05. Odds Ratio was also calculated for the several reasons that conducted to the performance of amniocentesis and for the age groups. Results: Maternal age was the most frequent indication for performing amniocentesis, corresponding to 76,4% (585) of the cases, followed by nuchal translucency increased with a percentage of 9,4% (72) and positive biochemical screening 4% (31). In relation to the fetal karyotype, 1,8% (14) corresponded to chromosomal abnormalities and most of them were trisomy 21, 1,2% (9). Four altered karyotypes were obtained in the group that performed amniocentesis exclusively because of maternal age, being the rentability approximately 1/146 (4/585). Nevertheless, the rentability in this group increases to 1/148 (4/193) if we only consider pregnant women with more than 37 years old. From the 181 amniocentesis performed for different reasons, 10 altered karyotypes whose rentability was approximately 1/18 (10/181) were obtained. In the group that underwent this exam because of increased nuchal translucency, rentability was even higher (approximately 1/14), since 5 of the the 72 amniocentesis performed for this reason had a positive result. Twenty medical pregnancies interruptions were performed for several indications, specially because of trisomy 21(in nine of the cases). Conclusion: There is still a high number of amniocentesis made exclusively because of maternal age (35 years or more by the time the child is born), although this indication has little relevance in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities. It was concluded that the existing prenatal diagnostic protocols should be revised and adapted to the new reality, since there is non-invasive methods with a detection rate higher than 95%, which means that Portugal needs a clinical decision that determines the performance of the biochemical screening and of the first trimester ecography for every pregnant woman.
Albuquerque, Débora de Paula Soares de Medeiros. "Avaliação do desempenho da ultrassonografia no diagnóstico pré-natal de microcefalia utilizando a curva de hadlock no contexto da epidemia de Zika vírus." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/49319.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 21/07/2017
Inclui referências : f. 66-77
Resumo: Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho do método utilizado atualmente para o diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de microcefalia no período pré-natal, o Escore z (considerado padrão-ouro), com a curva de Percentis (mais utilizada na prática clínica). Material e Método: Foram selecionadas gestantes que fizeram seus exames ultrassonográficos de pré-natal em uma clínica privada de Curitiba. As medidas da circunferência craniana fetal foram avaliadas qualitativamente. Também foram classificadas conforme a sua distribuição na curva proposta por Hadlock et al., segundo os Percentis e Escore z, em suspeitas de microcefalia de acordo com 4 critérios (medidas abaixo do 5o Percentil; medidas abaixo do 2o Percentil; medidas de 2 DP abaixo da média esperada para a idade gestacional e medidas a 3 DP abaixo da média esperada para a idade gestacional). As medidas que não se enquadravam nesses critérios foram consideradas normais. Um questionário foi aplicado às gestantes para determinar se a suspeita ou a ausência de suspeita de microcefalia eram confirmadas após o parto. Resultados: Foram analisados 1683 exames ultrassonográficos de 400 gestantes, realizados nos 2º e 3º trimestres da gravidez, sendo 640 (38%) no 2º trimestre e 1043 (62%) no 3º trimestre. Ao se adotar o limiar de -3DP da média para a idade gestacional, em 0,9% dos exames o feto foi considerado microcéfalo; utilizando o corte de -2DP o valor foi de 4,2% exames positivos para microcefalia; com medidas abaixo do 2o percentil foram 3,9% e abaixo do 5o percentil foram 8%. Nenhum dos fetos da amostra teve a suspeita de microcefalia confirmada após o parto. A especificidade variou de 92 a 99,1% (para corte abaixo do 5o percentil e abaixo de 3DP, respectivamente). Foi encontrada diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre os dois trimestres quanto à proporção de casos suspeitos de microcefalia. Conclusão: Utilizar a curva de Percentis para suspeitar de microcefalia fetal aumenta a probabilidade de falsos positivos. Apesar do critério de corte da circunferência craniana em "abaixo do 2o percentil" e em "- 2DP" apresentarem eficácia semelhante no diagnóstico de microcefalia, é o Escore z que deve ser utilizado para diagnosticar essa anomalia. Descritores: Microcefalia; Ultrassonografia Pré-natal; Infecção Congênita; Zika Vírus; Circunferência craniana.
Abstract: Purpose: To compare the performance of the currently method used for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of prenatal microcephaly, the z-score (considered gold standard), with the percentis curve (most used in clinical practice). Material and Method: were selected pregnant women who performed their prenatal ultrasound exams in a private clinic in Curitiba, Brazil. Measurements of fetal head circumference were qualitatively evaluated. They were also classified according to their distribution in the curve proposed by Hadlock et al, according to the percentiles and z-score, in suspected microcephaly according to 4 criteria (measures below the 5th percentile, measures below the 2nd percentile; measures 2 SD below the expected average for gestational age, and measures 3 SD below the expected average for gestational age). Measures that did not meet these criteria were considered normal. A questionnaire was applied to pregnant women to determine whether the suspicion or absence of suspected microcephaly was confirmed after birth. Results: A total of 1683 ultrasound exams of 400 pregnant women performed in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were analyzed, 640 (38%) in the 2nd trimester and 1043 (62%) in the 3rd trimester. When adopting the threshold -3SD below average for gestational age, in 0.9% of the exams the fetus was considered microcephalus; using the threshold of -2SD, the result was 4.2% positive for microcephaly; 3.9% had measures below the 2nd percentile, and 8% below the 5th percentile. None of the fetuses in the sample had the suspected microcephaly confirmed after delivery. The specificity varied from 92 to 99.1% (for threshold below the 5th percentile and below -3SD, respectively). A significant difference (p <0.001) was found between the two trimesters regarding the proportion of suspected cases of microcephaly. Conclusion: To use the Percentis curve to suspect fetal microcephaly increases the propability of false positives. Although the cranial circumference at "below the 2nd percentile" and at "-2DP" have similar efficacy in the ultrasound diagnosis of microcephaly, it is the z score that should be used to diagnose this anomaly. Key words: Microcephaly; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Congenital Infection, Zika Virus, Cephalometry.
