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Journal articles on the topic 'Dialect variation'
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1
Lu, Yu-An. "The effect of dialectal variation on word recognition." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 20, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 535–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00048.lu.
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Abstract Previous studies on Chinese dialect variation have mostly focused on the description of dialects, the regions where these dialects are spoken, attitudes towards dialects, and acoustic differences across dialects. The present study draws on experimental evidence concerning a vowel difference in two Taiwan Southern Min (TSM) dialects to provide more understanding on how non-contrastive, dialectal variations may affect speakers’ processing of speech. The variation of interest is a phonemic difference, [ə] and [ɔ], in the vowel inventory in two TSM dialects, in which the difference signals a lexical contrast in one dialect (e.g. [ə-a] ‘oyster’ vs. [ɔ-a] ‘taro’) but not in the other ([ɔ-a] ‘oyster, taro’). A long-term repetition-priming experiment investigating the word recognition involving the two vowels revealed a dialect effect on TSM speakers’ word recognition in accordance with prior exposure, native-ness and variant frequency. Implications of the findings are provided.
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WAGNER, LAURA, CYNTHIA G. CLOPPER, and JOHN K. PATE. "Children's perception of dialect variation." Journal of Child Language 41, no. 5 (August 28, 2013): 1062–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000330.
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ABSTRACTA speaker's regional dialect is a rich source of information about that person. Two studies examined five- to six-year-old children's perception of regional dialect: Can they perceive differences among dialects? Have they made meaningful social connections to specific dialects? Experiment 1 asked children to categorize speakers into groups based on their accent; Experiment 2 asked them to match speakers to (un)familiar cultural items. Each child was tested with two of the following: the child's Home dialect, a Regional variant of that dialect, and a Second-Language variant. Results showed that children could successfully categorize only with a Home vs. Second-Language dialect contrast, but could reliably link cultural items with either a Home vs. Second-Language or a Regional vs. Second-Language dialect contrast. These results demonstrate five- to six-year-old children's developing perceptual skill with dialect, and suggest that they have a gradient representation of dialect variation.
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Fanselow, Gisbert, Reinhold Kliegl, and Matthias Schlesewsky. "Syntactic variation in German wh-questions." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2005 5 (December 31, 2005): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.5.03fan.
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This paper reports three experiments concerning variation in the grammar of German wh-questions. We found much variation but no clear dialects in the acceptability ratings of sentences violating the weak crossover condition. We attribute this variation to extra-grammatical factors. With a sentence completion task, we were able to show that there is regional variation concerning the scope of wh-movement. In a training experiment, we were also able to make speakers of the restrictive dialect behave like speakers of the liberal dialect with respect to wh-movement. We argue that this suggests an extragrammatical explanation of the dialectal difference.
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Chineze, Nwagalaku, Obiora Harriet Chinyere, and Christopher Chinedu Nwike. "Linguistic Variation and Change in Nawfija Speech Community." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1205.13.
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The focus of this study is on linguistic change and variation in the Nawfija speech community. It distinguished dialect from other similar words and contrasted the traditional Igbo dialect with the Nawfija dialect of the Igbo language on an equal footing. The types of dialectal variations found in the Igbo Nawfija dialect were investigated in this study, as well as the question of dialect supremacy. For the creation of standard Igbo, some suggestions have been made.
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McCully, Chris B., and Richard M. Hogg. "Dialect Variation and Historical Metrics." Diachronica 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.11.1.04mcc.
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SUMMARY The form and distribution of Middle English poetic texts is neither accidental nor the sole consequence of French (or Latin) literary influence. In particular, we claim that changes in poetic form are enabled by language change, specifically and in the Middle English period by changes in word- and phrase-stress patterning. Such linguistic changes initially take place in different dialects at different rates. Since dialects show at least partial synchronic isomorphism between phonological and metrical forms, it is reasonable to explore the consequences of such isomorphism in Middle English, and come to some (tentative) conclusions about the metres, the alliterative patterning, and the di-atopic variation in Middle English verse. We include data and analyses connected with the coming of systematic rhyme, different forms of alliterative writing, metrical promotion and subordination, and isosyllabism. These help to justify the initial assumptions that dialect variation is metrically significant and that poetic form and change is enabled by changes in stress-patterning. RÉSUMÉ La forme et la disuibution des textes poétiques du moyen anglais n'est ni le résultat d'un accident ni entièrement la conséquence de l'influence littéraire française (ou latine). Nous prétendons, en particulier, que les changements dans la forme poétique deviennent possibles grâce aux changements dans la langue, plus spécifiquement, durant la période du moyen anglais, grâce aux changements au niveau de l'accentuation des mots et des phrases. Initialement, de tels changements linguistiques se produisent dans des dialectes différents et à des vitesses différentes. Puisque les dialectes démontrent un isomorphisme du moins partiellement synchronique entre les formes phonologiques et métriques, il semblerait raisonnable d'explorer les conséquences d'un tel isomorphisme en anglais moyen et d'en venir à quelques conclusions préliminaires sur sa métricité, son allitération et sa variation diatopique. Nous incluons, par ailleurs, les données et les analyses reliées à l'avènement de la rime systématique, aux diverses formes d'allitération, à la promotion et subordination métrique, aussi bien qu'à l'isosyllabisme. Tout cela contribue à justifier les suppositions initiales, voire que la variation dialectale a une importance de nature métrique et que la forme ainsi que le changement poétique sont motivés par des changements au niveau de l'accentuation. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Art und Verbreitung der mittelenglischen Literatur ist weder zufällig noch als das Ergebnis franzosischer (oder lateinischer) Einflüsse anzusehen. In diesem Aufsatz wird vornehmlich die Auffassung vertreten, daß Ânderungen in der dichterischen Form durch Sprachwandel ermoglicht werden. Während der mittelenglischen Periode geschah dies vor allem durch Ânderungen im Be-tonungsmuster von Wörtem und Wortgruppen. Solche sprachlichen Veränderungen traten in den verschiedenen Dialekten weder gleichzeitig noch regel-maßig auf. Da die Dialekte synchron gesehen zumindest teilweise eine Isomor-phie zwischen phonologischen und metrischen Strukturen aufweisen, lassen sich im Mittelenglischen einige Folgen dieser Isomorphic untersuchen. Sie erlauben zumindest einige vorläufige Schliisse iiber Metrik, Stabreimmuster und diatopische Varianten in der mittelenglischen Dichtung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurden Materialien und Analysen berücksichtigt, die sowohl mit dem Auftreten des Endreims als auch mit den verschiedenen Formen der Stabreim-dichtung zusammenhängen, etwa mit dem Isosyllabismus und der metrischen Profilierung oder Unterordnung. Dièse bestätigen großtenteils unsere An-nahmen, da8 Verschiedenenheiten innerhalb der Dialekte fur die Metrik von Bedeutung sind und da6 der Wandel in der poetischen Ausdrucksform durch Ànderungen im Wortbetonungsmuster ermoglicht wird.
