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Journal articles on the topic 'Diagramme de phase ternaire'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Chbani, Noura, Anne-Marie Loireau-Lozac'h, Jacques Rivet, and Jérôme Dugué. "Système pseudo-ternaire Ag2S-Ga2S3-GeS2: Diagramme de phases—Domaine vitreux." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 117, no. 1 (June 1995): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1995.1262.

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2

Mouani, D., C. Souleau, and B. Legendre. "Étude du diagramme d’équilibre entre phases du système ternaire or-germanium-étain." Journal de Chimie Physique 89 (1992): 2107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1992892107.

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3

Baldé, L., B. Legendre, and A. Balkhi. "Etude du diagramme d'équilibre entre phases du système ternaire germanium-étain-tellure." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216, no. 2 (January 1995): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)01297-u.

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4

Atbir, A., M. El Hadek, and R. Cohen-Adad. "Diagramme de phases du système ternaire KCl-FeCl3-H2O. Isothermes 15 et 30 °C." Le Journal de Physique IV 11, PR10 (December 2001): Pr10–187—Pr10–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20011028.

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5

Sabbar, A., A. Zrineh, M. Gambino, and J. P. Bros. "Contribution à l’étude du diagramme d’équilibre des phases du système ternaire indium–etain–zinc." Thermochimica Acta 369, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(00)00745-0.

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6

Guérin, R., A. Guivarc'h, Y. Ballini, and M. Secoué. "Métallurgie du système Rh-Ga-As : détermination du diagramme ternaire et interdiffusion en phase solide dans le contact Rh/GaAs." Revue de Physique Appliquée 25, no. 5 (1990): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:01990002505041100.

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7

Laalam, Latifa, Mohamed Kadddami, Smail El Allali, Lahcen Missali, Richard Tenu, Jacques Berthet, and Jean-Jacques Counioux. "Diagramme de phases du système ternaire H2O Al(NO3)3 Zn(NO3)2 entre -25 et 40°C." Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux 29, no. 4 (July 31, 2004): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/acsm.29.4.133-142.

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8

Ecrepont, C., M. Guittard, S. Barnier, A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h, M. Palazzi, C. Julien, and M. Massot. "Etudes des verres du pseudo-ternaire La2S3Bi2S3Ga2S3, en relation avec le diagramme de phases et la spectroscopie infra-rouge." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 97, no. 2 (April 1992): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(92)90043-u.

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9

FORESTIER, JEAN-PIERRE, EDITH PUECH, and JEAN-LOUIS TICHADOU. "Application d'une méthodologie expérimentale à l'étude du diagramme ternaire d'un gel." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 7, no. 5 (October 1985): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1985.tb00416.x.

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10

Chen, Qing, Jiping She, and Yang Xiao. "Study of Phase Equilibrium of NaBr + KBr + H2O and NaBr + MgBr2 + H2O at 313.15 K." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2319635.

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The phase equilibrium for the ternary systems NaBr + KBr + H2O and NaBr + MgBr2 + H2O at 313.15 K was investigated by isothermal solution saturation method. The solubilities of salts and the densities of saturated solutions in these ternary systems were determined by chemical methods, while the equilibrium solid phases were analyzed by Schreinermarker wet residues method. Based on the experimental data, phase diagrams and density versus composition diagrams were plotted. The two ternary systems were type of simple common-saturation and without complex salt and solid solution. There are in all two crystalline regions, two univariant curves, and one invariant point in these phase diagrams of two ternary systems at 313.15 K. The equilibrium solid phases in the ternary system NaBr + KBr + H2O are KBr and NaBr·2H2O, and those in the ternary system NaBr + MgBr2 + H2O are NaBr·2H2O and MgBr2·6H2O.

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11

Qiang, Jian-Bing, De-He Wang, Cui-Min Bao, Ying-Min Wang, Wei-Ping Xu, Mei-Li Song, and Chuang Dong. "Formation rule for Al-based ternary quasi-crystals: Example of Al–Ni–Fe decagonal phase." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 9 (September 2001): 2653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0364.