Canton, Ana Pinheiro Machado. "Variações no número de cópias cromossômicas submicroscópicas como causa de baixa estatura de início pré-natal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-18062015-112649/.
Full textAnalysis of chromosomic copy number variants (CNVs) have demonstrated the important role of these genomic imbalances in population diversity and human disease. The model of CNV disease association involves deletions and/or duplications that are individually rare but encompass chromosomal segments of relevant size. Prenatal onset short stature patients constitute a complex group characterized by clinical heterogeneity. The causes of prenatal growth impairment frequently involve genetic changes that disturb the mechanisms and the pathways of fetal growth and development. Thus, we hipothesized that rare CNVs might contribute to the genetic etiology of prenatal onset short stature. In order to evaluate this assumption, our study analyzed the presence of submicroscopic deletions and/or duplications in a selected group of patients born small for gestational age with persistent short stature but without a recognized cause. A total of 51 patients with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation associated with dysmorphic features, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, but without criteria for known syndromes, were selected. All patients had normal G-banded karyotyping. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in a whole-genome 60K platform was performed using DNA obtained from all patients. Detected CNVs were compared with CNV data from healthy controls individuals, excluding common copy number polymorphisms. In 17 of the 51 patients screened (33%), 18 rare CNVs were identified. The pathogenicity of CNVs was assessed by considering the following criteria: inheritance and familial segregation; overlap with genomic coordinates for a known genomic imbalance syndrome; overlap with CNVs previously identified in other patients with prenatal onset short stature; and gene content. Four distinct CNVs, found in three patients, were classified as pathogenic: 1) del 22q11.21; 2) dup 10q26.2-26.3 and del 10q26.3; and 3) del 4q28.2-q31.21. Five CNVs, found in five patients, were classified as probably pathogenic: 4) del 3q27.1-q27.3; 5) del 20p13; 6) dup 14q11.2-q12; 7) dup 16q24.1-q24; and 8) dup Xq31.1-q13.2. Taken both groups together, we found pathogenic or probably pathogenic CNVs in 16% of patients. According to familial segregation, four variants were considered as variants of uncertain clinical significance, while five variants were considered as benign. In an attempt to establish a causal genotype-phenotype correlation and to identify genes involved in growth impairment of prenatal onset, the gene content of the variants was analyzed using bioinformatics tools for gene prioritization. Based on our results, it is possible to make the following conclusions: 1) the frequency of pathogenic or probably pathogenic CNVs was at least 16%, indicating that rare CNVs are probably among the genetic causes of prenatal onset short stature; 2) aCGH clarified the diagnosis and the genetic etiology involved in the phenotype of 8 selected patients; and 3) we found CNVs in distinct chromosomal regions with several candidate genes that may be involved in the mechanisms of growth regulation and/or in the regulatory pathways of intrauterine development
Moreira, Marta Fernandes. "Pesquisa rápida de aneuploidias em diagnóstico prénatal: recomendações." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12630.
Full textO diagnóstico prénatal (DPN) tem demonstrado ser cada vez mais importante na deteção precoce de um vasto número de anomalias no feto. A grande maioria das anomalias cromossómicas detetadas em DPN devem-se a alterações numéricas dos cromossomas 13, 18, 21, X e Y. Para a pesquisa rápida das aneuploidias mais comuns, são utilizadas técnicas como a MLPA e a QF-PCR que permitem o diagnóstico rápido mas direcionado, possibilitando uma intervenção clínica mais atempada, reduzindo a ansiedade dos progenitores. Com este estudo pretendeu-se delinear a estratégia mais adequada a um laboratório de diagnóstico prénatal, com o objetivo de aplicar uma técnica rápida na deteção das aneuploidias mais comuns nos diferentes tipos de amostras rececionadas no laboratório (GDPN), com ênfase em amostras com risco elevado de contaminação materna. Para tal, foi estudada uma série de amostras de LA e BVC, e comparada a rapidez de resposta do resultado, a fidedignidade da mesma bem como os recursos técnicos e económicos despendidos. Este estudo partiu de 713 amostras prénatais das quais 530 eram referentes a LA e 183 a BVC, para as quais havia sido pedido a pesquisa rápida de aneuploidias. Dos 530 LA analisados, apenas 39 amostras, todas hemáticas, constituíram o universo do presente trabalho, juntamente com 183 BVC. Para este estudo, foi seguida a metodologia usada por rotina no nosso laboratório (GDPN), que consistia em iniciar o estudo da pesquisa rápida das aneuploidias mais comuns, independente do aspeto visual da amostra, pela técnica de MLPA, verificando-se que, das 713 amostras recebidas no período em estudo, em 104 amostras (LA hemáticos e BVC) (14,6%) foi necessário recorrer a uma segunda técnica (QF-PCR) de forma a validar o resultado (presença ou ausência de contaminação materna). A aplicação da QF-PCR revelou ser uma opção mais simples e economicamente mais viável, já que numa única reação, permite a deteção das aneuploidias mais comuns, deteção/exclusão de contaminação materna em qualquer amostra e, também, deteção/exclusão de triploidia nos resultados normais femininos de amostras de LA e BVC.
