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O'Neill, Caitlin G. "Dialect variation in speaking rate." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32122.
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Lyle, Samantha. "Dialect variation in stop consonant voicing." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32156.
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Ciarlo, Chiara. "Subject clitic variation in a northern Italian dialect." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/452.
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This study investigates the phenomenon of subject clitic (henceforth, SCl) variation in Ligurian, a variety spoken in the north-west of Italy. Through the examination of empirical data, this work shows that variation can be incorporated in the theory of a single grammar. In particular, this study determines which linguistic and extra-linguistic factors influence SCl variation and whether these factors vary among individual speakers, and it applies notions of minimalist theory to account for variable and categorical cases. Three variables in the Ligurian SCl paradigm are examined, where overt variants alternate with a zero form. These are: 3rd singular u, a/Ø, 3rd plural i/e/Ø, and 1st person e/a/Ø. In these variables, the zero form is always affected by adjacent negation and object clitics, by processing factors, and occasionally by following phonological context, though never by age of the speaker. In contrast, factors that influence overt SCl alternation vary: subject-verb agreement in 3rd singular contexts, morpho-phonological factors in 3rd plural contexts, and phonological, syntactic, and extra-linguistic factors in 1st person contexts. Following the general view that SCls in northern Italian dialects express subject agreement features (e.g., Poletto, 2000), I propose that SCl variants are phonological expression of different phi-feature combinations of two categories of Agreement (Number and Person) which include underspecification of features and feature values (Adger, 2006). Overt variants may show underspecification of the number and/or gender features of Number, whereas a null underlying variant always has unvalued number and gender. In variable cases, all variants in the set are formally satisfied and significant factors trigger the choice of the variant. In categorical cases, only one SCl variant in the set has its feature requirements fulfilled. Furthermore, I propose a four-fold interpretation of the zero form, namely, as null underlying variant, as nonpronunced SCl projection due to blocking by syntactic elements, as absence of phi-features, and as phonological deletion of overt variants (inter-speaker variation).
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Lin, Yuhan. "Stylistic Variation and Social Perception in Second Dialect Acquisition." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1532059573668516.
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Ó, Muircheartaigh Peadar. "Gaelic dialects present and past : a study of modern and medieval dialect relationships in the Gaelic languages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20473.
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This thesis focuses on the historical development of dialectal variation in the Gaelic languages with special reference to Irish. As a point of departure, competing scholarly theories concerning the historical relationships between Goidelic dialects are laid out. Next, these theories are tested using dialectometric methods of linguistic analysis. Dialectometry clearly suggests the Irish of Ulster is the most linguistically distinctive of Irish dialects. This perspective on the modern dialects is utilised in subsequent chapters to clarify our understanding of the history of Gaelic dialectal variation, especially during the Old Irish period (AD 600–900). Theoretical and methodological frameworks that have been used in the study of the historical dialectology of Gaelic are next outlined. It is argued that these frameworks may not be the most appropriate for investigating dialectal variation during the Old Irish period. For the first time, principles from historical sociolinguistics are here applied in investigating the language of the Old Irish period. In particular, the social and institutional structures which supported the stability of Old Irish as a text language during the 8th and 9th centuries are scrutinised from this perspective. The role of the ecclesiastical and political centre of Armagh as the principal and central actor in the relevant network structures is highlighted. Focus then shifts to the processes through which ‘standard’ languages emerge, with special reference to Old Irish. The evidence of a small number of texts upon which modern understandings of Old Irish was based is assessed; it is argued that these texts most likely emerged from monasteries in the northeast of Ireland and the southwest of Scotland. Secondly, the processes through which the standard of the Old Irish period is likely to have come about are investigated. It is concluded that the standard language of the period arose primarily through the agency of monastic schools in the northeast of Ireland, particularly Armagh and Bangor. It is argued that this fact, and the subsequent prominence of Armagh as a stable and supremely prestigious centre of learning throughout the period, offers a sociolinguistically robust explanation for the apparent lack of dialectal variation in the language. Finally, the socio-political situation of the Old Irish period is discussed. Models of new-dialect formation are applied to historical evidence, and combined with later linguistic evidence, in an attempt to enunciate dialectal divisions which may have existed during the period.
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Russ, Robert Brice. "Examining Regional Variation Through Online Geotagged Corpora." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385420187.
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Hedges, Stephanie Nicole. "A Latent Class Analysis of American English Dialects." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6480.
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Research on the dialects of English spoken within the United States shows variation regarding lexical, morphological, syntactic, and phonological features. Previous research has tended to focus on one linguistic variable at a time with variation. To incorporate multiple variables in the same analysis, this thesis uses a latent class analysis to perform a cluster analysis on results from the Harvard Dialect Survey (2003) in order to investigate what phonetic variables from the Harvard Dialect Survey are most closely associated with each dialect. This thesis also looks at how closely the latent class analysis results correspond to the Atlas of North America (Labov, Ash & Boberg, 2005b) and how well the results correspond to Joshua Katz's heat maps (Business Insider, 2013; Byrne, 2013; Huffington Post, 2013; The Atlantic, 2013). The results from the Harvard Dialect Survey generally parallel the findings of the Linguistic Atlas of North American English, providing support for six basic dialects of American English. The variables with the highest probability of occurring in the North dialect are ‘pajamas: /æ/’, ‘coupon: /ju:/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’ ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, and ‘caramel: 2 syllables’. For the South dialect, the top variables are ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, ‘lawyer: /ɒ/’, ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, and ‘poem’ as 2 syllables. The top variables in the West dialect include ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’. For the New England dialect, they are ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘route: /ru:t/’, ‘caramel: 3 syllables’, ‘mayonnaise: /ejɑ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’. The top variables for the Midland dialect are ‘pajamas: /æ/’, ‘coupon: /u:/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’ and for New York City and the Mid-Atlantic States, they are ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, ‘been: /ɪ/’, ‘route: /ru:t/’, ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’, and ‘coupon: /u:/’. One major discrepancy between the results from the latent class analysis and the linguistic atlas is the region of the low back merger. In the latent class analysis, the North dialect has a low probability of the ‘cot/caught’ low back vowel distinction, whereas the linguistic atlas found this to be a salent variable of the North dialect. In conclusion, these results show that the latent class analysis corresponds with current research, as well as adding additional information with multiple variables.
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Panyaatisin, Kosin. "Dialect maintenance, shift and variation in a Northern Thai Industrial Estate." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22700/.
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This study investigates linguistic variation in a case of dialect change and maintenance, for a Northern (NT) Thai dialect in a Northern Industrial Estate (NTIE) of Thailand, in Lamphun province. The target area is the Ban Klang Municipal (MBK) community where locals use the NT Thai dialect. However, due to internal immigration over the past 30 years, MBK has undergone a dramatic change in socio-economics and culture, from an agriculturally-based society, swiftly transforming into an urbanised and industrialised one. The national standard Bangkok (BKK) Thai, has influenced and motivated dialect shift among MBK speakers who speak the NT Thai dialect. The quantitative variationist approach can clarify the changing linguistic situation in the MBK area. The dependent linguistic variables include rhotic consonant onset (r) incorporating [r], [ɾ], [l] and [h] as its variants, such as [rɯa:n0], [ɾɯa:n0], [lɯa:n0] and [hɯa:n0], "house". The consonant cluster onset with rhotic (Cr) comprises {Cr}, {Cɾ}, {Cl} and {C∅}, such as [khrap3], [khɾap3], [khlap3] and [khap3], "male polite final particle". Only the (r) onset includes the local variant [h] in NT Thai dialect; only (Cr) includes a deleted variant. The independent variables comprise Labovian style factors, demographic social factors, social network strength (SNS) factors and phonological constraints. The dyadic interviews included 66 respondents. Defined by geographic origin differences, the 57 MBK locals were the focused group, while the 9 BKK speakers were the control group. A friend-to-friend method and judgment sampling were employed. The total length of interviews was around 120 hours. The study revealed the following: 1. In both (r) and (Cr) variables, the study showed that [l] and {C∅} were the most commonly-used forms. Stylistic stratification occurs, with formal styles favouring the standard rhotic variants. 2. Style plays a major role in linguistic variability, followed by social factors and linguistic constraints, respectively. LMC women are the linguistic trailblazers in certain variants. MMC elderly local males are the primary dialect maintainers. The MMC and WC locals used the covert prestige form [h] more often, but with different underlying social meanings. 3. Social network (SN) analysis employed an ego-centric network approach. SN factors were significant in the model but not a strong explanatory predictor. MBK networks were largely ethnically homogeneous. Contact frequency and intimacy scores were highly correlated. This confirms that all attributes forming the SN are highly interrelated and dependent. 4. The corresponding variants of (r) and (Cr) reveal non-parallel linguistic patterns. The relationship between variable (r) and (Cr) exhibited weak associations, with the rhotic variants patterning similarly, while the lateral variants were not aligned. The emergence of laterals in (Cr) might be derived partly from articulatory errors, while [l] patterned in line with {C∅} as the neutral variants in casual styles. 5. The stylistic and social factors played greater roles in linguistic variability than the internal linguistic factors. This might be due to the social structure that has an effect on the linguistic structure, particularly in these Tai-Kadai family and related non-Western languages. The style and social factor elements are an important determinant of linguistic structure.
