Academic literature on the topic 'Diagnostika laterality'

Viene analizzato il ruolo della neuroradiologia nello studio del deterioramento mentale ed inoltre vengono descritti i quadri TC in alcune malattie degenerative encefaliche. L'invecchiamento cerebrale si accompagna alla TC a dilatazione progressiva del III ventricolo e di quelli laterali ed, in minor modo, ad allargamento dei solchi corticali e della parte anteriore della scissura di Silvio. Appare inoltre diminuito il coefficiente di attenuazione della sostanza bianca. Col progredire dell'età si ha cioè un quadro TC di atrofia prevalentemente sottocorticale che è via via più evidente dai 50–60 anni in poi. Tale atrofia «fisiologica» può essere difficilmente differenziabile da quella patologica. Infatti, le demenze sono caratterizzate, almeno nelle fasi iniziali, da quadri TC ed RM del tutto sovrapponibili a quelli che si hanno nel normale processo d'invecchiamento. Per tentare di risolvere questo problema vari autori si sono cimentati nella ricerca di metodiche di misurazione e si sono impegnati nel definire il range di normalità délle dimensioni cerebrali. Le misurazioni attualmente usate sono divisibili in lineari, planimetriche, volumetriche e densitometriche. Quelle volumetriche appaiono oggi preferibili rispetto agli altri tipi in quanto sono tridimensionali e quindi più veritiere. Esse abbisognano però di particolari programmi di calcolo computerizzati non sempre disponibili. Per alcuni autori l'utilità délle misurazioni di atrofia cerebrale appare indubbia e necessaria nel tentare di distinguere la normalità dalla patologia. Per evitare falsi negativi è comunque consigliata la ripetizione dell'esame dopo un intervallo relativamente breve di tempo. Infatti, in caso di atrofia patologica vi sarà un'accentuazione délle dimensioni ventricolari nettamente maggiore rispetto a quella che ci si aspetterebbe in un soggetto sano délla stessa età in cui le variazioni, nello stesso periodo, sono nulle o minime. Altri autori negano invece un'effettiva utilità nel misurare l'atrofia cerebrale. Infatti, si è riscontrata sovrapposizione compléta o quasi fra la definizione soggettiva ( «ad occhio») di atrofia cerebrale patologica e quella obiettiva conseguente a tecniche sofisticate di misurazione delle dimensioni delle varie componenti cerebrali. Inoltre, alcuni sostengono che la diagnosi di demenza deve essere sempre e comunque clinica e che le indagini neuroradiologiche possono essere solo un ausilio. Infatti, le correlazioni fra atrofia cerebrale e misurazioni psicometriche sono, nei vari studi, deboli o del tutto inesistenti. A questo proposito vi sono esempi di pazienti affetti da demenza che presentano alla TC sistema ventricolare e solchi di dimensioni normali ed esempi di persone normali con ventricoli e solchi dilatati.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of short gastrocnemius in orthopaedic patients treated in the emergency room and the foot and ankle outpatient clinic of a public hospital and to evaluate the relationship between prevalence and certain specific symptoms. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire completed by patients treated in February 2018. Results: Of the 160 patients studied, 21 (13.1%) had a diagnosis of shortening of the gastrocnemius. The condition was more prevalent in females than in males, with no differences in race, age, laterality or occupation. The most commonly associated symptoms were calf pain, back pain, equinism and metatarsalgia, which were all present in more than 2/3 of cases. Conclusion: Shortening of the gastrocnemius is a fairly common pathology that deserves greater attention in orthopaedic practice. Additional studies are needed to better correlate epidemiological findings with this pathology. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostics Studies.

Wave disturbances to baroclinic flows produce cyclones in the atmosphere and eddies in the oceans and have been extensively studied in laboratory experiments with differentially heated annuli of rotating fluid. Related analytical studies have concentrated mainly on the development of slowly growing waves on laterally uniform zonal flows. Neutral inviscid waves on such flows do not advect their own potential vorticity field whereas neutral waves on most laterally sheared baroclinic flows do. Scaling arguments suggest that on these laterally sheared flows the harmonics generated by the neutral waves play the dominant role in arresting the initial growth of weakly unstable waves. The arrest of a wave is chiefly accomplished by fully nonlinear advection within a critical layer centred on the wave's steering level whose depth is proportional to the wave's amplitude. Explicit numerical solutions illustrating these points are presented for a case in which the critical level is non-singular and the inviscid calculations comparatively straightforward. The stability of the solutions and the effects of diffusive fluxes on them are discussed. Potential vorticity diagnostics for a numerical simulation of a wave flow in a rotating annulus near the axisymmetric transition show that distortion of the wave's potential vorticity field is mainly confined to the vicinity of the steering level. Assumptions and approximations made in the explicit calculations which are of doubtful validity for this flow are highlighted.