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After examining ternary Al-based quasi-crystalline phase diagrams, we pointed out that the presence of e/a-constant and e/a-variant lines is a common phenomenon. Ternary quasi-crystal compositions are located at the crossing point of these lines in ternary phase diagrams. Such an empirical rule can be used to predict the ternary quasi-crystal compositions from binary ones. We applied this rule to the Al–Fe–Ni system and clarified the decagonal phase composition zone. There are two decagonal phases, D-Al72.5Fe14.5Ni13 and D′-Al705Fe12Ni17.5, that correspond respectively to Al–Fe-based and Al–Ni-based decagonal phases in the same ternary system.

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12

Guittard, M., A. Chilouet, M. F. Gardette, M. Wintenberger, and A. Tomas. "Etude des domaines de solutions solides dans le diagramme pseudo-ternaire Yb2S3/1bYbS/1bMnS." Materials Research Bulletin 25, no. 10 (October 1990): 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(90)90087-i.

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13

Kaddami, M., S. El Allali, M. Ferhat, and J. J. Counioux. "Le système ternaire H2O-NH4NO3-Al(NO3)3. II. Le diagramme polythermique jusquà 100 °C." Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique 95, no. 7 (July 1998): 1731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp:1998337.

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14

Houphouet-Boigny, Denise, Rose Eholié, Rolande Ollitrault-Fichet, and Jean Flahaut. "Étude du diagramme ternaire Ag-As-Se II: Description du quadrilatère Ag-Ag2Se-As2Se3-As." Journal of the Less Common Metals 105, no. 1 (January 1985): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(85)90122-5.

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15

Kevorkov, D., M. Medraj, M. Aljarrah, Jian Li, E. Essadiqi, P. Chartrand, and C. Fuerst. "Experimental Study of the Al-Mg-Sr Phase Diagram at 400°C." Journal of Metallurgy 2014 (March 18, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/690623.

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The Al-Mg-Sr system is experimentally studied at 400°C using EPMA and XRD techniques. It was determined that the intermetallic phases in the Al-Mg-Sr system have a tendency to form extended substitutional solid solutions. Two ternary phases were found in this system. Solubility limits of binary and ternary phases were determined and the phase equilibria among phases were established. The isothermal section of the Al-Mg-Sr system at 400°C has been constructed using results of the phase analysis and experimental literature data.

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16

Mikołajczak, P., and L. Ratke. "Thermodynamic Assessment of Mushy Zone in Directional Solidification." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0088.

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Abstract Solidification of AlSiFe alloys was studied using a directional solidification facility and the CALPHAD technique was applied to calculate phase diagrams and to predict occurring phases. The specimens solidified by electromagnetic stirring showed segregation across, and the measured chemical compositions were transferred into phase diagrams. The ternary phase diagrams presented different solidification paths caused by segregation in each selected specimen. The property diagrams showed modification in the sequence and precipitation temperature of the phases. It is proposed in the study to use thermodynamic calculations with Thermo-Calc which enables us to visualize the mushy zone in directional solidification. 2D maps based on property diagrams show a mushy zone with a liquid channel in the AlSi7Fe1.0 specimen center, where significant mass fraction (33%) of β-Al5FeSi phases may precipitate before α-Al dendrites form. Otherwise liquid channel occurred almost empty of β in AlSi7Fe0.5 specimen and completely without β in AlSi9Fe0.2. The property diagrams revealed also possible formation of α-Al8Fe2Si phases.

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17

Valyashko, V. M. "Derivation of complete phase diagrams for ternary systems with immiscibility phenomena and solid–fluid equilibria." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 10 (January 1, 2002): 1871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101871.

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Four main types of binary fluid-phase diagrams and available experimental data on binary systems are used as a starting point for derivation of the systematic classification of binary complete phase diagrams by the method of continuous topological transformations. This method and the classification of binary phase diagrams, containing the boundary versions of phase diagrams with ternary nonvariant points, are applied to derive the main types of fluid and complete phase diagrams for ternary systems with one volatile component and immiscibility phenomena in two constituent binary subsystems. The results gained from this analysis of derived fluid and complete phase diagrams of ternary systems are represented.