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Austen, Martha. "The Role of Listener Experience in Perception of Conditioned Dialect Variation." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu159532560325774.
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Pickett, Iain Michael. "Some aspects of dialect variation among nomads in Syria and Lebanon." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423283.
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This thesis looks at a selection of typologically salient features that characterise the dialects of a number of Bedouin tribes in Syria and Lebanon. Most of these dialects have never previously been described. For those that have, the most recent published data usually dates from at least the 1930s, and often much earlier. Thus in its descriptions of previously undescribed dialects, the present thesis helps to fill a number of gaps in the nomadic dialect geography of the Syro-Lebanon region. In respect of those dialects for which data is available, further data is offered, changes that have apparently occurred during the past century are highlighted, and at times, the validity and accuracy of the available published data is challenged. Traditionally much work in north Arabian Arabic dialectology has been driven by the desire to discover or reconstruct older forms of the language, or at least to describe an 'unadulterated' dialect. Often there is a focus on answering questions about earlier speech patterns, based on poetry and traditional narratives. In contrast, the present work concentrates solely on the contemporary, spontaneous everyday speech of the tribes. The data was collected largely in 2003 and 2004 from recordings and observations of natural speech as spoken in the house or tent. Poetic forms and traditional narratives have been deliberately excluded from the study. Data has been collected from younger and older members of the community, and (where possible, given the cultural context) from women as well as men. In addition to descriptions of the dialects, the thesis also addresses some issues of classification, particularly for the seven Lebanese nomadic tribes that are looked at, but also in revisiting some of the classifications offered by previous dialectologists for Syrian nomadic dialects.
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Strycharz, Anna Maria. "Variation and change in Osaka Japanese honorifics : a sociolinguistic study of dialect contact." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7759.
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This thesis is a sociolinguistic investigation into the use of local referent honorific suffixes by speakers of Osaka Japanese (OJ). Its main goal is to add to our understanding of the variation and change in the use of honorification among Japanese speakers, by including a combination of methodologies and frameworks within the scope of one discussion. The analysis covers both local referent honorific suffixes HARU, YARU and YORU, as well as Standard Japanese forms, (RA)RERU and so called special verbs. The main focus, however, is on providing a detailed examination of the local referent honorific suffix HARU. An analysis of the distribution patterns of this honorific allows us to explore (i) ongoing changes in its use across three generations of speakers, and (ii) the indexicality of its meaning in use, including the changing social meanings attached to the form see in the analysis of interactions, distribution and metapragmatic comments. The analysis shows that the use of both local and standard honorifics in informal conversations of OJ users is decreasing significantly among younger speakers. However, it also highlights the different linguistic behaviour of young men and young women in this speech community, and links their use of HARU with local linguistic and cultural ideologies, showing how they may be affecting both perceptions and patterns of use of the form. Additionally, the analysis in this dissertation looks at various levels of linguistic structure, allowing us to explore whether the Osaka honorific system does indeed function as a single system, or whether different forms at different levels of linguistic structure have their own histories and trajectories. The analysis suggests that the honorific resources available to OJ users (both standard and local features) need to be seen as a continuum (cf. Okamoto 1998), rather than separate and distinct systems. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed in the analysis. The quantitative analysis investigates the ongoing changes in the frequency of use of HARU, as well as its distribution according to a range of social and linguistic functions. The qualitative analysis suggests that HARU is socially meaningful for the speakers, performing multiple functions in the interpersonal domain of discourse. Combining the two approaches to study Japanese honorifics in naturally occurring conversations is an attempt at bridging the gap between a number of previous studies.
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Watts, Emma L. "Mobility-induced dialect contact : a sociolinguistic investigation of speech variation in Wilmslow, Cheshire." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428976.
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Al, Ammar Deema. "Linguistic variation and change in the dialect of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia : feminine suffixes." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20599/.
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This study investigates sociolinguistic variation and change in the dialect of Ha’il city, a dialect that belongs to the Najdi type of dialects, especially Northern Najdi. Two traditional linguistic features of Ha’ili Arabic (HA) are examined: the realisation of the feminine ending (ah) and realisation of the feminine plural suffix (a:t), in relation to three social factors: age (Younger, Middle-aged, Older), gender (Male, Female) and levels of contact (High, Low) with people from different dialectal backgrounds. Raising of the feminine ending -ah is defined as: fronting and raising of short /a/ to /ɛ/ or /e/. In traditional Ha’ili Arabic, /a/ is raised unconditionally in all environments even after guttural and emphatic sounds (Abboud, 1979). The results, however, show progressive lowering of the (ah) variable, constrained by social and linguistic factors. Younger female speakers especially those with high level of contact lead the change toward the innovative and supra-local variant [a], while older speakers, even those with high level of contact, maintain the use of the traditional variant [e] at a very high rate (96%). Women are slightly ahead of men in using [a]. Such gender patterning can be interpreted in relation to the fact that there is no negative social meaning associated to the use of the two variants. Regarding the second variable (a:t), /t/ in the feminine plural suffix -a:t can be lenited to /h/ or /j/ in HA. According to previous research (Abboud, 1964 and Ingham, 1982, 2009), lenition of /a:t/ is linguistically conditioned by the following environment. It is promoted pre- pausally and when the following word begins with a consonant, but it is precluded when followed by a vowel across word boundary. The results show that the innovative variant [a:t] is highly favoured when it is followed by a vowel across word boundary. Additionally, the number of syllables and the stress on the final syllable appear to have a minimal effect on the realisation of (a:t). All the younger speakers, except low contact female speakers, use the innovative variant categorically, while the older speakers use it at a rate of 52%. Concerning gender, men are found to lead the change in using [a:t] than women. This gender pattern is explained with reference to men’s social interaction, mobility and to the overt stigmatisation associated with the use of the traditional variants [a:j] and [a:h] by male speakers. Overall, a progressive levelling out of local/marked features in HA has been observed in favouring the innovative features found in the emerging supra-local variety in the central region of Saudi Arabia.
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Ramos-Pellicia, Michelle Frances. "Language contact and dialect contact: cross-generational phonological variation in a Puerto Rican community in the midwest of the United States." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101755688.
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Durrant, Samantha. "The influence of long-term exposure to dialect variation on representation specificity and word learning in toddlers." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3205.
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Until very recently language development research classified the language learner as belonging to one of two discrete groups – monolingual or bilingual. This thesis explores the hypothesis that this is an insufficient description of language input and that there are sub-groups within the monolingual category based on the phonological variability of their exposure that could be considered akin to that of bilingual toddlers. For some monolingual toddlers, classified as monodialectal, their language exposure is generally consistent, because both of their parents speak the dialect of the local area. Yet for other toddlers, classified as multidialectal, the language environment is more variable, because at least one of their parents speaks with a dialect that differs from the local area. It is considered that by testing this group of multidialectal toddlers it will be possible to explore the effect of variability on language development and how increased variability in the bilingual linguistic environment might be influencing aspects of language development. This thesis approaches the influence of variability from three areas of interest: phonetic specificity of familiar words using a mispronunciation paradigm (Experiments 1 and 2), target recognition of naturally occurring pronunciation alternatives (Experiments 3 and 4) and use of the Mutual Exclusivity strategy in novel word learning (Experiment 5). Results show that there are differences between the two dialect groups (monodialectal and multidialectal) in a mispronunciation detection task but that toddlers perform similarly with naturally occurring pronunciation alternatives and in their application of the Mutual Exclusivity strategy. This programme of work highlights that there is an influence of linguistic variability on aspects of language development, justifying the parallel between bilingualism and multidialectalism.
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Daleszynska, Agata. "Variation in past tense marking in Bequia creole : apparent time change and dialect levelling." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7837.