Background: Secondary tumors of the ovary (STOs) account for 10–25% of all ovarian malignancies, including metastases from primary gynecological tumors. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been recognized as one of the most common causes of STOs in Western countries. Despite it being well-known that CRC originating from the right versus left side of the colon/rectum differ substantially, there is a paucity of information regarding the effect of the primary tumor sidedness on the clinicopathological characteristics of STOs. Methods: This retrospective, observational chart review study included patients with histologically confirmed STOs of CRC origin diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2019. The clinicopathological characteristics of STOs originating from left-sided and right-sided CRC were compared. Univariable and multivariable analyses employing elastic net Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate potential prognostic factors. Further, the role of imaging methods in STOs diagnostics was evaluated. Results: Fifty-one patients with STOs of colorectal origin were identified. The primary tumor originated in the right and left colon/rectum in 39% and 61% of the cases, respectively. STOs originating from right-sided primary tumors were more frequently bilateral, associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis, had the ovarian surface affected by the tumor, and contained a mucinous component. The independent prognostic factors for overall survival in the whole cohort included: the presence of macroscopic residual disease after cytoreductive surgery, menopausal status, the application of systemic therapy, and the application of targeted therapy. In 54% of cases, the imaging methods failed to determine the laterality of the STOs correctly as compared to pathological reports and/or intraoperative findings. Conclusion: STOs originating from left-sided and right-sided CRC show distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Moreover, different metastatic pathways might be employed according to the primary tumor sidedness. Considering the discrepancies between radiological assessment and histopathological findings regarding the laterality of STOs, bilateral adnexectomy should be advised whenever feasible.

I prelievi venosi dai seni petrosi inferiori sono utilizzati nella diagnostica differenziale della sindrome di Cushing per dimostrare l'origine ipofisaria o ectopica dell'ipersecrezione di ACTH. Il drenaggio venoso dell'adenoipofisi avviene attraverso due plessi venosi, il destro ed il sinistro, che coprono la superficie della ghiandola e scaricano nel seno cavernoso omolaterale, direttamente o attraverso i seni intercavernosi. I seni petrosi inferiori rappresentano le principali vie di deflusso dei seni cavernosi; essi sono cateterizzabili con relativa facilità, allo scopo di eseguire prelievi peril dosaggio degli ormoni ipofisari. La nostra tecnica prevede il cateterismo per via transfemorale; utilizziamo cateteri da 4 o 5 French, retti, con estremo distale ricurvo a 45°, senza fori laterali. Sono indispensabili accurati controlli flebografici per dimostrare l'esatta posizione dei cateteri prima dell'esecuzione dei prelievi. In letteratura viene riportata un'alta accuratezza diagnostica dei prelievi dai seni petrosi nella diagnosi differenziale tra malattia di Cushing e sindrome da ACTH ectopico, mentre assai minore è la specificità di una corretta localizzazione delle lesioni ipofisarie. Riteniamo che gli errori di lateralizzazione possano essere so1tanto ridotti, ma non eliminati da una corretta esecuzione dell'indagine: infatti dipendono da variabilità anatomiche, dalla sede dell'adenoma e, verosimilmente, da asimmetrie di flusso attraverso le vene di drenaggio ipofisario.

The purpose of this case report was to describe the surgical correction of a cholecystocutaneous fistula in a dog. A 6 yr old vizsla presented with a 2 mo history of a chronic draining wound on the right ventral thorax. Diagnostics revealed numerous fistulous tracts opening at a single site on the right ventrolateral chest wall, extending caudodorsally through the chest wall and diaphragm to the region of the right medial liver lobe. Exploratory laparotomy revealed the apex of the gallbladder adhered to the diaphragm with a tract of fibrous tissue extending along the diaphragm laterally to the right thoracic wall. Cholecystectomy was performed. The fistulous tract was incised to expose the lumen of the fistula, and the fistula was omentalized. Twenty-eight months after surgery, the dog had had no recurrence of the fistulous tract. Exploratory laparotomy allowed excellent visualization of the intra-abdominal path of the fistula and facilitated the ease of resection of the source. Cholecystectomy resulted in rapid and complete resolution of the fistula without the need for excision of the fistula. Although rare, gallbladder disease should be a differential for chronic fistulous tracts.