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Heeringa, Wilbert, and John Nerbonne. "Dialect areas and dialect continua." Language Variation and Change 13, no. 3 (October 2001): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394501133041.
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The organizing concept behind dialect variation is still seen predominantly as the areas within which similar varieties are spoken. The opposing view—that dialects are organized in a continuum without sharp boundaries—is likewise popular. This article introduces a new element into the discussion, which is the opportunity to view dialectal differences in the aggregate. We employ a dialectometric technique that provides an additive measure of pronunciation difference: the (aggregate) pronunciation distance. This allows us to determine how much of the linguistic variation is accounted for by geography. In our sample of 27 Dutch towns and villages, the variation ranges between 65% and 81%, which lends credence to the continuum view. The borders of well-established dialect areas nonetheless show large deviations from the expected aggregate pronunciation distance. We pay particular attention to a puzzle concerning the subjective perception of continua introduced by Chambers and Trudgill (1998): a traveller walking in a straight line from village to village notices successive small changes, but seldom, if ever, observes large differences. This sounds like a justification of the continuum view, but there is an added twist. Might the traveller be misled by the perspective of most recent memory? We use the Chambers–Trudgill puzzle to organize our argument at several points.
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Alsharhan, Eiman, and Allan Ramsay. "Investigating the effects of gender, dialect, and training size on the performance of Arabic speech recognition." Language Resources and Evaluation 54, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 975–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-020-09505-5.
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Abstract Research in Arabic automatic speech recognition (ASR) is constrained by datasets of limited size, and of highly variable content and quality. Arabic-language resources vary in the attributes that affect language resources in other languages (noise, channel, speaker, genre), but also vary significantly in the dialect and level of formality of the spoken Arabic they capture. Many languages suffer similar levels of cross-dialect and cross-register acoustic variability, but these effects have been under-studied. This paper is an experimental analysis of the interaction between classical ASR corpus-compensation methods (feature selection, data selection, gender-dependent acoustic models) and the dialect-dependent/register-dependent variation among Arabic ASR corpora. The first interaction studied in this paper is that between acoustic recording quality and discrete pronunciation variation. Discrete pronunciation variation can be compensated by using grapheme-based instead of phone-based acoustic models, and by filtering out speakers with insufficient training data; the latter technique also helps to compensate for poor recording quality, which is further compensated by eliminating delta-delta acoustic features. All three techniques, together, reduce Word Error Rate (WER) by between 3.24% and 5.35%. The second aspect of dialect and register variation to be considered is variation in the fine-grained acoustic pronunciations of each phoneme in the language. Experimental results prove that gender and dialect are the principal components of variation in speech, therefore, building gender and dialect-specific models leads to substantial decreases in WER. In order to further explore the degree of acoustic differences between phone models required for each of the dialects of Arabic, cross-dialect experiments are conducted to measure how far apart Arabic dialects are acoustically in order to make a better decision about the minimal number of recognition systems needed to cover all dialectal Arabic. Finally, the research addresses an important question: how much training data is needed for building efficient speaker-independent ASR systems? This includes developing some learning curves to find out how large must the training set be to achieve acceptable performance.
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Martínez, Glenn. "Classroom Based Dialect Awareness in Heritage Language Instruction: A Critical Applied Linguistic Approach." Heritage Language Journal 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2003): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.1.1.3.
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The present paper argues that while the Spanish for Heritage Learners (SHL) profession has given ample attention to sociolinguistic issues such as linguistic standards and language variation in teacher training, it has not yet given sufficient attention to the promotion of dialect awareness among heritage learners themselves. After discussing the role of dialect in heritage language pedagogy, I review some of the ways in which dialect awareness has been fostered in existing SHL textbooks and ancillary materials. I argue that these approaches can be sharpened by attending to the social functions of language variation. I present a critical applied linguistic approach to dialect awareness that focuses on the indexical aspects of language variation in society. I discuss three strands of this approach to dialect awareness: functions of dialects, distributions of dialects, and evaluation of dialects. Finally, I suggest some activities to present these strands in a first year college level Spanish for heritage learners class.
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Fukushima. "Interplay of Phonological, Morphological, and Lexical Variation: Adjectives in Japanese Dialects." Languages 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4020031.
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This paper examines the interplay of phonological, morphological, and lexical variation focusing on adjectives in Japanese dialects. Previous studies of adjectives in the Niigata dialects of the Japanese language analyzed the ongoing changes in dialectal variation amongst the young generation of Japanese. In this paper, the data derived from the geolinguistic survey and dialect dictionaries are used to verify the estimated changes in phonological, morphological, and lexical variation. The variation of adjectives is examined by classifying forms with regard to the distinction between standard/dialectal forms. The phonological types of adjectives played a role in the interpretation of the phonological variation and change. Most changes of phonological types are phonologically explained but include change by analogy. The lexical variation is intertwined with phonological variation and morphological variation. The morphological distributions which vary according to the conjugation form are one example of lexical diffusion.
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Kuznetsova, Elena V. "Semantic variation in the word-building nest: linguo-geographical aspect." Neophilology, no. 22 (2020): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-22-250-261.
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The research is devoted to dialect meteorological vocabulary of the Volgograd region dialects, presented on the linguistic maps of the electronic atlas. The lexemes included in the word-building nest with the roots -hmur-, -hmar-, -hmor- are studied. The methods of cartography and recartography of language material are used: structural and semantic features of dialectisms, their place in the Russian national language system, structural and semantic variation by comparing the material of several maps of the dialect atlas are analyzed. The analysis of the material is carried out taking into account the linguo-geographical landscape of the Volgograd region, which was reflected in the conclusions of the article: the map material shows the great semantic and word-building activity of the vocabulary in the late resettlement dialects of the region. We have developed a methodology for the comprehensive analysis of dialect material, which allows to realize the diagnostic capabilities of linguistic dialect maps: tracking the ranges of lexemes, word-building nests, word-building models, as well as the semantic volume of dialect lexemes. The methodology can be applied to the study of any other thematic vocabulary of any region.
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Ridwan, Ridwan, Farida Maricar, Sunaidin Ode Mulae, and Sherly Asriyani. "PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION OF TALIABU LANGUAGE DIALECTS." RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 13, no. 1 (February 23, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v13i1.9266.
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This research aimed to describe the phonological variation of Taliabu language dialects. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The technique of data collection was obtained by taking notes, records, and interviews. Data obtained was analyzed by the stages of reduction, presentation, conclusion, and verification data. The result of the research showed that Taliabu language had three dialects, namely Kadai, Siboyo, and Mange. Phonological variations of Taliabu language occurred in the three dialects comprise of vowel variations, namely /e/, /a/, and /o/. Beside the vowel variation, there is also variation of consonants such as /g/, /y/, /h/, /t/, /d/, / m/, /ŋ/, /b/, /p/, /k/, dan /r/ phonemes. Among the three dialects, one of them has high innovation namely Mange dialect, meanwhile, dialects have high phonological differences between Kadai and Mange dialects.