The prenatal diagnosis (DPN) has been important in the early detection on a large number of anomalies in the fetus. The majority of chromosomal abnormalities are detected in DPN to numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. For a quick search of the most common aneuploidies, techniques such as MLPA and QF-PCR allow rapid diagnosis but directed, enabling a more timely clinical intervention, reducing the anxiety of the parents. With this study we delineate the most appropriate strategy to a laboratory for prenatal diagnosis, with the order to apply a rapid technique for the detection of the most common aneuploidies in different types of samples in the laboratory (GDPN), with emphasis on samples with high risk maternal contamination. To this end, we studied a series of samples AF and CVS, and compared the speed of the result, the reliability as well as the technical and economic resources spent. This study was based on 713 prenatal samples of which 530 were related to AF and 183 CVS, for which the rapid screening of aneuploidies was requested. Of the 530 analyzed AF, only 39 samples, all hematic, constituted the domain of this study, along with 183 CVS. For this study, the methodology was used routinely in our laboratory (GDPN), which consisted of starting the study on a rapid search of the most common aneuploidies, regardless of the visual appearance of the sample, by the MLPA, verifying that the 713 samples received during the study period, in 104 samples (AF hematic and CVS) (14.6%) was necessary to use a second technique (QF-PCR) in order to validate the results (presence or absence of maternal contamination).The application of QF-PCR has proved to be simpler and more economically viable option, since a single reaction, permits the detection of the most common aneuploidy detection/exclusion of maternal contamination of any sample and also, detection/exclusion of triploidy in female normal results of samples AF and CVS.
Kessler, Rejane Gus. "Diagnóstico de anormalidades cromossômicas em fetos com múltiplas malformações no HCPA : experiência com o uso exclusivo de cariótipo e avaliação da contribuição da análise molecular." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16331.
Full textWith the development of conventional cytogenetic techniques, since the second half of the last century, there was an enormous growth in knowledge of the etiology of malformed syndromes, being the chromosomal abnormalities considered the most common genetic causes of congenital defects. Therefore, the investigation of chromosomal aberrations by karyotype became a routine in the investigation of the malformations and many other conditions. Since the 70's, when prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus was set up, this became usual practice in many countries, and an important tool for genetic counseling. The introduction of the ultrasound in the obstetrician practice allowed the early identification of the malformed fetus, which has a great probability of being a carrier of some chromosomal aberration. The knowledge of the etiology of the disease is essential to reduce the anxiety of the family and to plan future pregnancies. From 1989 to 2007, 905 pregnant women from Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre had an investigation for their fetus conditions by conventional karyotypes. With this information, a study was made which the main objectives were: to estimate the frequency of the most common chromosomal abnormalities and to estimate the most frequent indications that lead those women to make this invasive procedure (manuscript 1). Although the karyotype is considered the gold standard test for this type of research, it has some limitations, among them: the necessity of a cell culture, which means an expected time between 10 to 14 days to obtain the desired result, and time is a very precious aspect in pregnancy. Moreover, there is a risk of loss of culture because of contamination or lack of cell growth, leaving the family without a result. In an attempt to solve these problems, we proposed another study (from 2006 to 2008) to check the application of molecular techniques such as MLPA and QF-PCR in different malformed fetal materials (manuscript 2). Still, when the collection of traditional materials such as amniotic fluid, blood cord or chorionic villus biopsy were impossible to collect because of morphological problems on the malformed fetus, other alternative materials such as urine or intraperitoneal fluid were collected in an attempt to test these materials as a manner to reach the cytogenetic diagnosis. Our cytogenetics findings were similar to the literature, being trisomy 21 the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities. On the other hand, we did not find any recurrent case of this syndrome, so the indication for doing the exam, as having a previous child with Down syndrome, stayed as a weak indication that comes after others priorities, like pregnancies with greater risks. When we tried to introduce the MLPA technique, we did not achieve satisfactory results, probably because the samples were not suitable for good quality of DNA extraction. We then applied QF-PCR, and obtained 30 results (some partials) from 50 samples collected. The karyotype results of 13 samples from additional materials, not commonly used elsewhere, achieved 100% of success. With all these alternatives techniques, the chance to achieve a diagnosis was much higher, reducing the anxiety of the couple and helping the family to make decisions for futures pregnancies.
Loureiro, Marisa Dias Rolan. "Infecção pelo Treponema pallidum em gestantes e sua transmissão vertical, Mato Grosso do Sul." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13045.