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Research in the Caribbean often links global phenomena (e.g. increased tourism) to changes in lifestyles and mindsets taking place in this part of the world (Curtis, 2009). I examine the direction, intensity, and motivations of language changes among adolescents in three communities in Bequia (St. Vincent and the Grenadines) considering the socio-economic transformations affecting the island. Data for this study was obtained using a combination of sociolinguistic interviews and conversations between Bequia adolescents and their grandparents recorded in the course of several fieldwork trips. Three villages in Bequia were considered, Hamilton, Paget Farm and Mount Pleasant, characterised by different patterns of settlement and socioeconomic development. I investigate variation between: (i) creole verb stems vs. Standard English verb inflections (e.g. I go yesterday vs. I went yesterday), and (ii) verb stems and verb inflections vs. creole preverbal markers (e.g. I bin play yesterday). A variety of grammatical, discoursespecific, functional, and cognitive constraints are tested to determine which factors condition the variable patterns across different communities and age groups, and how linguistically similar/different these communities are. Results of the quantitative multivariate analysis of variation between bare verbs and inflected verbs show dialect levelling (Kerswill, 2003) among adolescents in Hamilton and Paget Farm and a transmission of the system (Labov, 2007) from the older generation to the younger in Mount Pleasant. In addition, adolescents in Paget Farm have recycled (Dubois and Horvath, 1999) a stigmatised creole form, preverbal bin, and are using it significantly more than any other group on the island. The study points to several important conclusions. Firstly, it emphasises the necessity for a multidisciplinary perspective in accounting for the factors which condition language change, especially in such a diverse and fast developing setting as the present-day Caribbean. Secondly, it supports the research on language and globalisation emphasising the relationship between the local and the global (e.g. Meyerhoff and Niedzielski, 2003). Finally, the study attempts to determine the nature of variation in creole languages as e.g. a creole continuum or co-existing systems, and establish replicable methods for measuring linguistic similarities/differences between communities.
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Pattison, Melody. "A study of the variation and change in the vowels of the Achterhoeks dialect." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21631/.
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The Achterhoeks dialect, spoken in the eastern Dutch province of Gelderland near the German border, is a Low Saxon dialect that differs noticeably from Standard Dutch in all linguistic areas. Previous research has comprehensively covered the differences in lexicon (see, for example, Schaars, 1984; Van Prooije, 2011), but less has been done on the phonology in this area (the most notable exception being Kloeke, 1927). There has been research conducted on the changes observed in other Dutch dialects, such as Brabants (Hagen, 1987; Swanenberg, 2009) and Limburgs (Hinskens, 1992), but not so much in Achterhoeks, and whether the trends observed in other dialects are also occurring in the Achterhoek area. It is claimed that the regional Dutch dialects are slowly converging towards the standard variety (Wieling, Nerbonne & Baayen, 2011), and this study aims to not only fill some of the gaps in Achterhoeks dialectology, but also to test to what extent the vowels are converging on the standard. This research examines changes in six lexical sets from 1979 to 2015 in speakers’ conscious representation of dialect. This conscious representation was an important aspect of the study, as what it means to speak in dialect may differ from person to person, and so the salience of vowels can be measured based on the number of their occurrences in self-described dialectal speech. Through a perception task, this research also presents a view of the typical Achterhoeks speaker as seen by other Dutch speakers, in order to provide a sociolinguistic explanation for the initial descriptive account of any vowel change observed in dialectal speech. Subtle changes in the Achterhoeks vowels were observed, suggesting a lack of stability, but not yet at the stage of functional dialect loss. The most noticeable difference within the Achterhoek area occurs with the pronunciation of what we term the HUIS vowel when it appears after /r/, realised as either [u] or [y]. The lexical sets of PRAAT, KAART, and KAAS were presented in three groups: as front, Standard and back vowels, with pronunciation patterns attributed to post-Westphalian breaking processes, grammatical rules, and trajectories associated with the original West Germanic vowels. The accompanying perception study provided a partner to the main research, suggesting subconscious social information behind what it means to speak in dialect.
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Strand, Thea Randina. "Varieties in dialogue: Dialect use and change in rural Valdres, Norway." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194862.
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This dissertation is an investigation of the use, change, and status of the distinctive local dialect in rural Valdres, Norway. The Norwegian sociolinguistic situation has long been recognized as complicated by a protracted history of language planning and standardization, in which two competing written norms of Norwegian, called Bokmål and Nynorsk, are symbolically and ideologically associated with urban and rural identities, respectively. In addition, while Norwegians can choose from two written norms, no recognized standard exists for spoken Norwegian, and citizens are officially encouraged to use their native, local dialects. The present study approaches this situation through a case study of language use in Valdres today.In the summer of 2005, the distinctive dialect of the rural Valdres valley was voted "Norway's most popular dialect" on one of the country's most listened-to national radio programs, an event that both reflects and has contributed to a recent revaluation of the local dialect. Yet the results of previous dialectological research in Valdres have clearly pointed to long-term convergence toward what locals call "city language" -- the speech of nearby urban Oslo. While evidence of this decades-long trend is not contradicted by the findings of this dissertation research, the present study suggests that there may be more than one direction of dialect change in Valdres today. Despite ongoing changes in dialect morpho-lexis and phonology in the direction of urban regional speech, there is also a large number of relatively resistant dialect features in contemporary Valdresmål, and, even more importantly, evidence of a re-expansion of the dialect among younger speakers, which appears to align with forms found in written Nynorsk, the alternative "rural" norm. The simultaneous sociolinguistic trends of dialect convergence, non-convergence, and divergence in the contemporary Valdres dialect vis-a-vis urban regional norms thus provide an interesting and complicated case of language variation and change.This dissertation combines methods from linguistic and cultural anthropology, ethnographic sociolinguistics, and acoustic phonetics to provide an illuminating analysis of the local relationships between standard and non-standard varieties, between written and spoken forms, and between contemporary language use and historically-rooted language ideologies.
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Boudjellal, Malek. "Contribution à la géographie linguistique du berbère chaouïa." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPC0005.
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C'est une étude de géolinguistique de terrain, sur un dialecte berbère, peu documenté : le chaouïa des Aurès parlé dans l’Est algérien. Ce travail inclus un échantillon de 62 localités de cette aire linguistique, dont on a étudié certains points de variation linguistique, situés à différents niveaux de langue : phonétique, grammatical et lexical. Le corpus analysé comprend, le paradigme des interrogatifs, des possessifs, des pronoms personnels autonomes, des pronoms affixes de verbe direct et indirect, ainsi que 232 lexèmes illustrant la diversité des réalisations lexicales et phonétiques à la fois. Les résultats se traduisent par 58 cartes, ils nous ont permis de proposer une classification des parlers chaouïa en 3 groupesIt is a study of géolinguistic of ground, on a berber, little informed dialect: the shawia of Aurès spoken in the Algerian East. This work includes a sample of 62 villages of this linguistic area, certain points of linguistic variation of which we studied, situated at various levels of language: phonetic, grammatical and lexical. The analyzed corpus includes, paradigm of interrogatives, possessive, autonomous personal pronouns, pronouns affixes of direct and indirect verb, as well as 232 lexemes illustrating the variety of the lexical and phonetic realizations at the same moment. The results are translated by 58 cards, they allowed us to propose a classification of shawia s dialect in 3 groups
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Conn, Jeffrey C. "Portland Dialect Study: The Story of /æ/ in Portland." PDXScholar, 2000. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4518.
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This study reports on the hypothesized raising of the low, front vowel /æ/, which is characteristic of a regional dialect vowel shift found in cities of the Midwest and Eastern North of the United States. The raising of this vowel is the primary change in a series of vowel shifts that have traditionally been attributed to this region of the U.S. The purpose of this study is to document the production of this vowel by residents of Portland, Oregon, in order to see what light it can shed on dialect research of the Pacific Northwest, especially across age groups to see if it can be implicated in language change.
Data were collected by interviewing a convenience sample of twenty-four Portland speakers. Twelve females and twelve males from three different age groupings were interviewed. The interviews were tape recorded and portions of the tapes were analyzed. There was a two-part analysis of the data: 1) Formant measurements (in Hz) were measured with PCQuirer speech analysis software, 2) These measurements were plotted on a graph with Plotnik graphing software.
The study found that /æ/ produced by Portland speakers is not following Labov's theory of language change and is therefore not raising. However, some initial speculations of the lowering and fronting of this vowel can be made by the data. The study found that the working class subjects produced a more fronted vowel, and that the younger subjects produced a more fronted and lowered variant of the vowel when compared to the other subjects. The study concludes that the patterns found do not clearly support Labov's paradigm of language change and are therefore only initial speculations.