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Patriantoro, Patriantoro. "The Geography of Dayak Dialect in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.300.
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The aims of this research entitled “The Geography of Dayak Dialect in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan” were to describe lexical variation, calculate the difference in lexical variation between observation points, map lexical variation, and create isogloss documents lexically. The form of this research was descriptive qualitative; the source of data for the Dayak language used in Landak was the native speakers of Dayak language. The methods used for data analysis were synchronous comparative method and triangular comparative technique between villages; while the formula used to analyze the data was the Dialectometric. The results from the data analysis, difference in lexical variation calculation between observation of Dayak language in Landak regency indicated that there found language differences, dialect differences, sub-dialect differences speech differences and no differences. Different lexical variations existed in the study area. There found 2 languages from the mapping of lexical variations of the Dayak language in Landak Regency. The first language included 4 observation points (Air Besar/Serimbu) called as S language (Serimbu) and the second language at observation points ((1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 / Sompak, Darit, Landak, Pahoman, Sengah Temila, and Mandor ) is referred to as the K language (Kanayatn). The K (Kanayatn) languge itself has 2 dialects, namely first dialect at the Observation point (3) Landak (members of Landak), the second dialect at the point of observation (1,2,5,6,7) Darit dialect (members of Sompak, Darit, Pahoman, Sengah Temila, and darit). The lexical isogloss documents separated the different language area with the percentage of 80.1%-100%; dialect areas 50.1%-80%; sub-dialect area 30.1%-50%; regional different in speech 20.1%-50%; and no difference with the range of 0-20%.
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Chiang, Chia-lu. "Cantonese Sound Variations at the Sino-Vietnamese Border in the Late 19th Century." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 3, no. 2 (January 24, 2009): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-90000059.
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This paper studies phonological variations within a Cantonese dialect preserved in Éléments de Langue Chinoise Dialecte Cantonais (1900), a textbook of Cantonese written by the French navy officer Commandant Lagarrue. The Cantonese pronunciations recorded in this book were transcribed using Romanized Vietnamese (Quôc Ngu), rather than Chinese characters. When transliterated back into the Chinese script, the same characters are found to correspond frequently to a variety of slightly different spellings exhibiting certain regular phonological correspondences. These variant recordings turn out to reflect either free vocalic alternation, variation induced by contact between Vietnamese and the Yue dialects spoken in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, or differentiation of tones determined by lexical meaning differences. The observed phenomena, in sum, present us with a precious record of the Cantonese dialect spoken at the Sino-Vietnamese border in the late 19th century.
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Budiarsa, I. Made. "Language, Dialect And Register Sociolinguistic Perspective." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.1.2.42.379-387.
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Sociolinguistics pays attention to the social aspects of human language. Sociolinguistics discusses the relationship between language and society. In the following part of this paper, it will be focussed on the use of (1) language (2) dialects, (3) language variation, (4) social stratification, (5) register. This discussion talks about the five types of those topics because they are really problematic sort of things, which relate the social life of the local people. In relation to this, the most important point is to distinguish the terms from one to another. There are three main points to discuss: language, dialects and register. Languages which are used as medium of communication have many varieties. These language variations are created by the existence of social stratification in the community. Social stratification will determine the form of language use by the speakers who involve in the interaction. The language variation can be in the form of dialects and register. Dialect of a language correlates with such social factors such as socio-economic status, age, occupation of the speakers. Dialect is a variety of a particular language which is used by a particular group of speakers that is signaled by systematic markers such as syntactical, phonological, grammatical markers. Dialects which are normally found in the speech community may be in the forms of regional dialect and social dialect. Register is the variation of language according to the use. It means that where the language is used as a means of communication for certain purposes. It depends entirely on the domain of language used. It is also a function of all the other components of speech situation. A formal setting may condition a formal register, characterized by particular lexical items. The informal setting may be reflected in casual register that indicates less formal vocabulary, more non-standard features, greater instances of stigmatized variables, and so on.Keywords: language, dialect, register and sociolinguistic.
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Lane, Lisa Ann. "Trajectories of linguistic variation: Emergence of a dialect." Language Variation and Change 12, no. 3 (October 2000): 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500123038.
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Investigations into dialect emergence are most often based on data from manuscripts and on comparative and internal reconstructions. Seldom does the opportunity arise to monitor the selection of competing norms during the emergence stage because the data to postulate the linguistic marketplace (and hence to know what forms were likely to have been in competition) are unavailable. The case of dialect emergence in Thyborøn, Denmark, over the past century offers just this rare opportunity. A historical demographic profile from the town's census data, dating back to its inception in the 1890s, enables a comparative analysis of the input dialects and variable linguistic forms that were in competition. It is possible to trace the linguistic and social variables at play during the emergence stage of this new dialect, following the tradition of research by Omdal (1977), Dorian (1981), Trudgill (1986), and Kerswill (1994b), among others. The findings contribute to an explanatory model of dialect emergence and transformation.
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Jacobsen, Jógvan í. Lon. "Unges dialektbrug i bygden Sandur på Færøerne." Oslo Studies in Language 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8497.
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In this article, dialect changes and variation among young schoolchildren in the island of Sandoy in the Faroe Islands are discussed. The fieldwork was made by a group of students at the University of the Faroe Islands in November 2019 under the guidance of this article’s author. The informants are two groups of 10 and 15 year old schoolchildren. By examining the young generation, we can get information about the ‘state of health’ of the dialect. Here three dialectal variables are examined: (i) The variation of definite and indefinite form of words for family members, for instance the dialectal form mamman ‘the mother’ and the Central Faroese form mamma ‘mother’; (ii) Personal and possessive pronouns in 1st and 2nd person plural in oblique case, for instance the dialect form [o:gʊn] ‘us’ and the Central Faroese form [ɔʰk:ʊn] ‘us’; (iii) The pronunciation of short ó with the dialectal variant [ɔ] and the Central Faroese form [œ], for instance [fɔlk] resp. [fœlk] ‘people’.
The first variable shows clearly a tendency towards dialect change in the young generation: the indefinite forms are much more frequent than the dialect counterpart. The use of the pronouns shows a relatively high degree of variation: the dialect forms are more frequently used by the 10 than the 15 year old pupils. The pronunciation of short ó shows variation to a large extent. Here we see the same pattern as we saw for variable 2: the youngest pupils are more likely to use the dialect¬al form [ɔ] than the older ones. On the other hand, variation is much more common in the group of 15 year old pupils.
This study shows both stability and change in the dialect of children in Sandoy: Stability in use of the dialectal forms of the personal and possessive pro¬nouns, and variation and change in the two other variables. In a couple of years an underwater tunnel will connect the island of Sandoy with the central part of the islands. In a future scenario this dialect study opens the possibility for comparative studies of the dialect of Sandoy before and after the opening of the tunnel.