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18

Oppermann, Heinrich, Uwe Petasch, Peer Schmidt, Egbert Keller, and Volker Krämer. "Zu den Zustandssystemen Bi2Ch3/BiX3 und den ternären Phasen auf diesen Schnitten (Ch= S, Se,Te;X= Cl, Br, I). II: Bismutselenidhalogenide Bi2Se3/BiX3 und Bismuttelluridhalogenide Bi2Te3/BiX3 / On the Pseudobinary Systems Bi2Ch3/BiX3 and the Ternary Phases in these Systems (Ch = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I). II: Bismutselenidhalides Bi2Se3/BiX3 and Bismuttelluridhalides Bi2Te3/BiX3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-0701.

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In summary, the thermal behaviour of the ternary phases in the pseudo-binary systems Bi2Ch3/BiX3 are described. The thermodynamic data of these phases have been analysed and the appropriate values are given here. The phase diagrams and barograms have been calculated with these data and they are compared with the diagrams that have been obtained experimentally. The crystal structures of the various phases are briefly described.

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19

Cohen-Adad, R., MT Cohen-Adad, R. Ouaïni, and F. Getzen. "Calcul du diagramme d'équilibres solide-liquide d'un système multiconstituants Application au ternaire Na+, K+/Cl-/H2O." Journal de Chimie Physique 87 (1990): 1441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1990871441.

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20

Chou, Kuo-Chih, Seetharaman Sridhar, and Uday B. Pal. "Activities and ternary phase diagrams." Calphad 21, no. 4 (December 1997): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0364-5916(98)00006-6.

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21

Yen, Yee-wen, and Sinn-wen Chen. "Phase equilibria of the Ag–Sn–Cu ternary system." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 8 (August 2004): 2298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0296.

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Phase equilibria of the Ag–Sn–Cu ternary system have been determined experimentally as well as using the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) method. Various Ag–Sn–Cu alloys were prepared to study the isothermal sections of the Ag–Sn–Cu ternary system at 240 and 450 °C. No ternary compounds were found and all the binary compounds had only limited ternary solubility. The ∈1–Cu3Sn phase is a very stable phase. It is in equilibrium with the Ag, ζ–Ag4Sn, ∈2–Ag3Sn, η–Cu6Sn5, and Cu phases at 240 °C, and is in equilibrium with the Ag, ζ, ∈2, L, and δ–Cu4Sn phases at 450 °C. Thermodynamic models of the Ag–Sn–Cu ternary system were developed based on available thermodynamic models of the constituent binary systems without introducing ternary interaction parameters. The isothermal sections at 240 and 450 °C were calculated, and the results were in good agreement with those determined experimentally. In addition to the isothermal sections, stability diagrams of Sn and Cu were calculated as well.

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22

Tukmakova, Anastasiia, Anna Novotelnova, Sergey Taskaev, Hiroyuki Miki, and Vladimir Khovaylo. "Simulation of Fe-Ti-Sb Thernary Phase Diagram at Temperatures above 900 K." Key Engineering Materials 877 (February 2021): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.877.114.

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Heusler alloys have been considered as one of the most promising thermoelectric materials for electrical power generation in a temperature range of 500–800 °C. Establishment of phase diagrams allows one to predict formation, equilibria, and stability of phases in of these ternary alloys. In this work we report on the simulation and investigation of phase diagram and phase equilibria in ternary Ti-Fe-Sb system which is of considerable interest for thermoelectric applications. The simulation was carried out using the CALPHAD method in Pandat software. The existence of the thermoelectric Heusler TiFe1.5Sb phase was revealed in a temperature range from 970 to 1070 K. The equilibria between TiFe1.5Sb and other phases were determined. The entropy of formation was calculated for the phases existing at 970, 1020 and 1070 K using a fitting approach. A narrow equilibrium region containing pure body centered cubic Fe and TiFe1.5Sb was found.