Full textSubmitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-04-29T16:14:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_MarisaDiasRolanLoureiro.pdf: 869825 bytes, checksum: 99885ccc3edb70b7843a3e1aee446b7e (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-05-08T14:30:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_MarisaDiasRolanLoureiro.pdf: 869825 bytes, checksum: 99885ccc3edb70b7843a3e1aee446b7e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T14:30:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_MarisaDiasRolanLoureiro.pdf: 869825 bytes, checksum: 99885ccc3edb70b7843a3e1aee446b7e (MD5)
Introdução: A transmissão vertical da sífilis permanece como um desafio de saúde pública que necessita ser enfrentado pelas políticas de saúde do Brasil, configurando-se como um dos indicadores mais sensíveis para avaliar a qualidade de serviços de saúde, especialmente a qualidade da assistência no pré-natal. A sífilis constitui um evento-sentinela na vigilância epidemiológica de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Objetivo: Conhecer a frequência da infecção por Treponema pallidum em gestações e sua transmissão vertical em Mato Grosso do Sul de 2003 a 2008. Método: Estudo transversal, utilizando resultados de triagem laboratorial referentes a 228 196 gestações pela técnica ELISA recombinante por eluição e dados de 500 casos de sífilis congênita notificados ao SINAN. Resultados: Foram detectados 5 043 resultados positivos para sífilis em gestações, correspondendo a uma frequência de 2,2% (2,1-2,3%, IC 95%). No período estudado, a triagem pré-natal para detecção da doença alcançou a média de 95,42% das gestações registradas em Mato Grosso do Sul. A microrregião de Ponta Porã apresentou a maior frequência do estado (5,42%), seguida pelas microrregiões de Corumbá (3,34%), Naviraí (2,63%) e Jardim (2,60%). A menor frequência foi a da microrregião de Nova Andradina (0,89%). O município de Amambaí liderou no número de casos confirmados de sífilis gestacional (10,94%), seguido por Japorã (6,13%), Coronel Sapucaia (5,90%), Paranhos (4,93%), Iguatemi (4,64%), Ladário (4,34%), Ponta Porã (4,28%) e Antônio João (4,18%). Quanto à idade gestacional, 42,3% das participantes foram triadas no primeiro trimestre, 45,2% no segundo e 12,5% no terceiro. Por ocasião da gestação, a maioria (83,5%) das mulheres estava na faixa etária 21 a 40 anos. A incidência de sífilis congênita no estado foi de 2,08 por 100 000 nascidos vivos, destacando-se com 6,9 por 100 000 a microrregião de Ponta Porã. Conclusão: As microrregiões com maior frequência de sífilis em gestantes e de sífilis congênita estão localizadas em zonas de fronteira, pólos indígenas e áreas de grande movimento turístico. Embora o índice de cobertura para o diagnóstico de sífilis na gestação esteja próximo de 100% no estado, ele não é suficiente para garantir a melhoria da qualidade da atenção à gestante portadora dessa doença. É recomendado que os gestores das três esferas de direção do Sistema Único de Saúde estabeleçam uma rede de atenção que garanta o acesso de gestantes, parturientes, parceiros sexuais e recém-nascidos ao diagnóstico, controle e manejo da infecção por Treponema pallidum. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Background: Vertical transmission of syphilis, a public health issue that still challenges health policies in Brazil, is one of the most sensitive indicators of the quality of healthcare services, particularly in prenatal care. Syphilis is a sentinel event in the epidemiological surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases. Objective: To investigate the frequency of infection with Treponema pallidum in pregnancy and its vertical transmission in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the period 2003-2008. Method: This cross-sectional study was based on results of laboratory screening tests (elution-based recombinant ELISA) performed on 228 196 pregnancies and 500 cases of congenital syphilis reported to the Brazilian Information System of Notifiable Hazards (SINAN). Results: A total of 5043 syphilis-positive results were identified among the pregnancies, accounting for a frequency of 2.2% (2.1-2.3%, CI 95%). In the study period, prenatal screening for syphilis was performed for an average of 95.42% of the pregnancies recorded in Mato Grosso do Sul. Ponta Porã was the microregion with the highest frequency in the state (5.42%), followed by the microregions of Corumbá (3.34%), Naviraí (2.63%), and Jardim (2.60%). The lowest frequency (0.89%) was found for the Nova Andradina microregion. Of the counties in the state, Amambaí led in the number of confirmed cases of syphilis in pregnancy (10.94%), followed by Japorã (6.13%), Coronel Sapucaia (5.90%), Paranhos (4.93%), Iguatemi (4.64%), Ladário (4.34%), Ponta Porã (4.28%), and Antônio João (4.18%). Screening was carried out in the first trimester of pregnancy in 42.3% of the subjects, in the second trimester in 45.2%, and in the third in 12.5%. Maternal age at the time of pregnancy was predominantly (83.5%) in the 21- to 40-year age range. An incidence of congenital syphilis of 2.08 per 100 000 live births was found for the state, with the Ponta Porã microregion leading this rate, at 6.9 per 100 000. Conclusion: In Mato Grosso do Sul, the microregions with the highest frequency of syphilis in pregnancy and congenital syphilis are located in border regions, areas having predominantly indigenous population, and zones of intense tourism activity. Although the coverage rate for diagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy is now at nearly 100% in the state, it has not been sufficient to ensure improvements in the quality of healthcare to pregnant women infected with this disease. Managers of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System (SUS), at its three spheres of administration, should set up a healthcare network capable of ensuring the access of pregnant women, parturients, sexual partners, and newborns to the diagnosis, control, and management of infection with Treponema pallidum.
Ramos, Carla Bicudo. ""Ventriculomegalia cerebral fetal isolada: correlação do diâmetro do átrio com o prognóstico pós-natal"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-31052006-151503/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to correlate the severity of the isolated fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly with the postnatal neurological development. Thirty-six fetuses with ultrasonographic cerebral ventriculomelagy diagnostic were attended and neurological development at the 0 to 26 life months. The definition of according to the ventricular atrium measurements: mild 10 to 15 mm and severe over 15 mm ventriculolomegaly. There cases severe ventriculomegaly (n = 19) the postnatal mortality.6 and 3 neurological development severe. The group with mild ventriculomegaly (n = 16) the neurological development evaluation 3 was light alterations
Kiyohara, Marina Yamamoto. "Onfalocele fetal: associação das relações entre o tamanho da onfalocele e circunferência cefálica e abdominal, com morbidade e mortalidade pós-natal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-26032013-105815/.