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Thomas, Peter Wynn. "Dimensions of dialect variation : a dialectological and sociological analysis of aspects of spoken Welsh in Glamorgan." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293034.
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Kessai, Fodil. "Élaboration d'un dictionnaire électronique de berbère avec annotations étymologiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF029/document.
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Le berbère est généralement présenté comme un ensemble de dialectes, distincts, avec des frontières plus ou moins hermétiques, qui, le plus souvent, sont étudiés et enseignés de façon clivée voire exclusive. Cette atomisation et cette pratique différenciative occultent l’unité structurale (grammaire et fonds lexical communs) qui forme cette langue commune à laquelle référent tous ces dialectes et n’en donnent qu’une vue fragmentaire.Le domaine de la lexicographie ne déroge pas à cet usage. Chaque dictionnaire est consacré à un seul dialecte avec une graphie et une orthographe propres, et c’est au plan du lexique notamment que le berbère apparaît le plus disparate. Pour aller au-delà du particularisme et appréhender la langue dans sa globalité, nous explorons, à travers le matériau lexical, un panel de dialectes (17) représentant toute la diversité berbère. Nous établissons, par approche comparative, des passerelles inter-dialectales puis rassemblons les éléments communs du lexique recueillis à ce jour. Nous relevons ensuite les changements phonétiques, phonologiques, morphologiques et sémantiques observés dans les unités lexicales afin de mieux comprendre l'évolution du système lexical.Pour ce faire, nous élaborons un E-dictionnaire bilingue (berbère <-> français) qui permet, en tant qu’outil didactique, d’étudier la langue berbère aussi bien dans son unité que dans sa diversité dialectale, et en tant que moyen heuristique de recherche et d'analyse, d’étudier l’étymologie et les faits linguistiques en synchronie et en diachronie.Enfin, nous proposons un outil statistique (le « taux d’homogénéité ») qui mesure la proximité entre les lexiques (ou dialectes)The Berber language is usually presented as a set of distinct dialects, with more or less hermetic boundaries, which are, most often, studied and taught in a cleaved or even exclusive way.This atomization and this differentiating practice obscure the structural unity (grammar and lexical bases) which founds that common language to which all these dialects refer and give only a fragmentary view of it. The field of lexicography does not depart from this usage. Each dictionary is devoted to a single dialect with a specific spelling, and it is in the lexicon in particular that Berber appears the most disparate.To go beyond particularism and grasp the language as a whole, we explore, through the lexical material, a panel of dialects (17) representing all of Berber diversity. We establish, by comparative approach, inter-dialectal bridges and then gather the common elements of the lexicon collected to date. We then note the phonetic, phonological, morphological and semantic changes observed in lexical units in order to better understand the evolution of the lexical system.To do this, we develop a bilingual E-dictionary (Berber <-> French) which allows - as a didactic tool - for the studying of the Berber language in its unity as well as in its dialectal diversity and - as a heuristic means of research and analysis - for etymology and linguistics facts in synchrony and diachrony.Finally, we introduce a statistical tool (the “homogeneity rate”) that measures the proximity between lexicons (or dialects)
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Gran, Alexandra. "Har du sett husena därborta? : En morfologisk dialektundersökning i nutida Eskilstuna." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Svenska, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38078.
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Eskilstunamålet har tidigare uppmärksammats, främst i de två studierna av Nordberg (1985) och Sundgren (2002). Dessa studier har tjänat som inspiration för denna undersökning. Syftet med denna uppsats är dels att undersöka vilka dialektala variabler som är synliga i nutid och om dessa skiljer sig i olika åldersgrupper och mellan de biologiska könen. Syftet är dels också att ta reda på om det skett någon förändring sedan tidigare studier. Utöver detta undersöks även attityden till dialekten hos Eskilstunaborna. Metoden som ligger till grund för att undersöka det upplevda dialektbruket hos informanterna är enkätundersökningar. Resultatet av informanternas upplevda bruk visar att Eskilstunamålet fortfarande lever kvar och det pekar på både ökningar och minskningar i användandet av variablerna sedan 1960- och 1990-talet. Informanternas attityder till de olika variablerna skiljer sig också åt mellan de olika informantgrupperna. Det generella resultatet följer även trenden från annan tidigare forskning om att kvinnor tenderar att tala mer standard än män.
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Shetewi, Ourooba. "Acquisition of sociolinguistic variation in a dialect contact situation : the case of Palestinian children and adolescents in Syria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4128.
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The present study investigates patterns of variation in the speech of 40 girls and boys (3;7- 17;9) in a Bedouin speech community of Palestinian refugees outside the Syrian capital Damascus. It contributes to the knowledge on the acquisition of variation in Arabic speaking communities, especially in situations of contact and diffusion (Britain 2002). The project focuses on the emergence of variation and its development as a function of age and gender by examining speakers' use of the phonological variables (dˁ), (ðˁ), (θ), (ð), (q), and the morphophonological feminine suffix (a), which are realized differently in urban and Bedouin dialects. Patterns of accommodation and register variation in the speech of these participants are also tested to further understand their linguistic behaviour and tap into their sociolinguistic awareness. Sociolinguistic interviews and a picture-naming task were carried out by two female fieldworkers, a local and an urban speaker, in order to elicit spontaneous data and examine variation patterns across different interlocutors and in diverse contexts. The general linear model was used to test the effect of age, gender, and their interaction on variation, and a paired-samples t test was employed to investigate the occurrence of accommodation with the urban interviewer and register variation in the picture task. Accommodation to the urban interviewer occurred in the realization of all variables. Style variation appeared in the realization of (dˁ), (q) and the plain interdentals. The most interesting patterns of variation were in relation to age and gender. Older speakers used the local variants more than younger speakers and girls generally favoured the urban variants. However, a further breakdown by age and gender revealed an intriguing pattern whereby gender differences were limited to speakers between the ages of 6 and 14. Use of the local variants showed a linear increase in the speech of boys older than 5. Girls, on the other hand, showed an increase in using the urban variants up to age 14 followed by a sharp decline, as older girls strongly favoured the local variants. This pattern persisted with all variables, but the degree of variation was dependent on specific variables as one might expect (Eckert 1997; Smith et al. 2007). For example, interdental fricative and (dˁ) showed the greatest amount of variation, with frequency and lexical diffusion (Bybee 2002) emerging as possible forces of change in the case of (θ) and (ð). In contrast, the morphophonological feminine suffix (a) was highly resistant to variation. Realizations of (q) ii showed a noticeable use of the standard variant, even when excluding lexical and phonological conditioning. This, together with an obvious awareness of the split between (dˁ) and (ðˁ), suggests a considerable influence of SA on the speech of young people in the community. Despite the tendency for females to favour prestigious variants (Cheshire 2002), the striking shift towards local variants by the oldest female group in the study is examined from the lens of an increasing national (Palestinian) identity as a key player in the linguistic choices of adolescents in the community.
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Levander, Gabriel. "A study of bai and tai : A sociolinguistic variation study of the sentence-final particles bai and tai used in the Fukuoka dialect." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Japanska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34488.
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This paper investigated the difference of usage of the sentence-final particles of bai and tai that are used in the Fukuoka dialect from a sociolinguistic variation study perspective. Social factors such as age, gender and social network were gathered through a survey, in which the results were analyzed, and patterns identified. The study showed that there is a decline in the usage of bai and tai, especially bai as many informants’ usage of the particle differed from what has been found from prior research. By looking at the different social factors, the study shows differences between how the sentence-final particles are used, especially in relation to gender and age. The study concluded that women from two out of three age groups tend to not use the particles while men and the third age group which are older informants tend to still use the particles. These results showed that there may be a language change within the Fukuoka dialect, but that more research needs to be conducted to say for sure, as there were not enough informants representing all age cohorts.
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Durian, David. "A New Perspective on Vowel Variation Across the 19th and 20th Centuries in Columbus, OH." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1356279130.
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D'Arpa, Daniel Sebastian. "DOMINICAN SPANISH IN CONTACT WITH ST. THOMAS ENGLISH CREOLE: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF SPEECH VARIATION ON ST. THOMAS, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/352711.
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SpanishPh.D.