Introdução: alguns pacientes com zumbido podem apresentar pontosgatilho miofasciais, principalmente na musculatura mastigatória e cervical. No entanto, este tema é pouco abordado na literatura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a associação entre (1) zumbido e pontos-gatilho, (2) a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontosgatilho, além de (3) verificar a capacidade de o ponto-gatilho modular o zumbido. Métodos: neste estudo caso-controle foram avaliados 94 pacientes com zumbido e 94 assintomáticos, pareados por sexo e idade, sem queixa de dor generalizada ou mioclonia. Todos foram submetidos, pelo mesmo investigador, a um protocolo de avaliação e à pressão digital para pesquisa de pontos-gatilho em 9 músculos bilateralmente: infra-espinal, levantador da escápula, trapézio, esplênio da cabeça, escaleno, esternocleidomastóideo, digástrico, masseter e temporal. A intensidade do zumbido foi avaliada por uma escala numérica de 0 a 10, considerando-se como modulação o aumento ou diminuição imediata de pelo menos um ponto na escala e/ou mudança no tipo de som. Os exames foram executados em local silencioso para facilitar a percepção da modulação do zumbido. Resultados: os pontos-gatilho estavam presentes em 72,3% dos pacientes com zumbido (OR= 4,87; p< 0,001) e 55,9% deles relataram modulação do sintoma durante a pressão digital nos pontos-gatilho ativos e latentes, em pelo menos um músculo, principalmente no masseter, esplênio da cabeça, esternocleidomastóideo e temporal. A modulação do zumbido pelo ponto-gatilho examinado foi predominantemente ipsilateral em 6 dos 9 músculos avaliados. Houve correlação de lateralidade entre a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontos-gatilho em 56,5% dos casos (Kappa= 0,29; p< 0,001). Houve diferença significante quanto à presença de queixa prévia de dor na comparação dos pacientes com zumbido que modularam com aqueles que não modularam (p< 0,008). Conclusões: a presença significante dos pontos-gatilho em pacientes com zumbido associada à freqüente modulação do sintoma durante sua palpação, além da sua presença em maior número no lado da orelha com pior zumbido, sugere que os pontos-gatilho sejam um fator etiológico ou coadjuvante do zumbido.
Introduction: some patients suffering from tinnitus may present myofascial trigger points, mainly in head and neck muscles. However, this issue is poorly explored in the literature. The objectives of this study were to investigate an association between (1) tinnitus and trigger points, (2) the ear with the worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points, (3) presence of trigger points and their capacity of modulating tinnitus. Methods: in this case control study 94 subjects with tinnitus, and 94 without such symptom were analyzed, matched by age and gender, excluding those with widespread musculoskeletal pain or myoclonus. All of them underwent an evaluation protocol and digital pressure in order to search for trigger points in 9 bilateral muscles: infraspinatus, levator scapulae, trapezius, splenius capitis, scalenus, sternocleidomastoid, digastric, masseter and temporalis. The intensity of tinnitus was evaluated with a scale ranging from 0 to 10, and modulation was considered present in cases of immediate increase or decrease of at least one point in the scale and/or changes in the type of sound. The exams took place in a silent environment, so as to make it easier for tinnitus\' modulation to be perceived. Results: the presence of trigger points was observed in 72.3% of tinnitus patients (OR= 4.87; p< 0,001). Among them, 55.9% reported tinnitus modulation during digital pressure in both active and latent trigger points, in at least one muscle, mainly in masseter, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid and temporalis muscles. The rate of tinnitus modulation was significantly higher at the same side of the trigger point subject to examination in 6 out of 9 muscles. There was an association of laterality between the ear with worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points in 56.5% of the cases (Kappa value = 0.29; p< 0.001). There was a significant difference related to the presence of previous pain complaint when patients with tinnitus that modulated were compared to patients with tinnitus that did not modulate (p< 0.008). Conclusions: significant presence of trigger points in tinnitus patients, associated to frequent modulation of this symptom during palpation, besides the presence of more trigger points in the side of the ear with the worst tinnitus, suggests that trigger points are an etiologic factor or adjuvant in tinnitus onset.

The diploma work is engaged in specific problems of laterality at the age of younger pupilage children. It´s divided into to three parts - theoretical, practical and appendixes. Theoretical part deals with the laterality in relation to matureness of personality, historical context in society, diagnostic of laterality and its types. This work also inquires into influence of laterality on school successfulness. The diploma work contains the suggestion of possibility pupils work with several types of laterality in school use. The object of research in practical part of this work was to find out number of dexterous children and left-handed children and ambidexters in population of infant at school on the subject of laterality and its definition. The method of laterality test and observation were used to results processing. It was supplemented with questionnaire which was aimed to anamnesis data. The results of laterality tests are presented in the graphs. The conclusions of each part of research was analyzed from questionnaire results and also from results of laterality tests. Last part of diploma work, appendicces, contains working materials connected with laterality determination and proposals of grapho-motorical lists for dexterous and left-handed pupils with possibility of grapho-motorical difficulties.