Full textObjective: To examine the association of omphalocele size to fetal biometry parameters ratio with postnatal mortality and morbidity. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 48 singleton pregnancies with ultrasound diagnosis of fetal onfalocele with normal karyotype and no severe malformations associated. Fetal omphalocele mean diameter acquired in the first ultrasound examination was estimated. Omphalocele diameter to head circumference (OD/HC) and abdominal circumference (OD/AC) ratio was correlated to postnatal death, need for intubation in the first day of life, time of mechanical ventilation, two step surgery or use of mesh, reoperation, parenteral feeding, time to first oral feeding, first hospital discharge. Results: Although not significantly, OD/AC ratio decreases with gestational age and OD/HC ratio increases with gestational age. OD/AC ratio 0.263 presents the best performance to predict postnatal death with sensitivity (S) of 72.7%, especificity (E) of 75.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 47.1% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90.3%. An improvement in the prediction of postnatal death was observed when analyzed OD/AC ratio 0.263 in gestational ages below 31 weeks with S = 100%, ES = 78.6%, PPV = 57.1% and NPV = 100%. A positive correlation between OD/AC ratio 0.263 and need for intubation in the first day of life, two step surgery or use of mesh and time to first oral feeding was observed. Conclusion: In isolated fetal omphalocele, or associated to minor malformation, OD/AC ratio 0.263 was the best biometric parameter to predict postnatal mortality and morbidity
Calás, Jorge Eduardo de Souza. "Sífilis gestacional em municípios selecionados da região Metropolitana I do estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011 a 2013." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/13477.
Full textA sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível, considerada um problema de saúde pública e que ao acometer a gestação, o seu agente etiológico atravessa a barreira placentária, trazendo graves consequências ao feto. O estudo propôs realizar uma análise sobre sífilis em gestantes nos municípios, que pertencem a Baixada Fluminense e integram a região metropolitana I do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2011 a 2013.Também do atendimento prestado às pacientes com sífilis gestacional, no período de2013, no serviço de pré-natal do Hospital da Mãe, tendo como referência as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde. A população do estudo foi representada por todas as gestantes residentes nos municípios selecionados da Região Metropolitana I do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com diagnóstico e notificação de sífilis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e, das gestantes com diagnóstico de sífilis gestacional, atendidas no serviço de pré-natal do Hospital Estadual da Mãe Mesquita. (...) Observa-se a importância de realização de programas de capacitação aos profissionais de saúde envolvidos na assistência materno infantil, com a finalidade de melhorar as informações, para fins de vigilância epidemiológica, bem como qualificar a assistência pré-natal, propiciando um tratamento adequado às gestantes com diagnóstico de sífilis.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, considered a public health problem and that affect pregnancy, its etiologic agent crosses the placental barrier, bringing serious consequences to the fetus. The study proposed to perform an analysis of syphilis inpregnant women in the municipalities that belong to Baixada Fluminense and integrates the metropolitan region I of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in the period from 2011 to 2013.In addition, the service provided to patients with syphilis, gestational period of 2013, prenatal service Mother Hospital, with reference to the guidelines of the Ministry ofHealth. The population of the study was represented by all pregnant women residing in selected municipalities of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro State, with diagnosisand reporting of syphilis in the information system of reportable diseases (SINAN) andof pregnant women with a diagnosis of gestational syphilis, met in the prenatal State Hospital service of mother Mesquita. (...) Noted the importance ofconducting training programs for health professionals involved in childcare, in order to improve the information, for purposes of epidemiological surveillance, as well as qualify the prenatal assistance, providing appropriate treatment to pregnant women with a diagnosis of syphilis. (AU)^ien
Graça, Gonçalo Miguel Gomes. "Metabonomics of human amniotic fluid for prenatal diagnostics." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10635.
Full textO trabalho apresentado nesta tese teve como principais objectivos contribuir para o conhecimento da composição do líquido amniótico humano (LA), colhido no 2º trimestre de gravidez, assim como investigar possíveis alterações na sua composição devido à ocorrência de patologias pré-natais, recorrendo à metabonómica e procurando, assim, definir novos biomarcadores de doenças da grávida e do feto. Após uma introdução descrevendo o estado da arte relacionado com este trabalho (Capítulo 1) e os princípios das metodologias analíticas usadas (Capítulo 2), seguida de uma descrição dos aspectos experimentais associados a esta tese (Capítulo 3), apresentam-se os resultados da caracterização da composição química do LA (gravidez saudável) por espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), assim como da monitorização da sua estabilidade durante o armazenamento e após ciclos de congelamento-descongelamento (Capítulo 4). Amostras de LA armazenadas a -20°C registaram alterações significativas, tornando-se estas menos pronunciadas (mas ainda mensuráveis) a -70°C, temperatura recomendada para o armazenamento de LA. Foram também observadas alterações de composição após 1-2 ciclos de congelamento-descongelamento (a ter em conta aquando da reutilização de amostras), assim como à temperatura ambiente (indicando um período máximo de 4h para a manipulação e análise de LA). A aquisição de espectros de RMN de 1H de alta resolução e RMN acoplado (LC-NMR/MS) permitiu a detecção de 75 compostos no LA do 2º trimestre, 6 dos quais detectados pela primeira vez no LA. Experiências de difusão (DOSY) permitiram ainda a caracterização das velocidades de difusão e massas moleculares médias das proteínas mais abundantes. O Capítulo 5 descreve o estudo dos efeitos de malformações fetais (FM) e de cromossomopatias (CD) na composição do