This dissertation will demonstrate that a variety of Dominican Spanish in contact with St. Thomas English Creole (STTEC) revealed many features which are consistent with Dominican Spanish in other contact environments and some new features which are emerging as the result of uniquely STTEC influences. The most notable feature is the appearance of the vowel [ɛ] in Dominican Spanish, which in STTEC is highly indexical to St. Thomian identity. In the present sociolinguistic analysis, it was found that the variability of [ɛ] was significantly influenced by the following phonological segment, syllable stress, the language of the token, and the speakers’ social network ties and self-ascribed identity. This dissertation also includes a socio-historical background of St Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, a description of St Thomas English Creole, and a history of immigration patterns of people from the Dominican Republic to St Thomas, U.S.V.I.
Temple University--Theses
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Stewart, Lauren Marie. "Representation of Northern English and Scots in seventeenth century drama." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5988.
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Early Modern English (c. 1500-‐1700) is a difficult period for dialectological study. A dearth of textual evidence means that no comprehensive account of regional variation for this period can be attempted, and the field has therefore tended to be somewhat neglected. However, some evidence of regional varieties of English is provided by dialect representation in Early Modern drama. The dialogue of certain English and Scottish characters (and of those who impersonate them) is often marked linguistically as different from other characters: morphosyntactic forms, lexical items, and phonological features shown through variant spellings suggest dialectal usage in contrast to Standard English. This evidence, I argue, forms a legitimate basis on which to build at least a partial account of regional variation. The 47 plays analysed in this thesis were all written and/or printed between 1598 and 1705, and all feature examples of either Northern English or Scots dialect representation. From these examples we can build up a picture of some of the main phonological, morphosyntactic, and lexical elements of the seventeenth century dialects spoken in Scotland and northern England. Moreover, this literary evidence can help clarify and contextualise earlier scholarly work on the topic. The content of the plays themselves, along with the dialect representations, also provide sociocultural and sociolinguistic information about the perception of Scots and northerners and of the attitudes towards them across the country. In Chapter 1 I outline my methodology and provide a review of relevant literature, particularly focusing on other studies of dialect representation in drama. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the historical context for my linguistic data in seventeenth century Britain, including discussions of theatrical history in both England and Scotland, and of population movement and dialect contact. The Scottish dialect evidence is presented in Chapters 3 to 6. In Chapter 3, I give a chronological list of 33 plays featuring Scots dialect representation. In order to contextualise the plays, I provide background information about the author, printing, and performance history; a brief summary of the plot and a description of the dialect speaker; my assessment of the dialect representation; and if pertinent, commentary by other critics. I present and analyse the data from dramatic depictions of Scots, focusing on lexical items (Chapter 4), morphosyntactic features (Chapter 5), and phonological features as indicated by variant spellings (Chapter 6). I compare the literary data with linguistic reference works, including modern and historical dialect atlases, dictionaries, and dialect surveys. I also consult additional Early Modern sources and other reference works. The next four chapters focus on representations of dialects of northern England. These chapters follow the same format as the chapters on Scottish dialect: Chapter 7 contains a discussion of 15 seventeenth-‐century plays featuring representations of Northern English. Chapters 8, 9, and 10 mirror the structure of Chapters 4, 5, and 6, respectively, discussing lexical forms, and morphosyntactic and phonological features in representations of Northern English. I offer my conclusions in Chapter 11. With my detailed analysis of the data, I demonstrate that representations of regional usage in seventeenth century drama cannot be dismissed as stereotyped examples of a stage dialect, and that these literary data are worthy of being analysed linguistically. Although the quantity of dialect representation differs from one play to the next, and the quality covers a broad spectrum of linguistic accuracy, it nevertheless provides important information about non-‐standard dialects of northern England and Scotland in the seventeenth century.
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Marsh, Kim Wendy. "The performance of rural speakers of non-standard Afrikaans on the diagnostic evaluation of language variation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5296.
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Panarello, Annacristina. "Traducir el dialecto: técnicas y estrategias en las traducciones al español de la narrativa italiana moderna parcialmente dialectal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670716.
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La traducció de les varietats dialectals és un vessant dels estudis traductològics que ha estat tractat sumàriament per diversos autors, sense que s’hagi arribat, al dia d’avui, a una solució clara i definitiva sobre com el traductor hauria (o podria) afrontar aquest tipus de textos.Amb aquest treball no pretenem resoldre el problema, però volem fer llum sobre la tendència passada i present dels traductors espanyols en la traducció de la narrativa italiana en el marc temporal que va de finals del segle XIX fins al segle XXI i defensar la hipòtesi de l’aplicabilitat dels dialectes hispànics a la traducciò de las varietats geograficolingüístiques italianes.
Concretament, en aquest treball ens plantegem dos objectius.
El primer és de tipus descriptiu: analitzar com s’ han traduït las varietats dialectals en un corpus narratiu de traduccions de l’italià a l’espanyol, concretament traduccions de novel∙les els originals de les quals daten de la segona meitat del segle XIX, del segle XX o del XXI. Sense arribar a implementar una metodologia empiricoquantística, volem confirmar si, com creiem, molt majoritàriament s’ha optat per l’estandardització i fer una anàlisi mès detallada dels casos en els quals s’ha buscat una alternativa.
El segon objectiu és de tipus propositiu: elaborar una proposta traductiva per a afrontar las varietats lingüístiques italianas. Concretament, elaborarem una proposta que contempli l’ús de les varietats lingüístiques espanyoles, considerant-les des d’una perspectiva sociocultural i no necessàriament diatòpica. L’elaboració d’aquesta proposta preveu la adquisiciò de documentació i coneixements previs sobre la representació gràfica de las varietats dialectales espanyolas dins el polisistema lingüístic i literari espanyol.La traducción de las variedades dialectales es una vertiente de los estudios traductológicos abordada sumariamente por varios autores, sin que se haya llegado, hoy en día, a tener una solución clara y definitiva sobre cómo el traductor debería (o podría) afrontar este tipo de textos. Con este trabajo no pretendemos solucionar el problema, pero sí queremos arrojar luz sobre la tendencia pasada y vigente de los traductores españoles en la traducción de la narrativa italiana en el marco temporal que va desde finales del siglo XIX hasta el siglo XXI y defender la hipótesis de la aplicabilidad de los dialectos hispánicos a la traducción de las variedades geográfico-lingüísticas italianas. Concretamente, en el presente trabajo perseguimos dos objetivos. El primero es de orden descriptivo: analizar cómo se han traducido las variedades dialectales en un corpus narrativo de traducciones del italiano al español, concretamente traducciones de novelas cuyos originales datan de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, del siglo XX o del XXI. Sin llegar a implementar una metodología empírica, pretendemos confirmar si, como creemos, muy mayoritariamente se ha optado por la estandarización y hacer un análisis más detallado de los casos en que se ha buscado una alternativa a la misma. El segundo objetivo es de orden propositivo: elaborar una propuesta de traducción para afrontar las variedades lingüísticas italianas. Concretamente, elaboraremos una propuesta que contemple el uso de las variedades lingüísticas españolas, considerando las mismas desde una perspectiva socio-cultural y no necesariamente diatópica. La elaboración de dicha propuesta prevé la adquisición de documentación y conocimientos previos sobre la representación gráfica de variedades dialectales españolas dentro del polisistema lingüístico y literario español.
The translation of dialects and linguistic varieties is a branch of translation studies which has been briefly tackled by several authors. To date, a clear and definitive solution on how the translator should (or could) deal with this type of texts has not been found yet. This project does not claim to solve this problem, but aims to shed light on Spanish translators' past and current tradition in the translation of Italian novels in the period that goes from the second half of the XIX century to the XX and XXI centuries. We intend to defend the hypothesis of the possible application of Spanish dialects to the translation of Italian geographical-linguistic varieties. Concretely, we pursue two goals in this project. The first is a descriptive goal: the analysis of the translation of dialect varieties within a corpus of Italian novels and the corresponding Spanish translations, whose originals versions date back to the second half of the XIX century, to the XX and XXI centuries. Far from the implementation of a quantum-empirical methodology, we intend to prove if, as we do believe, the standardization of linguistic varieties is the most considered option within the Spanish translation tradition, and, besides, to proceed with a detailed analysis of those cases where an alternative option was proposed. The second goal concerns the elaboration of a translation proposal: we aim to propose a way to translate the Italian dialects into Spanish. Concretely, we aim to elaborate a translation model which includes the Spanish linguistic varieties, in the light of a socio-cultural perspective and not necessarily of a geographic correspondence. The elaboration of such a proposal requires specific material and a deep knowledge of the graphic representation of Spanish dialects within the Spanish linguistic and literary polysystem.