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Hasan, Aveen Mohammed, and Rebeen Abdulrahman Rasheed. "Glide Insertion And Dialectal Variation In Kurdish." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 14 (May 29, 2016): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n14p289.
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One of the strategies used as a hiatus resolution is glide insertion. Previous Kurdish phonological works involve only a description of glide insertion in one dialect neglecting the segmental context. This study provides an analysis of glide insertion in word-medial vowel clusters in Kurdish and it is the first attempt to analyse the effects of dialect and segmental context. The speech material includes a set of words consisting of a stem plus a suffix with different vowel sequences at their boundaries. It is produced by four native speakers from four Kurdish speaking areas. The data analysis involves word transcription, their segmentation and the comparison of vowel sequences within and across the subdialects. The results indicate that glide insertion is not the only strategy used as word medial hiatus resolution, but it depends on the segmental context and dialect. Generally, the vowel hiatus is resolved by /j/ insertion. Vowel deletion is also used obligatorily in some segmental contexts when the second vowel in a sequence is /i/ and also when there are identical vowels in a sequences. Dialectal variations are observed in some vowel sequences in which /j/ insertion and vowel deletion both are used and when the first vowels in the sequence are the high back vowels in that /j/ and /w/ insertions are used. The findings suggests that /j/ insertion is the default strategy to resolve word-medial vowel clusters in Kurdish, the insertion of /w/ or vowel deletion are other strategies which are limited to some dialects and vowel sequences.
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Szeto, Pui Yiu, Umberto Ansaldo, and Stephen Matthews. "Typological variation across Mandarin dialects: An areal perspective with a quantitative approach." Linguistic Typology 22, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 233–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0009.
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AbstractThis study explores the range and diversity of the typological features of Mandarin, the largest dialect group within the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Feeding the typological data of 42 Sinitic varieties into the phylogenetic program NeighborNet, we obtained network diagrams suggesting a north-south divide in the Mandarin dialect group, where dialects within the Amdo Sprachbund cluster at one end and those in the Far Southern area cluster at the other end, highlighting the impact of language contact on the typological profiles of various Mandarin dialects.
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Kozhanov, Kirill. "Studying variation in case marking." Baltic Linguistics 8 (December 31, 2017): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.378.
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This paper examines the phenomenon of the genitive of negation (GenNeg) in the Aukštaitian dialects of Lithuanian. It is shown that there is areal variation in case marking of an object of a negated verb. West Aukštaitian dialetcs (the Kaunas region) allow innovative accusative marking of an object of a negated verb much more often (although not as often as is claimed in the dialect descriptions) than South and East (the Vilnius region) Aukštaitian dialects where the genitive marking is very consistent. Even though South Aukštaitian has more examples of accusative marking than East Aukštaitian, the percentage is still very small. Different types of negated contexts (local vs distant) are not so relevant for the choice of case marking in South-East Aukštaitian, but play a moderately significant role in West Aukštaitian: the accusative marking is more common in distant negated contexts. In East Aukštaitian, direct objects of infinitives embedded under negated verbs can also be marked by the nominative, i.e. verbal negation does not affect the case marking of the so called nominative objects.
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Urmancheeva, I. S. "Dialect versions of the all-Russian phraseological units in dialects of Local Pechora." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2020): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/73/16.
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The paper presents a comparative analysis of the phraseological units of dialects of the Local Pechora and the all-Russian phraseological units of identical semantics (with a form variation) or an identical form (with a semantics variation). The Russian dialects of Local Pechora are a speech of aboriginals of the Ust-Tsilemsky Region of the Komi Republic of the Russian Federation. A complex description covers a big group of the Pechora phraseological units corresponding to the all-Russian phraseological units that are the research objects. The art features of dialect phraseological units are considered. Also, the analysis is made of the figura-tive basis reflecting a picture of the world of the inhabitant of the North. The relevance and scientific novelty of work is due to the fact that it is for the first time that this phraseological material is subjected to such a complex investigation. The main source of the study was the “Phraseological dictionary of the Russian dialects of the Lower Pechora”, with additional ma-terial taken from the “Dictionary of Russian dialects of the Komi Republic” and other dialect dictionaries. All-Russian phraseological units were taken from Russian phraseological dic-tionaries. The paper provides a broad view of the phraseological structure of the Russian lan-guage. The research has revealed phonetic, word-formative, morphological, syntactic, lexical, structural, quantitative and semantic dialectal variants of all-Russian phraseological units, as well as the phenomena of combined (mixed) variation. The comparative analysis allowed re-vealing the originality of the Pechora phraseological units that have preserved many archaic phenomena due to the long, isolated existence of a dialect in the conditions of interlingual contacts.
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S., Nofiana, and Putri Malahayati. "Comparison of Acehnese Pidie Dialect Variations between Acehnese Nagan Raya Dialects of Acehnese People in Peukan Baro District." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 3069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.2025.
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This research is entitled "Comparison of the Acehnese dialect of the Pidie dialect with the Nagan Raya dialect of Acehnese people in the Peukan Baro district". The formulation of the problem is,How do the variations of the Acehnese dialect of the Pidie dialect compare with the Acehnese dialect of the Nagan Raya in the Acehnese people of Peukan Baro District when interacting using the original speech of the two dialects. This researchaim to describe the comparison of variations in the Acehnese language found in the Acehnese dialect of Pidie with the Acehnese dialect of Nagan Raya, which is used by the Nagan Raya community who live in the Peukan Baro sub-district, when interacting using the native speech of the two regions. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The main data source in this study is the Acehnese speaking community who live in Peukan Baro sub-district. Data was collected by using interview and documentation test techniques. The results of this study indicate that the comparison of language variations based on the usage spoken by the community: (1) comparative data of Acehnese language variations in the form of nouns; (2) comparative data of Acehnese language variations in the form of verbs; (4) comparative data on the variation of the Acehnese language in terms of speech belonging to customs, directions, and kinship calls.
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Gross, Johan. "Segregated vowels: Language variation and dialect features among Gothenburg youth." Language Variation and Change 30, no. 3 (October 2018): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394518000169.
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AbstractThis paper examines the effects of housing segregation on variation in the vowel systems of young speakers of Swedish who have grown up in different neighborhoods of Gothenburg. Significant differences are found for variants of the variables /i:/ and /y:/, which are strongly associated with the local dialect; these two vowels also exhibit coherence. Another vowel pair, /ε:/ and /ø:/, are involved in a coherent leveling process affecting many of the central Swedish dialects but differing in degree of openness in different neighborhoods of Gothenburg. The results show that the variation is not simply a reflection of foreign background, nor of groups of youth adopting single variants; rather, a number of social factors conflate in housing segregation, which interferes with the transmission of more abstract aspects of the local dialect's vowel system to young speakers in certain neighborhoods.