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23

Le Minh, Tam, Jan Von Langermann, Heike Lorenz, and Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern. "Enantiomeric 3-Chloromandelic Acid System: Binary Melting Point Phase Diagram, Ternary Solubility Phase Diagrams and Polymorphism." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 99, no. 9 (September 2010): 4084–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.22234.

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24

Combs, Leon L., and Gregory W. Lynn. "Computer-Generated Ternary Phase Diagram." Journal of Chemical Education 72, no. 7 (July 1995): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed072p608.

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25

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Aluminum Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 6 (September 19, 2012): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0111-3.

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26

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Aluminum Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 34, no. 1 (October 20, 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0143-8.

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27

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Aluminum Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 5 (July 20, 2007): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9159-x.

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28

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Iron Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 30, no. 4 (May 13, 2009): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9535-9.

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29

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Iron Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 31, no. 2 (March 11, 2010): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-010-9651-6.

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30

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Aluminum Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 32, no. 5 (June 24, 2011): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-011-9917-7.

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31

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Aluminum Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 32, no. 6 (August 24, 2011): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-011-9940-8.

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32

Raghavan, V. "Ternary Iron Phase Diagram Updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 3 (April 18, 2012): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0033-0.

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33

Raghavan, V. "Ternary iron phase diagram updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria 15, no. 4 (August 1994): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02647561.

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34

Raghavan, V. "Ternary iron phase diagram updates." Journal of Phase Equilibria 19, no. 3 (June 1998): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02701092.

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35

Proulx, Michel. "Le diagramme ternaire Al2O3-Sr-Y : un nouvel outil pour l’exploration de gisements de sulfures massifs volcanogènes." CIM Journal 6, no. 2 (April 21, 2015): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15834/cimj.2015.12.

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36

Carraro, F., M. de J. Velásquez-Hernández, E. Astria, W. Liang, L. Twight, C. Parise, M. Ge, et al. "Phase dependent encapsulation and release profile of ZIF-based biocomposites." Chemical Science 11, no. 13 (2020): 3397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc05433b.

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We report two ternary phase diagrams that show the synthesis conditions to prepare protein@ZIF biocomposites with different phases, including BSA@ZIF-C and insulin@ZIF-C. For each biocomposite, we measured distinct encapsulation efficiency and release profile properties.

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37

Pardo, M. P., S. Bénazeth, M. Guittard, and C. Ecrepont. "Diagramme de phase du systeme La2O2SeGa2Se3." Materials Research Bulletin 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(90)90012-q.

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38

Hu, B., Y. Du, J. J. Yuan, Z. F. Liu, and Q. P. Wang. "Thermodynamic reassessment of the Mn-Ni-Si system." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 51, no. 2 (2015): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb141002015h.

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Iased on the new experimental data available in the literature, the Mn-Ni-Si system has been reassessed using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) approach. Compared with the previous modeling, the ?8 and ?12 ternary phases were treated as the same phase according to the new experimental data. The Mn3Si phase was described with two sublattice model (Mn, Ni)3(Si)1. The reported new ternary phase ? was not considered in the present work. Comprehensive comparisons between the calculated and measured phase diagrams showed that a set of thermodynamic parameters of the Mn-Ni-Si system obtained in this work was more accurate than the previous one.

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39

Tatárka, Eszter, Tamás Mende, and András Roósz. "Liquidus Temperature Calculation in Sn-Bi-Cd System by ESTPHAD Method." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.265.

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This paper includes the binary and ternary liquidus temperature calculations of Sn-Bi-Cd system. The calculation was performed in cases of the surfaces of Sn, Bi and Cd phases too. First of all the liquidus curves were calculated in the binary systems (Bi phase in Bi-Cd and Bi-Sn systems, Sn phase in Sn-Cd and Sn-Bi systems, Cd phase in Cd-Sn and Cd-Bi systems). By using the calculated coefficients of the binary phase diagrams and the data from the digitalized ternary phase diagram, the liquidus temperature of Sn, Bi and the Cd phases were calculated. Finally the eutectic point of the binary liquidus curves and the eutectic valley of the Sn and the Bi surfaces were calculated by means of an iteration method.