The aim of this study is to contribute to the standardization of the new diagnostic tools assessing the motor manifestations of laterality in adults and children aged 8 to 10 years, both in terms of determining the theoretical concept and the selection of appropriate items, and the verification of structural hypotheses concerning the design of acceptable models, including the diagnostic quality of individual parts of the test battery. Moreover in this study we try to suggest new approach in assessing of motor laterality manifestation by means of relationship between cerebellar dominance and hand performance. The first part of this thesis deals with the concept of laterality, its manifestations and meaning in non-living systems and living organisms. As a human characteristic, laterality is manifested in a variety of functional and structural asymmetries. This part also discusses ways of diagnosing motor manifestations of laterality and the issue of cerebellar dominance, including its reflection in the form of asymmetry of the extinction physiological syndrome of upper limbs. The second part focuses on the process of the standardization study, the statistical method of structural equation modelling, and the actual design of test battery construction. The last part of this thesis presents the results...

The thesis follows the development of the methodology of left-handers's writing, teacher's usage of the knowledge of methodology in a practice, researching the materials aimed in left- handness dedicated to teachers and parents, describing statements and opinions of the concrete primary teachers on left-hander's methodology. The thesis consists of the theoretical part and the empiric part. In the therotical part there are defined terms laterality and dominance, the development of the methodology of left-hander's writing since the year 1967 when this type of writing was legalised in the Czech Republic. The possibilities of getting information about the problematic of left-handness are summed, including books and trainings for primary school teachers. Finally, available equipment for left-handers is introduced. The research combines two methods - questionnaire and interview. The quantitative research is supposed to come up with the concrete percentage of left-handed pupils and with the general knowledge of teachers connected with methodology of left-hander's writing. The qualitative research was made by the form of interiewing teachers and Ivo Vodička. The aim of the thesis is to find out the way how to train teachers effectively based on researched information. KEYWORDS laterality, diagnostics of...

Multifocal, multicentric, and bilateral breast tumours are either benign, precursor lesions or malignant neoplasms.A multidisciplinary review of these entities can offer clinicians a practical guidance for diagnostic and treatment procedures. Multiple synchronous (multifocal or multicentric) ipsilateral breast cancers (MSIBC) with heterogeneous histopathology require particular attention, since MSIBC tends toward more aggressive biology and higher rates of nodal positivity. Being independent of laterality, domination of the invasive carcinoma was observed in the bilateral and multifocal disease type. The TNM staging system for breast cancer does not include multifocality and multiplicity. Only the tumour with the largest diameter is considered for the pT category, neglecting the secondary foci which can make the treatment decision more difficult. MSIBC has a similar prognosis to unifocal cancers, but sometimes they might be negative prognostic parameters. Likewise, in comparison with unifocal breast cancer, MSIBC presents a different genetic pathway.

The thyroid gland, which is the largest endocrine organ, secretes primarily thyroid hormones that play a critical role in the normal growth and development of the maturing human. In the adult, thyroid hormones maintain metabolic stability by regulating oxygen requirements, body weight, and intermediary metabolism. Thyroid function is under hypothalamic-pituitary control, and thus, like the gonads and adrenal cortex, it serves as a classical model of endocrine physiology. In addition, the physiological effects of thyroid hormones are regulated by complex extrathyroidal mechanisms resulting from the peripheral metabolism of the hormones, mechanisms that are not under hypothalamic-pituitary regulation. Thyroid function abnormalities are very prevalent, especially in females and in certain geographic areas, and are often a result of autoimmunity or iodine deficiency. The thyroid originates from two distinct parts of the embryonic endoderm: • The follicular structures arise from a midline thickening of the anterior pharyngeal floor (the base of the tongue), adjacent to the differentiating heart. This thyroid diverticulum first expands ventrally while still attached to the pharyngeal floor by its stalk (thyroglossal duct), and then expands laterally, leading to the characteristic bilobed structure. As the developing heart descends, the thyroid gets pulled into its final position, a process that leads to the rapid stretch and degeneration of the thyroglossal duct. • The parafollicular cells are derived from the ultimobranchial bodies (originating from the neural crest) but ultimately are surrounded by the medial thyroid. The parafollicular cells represents <10 % of the adult thyroid gland. The thyroid completes its structural development by 9 weeks of gestation, the first endocrine organ to assume its definitive form during organogenesis; yet full functional maturation and integration with the hypothalamic-pituitary axis continues throughout gestation. Abnormal thyroid development can lead to persistence of the thyroglossal duct, presence of ectopic thyroid tissue (lingual thyroid, lateral aberrant thyroid), and malposition (thoracic goiter), all of which can remain clinically silent or present later in life as diagnostic challenges. The shape of the human thyroid resembles that of a butterfly.