LA do 2º trimestre de gravidez. A extensão deste trabalho ao estudo dos efeitos de patologias no LA que ocorrem no 3º trimestre de gravidez é descrita no Capítulo 6, nomeadamente no que se refere ao parto pré-termo (PTD), pré-eclampsia (PE), restrição do crescimento intra-uterino (IUGR), ruptura prematura de membranas (PROM) e diabetes mellitus gestacional (GDM). Como complemento a estes estudos, realizou-se uma análise preliminar da urina materna do 2º trimestre para o estudo de FM e GDM, descrita no Capítulo 7. Para interpretação dos dados analíticos, obtidos por espectroscopia RMN de 1H, cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada a espectrometria de massa (UPLC-MS) e espectroscopia do infravermelho médio (MIR), recorreu-se à análise discriminante pelos métodos dos mínimos quadrados parciais e o método dos mínimos quadrados parciais ortogonal (PLS-DA e OPLS-DA) e à correlação espectral. Após análise por validação cruzada de Monte-Carlo (MCCV), os modelos PLS-DA de LA permitiram distinguir as FM dos controlos (sensibilidades 69-85%, especificidades 80-95%, taxas de classificação 80-90%), revelando variações metabólicas ao nível do metabolismo energético, dos metabolismos dos aminoácidos e glícidos assim como possíveis alterações ao nível do funcionamento renal. Observou-se também um grande impacto das FM no perfil metabólico da urina materna (medido por UPLC-MS), tendo no entanto sido registados modelos PLS-DA com menor sensibilidade (40-60%), provavelmente devido ao baixo número de amostras e maior variabilidade da composição da urina (relativamente ao LA). Foram sugeridos possíveis marcadores relacionados com a ocorrência de FM, incluindo lactato, glucose, leucina, valina, glutamina, glutamato, glicoproteínas e conjugados de ácido glucurónico e/ou sulfato e compostos endógenos e/ou exógenos (<1 M) (os últimos visíveis apenas na urina). No LA foram também observadas variações metabólicas devido à ocorrência de vários tipos de cromossomopatias (CD), mas de menor magnitude. Os perfis metabólicos de LA associado a pré- PTD produziram modelos que, apesar do baixo poder de previsão, sugeriram alterações precoces no funcionamento da unidade fetoplacentária, hiperglicémia e stress oxidativo. Os modelos obtidos para os grupos pré- IUGR pré- PE, pré- PROM e pré-diagnóstico GDM (LA e urina materna) registaram baixo poder de previsão, indicando o pouco impacto destas condições na composição do LA e/ou urina do 2º trimestre. Os resultados obtidos demonstram as potencialidades da análise dos perfis metabólicos do LA (e, embora com base em menos estudos, da urina materna) do 2º trimestre para o desenvolvimento de novos e complementares métodos de diagnóstico, nomeadamente para FM e PTD.
The work presented in this thesis aimed to contribute to knowledge of 2nd trimester human amniotic fluid (AF) composition and to investigate the possible metabolic effects of prenatal disorders on AF composition through metabonomics, in order to define new potential disorder biomarkers. After an introduction describing the state-of-the-art (Chapter 1), the analytical methodologies used (Chapter 2) and the description of the experimental details of the work performed (Chapter 3), the results from the chemical characterization of AF (healthy pregnancy) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are presented, as well as the results of AF stability assessment during storage and after freeze-thaw cycles (Chapter 4). AF samples stored at -20°C registered significant compositional changes, less marked (but still measurable) at -70°C, the latter temperature being then recommended for AF storage. In addition, significant compositional changes were also observed after 1-2 freeze-thaw cycles (to be considered when sample re-usage is necessary), and at room temperature (indicating a maximum period of 4h for handling and analysis of AF). High resolution 1H NMR and hyphenated NMR (LC-NMR/MS) analysis enabled the detection of 75 different compounds in 2nd trimester AF, 6 of which were detected for the first time in AF. Moreover, diffusion-edited spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments allowed the characterization of the main AF proteins in terms of diffusivity and, hence, average molecular weight. Chapter 5 describes the study of the effects of fetal malformations (FM) and chromosomal disorders (CD) on the composition of 2nd trimester AF. In Chapter 6, this approach is extended, to the effects of 3rd trimester disorders, namely preterm delivery (PTD), preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). These studies were complemented by a preliminary analysis of 2nd trimester maternal urine to study FM and GDM (Chapter 7). Interpretation of the analytical data obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy, ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) was performed through partial least squares and orthogonal partial least squares - discriminant analysis (PLS-DA and OPLS-DA) and statistical correlation spectroscopy. Monte-Carlo cross-validated (MCCV) PLS-DA models of AF revealed separation of FM cases from controls (sensitivities 69-85%, 80-95% specificities, classification rates: 80-90%), revealing disturbances in energy metabolism, amino acids and sugar metabolisms and possibly abnormal kidney function. A high impact of FM on maternal urine was also observed (by UPLC-MS), however, the models obtained were of lower sensitivity (40-60%), probably due to the low sample numbers and higher variability of urine composition (in relation to AF). Possible markers of FM were suggested including lactate, glucose, leucine, valine, glutamine, glutamate, glycoproteins and conjugation products of glucuronic acid and/or sulfate with endogenous and/or exogenous metabolites (<1 M). In addition, metabolite variations were found in AF related to the occurrence of several types of chromosomal disorders (CD), although of smaller magnitude. Second trimester AF profiling associated with pre-PTD produced models, which, despite their low predictive power, enabled the detection of metabolite variations suggestive of early fetal-placental dysfunction, hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress. The models obtained for pre-IUGR, pre-PE, pre-PROM and pre-diagnostic GDM (both AF and urine) showed low predictive power, reflecting the small impact of these disorders in 2nd trimester AF and/or urine composition. The results presented demonstrate the potential of metabolic profiling of 2nd trimester AF (and, although based on less studies, maternal urine) for the development of new complementary prenatal diagnosis methods, namely for FM and PTD.