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40

Senchuk, Oleksandr, and Roman E. Gladyshevskii. "Interaction of the Components in the {Ce, Gd}-{Ti, Zr}-Sb Systems." Solid State Phenomena 289 (April 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.289.3.

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The phase equilibria in the ternary systems {Ce, Gd}–{Ti, Zr}–Sb were investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The isothermal sections of the phase diagrams at 600°C were constructed. The formation of three ternary compounds (Ce2Ti7Sb12, Ce3TiSb5, and Gd2Ti11Sb14) was confirmed in the {Ce, Gd}–Ti–Sb systems and no more ternaries were found. The investigation of the {Ce, Gd}–Zr–Sb systems revealed several new ternary compounds and confirmed the known ones. The crystal structure of the new compound Ce0.08(3)Zr1.92(3)Sb was determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. The other new compounds in the Ce–Zr–Sb system were found to have compositions close to ~CeZrSb4and ~Ce2Zr3Sb5. In the Gd–Zr–Sb system the existence of a large homogeneity range was established for the GdZrSb compound along the isoconcentrate 33.3 at.% Sb: Gd1-xZr1+xSb (x= 00.905(18) at 600°C), and a new compound, ~Gd3Zr3Sb14, was discovered. The crystal structures at the boundary compositions of the Gd1-xZr1+xSb phase were refined from X-ray powder diffraction data.

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41

Huang, G., L. Liu, L. Zhang, and Z. Jin. "Thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Yb ternary system supported by first-principles calculations." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 52, no. 2 (2016): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb150709013h.

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Phase relationships of the ternary Al-Cu-Yb system have been assessed using a combination of CALPHAD method and first principles calculations. A self-consistent thermodynamic parameter was established based on the experimental and theoretical information. Most of the binary intermetallic phases, except Al3Yb, Al2Yb, Cu2Yb and Cu5Yb, were assumed to be zero solubility in the ternary system. Based on the experimental data, eight ternary intermetallic compounds were taken into consideration in this system. Among them, three were treated as line compounds with large homogeneity ranges for Al and Cu. The others were treated as stoichiometric compounds. The calculated phase diagrams were in agreement with available experimental and theoretical data.

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42

Zhao, J., J. Zhou, S. Liu, Y. Du, S. Tang, and Y. Yang. "Phase diagram determination and thermodynamic modeling of the Cu-Mg-Si system." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 52, no. 1 (2016): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb150515009z.

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13 ternary Cu-Mg-Si alloys were prepared by means of the powder metallurgy method. Phase equilibria at 500 and 700 oC of the Cu-Mg-Si system were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The existence of 3 ternary compounds in this system was verified: CuMgSi_Sigma (Cu16Mg6Si7), Tau (Cu3Mg2Si), and Laves ((Cu0.8Si0.2)2(Mg0.88Cu0.12)). A thermodynamic modeling for the Cu-Mg-Si system was then conducted on the basis of the experimental data obtained in this work and those critically reviewed from the literature. The complex phase relationship between Laves phase and other phases has been successfully modeled in this work. Comparisons between the calculated and the measured phase diagrams show that most of the experimental data can be reproduced by the presently obtained thermodynamic parameters.

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43

Šob, Mojmír, A. Kroupa, J. Pavlů, and J. Vřeštál. "Application of Ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations in Construction of Phase Diagrams of Metallic Systems with Complex Phases." Solid State Phenomena 150 (January 2009): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.150.1.