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Drummond, Rob John. "Sociolinguistic variation in a second language : the influence of local accent on the pronunciation of non-native English speakers living in Manchester." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sociolinguistic-variation-in-a-second-language-the-influence-of-local-accent-on-the-pronunciation-of-nonnative-english-speakers-living-in-manchester(614f2f75-4705-4cc0-a93a-4b1914a88e04).html.
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This study is an investigation into sociolinguistic variation in a second language. More specifically, it is an investigation into the extent to which speakers of English as a second language acquire particular features of the variety of English they are exposed to. The speakers in question are Polish migrants, and the variety of English is that found in Manchester, a city in the North West of England.The research uses data gathered from 41 participants who have been in Manchester for various lengths of time and who came to the UK for a wide range of reasons. The aim was to explore the extent to which local accent features are acquired by second language English speakers, and the linguistic and social factors which influence this acquisition. Methodologically, the research draws on practices from variationist sociolinguistics, but by using them in a second language context, the study has the additional aim of developing the link between these two areas of study. Four linguistic features were identified, on the basis of them each exhibiting local variants that differ from any pedagogical model of English the speakers will have been exposed to in Poland. All four demonstrated some degree of change towards the local variants in the speech of many of the participants, but to greatly differing degrees. Multiple regression analyses helped to determine which factors might be influencing the patterns of variation, with the social constraints of length of residence, level of English, gender, attitude, and identity among those believed to be playing a part. The thesis ends with a discussion exploring the implications of the findings in terms of existing and future research, and looks at how they might usefully be applied to situations outside that of academic linguistics.
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Hamdi, Rym. "La variation rythmique dans les dialectes arabes." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/hamdi_r.
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Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la phonétique acoustique expérimentale. À partir de la description des structures syllabiques observées en parole, nous proposons une analyse contrastive de l’organisation temporelle et rythmique de différents parlers arabes. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de décrire le continuum linguistique de l'espace arabophone à partir d’éléments prosodiques relatifs à la structuration temporelle et rythmique propre à chaque parler. Les travaux de recherches antérieurs qui se sont intéressés au rythme de la parole en arabe, ont toujours catégorisés les parlers arabes comme accentuels (stress-timed) par opposition à d’autres langues et/ou dialectes décrits comme syllabiques (syllable-timed) ou moraïques (mora-timed). Ces classifications, qui découlent essentiellement d'expériences psycho-acoustiques, soulignent le fait que la perception des différents types de rythme correspond à certaines propriétés phonologiques des langues telles que la structure syllabique, la réduction vocalique et le type d'accent. Plusieurs modèles ont tenté de trouver les corrélats acoustiques pour quantifier ces propriétés phonologiques et, par la suite, pour mesurer le rythme des langues. Ramus & al. (1999) et Grabe & al. (2000, 2002) ont montré que les classes du rythme perçu, peuvent être appréhendées à partir de certaines mesures instrumentales réalisées sur le signal (i. E. ΔC, ΔV, %V, rPVI, nPVI). Nous avons appliqué le modèle de Ramus et celui de Grabe sur un corpus de parole spontanée représentant six variétés dialectales arabes : marocain, algérien, tunisien, égyptien, libanais et jordaniens. Trois autres langues appartenant à des catégories rythmiques différentes ont également été étudiées : l’anglais, le français et le catalan. Les résultats obtenus à l’issue de cette étude comparative révèlent d’une part que les parlers arabes peuvent être discriminés sur la base de leurs propriétés rythmiques, ce qui va dans le sens de la notion de continuum rythmique ; et d’autre part qu’il existe une forte corrélation entre réduction vocalique et poids syllabique. Les valeurs observées permettent ainsi d’établir une distinction entre trois grandes zones dialectales : le Maghreb, le Moyen-Orient et une zone intermédiaire regroupant la Tunisie et l’Égypte. Enfin, bien que les résultats obtenus pour les trois autres langues, semblent rendre compte des classes de rythme décrites dans la littérature, les valeurs observées pour les différents parlers arabes semblent constituer une remise en question pertinente aux approches considérant les catégories rythmiques comme des ensembles discrets et absolus. Par ailleurs, l'approche phonologique du rythme prédit qu'une analyse de la complexité syllabique d'une langue devrait permettre de déterminer sa classe rythmique. Nous avons donc mis en place une étude typologique préliminaire visant à décrire les différentes structures syllabiques dans trois variétés dialectales arabes à partir d’un corpus de parole spontanée. Les résultats confirment une opposition pertinente entre les parlers maghrébins (i. E. Arabe marocain) privilégiant les structures syllabiques complexes et les parlers orientaux (i. E. Arabe libanais) préférant des structures simples et une syllabation ouverte. L'existence des valeurs intermédiaires pour le parler tunisien soutient l'idée que les dialectes arabes forment un continuum. Ces derniers résultats corroborent la notion de sous-classes rythmiquesThis work, based on experimental phonetics (i. E. Acoustics), aims at addressing the Arabic linguistic continuum in the light of prosodic parameters. More precisely, we put forward a comparative analysis of temporal and rhythmic organization in several Arabic dialects. Previous studies dealing with speech rhythm consistently categorized Arabic dialects as stress-timed languages as opposed to syllable-timed and/or mora-timed languages. These classifications, developed on the basis of perceptual experiments, consider that the perception of these different rhythms rests on the treatment of some phonological properties such as syllabic structure, vowel reduction and/or stress pattern. Several models tried to find out acoustic correlates for rhythm in order to quantify these phonological properties and thus, to measure the rhythm of language. Within this frame, Ramus (1999) and Grabe (2000, 2002) suggested different variables (i. E. ΔC, ΔV, %V, rPVI, nPVI). In this work, we applied these two models to a corpus of spontaneous speech in six different Arabic dialects (i. E. Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Egyptian, Lebanese and Jordanian) as well as in three non-Afro-Asiatic languages that are: French, English and Catalan. Our results show that syllable structures, syllabic weight and vocalic reduction can be used as reliable cues to elaborate a typology of Arabic dialects on the basis of their prosodic characteristics and to discriminate between different varieties of Arabic. We were thus able to distinguish between three different dialectal areas: Western vs. Eastern vs. Intermediate. The fact that geographically intermediate dialects such as Tunisian and/or Egyptian Arabic exhibit intermediate values for the parameters investigated provides further support for the suggestion that Arabic dialects form a continuum with regard to rhythmic patterns. Finally, though the distribution of French, English and Catalan along the rhythmic continuum confirms the existence of different rhythmic categories, the differentiated distribution of our six Arabic dialects along the same scale brings into question the notion of discrete and absolute categories for rhythm
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Read, Andrew. "Translating and adapting fictional speech : the case of Philip Pullman's 'Northern Lights'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/translating-and-adapting-fictional-speech-the-case-of-philip-pullmans-northern-lights(3dff0298-ca8a-4795-9bed-cc0c3a69cabc).html.
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This thesis is an examination of the effects of translation into French and of adaptation for the stage, in English, on the dialogue of Philip Pullman’s novel Northern Lights (published in North America as The Golden Compass). The study focuses on the speech of Lyra, the novel’s protagonist, in terms of both its linguistic qualities and the functions it supports within the novel and the trilogy of which it forms part, His Dark Materials. The study aims to identify the ways in which not just the linguistic surface of fictional speech is affected by translation and adaptation but also the degree to which the roles played by the dialogue in the source text are reflected or transformed in the different versions. The unusual research design, involving a comparison of the effects of interlingual translation and intermedial adaptation on the same text, consists of two main elements. In the first quantitative section, the relative incidence of three variables is measured for the purposes of identifying how features of spoken style and non-standard variation are treated. This analysis is followed by a detailed qualitative evaluation of a small number of dialogue passages that exemplify the key linguistic features and likely textual functions of Lyra’s speech in the novel. The passages concerned are compared with equivalent stretches of dialogue in the French translation and the theatrical script. The study finds evidence to suggest that Pullman uses dialogue in support of characterisation, plot, and also ideological and intertextual concerns. All of these aspects are affected, in subtle but significant ways, by the different decisions made by the translator and the dramatist in respect of Lyra’s speech. The study also finds that aspects of both user-related and situation-related variation in fictional speech may be worthy of further research.
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Alshahwan, Majid. "Speech characteristics of Arabic speakers : dialect variations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13296/.