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Yaeger‐Dror, Malcah. "Types of dialect variation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 4 (April 1992): 2385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403330.
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Leader, Noam, Yoram Yom-Tov, and Jonathan Wright. "MICROGEOGRAPHIC SONG DIALECTS IN THE ORANGE-TUFTED SUNBIRD (NECTARINIA OSEA)." Behaviour 137, no. 12 (2000): 1613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502745.
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AbstractIn a study of male song in the orange-tufted sunbird (Nectarinia osea) in an urban neighborhood in Ramat-Aviv, Israel, we discovered the occurrence of song variation on a microgeographic scale in the form of two distinct dialects with a sharp boundary between them. The main distinction between the two song dialects is the frequency of the trill, which comprises the terminal part of the song. A large difference of 2-3 kHz in the peak frequency of the trill was discovered between the two dialects, which could be easily distinguished by ear. Thirtyseven males were recorded singing the 'low' dialect and 21 birds sang the 'high' dialect. Four other birds sang both dialects or 'hybrid' songs. Along the boundary that separated the two dialect populations, neighboring birds sang different dialect songs, although they were only 20-30 meters apart. All four 'bilingual' birds occupied territories near the dialect boundary. The historical processes leading to the formation of this dialect system may result from the pattern of human settlement at the time of the establishment of this neighborhood in the early 1950's. The spatial distribution of the two sunbird dialect populations, and the apparent low dispersal rates of birds from their natal dialect area, suggest the existence of a mechanism, which currently maintains these dialects at the current boundaries.
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Wahab, Laode Abdul, and Aris Try Andreas Putra Putra. "Arabic Dialects of Lamomea and Pudahoa at Students in Gontor 4 and 7 Southeast Sulawesi." Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/sj.v5i2.495.
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Background:
The symptom of using two languages in the local dialect of the Arabic speaking community in Southeast Sulawesi can be seen as an interesting phenomenon. This study aims to identify and reveal: (1) The Arabic language of local dialect “Pudahoa” at Pondok Putra 7 and “Lamomea” at Gontor Putri 4 in Southeast Sulawesi; (2) Coding variations in the communication of Arabic language in the local dialects of Lamomea and Pudahoa; and (3) the use of local Arabic dialects of Lamomea and Pudahoa.
Methodology:
This research was conducted in the speaking community of Southeast Sulawesi who uses the local Arabic dialect located in Konawe Selatan at two focuses: (1) Arabic Lamomea; and (2) Arabic Pudahoa speaking community. The method used in this research is descriptive method qualitative. The descriptive method is an attempted research method to describe and interpret objects according to the circumstances.
Findings:
This study found: first, the Arabic variation used in social interactions in Gontor Putri 4 is Arabic in the Lamomea dialect. Meanwhile, the Arabic variation used in social interactions in Gontor Putri 7 is Arabic in the Pudahoa dialect. The variations of code-switching that occur in the speech communities of Gontor Putri 4 and Gontor Putra 7 with the linguistic repertoire that exists in the community include first, code-switching in the form of language translation and second, code-switching in the form of speech level code-switching. Furthermore, the codes found in Arabic spoken by the Gontor Putri 4 and Putra 7 speaking community are in the form of phrases. Mix this code in the form of an Indonesian phrase into a sentence or speech. Lamomea and Pudahoa dialect Arabic as a subordinate standard language have several functions. Third, the use of Arabic in the local dialects of Lamomea and Pudahoa consists of the formal domain, kinship domain, religious domain, transactional use, social environment, informal environment, and non-formal domain.
Conclusion:
There are variations of code-switching, and code-mixing in the Arabic speech communities of Lamomea and Pudahoa, Tthe Lamomea and Pudahoa dialects have local and regional characteristics and functions as a means of internal communication, a symbol of community identity and as a means of communication in formal, informal and non-formal situations. The author hopes that there will be further research that focuses on how patterns of influence between Arabic and local culture.
Keywords: Arabic language form; coding variations; the dialect use.
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Kretszchmar, William A. "Quantitative areal analysis of dialect features." Language Variation and Change 8, no. 1 (March 1996): 13–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001058.
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ABSTRACTTraditional notions of dialect are qualitative, and perceived dialects are difficult to reconcile with the evidence of actual production of dialect feature. Traditional dialect boundaries are similarly tied to qualitative judgements. More recently, various quantitative approaches have been attempted to try to capture dialect boundaries, each with its won problems. We have achieved some success with an objective quantitative analysis of separate dialect features from the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States (LAMSAS). Our findings suggest that a mathematical modeling of areal variation of dialect features, combined with a reassessment of traditional notions of dialect, could contribute to our knowledge of language, as well as document regional differences at the time of the LAMSAS survey.
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Falkert, Anika. "La dialectologie perceptuelle: problèmes et perspectives." dig 20, no. 1 (October 2012): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dialect-2012-0007.
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Abstract Dialect variation is perceived and encoded in everyday language situations. Studies in the field of folk linguistic enquiry which has come to be known as perceptual dialectology, pioneered in the 1980s by scholars such as Dennis Preston, showed that beliefs nonlinguists have about language variation can play a critical role in language maintenance and change. This paper is an attempt to rethink the issue of accent identification from the perspective of perceptual dialectology by discussing the methodological hurdles to overcome when assessing folk perception of dialects. Illustration comes from two recent studies tackling the perception of geolinguistics variation in Eastern Canada. A comparison of the most common data collection techniques such as mental mapping, dialect identification tests requiring informants to listen to voices of different degrees of dialect markedness and dialect questionnaires raises several issues that call for a diversification of research design including indirect attitude measurements, especially affective priming.
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Fakuade, Gbenga, Lawal Tope Aminat, and Adewale Rafiu. "Variation in Onko Dialect of Yoruba." Macrolinguistics 8, no. 13 (December 30, 2020): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2020.8.13.5.
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This paper examined variation in Onko dialect using the family tree model and the corresponding comparative method as the theoretical tool. A wordlist of basic items and a designed frame technique were used to gather data for this study. The data were presented in tables and the analyses were done through descriptive statistics. The data were analyzed to determine variation at the phonological, syntactic and lexical levels. The study revealed differences between Standard Yoruba and Onko dialect as well as the variation therein. Two basic factors discovered to be responsible for variations in Onko are geography (distribution of Onko communities) and language contact. The paper established that Onko exhibits variations, which are however not significant enough to disrupt mutual intelligibility among the speakers, and thus all the varieties remain a single dialect.
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Yu, Jing. "Translating ‘others’ as ‘us’ in Huckleberry Finn: dialect, register and the heterogeneity of standard language." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 26, no. 1 (February 2017): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947016674131.