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Ab initio electronic structure theory has achieved considerable reliability concerning predictions of physical and chemical properties and phenomena. It provides understanding of matter at the atomic and electronic scale with an unprecedented level of details and accuracy. In the present contribution, the electronic structure theory and state-of-the-art ab initio calculation methods in solids are briefly reviewed and the application of the calculated total energy differences between various phases (lattice stabilities) is illustrated on construction of phase diagrams by the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method in systems containing phases with complex structures, as e.g. Laves phases or sigma phase. Particular examples include description of the Laves phases in the Cr-Nb, Cr-Ta and Cr-Zr systems, sigma-phase in the Fe-Cr system and prediction of the phase composition of ternary Fe-Cr-Mo system and super-austenitic steels. It is shown that the utilization of ab initio results introduces a solid basis of the energetics of systems with complex phases, allows to avoid unreliable estimates and extrapolations of Gibbs energies and brings more physics into the CALPHAD method.

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44

Stead, Rebecca J., and Keith Stead. "Phase diagrams for ternary liquid systems." Journal of Chemical Education 67, no. 5 (May 1990): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed067p385.

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45

McClurg, Richard B. "Taxonomy of Cocrystal Ternary Phase Diagrams." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 61, no. 12 (November 22, 2016): 4313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00791.

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46

Karukstis, Kerry K., Sara K. Avrantinis, Stephanie L. Boegeman, Jeanie N. Conner, Blaine M. Hackman, Jennifer M. Lindsay, Alexander L. Mandel, and Elizabeth J. Miller. "Spectroscopic Determination of Ternary Phase Diagrams." Journal of Chemical Education 77, no. 6 (June 2000): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed077p701.

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47

Wennerström, Håkan. "Ternary Phase Diagrams in Surfactant Science." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (February 2007): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690600992563.

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48

Schultz, Allan, and Y. Austin Chang. "Computer Graphics for Ternary Phase Diagrams." JOM 37, no. 11 (November 1985): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03258731.

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Curbelo, Fabiola Dias da Silva, Alfredo Ismael Curbelo Garnica, Beatriz Sales Cavalcanti Nascimento, Giovanna Lais Rodrigues Leal, Tarsila Melo Tertuliano, and Raphael Ribeiro da Silva. "Influence of the oleic phase and co-surfactant addition in non-ionic microemulsified systems." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): e58410212902. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12902.

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Abstract:

Microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable dispersion consisting of an aqueous and an organic phases, both stabilized by surfactant molecules and when in need, co-active surfactant. The nature and structure of these components are essential in the formulation of microemulsified systems. For this, the construction of phase diagrams can be a fundamental tool to characterize the ideal experimental conditions for the existence and operation of microemulsions. Thus, the present work had as objective to obtain a comparison between microemulsions with different compositions through the construction of ternary diagrams, aiming to achieve the most stable system. To produce microemulsified systems, a non-ionic surfactant (Ultranex NP 60), a co-surfactant (Isopropyl Alcohol), two organic phases (pine oil and castor oil) and an aqueous phase (glycerin solution) were used. Also complementing the study, rheological tests of the oleic phases were accomplished, as well as their thermogravimetric analysis. The focus of the reached ternary diagrams was to find the system with the largest Winsor type IV region (microemulsion). It was verified this region had a significant increase by the addition of the co-surfactant in the medium and using a vegetable oil, such as pine oil, since it promotes strong surfactant-oil interactions on the interface.

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Liu, H. K., S. X. Dou, M. Ionescu, Z. B. Shao, K. R. Liu, and L. Q. Liu. "Equilibrium phase diagrams in the system CuO–PbO–Ag." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 11 (November 1995): 2933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2933.

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Abstract:

Silver has played a critical role for the fabrication of metal/high temperature superconductor composites. Phase equilibrium and microstructure in the ternary PbO-CuO-Ag system have been investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Composition versus temperature diagrams have been established for these systems in air. In the ternary CuO-PbO-Ag system, there is a eutectic reaction CuO + PbO + Ag = L at 750 °C and a composition of 12.04 mol % Ag, 16.35 mol % CuO, and 72.62 mol % PbO. Two immiscible regions near the two binary tie lines PbO-Ag and CuO-Ag were detected. No binary or ternary compound was detected in these systems. SEM and EDS results confirm the presence of two liquid phases and the eutectic point

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