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Arabic is spoken by more than 280 million people around the world and has been subject to attention in a number of acoustic phonetic studies. However, there are a limited number of studies on Gulf Arabic dialects and the majority of these studies have focused mainly on male speakers. Therefore, this study aimed to explore two Gulf Arabic dialects, the central Najdi dialect from Saudi Arabia and the Bahraini Bahraini dialect from Bahrain. It aimed to establish normative data for the Diadochokinetic Rate (DDK), Voice Onset Time (VOT), Fundamental Frequency (F0) and Formant Frequencies (F1-F3) for male (n = 40) and female (n = 40) speakers from both dialects. Furthermore, it aimed to investigate whether there are differences between the two dialects. Another direction of the research was to examine whether differences between male and female speech will be evident in both dialects. The study was accomplished using different stimuli where the monosyllables /ba, da, ga/ and a multisyllabic sequence /badaga/ were selected to analyse the DDK rates. VOT duration was examined in monosyllablic minimal pair words containing the initial voiced stops /b, d/ and the three long vowels /a:, i:, u:/, and in words containing the initial voiceless stops /t, k/, initial voiced/voiceless stops /d, t/ and plain/emphatic alveolar stops /t, t*/ and the two long vowels /i:, u:/. F0 was examined in the sustained phonation of the /a, i, u/, vowels in the words presented earlier and in sentences from the Arabic version of “The North Wind and the Sun” (Thelwall & Sa’Adeddin, 1990) and two verses from the first chapter of the Quran. F1, F2 and F3 values were examined in the sustained phonation of individual vowels and in vowels in the words described earlier. Acoustic analysis was carried out by using Praat (Boersma & Weenink, 2013). A series of mixed model ANOVAs were performed to investigate dialect and sex differences for each of the parameters. Dialect and sex were the main independent variables; however, additional variables were assessed (syllable type, voicing, vowel context, place of articulation and emphasis). The first aim has been met, with normative data being established for males and females from both dialects. The results showed that for each of the parameters (DDK, VOT, F0 and formant frequencies), the dialect differences as well as the degree of differences were dependent on the stimuli type. Furthermore, sex differences were apparent for F0, F1, F2 and F3 where males had lower frequencies than females in all tasks. In addition, the results showed that females had longer VOT durations than males for voiceless stops; and in the initial emphatic /t≥/ context; males had longer VOT duration than females. However, there were no differences between male and female speakers with regard to the DDK rates, and in the VOT analysis, initial voiced stops did not show an effect for dialect and sex. Furthermore, the impact of other variables other than dialect and sex are discussed. In conclusion, dialect, and to a lesser extent, sex differences in the Arabic dialects under study, are dependent on the stimulus type. The study also showed that emphatic /t*/ might help in differentiating between different Arabic dialects.
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Del, Giudice Philippe. "Réflexion préliminaire à la réalisation d'un dictionnaire du dialecte niçois." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2035.
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Que serait un bon dictionnaire du dialecte occitan de Nice ? Afin de répondre à cette question, la Réflexion préliminaire articule un propos théorique de nature métalexicographique et linguistique avec une étude ciblée du champ d’application dialectal. Sur le plan théorique, le modèle général d’élaboration et d’analyse des outils lexicographiques que l’on propose est couplé à une étude de la problématique dialectale. Un retour sur les aspects fondamentaux de la linguistique du signe complète le tout. Il montre que le dictionnaire – dialectal en particulier – gagne à adopter le point de vue de la sémantique motivation¬nelle, selon laquelle le caractère essentiellement arbitraire des unités lexi¬cales doit être réfuté. Conformément à la méthode fondamentale suggérée dans la mise au point théorique, le développe¬ment s’intéresse en détail au contexte lexicographique puis aux configurations linguistique et socio¬linguistique du dialecte niçois. L’analyse historico-critique insiste sur la diversité des dictionnaires occitans et sur les limites d’une lexicographie d’oc qui, depuis la fin de son âge d’or (de 1840 au début du XXe siècle) a cessé de développer des méthodes innovantes. Ce panorama lexicographique débouche sur l’inventaire de nou¬veaux besoins. L’étude (socio)linguistique qui le suit s’attache à définir l’espace dialectal niçois, à présenter les modalités de la variation et à circonscrire l’état de langue actuel. Elle aboutit à une proposition de structuration des données protéiformes qui repose sur la désignation (et sur l’élaboration) d’une variété référentielle. L’échantillon du Dictionnaire variationnel du niçois constitue le point d’orgue de la réflexionWhat would characterize a good dictionary of Nice’s Occitan dialect? To answer this question, this PhD dissertation links a theoretical approach of a metalexicographical and linguistic nature with a targeted study of the specific dialectal field of application. On the theoretical level, the thesis proposes a general model for the development and analysis of lexicographical tools that is coupled with a study of the dialectal problematic. A return to the basic aspects of the linguistic sign completes the whole and shows that a dictionary – especially a dialectal one – benefits greatly from the adoption of the motivational semantics point of view, according to which the arbitrary character of lexical units must be refuted. Following the basic method suggested in the theoretical section, the development also examines the lexicographical context and then studies in detail the linguistic and sociolinguistic configurations of the Niçois dialect. The historico-critical analysis insists on the diversity of Occitan dictionaries and on the limits of an Occitan lexicography which, since the end of its golden age (from 1840 to the beginning of the 20th century) has ceased to develop innovative methods. This lexicographical panorama leads to an inventory of new needs. The (socio-)linguistic study which follows sets out to define the dialectal space of Niçois, to present the modalities of variation and to circumscribe the current state of the language. It concludes with a proposal for the structuring of protean data based on the designation (and on the elaboration) of a referential variety. A sample of the Variational Dictionary of Niçois is the culmination of the study
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Gonzalez, Johnson Aracelis Maydee. "Dialectal Allophonic Variation in L2 Pronunciation." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/783.
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This thesis investigated the realization of the English voiceless post-alveolar affricate and the voiceless post-alveolar fricative in native Panamanian speakers learning English as a second language. The Spanish of Panama has a typical deaffrication process where the post-alveolar affricate phoneme is mostly pronounced as a fricative; as a result, the Spanish affricate has two allophones, the voiceless post-alveolar affricate and the voiceless post-alveolar fricative that occur in free variation in the Spanish of Panama. The word positions tested were word initially and finally only. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine the dominant sound in the Spanish of Panama, to identify dialectal allophonic transfer from the Spanish of Panama, and to verify the accomplishment of the phonemic split in English through the frequency of usage of the target sounds. Subsequently, in order to exemplify the deaffrication phonological process of Panama, I developed and discussed a Feature Geometry of the Spanish language along with the Underspecified consonants of the Spanish language. In addition, I tested three main theories about acquisition of contrastive target sounds, Markedness, and similarity and dissimilarity of sounds. The results showed that these Panamanian learners of English produced the English voiceless post-alveolar fricative significantly more target appropriately than the English voiceless post-alveolar affricate. This indicates that the dominant sound in the Spanish of Panama is the dialectal allophone, the voiceless post-alveolar fricative, which I suggest may become the default post-alveolar phoneme in the Spanish of Panama. Subsequently, the high frequency of the voiceless post-alveolar fricative also indicates that the participants transferred their Panamanian Spanish dialectal allophone, the voiceless post-alveolar fricative, into English and more importantly, they have not reached the phonemic split for these two English target sounds. Taking the dialectal allophone, the voiceless post-alveolar fricative, as the default post-alveolar phoneme in the Spanish of Panama, The Markedness Differential Hypothesis (Eckman, 1977) accounts for the observed trends described as follows: the learning of the less marked sound (English voiceless post-alveolar fricative) was easier to acquire and the learning of the more marked sound (English voiceless post-alveolar affricate) was difficult to acquire.
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Akka, Mohammed. "Contact inter-dialectes, variation intra-dialecte : perméabilité au berbère du parler d'une population arabophone du Haouz de Marrakech : les Nouasser de Chichaoua." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H017.