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Studies on the translation of literary dialects have devoted much attention to linguistic features used in the recreation of source text dialects. Only limited discussions can be found on what strategies have been used in the translation of the source text (ST) standard language that the ST dialect is contrasted with. This is because studies on dialect translation have often rested on two assumptions: that standard language in the ST is always translated into a standard neutral target variety and that the use of standard language invariably leads to the erasure of literary effect in the target text (TT). Both assumptions are related to the misconception that standard language is a single neutral register. This article challenges these assumptions by proposing that translating dialect requires translating both sides of the dialect variation, that is to say, translating both the dialect itself and the standard language against which it is set in relief. Drawing particular attention to the translation of the standard side of the variation, this article sets out to achieve two purposes: (1) to explain how register varieties from standard language can function as sociolects in dialect translation, and (2) to build a dynamic model that incorporates both sides of the linguistic variation into the translation process. The following case study on the canonized Chinese translation of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Zhang Yousong and Zhang Zhenxian shows how social hierarchies and power structures in Twain’s work have been reversed in the translation so as to construct social ‘others’ as ‘us’ and a socially elevated version of ‘us’ – a ‘better us’.
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Engku Atek, Engku Suhaimi, Zulazhan Ab. Halim, and Hisham Hussain Al Samadi. "SYRIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SYRIAN DIALECT AND CULTURE IN JERASH, JORDAN." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 37 (December 1, 2020): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.537007.
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The study of dialectical variation and cultural maintenance may help in protecting and promoting norms and values in a given community. The inconsistent background of Syrian from Jordanian culture enables a contingency approach for the influence of dialectical variances in cultural activities. The paper aims at examining the role of dialectical variation towards strengthening the relationship between Syrian-Jordanian communities in Jerash city. The paper examines the elements that determine dialect choice in the vicinity. The study investigates dialect and cultural maintenance among Syrian-Jordanian to allow comparison of the potential influences of several parameters on their use on different dialects. The study used the data collected from various participants through interviews and questionnaires to arrive at the findings of the study. Both local and foreign dialects receive significant recognition and functions such as social domains, social activities, social gatherings, religious practices, cultural heritage, to mention a few, in the city. The findings show that dialect maintenance is strictly secure by Syrians in all aspects, except in exceptional cases like feasts, condolences, weddings, buying and selling where they opt for local dialect other than Syrian dialect. It has been observed that socio-demographic factors impact the flow of Syrian dialect and cultural maintenance in Jerash city. The findings discovered that gender contributed to dialect choice and shifting. What appears to be achieved and documented through the current study is that Syrian males are mostly lean to the usage of Jordanian dialect than the Syrian females because the latter hardly utilize Jordanian dialect even while the necessity arose to a large extent. The regular shift of dialect from Syrian to Jordanian or vice versa which equally constitutes the factors responsible for dialect shift is heavily supported by friendship, marriage, religion, relatives, migrations, and good rapport between Syrians and Jordanians.
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Al-Rojaie, Yousef. "Mapping perceptions of linguistic variation in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, using GIS technology." Journal of Linguistic Geography 8, no. 1 (April 2020): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2020.3.
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AbstractThis study explores perceptions held by speakers of Qassimi Arabic (a variety of Najdi Arabic, spoken in central Saudi Arabia) about linguistic variation in their own dialect, and the sociocultural evaluations associated with their perceptions. Drawing on perceptual dialectology research methods, respondents completed the draw-a-map and labeling tasks. The maps were collected and then analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping software to aggregate, query, and create a composite heat map. Findings indicate that Qassimi speakers perceive regional variation to be associated with urban centers, particularly Buraydah and Unayzah, which were identified as the most salient dialect areas. Analysis of the labeled maps generated six categories of evaluative comments: drawl, influences from other regional dialects, heavy accent, old vocabulary, fast, and affrication. These findings point to the need for further exploration of the underlying ideologies and social values that Arabic speakers have about their own dialects and other dialects in Arabic-speaking communities.
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Derungs, Curdin, Christian Sieber, Elvira Glaser, and Robert Weibel. "Dialect borders—political regions are better predictors than economy or religion." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 35, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 276–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqz037.
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AbstractThe impact of geography on language and dialect variation has been subject to a vast number of studies in linguistics, as well as the broader humanities. Most quantitative research concerning dialectology has focused on the relationship between spatial distance and change of dialects. Hypotheses regarding the impact of other geographic, cultural, and social factors have been put forth for many years but have rarely been examined with quantitative methods. In this article, we compare dialect variation in Swiss German morphosyntax with three types of social and cultural variation, namely variation in religion, administration, and economy. These different types of variation have contrasting temporal origins. Religion is, for instance, represented by the borders between Christian denominations, which are a result of the Reformation in the 16th century. In order to compare different types of spatial information in one statistical model, we introduce an approach that is robust for spatial dependencies. On one hand, our results are largely in agreement with previous studies. Spatial distance, for instance, proves to be the most important predictor of dialect variance, with distance measures that more realistically represent the potential for social contact, explaining a higher proportion of variance. On the other hand, most interestingly, we find evidence that administrative borders (i.e. political regions) more profoundly impact Swiss dialects than religion or economy. This opens the floor for the hypothesis that possibly both Swiss dialects and political regions have common origins in ancient migration movements and medieval borders between Alemannic territories.
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Määttä, Simo K. "Dialect and point of view." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.16.2.06maa.
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This article is an analysis of translations into French of non-standard literary dialect, in particular the speech of African Americans, in William Faulkner’s The sound and the fury. It shows that the contingency of dialect variation upon narrative point of view (focalization) is not taken into account in translation, an omission that alters the ideological framework of the novel. In addition, it argues that the maintenance of this variation, when systematic, should be at least as important a concern as, for instance, the most accurate translation of single dialectal or non-standard words and utterances.
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ORIE, OLANIKE OLA. "Syllable asymmetries in comparative Yoruba phonology." Journal of Linguistics 36, no. 1 (March 2000): 39–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226799008130.
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Syllables display symmetrical and asymmetrical properties in two Yoruba dialects. In the asymmetrical dialect, only a vowel with an onset participates in syllable-conditioned processes; an onsetless vowel is syllabically inert. In the symmetrical dialect, a vowel, with or without an onset, participates in syllable processes. It is argued that onsetless vowels are not syllabified in the asymmetrical dialect. Since there is no phonological contrast between syllables with onsets and those without onsets in the symmetrical dialect, all vowels are parsed into syllables exhaustively. Using ideas from Optimality Theory, attested interdialectal variation is shown to follow from different rankings of the same syllable and faithfulness constraints.
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Irvine, G. Alison. "Dialect Variation in Jamaican English." English World-Wide 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.15.1.04irv.
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DUMAS, B. K. "DIALECT VARIATION AND LEGAL PROCESS." American Speech 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-75-3-267.
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Tse, Sou-Mee, and David Ingram. "The influence of dialectal variation on phonological acquisition: a case study on the acquisition of Cantonese." Journal of Child Language 14, no. 2 (June 1987): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900012939.