Maia, Carolina Bastos. "Predição do resultado perinatal em gestações trigemelares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-26082014-114541/.
Full textThe present study, involving triplet pregnancies, describes perinatal mortality and investigates predictors of the following outcomes: number of children alive, no child alive (unfavorable outcome) and at least one child alive (favorable outcome) at hospital discharge. It is a retrospective study involving triplet pregnancies with live fetuses at the first ultrasound scan, performed after 11 weeks of gestation, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School Hospital, between 1998 and 2012. Final sample included 67 women, 77.6% reported spontaneous conception. Regarding the chorionicity, 49.2% were trichorionic; 16.4% had a medical complication prior to pregnancy, and 49.2% were nulliparous. The incidence of obstetric and/or clinical complications during pregnancy was 52.2%, and fetal complications occurred in 25.2%, (13.4% of major fetal abnormalities, 7.5% twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, 5.9% stillbirth, 4.5% placental insufficiency, 4.4% conjoined twins and 1.5% acardic twin). The average gestational age at delivery was 31.9 ± 3.1 weeks, and 83.5% were cesarean. The average birthweight was 1683 ± 508 g and birth weight discordance up to 20% occurred in 57% of the cases; 23,2% had 20 to 30% discordance and 19.6%, was greater than 30%. The rate of stillbirth was 31.7%o births (95%CI: 11.7 - 67.8) and the perinatal mortality was 249%o births (95%CI: 189 - 317). The average hospital stay was 29.3 ± 24.7 days amongst children that were discharged alive. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to investigate prediction according to: maternal age, parity (nuliparous/multiparous), prior clinical history, gestational age at the first ultrasound scan at HCFMUSP, pregnancy chorionicity (trichorionic/non trichorionic), occurrence of clinical and/or obstetric complications during pregnancy, occurrence of fetal complications and gestational age at delivery. Significance level was set at 0.05. The number of children alive at hospital discharge was correlated with the occurrence of fetal complications (OR 0,1, 95%IC: 0,03 - 0,36; p < 0,001) and gestational age at delivery (OR 1,55, IC95%: 1,31-1,85; p < 0,001). Whereas favorable and unfavorable outcome were associated with gestational age at delivery (OR 1.84, 95%CI: 1.26 - 2.7-; p=0,002 and OR 0.54, 95%CI: 0.37-0.79; p=0.002, respectively)
Domingues, Ana Sofia Gil. "Estudo lipidómico de plasma sanguíneo para detecção de doenças da grávida e do feto." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21176.
Full textOs lípidos desempenham funções cruciais na estrutura e sinalização dos sistemas biológicos; deste modo a caracterização do seu perfil e avaliação da sua variação em diferentes condições fisiológicas, tem vindo a suscitar interesse, resultando no surgimento da lipidómica. O presente trabalho propôs-se a executar um estudo lipidómico de plasma sanguíneo da grávida para deteção de Trissomia 21, para uma possível aplicação em clínica, como método alternativo, devido às características invasivas dos métodos atuais. Assim sendo o objetivo consistiu no estudo de alterações no perfil lipídico no plasma sanguíneo de grávidas com filhos com Trissomia 21 comparativamente a grávidas com bebes normais, nos1º e 2º Trimestres de gravidez. O perfil lipídico foi analisado usando MALDI-MS, ESI-MS e LC-MS. As amostras aplicadas em MALDI-MS e ESI-MS foram previamente extraídas por MTBE; por sua vez as amostras submetidas a LC-MS foram extraídas por SPE, obtendo-se um extrato lipídico total e de fosfolípidos, respetivamente. Os resultados de LC-MS foram analisados por análise univariada. Por MALDI-MS não foi possível comparar os resultados de controlo com patologia pela ausência de reprodutibilidade observada, Por sua vez ESI-MS demonstrou ultrapassar este ponto, permitindo ainda a identificação dos iões observados. Por LC-MS foram possíveis de observar 4 PC com alterações estatisticamente significativas, sendo elas PC(32:2); PC(34:4); PCp(36:5) e PC(36:6), de m/z 730.5; 754.6; 766.6 e 778.5, podendo tal alteração estar associada à suscetibilidade dos individuos portadores da patologia aos efeitos do stress
Lipids are crucial to the structure and signalization, therefore its fingerprint and variations in different physiological conditions have evoke an interest, culminating in the birth of lipidomics.The present study seeks to apply a lipidomic approach to detection of Trisomy 21 in blood plasma from pregnant woman, to a possible application to a prenatal setting due to the actual invasive methods. The aim of the study was to identify alterations on the blood plasma lipid fingerprint for Trisomy 21, in comparison to controls, for 1st and 2 trimesters of pregnancy. Its fingerprint was analised by MALDI-MS, ESI-MS and LC-MS. The samples applied on MALDI-MS and ESI-MS were previously extracted by MTBE, while the ones used for LC-MS were extracted by SPE, acquiring a total lipid extract and a phospholipid extract, respectively. LC-MS results were applied to univariate analysis. By MALDI-MS the comparison between controls and pathology was not possible due to the lack of reproducibility. ESI-MS allowed to surpass this point, and also identify the several ions observed. By LC-MS we were able to observe 4 PC statistically significate: PC(32:2); PC(34:4); PCp(36:5) e PC(36:6), de m/z 730.5; 754.6; 766.6 e 778.5. This alterations could be due to the susceptibility of the individuals to oxidative stress’ effects.