Abstract Conventional DC plasma torch designs lead to a circular cross-section of the emanating plasma jet. Consequently in surface treatment applications the plasma jet hits the substrate within a limited circular working area. Large scale workpieces therefore have to be scanned resulting in a time-consuming procedure. The innovative DC plasma torch system LARGE is characterized by the arrangement of the anode and the cathode opposite to each other on a common axis with a variable distance. The central body of the torch between the electrodes is divided into electrically insulated cascade plates. The plasma gas is injected perpendicular to the torch axis. Passing through the arc, the gas is transferred to the plasma state and leaves the torch laterally through a slit as a plasma jet with extended stripe width. The plasma torch LARGE is investigated by electrical, optical and enthalpy probe diagnostics. Shrouding the electrodes with an inert gas and feeding reactive gas mixtures as main plasma gas allow the torch to be used for plasma chemical reactions, too. Preliminary applications focus on preheating, surface modification of paper and plastic materials as well as on sterilization of nutrition packaging. The capability of plasma enhanced CVD is examined experimentally.

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) is an industrially-important and widely used amorphous thermoplastic on which billions of dollars are spent annually in USA. Its applications cover impact-mitigation, infrastructural and laboratory piping systems, sports goods, musical instruments, automotive trim components and bumper bars, medical devices, enclosures, protective headgear, marine craft, luggage, domestic appliances, toys, consumer goods, edgings for industrial goods, etc. Its use to contain impact damage is primary; hence continued research in this area is warranted. The novelty and contribution of this work lies in its employment of more deeply insightful parameters and methods of characterization in acoustic emission and ultrasonics, as well as advanced optical microstructural characterization with sophisticated instrumentation, on one hand, and the wider correlations and conclusions now made possible by these means. In the work which this paper reports, the impact response behavior of ABS material under various levels of impact energy was investigated using results obtained from the mechanical test, and parameters obtained from non-destructive test methods such as Acoustic Emission (AE), Ultrasonics, and Optical Inspection. The ABS plates were impacted by a hemispherical steel projectile in a drop-weight impact tester. Two AE sensors were placed on the surfaces of ABS plates during the impact tests. After the impact tests were completed, ultrasonic C-Scan investigation of the damaged areas was also carried out, and sections were inspected under the microscope. Correlations between damage areas and various parameters of the non-destructive diagnostic test methods utilized were explored. ABS is one of the most highly impact-resistant materials utilized in industry. Its characterization under impact is therefore very important, in order to devise ways of enhancing properties that would make the material or structures made from it, better in service. In this work, plate samples of rectangular shape were subjected to central impacts from a spherical impactor released from various heights. It is of interest to know how the impact propagates through the plate thickness, and how the microstructure is affected from point to point, both laterally and depth-wise. The issues of energy transfer and dissipation are significant in terms of the effectiveness of the material as an impact deadener. Three non-destructive methods are utilized in this work for comprehensiveness and effectiveness. The AE approach is broadly divisible into two — classical, and transient. The former has dozens of descriptive parameters per each of the three dimensions, while the latter, which is based on the waveform and its several possible transforms, adds even many more possibilities. Thus, characterization in AE is particularly rich, and, when a sufficient number of appropriate parameters are utilized, has a very high probability of correctly depicting what is really going on in the material or structure under inspection. The ultrasonic scan reveals in color-code the variation of the material homogeneity throughout the scanned space, which, in each case, covered the whole plate. This normally provides a good picture of damage and its intensity variation in the test piece. The microstructure of selected parts of the test pieces before and after impact was inspected with a violet laser microscope. In this instrument, reflecting light from the white light source is detected with a color CCD camera. This camera obtains color information at the peak (focal point) detected with the laser light source on a pixel basis, thus enabling a real color examination, which SEMs cannot do. This instrument also uses a pin hole confocal optical system which enables high accuracy measurement and high definition examination by eliminating reflecting light from points other than the peak. The results obtained showed clear relationships between energy and geometrical and material metrics of damage through the damage zone and shed more light on possible pathways to the desired enhancement of impact resistance in this case.