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ABSTRACTThe phonological acquisition of a young girl whose parents spoke two dialects of Cantonese was examined. The father's dialect had a phonological distinction between initial /l/ and /n/ which was merged into /l/ in the mother's dialect. The child was followed bi-weekly for approximately one year. The results indicate that she acquired neither the mother's nor the father's dialect. Instead, she acquired [l] and [n] as freely varying allophones of a single phoneme. In the first months, [n] was the most frequent realization of the phoneme, with [l] becoming the most frequent one in later sessions. The results are interpreted as supporting the claim that children use all available input in acquiring language rather than limiting themselves to a primary language model.
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Zihlmann, Urban. "Investigating speaker individuality in the Swiss Standard German of four Alemannic dialect regions: Consonant quantity, vowel quality, and temporal variables." Loquens 7, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): e070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2020.070.
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While German-speaking Switzerland manifests a considerable amount of dialectal diversity, until the present day the phonetic interrelation of Alemannic (ALM) dialects and spoken Swiss Standard German (SSG) has not been studied with an acoustic phonetic approach on the speaker level.
In this study, out of a pool of 32 speakers (controlled for sex, age, and education level) from 4 dialectologically distinct ALM areas, 16 speakers with 2 dialects were analysed regarding SSG consonant duration (in words whose ALM equivalents may or may not have a geminate), 8 speakers from the city of Bern (BE) were analysed for vowel quality, and 32 speakers were analysed for temporal variables, i.e., articulation rate (AR) and vocalic-speech percentage (%V).
Results reveal that there is much intradialectal inter- and intraspeaker variation in all three aspects scrutinised, but especially regarding vowel quality of BE SSG mid vowels and temporal variables. As for consonant quantity, while intradialectal interspeaker variation was observed, speakers showed a tendency towards normalised SSG consonant durations that resemble the normalised consonant durations in their ALM dialect. In general, these results suggest that a speaker’s dialect background is only one factor amongst many that influence the way in which Swiss Standard German is spoken.
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Stanford, James N. "A sociotonetic analysis of Sui dialect contact." Language Variation and Change 20, no. 3 (October 2008): 409–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394508000161.
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AbstractSui clan exogamy can serve as a laboratory for investigation of dialect contact and immigration. The Sui people, an indigenous minority of southwest China, have marriage customs requiring that a wife and husband have different clan origins, and the wife permanently immigrates to the husband's village at the time of marriage. Due to subtle interclan dialect variation, a married woman may have different dialect features than her husband and other local villagers. This study presents an acoustic analysis of such clan-level variation in lexical tone, asociotoneticanalysis. Results show that the immigrant women maintain the tone variants of their home clan dialects to a high degree despite spending a decade or more in the husband's village, thus illustrating a case where linguistic identity is maintained in the face of close, long-term contact.
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Hendricks, Alison Eisel, and Carolyn Jimenez. "Teacher Report of Students' Dialect Use and Language Ability." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 52, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00113.
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Purpose For many school-age children, teachers are the first professionals to refer for speech/language services. However, many speech-language pathologists note that students without language disorders who speak non–mainstream American English (NMAE) dialects are referred to speech/language evaluation. This research note presents results of a preliminary study exploring teachers' ability to report student dialect use and how teacher reports of language ability depend on their perception of the student's dialect use. Method Teachers completed a brief two-question survey about students' dialect use and a standardized questionnaire about students' language and literacy skills for 254 students (K‑second grades). A subset of 30 students completed a standardized screener of dialect use and language ability. Results Teachers reported that 12.2% of students spoke an NMAE dialect, whereas 77.2% did not. In sharp contrast, the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Screening Test indicated that 63% of students spoke an NMAE dialect, and 37% spoke MAE, suggesting a discrepancy between teachers' perceptions of dialect use and children's dialect use. Written responses suggested teachers may confuse NMAE dialect use and bilingualism or speech/language difficulties. Interestingly, teachers reported lower language skills among students they believe speak an NMAE dialect ( p = .021). Conclusions These results provide preliminary evidence that teachers may have difficulty determining student dialect use and may report lower language skills for students they believe speak an NMAE dialect. Interprofessional collaborations between teachers and speech-language pathologists may be able to reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis of language disorders among students who speak NMAE dialects.
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Leggio, Daniele Viktor, and Yaron Matras. "Variation and dialect levelling in the Romani dialect of Ţăndărei." Romani Studies 27, no. 2 (December 2017): 173–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/rs.2017.10.
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Terry, Nicole Patton, Carol McDonald Connor, Lakeisha Johnson, Adrienne Stuckey, and Novell Tani. "Dialect variation, dialect-shifting, and reading comprehension in second grade." Reading and Writing 29, no. 2 (October 12, 2015): 267–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-015-9593-9.
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Lira, Kaoru Tanaka de, and Marcus Tanaka de Lira. "De Aomori ao Shuri: excertos do dialeto da língua japonesa." Estudos Japoneses, no. 36 (March 7, 2016): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.v0i36p71-93.
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The Japanese territory, constituted by several mountainous islands, shows a wide variety of dialects, often unintelligible to other inhabitants of the country. Hoping to solve the dearth of material describing the variety of dialects found in Japan that may be useful to students of different universitylevel Japanese language courses in activity in Brazil, the following pages describe briefly some of the different aspects found among Japanese dialects in the archipelago. After the introduction of the concept of dialect, standard language, common language, and what the dialect divisions in Japan are, there is an explanation concerning language variation at the phonetic, phonological, and morphosyntactic levels of the language, as well as a sample of the Tsugaru and Tosa dialects.
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Durahman, Eva utami, Dinny Sofiyani, Yosi Ayu Pratiwi, and Fani Setiani. "Javanese Lexical Variation of Cirebon Dialect in Pabuaran and Ciperna Region." TEKNOSASTIK 17, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/ts.v17i2.303.
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This study highlights the lexical differences phenomena in Pabuaran and Ciperna region which is located in Cirebon Regency of West Java. This study aims: 1) to describe the Javanese lexical variations of Cirebon dialect in Pabuaran and Ciperna region, 2) and to find out whether those variations are dialect, subdialect, or only speech level differences of Cirebon dialect itself by utilizing dialectometric method. The result shows that there are 108 lexical differences in the form of pronouns (10), nouns (26), verbs (44), adjectives (14), and adverb (14) in Pabuaran and Ciperna region. This result is obtained by using 207 words Swadesh List and 144 additional words submitted as questions to the local people. Furthermore, after being calculated by dialectometric method, it can be concluded that those lexical variation in Pabuaran and Ciperna are chategorized as subdialect rather than dialect or speech level differences.Keywords: Cirebon dialect, Javanese language, lexical variations
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Muflihah, Muflihah. "al Lahjaat fii al Lughoh al ‘Arabiyah (Dirosah Tahliliyah ‘an Asbaab Ikhtilaaf al Lahjaat wa ‘Anaashiriha)." Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 10, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v10i2.2837.