Garcia, Luciana de Freitas. "Gastrosquise fetal isolada: relação entre dilatação intestinal e resultados perinatais adversos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-06022012-174407/.
Full textObjectives: Evaluate bowel diameter as a predictor of adverse outcome in isolated fetal gastroschisis. Methods: Retrospective study involving 94 singleton pregnancies. Ultrasound measurements of herniated bowel transverse diameter (BTD) were performed up to 3 weeks before delivery. Adverse outcome was intrauterine/ neonatal death and/or bowel complications. Results: Last BTD was recorded at 35,6 ± 1,6 weeks and mean interval to delivery was 6,2 ± 5,0 days. Intrauterine/ neonatal death occurred in 10 (10,6%) cases; bowel complications were observed in 8 (8,5%). BTD 15, 20, 25 and 30mm were found in 87, 46, 13 and 4% of pregnancies with a favorable outcome, respectively. BTD 25 mm sensitivity was 38%, positive and negative predictive values, 38% and 87%. For BTD 30 mm, the values were: 19, 50 and 85%. Observed/expected BTD ROC curve showed an area of 0,67, with best cut-off at 1,39; prediction values were similar to those for BTD 25 mm. Bowel dilatation was also significantly associated with lower rate of primary surgical closure, longer period to full oral feeding and prolonged hospital stay. Conclusions: Bowel dilatation demonstrated up to 3 weeks before delivery is a predictor of intestinal complications and is associated with lower rate of primary surgical closure, longer period to achieve full oral feeding and hospital stay
Goulart, Vanessa Vigna. "Óbito fetal em gestações únicas com diagnóstico de trissomias dos cromossomos 21,18 13 e monossomia do X." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-26112014-090258/.
Full textObjectives: To describe the frequency, and associated factors, of intrauterine fetal death (IUD), in pregnancies with chromosomal abnormality. Methods: This was a retrospective (November 2004 to May 2012) performed at de department of obstetrics, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. Inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 (T21), 18, 13 (T13/18) and X monosomy (45X), performed up to 26 weeks gestation. Results: 92 women were included in the study with a mean maternal age of 32.7 ± 8.7 years. Fetal chromosomal abnormalities (T21 n=36, T13/T18 n=25, 45X n=31) were diagnosed at a mean gestational age of 18.3 ± 3.7 weeks, by chorionic villus sampling (n=22, 24%), amniocentesis (n=66, 72%) and cordocentesis (n=4, 4%). Major fetal structural abnormality was present in 45 (49%) cases; hydrops was diagnosed in 32 (35%) fetuses, and was more common in 45X group (n=24/31 (77%) versus T21: n=6/36 (17%) and T13/18: n=2/25 (8%), p < 0.001). Specialist fetal echocardiography was performed in 55 (60%) pregnancies and showed structural and/or functional abnormalities in 33 (60%) fetuses; ventricular septal defect was the most common finding (39%). T13/18 fetuses showed a higher incidence of cardiac abnormalities (60% versus 25% (T21) and 29% (45X), p= 0.01). IUD occurred in 55 (60%) pregnancies and was more common in 45X group (n=26/31 (84%) versus T21: n=13/36 (36%) and T13/18: n=16/25 (64%), p < 0.01). Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between hydrops and IUD in T21 pregnancies (LR= 4.29; 95%CI= 1.9-8.0, p < 0.0001). In 45X pregnancies, cardiac abnormalities were associated with a lower risk of IUD (LR= 0.56; 95%CI = 0.27-0.85, p= 0.005). No predictors of IUD were identified in T13/18 group. Conclusion: Intrauterine death rate is high in pregnancies with a fetal chromosomal abnormality. Presence of hydrops increases the risk of this complication in trisomy 21 fetuses. Whereas the presence of a cardiac abnormality is protective in X monosomy pregnancies
Carvalho, Sandra Regina Marques. "Ecocardiografia fetal no primeiro trimestre da gestação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-26022007-084012/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of performing a complete echocardiography study during the first trimester of pregnancy by transvaginal approach and to establish the best week to accomplish a complete evaluation. A correlation between the measurements of the diameters of the cardiac valves and the gestational age along this period of the fetal life was made. Forty-six fetuses with normal nuchal translucency and Doppler evaluation of the venous duct were submitted to fetal echocardiography studies by transvaginal approach between the 11 and 14 weeks of gestation with a week interval. The following measurements were obtained: mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valves diameters and the crown-rump length (CRL). The obtained results of the cardiac dimensions were compared with the CRL in the four weeks determinations. The rates of complete echocardiography evaluation were 37%, 85% and 100% at 11, 12 and 13 14 weeks, respectively. The longitudinal view was the easiest to obtain (100% at 12 weeks) and the short view was the most difficult one. There was no statistically significant difference between neither the diameters of the mitral and tricuspid nor the aortic and pulmonary valves. The diameters of the valves were correlated with the CRL and a linear growing curve was obtained with values of r2 of 0.74, 0.75, 0.77 and 0.73 respectively. The study demonstrated the feasibility of a complete fetal echocardiography evaluation by transvaginal approach during the first trimester of gestation. The rate of a complete evaluation increased along the period and reached 100% at 13 weeks. The longitudinal view was the easiest to obtain with a success rate of 100% at 12 week. There was a linear correlation between de cardiac valves diameters and the cranial caudal measurement revealing a relationship between the cardiac and fetal development during this phase of fetal life. The absence of statistically significant difference between the left and right valves dimensions possibly means that there is no predominance of right or left chambers during this period of evaluation.