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Parti des résultats d'une enquête de l. Galand effectuée en 1953 dans l'extrémité occidentale du Haouz de Marrakech, nous nous sommes surtout attarde sur les perspectives de recherche qu'elle a permis d'ouvrir; ces perspectives convergent toutes vers l'opportunité de mener une série de travaux permettant de jeter un éclairage sur l'interaction de l'arabe et du berbère dans une région ou le contact entre populations arabophones et berbérophones est multiséculaire. Considérant l'étendue et la délicatesse des problèmes lies à cette question, nous avons limite notre ambition à l'examen d'un seul aspect de l'interaction : la perméabilité de l'arabe au berbère. Doutant de la possibilité d'arrêter de façon absolue les éléments et structurations qui constitueraient le pendant systémique du contact entre les dites populations, nous avons formule une hypothèse rattachant le degré de perméabilité au berbère des variétés arabophones a la proximité ou non de leur aire d'usage de zones berbérophones. Nous avisant, parallèlement, des risques qu'il y a à arrêter arbitrairement ces éléments et structurations, nous avons confronté au berbère les parlers de deux populations arabophones évoluant l'une dans une zone de contact (i. E. à composante berbérophone), l'autre dans un contexte exclusivement arabophone. Ainsi, la mesure de la perméabilité est-elle établie en fonction des divergences et convergences constatées en regard du berbère considère dans notre perspective comme système de référenceStarting from an investigation made by l. Galand in 1953 in the western end of the Haouz of Marrakesh, we mostly dwelt on the prospects of research that it made possible; all those prospects converge toward the opportunity of conducting a series of works which shed light on the interaction of Arabic and Berber in a region where the contact between Arabic speaking and Berber speaking communities dates back to several centuries. Taking into account the extent and the difficulty of the problems related to this matter, we have limited our pursuit to the study of one aspect to the interaction, i. E. , the permeability of Arabic to Berber. Being dubious as to the possibility of defining - in absolute terms - the elements and the various levels of structuring that would constitute the systemic correlates of the contact between the aforementioned communities, we have formulated a hypothesis relating the degree of permeability of Arabic varieties to Berber to the proximity or lack of proximity of their area of usage to the Berber speaking zones. Furthermore, being aware of the risks inherent to arbitrarily drawing up those elements and levels of structuring, we have confronted the varieties of two Arabic speaking communities to Berber, one in a contact zone (i. E. , with a Berber speaking component), the other in an exclusively Arabic-speaking context. Thus, the measure of permeability is established in terms of the divergences and convergences noticed in relation to Berber, which is considered in our research as a system of reference.
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Cheung, Wing-ki Jovy. "Variation in the production of alveolar fricative /s/ in Hong Kong Cantonese." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholors Hub, 2005. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38279083.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2005." Also available in print.
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Dawson, Alain. "Variation phonologique et cohésion dialectale en picard : vers une théorie des correspondances dialectales." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20058.
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Au travers du cas du picard, nous explorons les mécanismes phonologiques qui assurent la cohésion dialectale d’une langue, dans le cadre de la Théorie de l’Optimalité et de la Théorie des Correspondances. L’essentiel de la recherche porte sur la palatalisation des occlusives vélaires, source d’une alternance dialectale complexe en picard. Après examen des facteurs de cohésion extralinguistiques, une première analyse OT s’appuie sur l’hypothèse de la dialectologie générative selon laquelle la cohésion dialectale est dévolue à des formes sous-jacentes communes. Cette approche se heurte cependant à certains cas d’opacité. On fait ensuite appel, dans le cadre de la Théorie des Correspondances, à un nouveau type de correspondances entre variétés en contact. La cohésion dialectale s’établit à la fois sur les plans de la perception et de la production. Cette approche est enfin testée sur un autre fait de variation en picard : l’alternance voyelle-zéro, dans une phonologie surface seuleThrough the example of the Picard language I explore the phonological mechanisms which ensure dialectal cohesion within a language, in the framework of Optimality Theory and Correspondence Theory. The core part of my research deals with palatalization of velar stops, which induces a complex dialectal alternation in Picard. I first examine the extralinguistic factors of cohesion, then I propose an OT analysis based upon the hypothesis of generative dialectology: dialectal cohesion is due to the existence of common underlying forms. This approach, however, fails to explain certain cases of opacity. In the framework of Correspondence Theory, I propose a new type of correspondence between varieties in contact. Dialectal cohesion is grounded in both perception and production. I also test this approach in a surface-only phonology to solve another case of variation in Picard: vowel-zero alternation
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Zariquiey, Roberto, Alonso Vásquez, and Gabriela Tello. "Lenguas y dialectos pano del Purús: una aproximación filogenética." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/103273.
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El presente artículo ofrece una propuesta de clasificación de las variedades lingüísticas pertenecientes a la familia lingüística pano habladas en la provincia del Purús (región Ucayali, Perú). Los datos empleados recogen información léxica sobre nueve de estas variedades lingüísticas e información gramatical sobre ocho de ellas. Este material ha sido analizado empleando métodos filogenéticos y demuestra la pertinencia de agrupar a todas estas lenguas en un subgrupo al interior de la familia pano. Sin embargo, los resultados revelan una contradicción entre los datos provenientes del léxico y los datos provenientes de la gramática: los primeros sugieren la existencia de tres unidades lingüísticas bien delimitadas, mientras que los segundos sugieren la existencia de cuatro. Esto abre interesantespreguntas en torno a la posible existencia de un continuo dialectal yaminawa. Finalmente, este artículo discute la posición de la lengua iskonawa (una lengua pano obsolescente) en relación con las lenguas del Purús. Los datos muestran que el iskonawa exhibe una fuerte base purusina, que nos lleva a postularlo como una lengua muy cercana a las lenguas habladas en el Purús.The present paper aims to provide a classification of the Panoan linguistic varieties spoken in the province of Purus (Ucayali, Peru). The data covers lexical information coming from nine Panoan linguistic varieties of the Purus province, as well as grammatical information taken from eight of them. The data have been analyzed using phylogenetic methods and show the need of including all these languages in a single Panoan subgroup. The results, however, show inconsistent trends between the lexical and the grammatical data: lexical data suggest the existence of three well-defined linguistic units, while the grammatical data point towards the existence of four. This fact opens interesting questions regarding the so-called Yaminawadialectal continuum. Finally, this paper discusses the position of Iskonawa (an obsolescent Panoan language) in relation to the languages of Purus. The data shows that Iskonawa is closely-related to the languages of the Purus region.
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Klemola, K. J. "Non-standard periphrastic DO : a study in variation and change." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336883.
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Eliasson, Andreas. "Språklig variation i svenskundervisning : En studie om hur språklig variation, dialekter och sociolekter behandlas i Svenska 1 av utvalda lärare och läroböcker." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99511.
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The aim of this study is to look at the way four teachers in, and five workbooks for, the course Svenska 1/A+B in upper-secondary schools include language varieties in their content. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the workbooks, where words and content are examined, and also interviews with the teachers who presents how they work with language varieties in their education. The results show that language varieties are accepted in school-education at the same time as they are, and have been, alienated in a way. The results also show that language varieties are less prioritized than other areas of education in the same subject.
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Wong, Suet-yin. "Phonological variation the case of the syllable-final velar nasal in Cantonese /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31940912.
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Jarabo-Lorenzo, Fernando. "Sociolinquistic variation and change in the Spanish of Santa Cruz de Tenerife." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299631.
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Schaeffler, Felix. "Phonological Quantity in Swedish Dialects : Typological Aspects, Phonetic Variation and Diachronic Change." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Philosophy and Linguistics, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-587.
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Paulsrud, Emil. "Dialektal variation och förändring i Mora : Individuell variation som grund för språklig förändring." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201872.
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I den här undersökningen tittar jag närmare på dialektutjämningen i Mora genom en studie av två personers språkliga repertoar. Särskilt studeras individuell variation som grund för språklig förändring. I uppsatsen jämför jag språkbruket hos en äldre och en yngre informant, en mor och en vuxen son, i olika samtalssituationer. Den yngre informanten studeras därtill närmare för att se hur dennes individuella variation i tre olika samtalssituationer kan visa på språkliga förändringar i området. Utifrån undersökningen av informanternas språk kan jag visa att Mora-området präglas av en utjämningsprocess. Denna tar sig uttryck dels i att användandet av den traditionella dialekten minskar, dels i att flera traditionella dialektdrag minskar i användning mellan generationerna. Dessutom visar studien av den yngre informantens individuella variation på samma utjämningsprocess där han är mer dialektal i samtal med mer dialektala samtalsdeltagare medan han blir mindre kategoriskt dialektal och använder färre dialektala drag i andra samtalssituationer. Vidare visar en genomgång av den yngre informantens sociala nätverk kopplat till språkanvändning att den traditionella dialektens domäner minskar. I de sammanhang där traditionell dialekt tidigare var de självklara samtalsspråket gäller inte detta längre på samma sätt.
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Tsang, Wai-lan, and 曾慧蘭. "Variation in the use of the particle ge in Hong Kong Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893831.
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Wong, Suet-yin, and 黃雪妍. "Phonological variation: the case of the syllable-final velar nasal in Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31940912.
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Tsang, Wai-lan. "Variation in the use of the particle ge in Hong Kong Cantonese." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18678026.
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Lipscomb, David Robert. "Non-linear phonology and variation theory." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61817.
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