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ABSTRAKDialect, according to many Arabic linguists, refers to language and letters used by a particular community that cause differences in the pronunciation even in the way particular letters are used among different societies.Dialect is variation in language depending on the users, that is the language as it is commonly used by the language users. Dialect; therefore, is dependent upon who use the language and where the users of the language reside. The geographical aspects shape the regional dialect and the social aspects shape the social dialect.This descriptive quantitative research aims to investigate the factors and aspects that shape some dialects in Arabic.The findings demonstrate that the factors influencing dialects include the geographical width of the area, the cross-language interaction and the different strata of the society.Keywords: Dialect, Arabic linguists, Causes and Elements
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Lindemann, Luke. "When Wurst comes to Wurscht: Variation and koiné formation in Texas German." Journal of Linguistic Geography 7, no. 01 (April 2019): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2019.4.
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AbstractTexas German is a new world language variety that shows some evidence of koiné development but also presents with substantial variation at many levels of structure. I present a case study on the variant pronunciation of sibilants in Texas German consonant clusters. This feature is fairly frequent and found throughout the regions of German settlement in Central Texas. After a discussion of the presence of this feature in the donor dialects, I investigate the factors that correlate with variation in the modern language. From an analysis of local and global spatial autocorrelation, I argue that variation is not significantly associated with particular geographic regions and is compatible with stable and homogenous variation. This provides insight into our understanding of new dialect emergence and the mechanisms by which dialect features are leveled over multiple generations.
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Warren, Paige S. "Geographic Variation and Dialects in Songs of the Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus Aeneus)." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.349.
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Abstract Vocal dialects have presented a puzzle for evolutionary biologists for nearly 50 years. However, there is still a dearth of detailed description of variation in species with dialects, especially regarding acoustic characteristics that discriminate among dialects. In this study, I show that dialects occur in the “flight whistle” song type of the Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus aeneus). Dialects in this species occur at a very large scale, spanning hundreds of kilometers. A discriminant function analysis revealed that the initial element of the song shows greater differences among dialects than a major element in the final portion of the song. This quantitative analysis of the dialect system provides the basis for understanding how Bronzed Cowbirds recognize songs from different dialects.
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Gnevsheva, Ksenia. "Within-speaker variation in passing for a native speaker." International Journal of Bilingualism 21, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006915616197.
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This study quantitatively explores variation in passing for a native speaker of English and also discusses speakers’ passing for a native speaker of the same dialect as the listeners, other dialects, or not passing at all and always being perceived as a non-native speaker. It also examines other factors that may influence variation in passing such as conversational setting (which has been suggested by participants’ self-reports in Piller, 2002). Thirty native-speaking listeners were presented with clips from 24 native and non-native speakers of English and were asked to guess the origin of the speaker. Passing is quantified through the number of times listeners in a perception task believed speakers to be from English-speaking countries. The results of this study suggest that passing for a native speaker of different varieties is quite common, and some speakers pass for a native speaker of another variety as an intermediate step between passing for a native speaker of the same variety and not passing at all. The speakers’ self-reports and quantitative analysis of their production also suggests that there is a considerable amount of intra-speaker variation across different conversational settings. Most studies that focus on passing have been qualitative and/or rely on self-reports (e.g. Piller, 2002), so any claims about variation in passing are not typically supported by actual linguistic production. One particular consideration that is usually omitted is the difference between passing for a native speaker of the same dialect as the listener and that of a different dialect. This study explores situational variability in passing quantitatively and also considers the trends in passing for a native speaker of different dialects. This study is an example of a fruitful combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, to explore the intersection between second language acquisition and sociolinguistics.
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Cooley, Marianne. "Emerging Standard and Subdialectal Variation in Early American English." Diachronica 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.9.2.02coo.
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SUMMARY In spite of later clearly delineated American dialects, many visitors as well as inhabitants in colonial and early federal America commented upon the uniformity of American English, although others pointed out differences. Taken together, the usual evidence sources such as orthoepistic and grammatical description, naive spellings, contemporary journalistic commentary, or literary dialect representation provide indecisive evidence. However, a principle of perceptual recognition of language variation in relation to both an external standard (British English) and a developing internal standard (American English) may account for the uniformity comments while diversity simultaneously existed. RÉSUMÉ Malgré l'existence d'un certain nombre de dialectes déjà bien délimités, de nombreux voyageurs et habitants d'Amérique coloniale remarquèrent et commentèrent sur l'uniformité de l'anglais américain, alors que d'autres relevèrent des différences significatives. En gros, les documents habituels, tels que les descriptions orthopéistes et grammaticales, les orthographes naïves, les commentaires journalistiques de l'époque et les dialectales littéraires offrent des témoignages contradictoires. Toutefois une perception de la variation linguistique par rapport à un standard externe (l'anglais britannique) et un standard interne (l'anglais américain) peut expliquer l'uniformité des commentaires en regard d'une diversité persistante. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Trotz deutlich erkennbarer amerikanischer Dialekte, sprachen viele Besu-cher sowie die Einwohner des kolonialen und frühen foderativen Amerika von der Ausgewogenheit des amerikanischen Englisch, während andere auf Unter-schiede hinwiesen. Insgesamt gesehen, bieten die ublichen Beweisquellen wie orthoepische Schriften, grammatische Abhandlungen, phonetische Schreibun-gen, zeitgenössische journalistische Kommentare und literarische Dialekte, kei-ne entsprechenden Unterlagen. Ein Prinzip etwa der 'auffassungsfähigen Er-kennung' von Sprachvariationen im Verhältnis zu einem 'externen Standard' (i.e., dem britischen Englisch) und einem sich in der Entwicklung befindenden 'internen Standard' (dem amerikanischen Englisch) dürfte jedoch die Einfor-migkeit der Kommentare und Beobachtungen erklären, trotz der dialektalen Unterschiede, die zur damaligen Zeit wohl existierten.
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Sarwadi, Gita, Mahsun Mahsun, and Burhanuddin Burhanuddin. "Lexical Variation of Sasak Kuto-Kute Dialect in North Lombok District." Jurnal KATA 3, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/kata.v3i1.4142.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Despite Sasak community in five sub-districts of North Lombok uses the same dialect, namely kuto-Kute Dialect (BSDK), the people within those sub-districts demonstrate different lexicals to express the same meaning. The purpose of this study is to describe the lexicals variations in Kuto-Kute Dialect used by the community in North Lombok. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. The data was taken by using observation and conversational method. Observation method was applied by observing the language used by communities within the observation spots in the village, while conversational method was used by having conversations with the informants from the observed villages. The data was analysed by using referential identity and distributional methods. The result of the analysis showed that Sasak Kuto-Kute dialect in certain gloss has lexical variations they are glosses having two lexical variation and three lexical variations.</p>