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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dialect'
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Simmons, Richard VanNess. "The Hangzhou dialect." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11131.
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Prompapakorn, Praparat. "Dialect contact and new dialect formation in a Thai New Town." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411267.
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Hilton, Nanna Haug. "Regional dialect levelling and language standards : changes in the Hønefoss dialect." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/973/.
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This is a sociolinguistic investigation of regional dialect levelling and the role that standardised language plays for this particular type of dialect change. This study combines a quantitative variationist investigation of linguistic variation and change in East Norwegian cities Hønefoss and Oslo with experimental and qualitative studies of attitudinal data in Hønefoss. The aim of the study is to shed light on the role that standard language ideologies play for loss of localised dialects. Varieties of East Norwegian spoken in the small city Hønefoss and the capital city Oslo are becoming increasingly alike. Oslo speech is an influential factor in the loss in Hønefoss of local linguistic variants in variables 3pl personal pronouns and
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Mau, Wing-yan Annie. "Cantonese language or dialect? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31789705.
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Bruckmueller, Michael Jacob. "An American actor's dialect /." Available to VCU users online at:, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2079.
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Mau, Wing-yan Annie, and 繆穎欣. "Cantonese: language or dialect?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31789705.
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Scouller, Alastair MacNeill. "Gaelic dialect of Colonsay." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31514.
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This thesis provides a description of the Scottish Gaelic dialect spoken on the Inner Hebridean island of Colonsay. This dialect has not previously been the subject of any serious academic research. Gaelic was the dominant language on Colonsay until the 1970s, but the local dialect is now in terminal decline, with only a handful of fluent speakers still living on the island. The study focusses mainly on the phonology of the dialect, but other aspects such as morphology, syntax and lexis are also covered. Following a brief introduction, Chapter 1 seeks to situate the dialect in its wider geographical, historical and sociolinguistic context, highlighting the major changes that have taken place in the past forty years, and have led to its present endangered situation. Chapter 2, which comprises approximately half the thesis, examines the phonological structure of the dialect in detail, based on the results of the Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland (SGDS). Issues of phonetic and phonemic transcription are discussed. The phonemes identified are then listed, with their respective allophones and non-allophonic variants. Chapter 3 deals with prosodic and other non-segmental features which are of significance for the phonology of the dialect. Chapter 4 highlights those aspects of morphology and syntax where Colonsay usage differs from other varieties of Gaelic. Chapter 5 discusses lexical features which are particular to this dialect, or shared with neighbouring dialects in Argyll. An annotated Glossary lists words which are of particular interest in the study of this dialect, some of which are discussed in more detail in Chapter 5. This thesis will provide future students of Gaelic dialectology with an account of the Colonsay dialect, to complement the numerous monographs that have been written about other varieties of Gaelic. Because of the precarious position of this dialect, the timing of this study is critical: it represents the last opportunity to 'preserve by record' a distinctive variety of Gaelic which, sadly, is on the verge of extinction.
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Haviernikova, Nina. "Dialect Contact in Slovakia." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1515116276257858.
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Bruckmueller, Michael J. "An American Actor's Dialect." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1419.
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Over the course of the past ten years, both studying and teaching Voice & Speech for the Actor, I have become frustrated with the status quo of so called 'standard speech'. The two dialects that I have studied in depth are Edith Skinner's 'American Classical Stage Standard' and Kenneth Crannell's 'Career Speech'. I have found something lacking in both the Skinner dialect and Crannell's 'Career Speech'. Yet, I believe that each has a strength from which the other could benefit. The specificity of the Skinner dialect makes 'American Classical Stage Standard' not only easy to learn but also an excellent tool in ear training. The problem with this dialect is that before its artificial creation, it did not exist in the American English language. Additionally, 'American Classical Stage Standard' is not appropriate for theatrical works in a contemporary setting. Conversely, the 'standards' that have been formed in reaction to Skinner's method, such as Crannell's 'Career Speech', are rooted in American English Speech. But since Crannell's 'Career Speech' relies heavily on observation, the resulting paradigm avoids specificity because in the real world not everyone speaks in the same way. The dialect that I am setting forth in this project is my attempt to combine the Skinner dialect and Crannell's 'Career Speech' to create a dialect that is contemporary but non-geographic specific in sound. My American Actor's dialect will be simple and efficient to learn and teach and will provide the student with a base dialect for further study in voice and speech for the stage and for contemporary American theatrical works set post 1980 if there is no dialect called for in the script or if the director chooses not to include dialect work in that specific production.
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Johansson, Marie. ""Jag säger ju enn, men jag skriver en" : En undersökning om dialektanvändning i tal och skrift i en värmländsk årskurs tre." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-42668.
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This essay aims to explore the dialect use in speech and writing in different school contexts among pupils in grade three in Värmland, Sweden and their teacher’s attitude to dialect usage in the classroom. The methods used for the survey are structured observations, collected documents and qualitative semi- structured interviews with both pupils and their teacher. The purpose of using three different methods is to get as complete a survey and credible result as possible as the methods in this case complement each other in an advantageous way. The result shows that a majority of the participating pupils use their dialect in most of the different speech situation with the exception of oral presentations and presentation of today´s date and lunch during morning assemblies. In these situation the dialect is often modified. As for the pupils´ writing in dialect, the result shows, however, that it seldom occurs at all. The pupils generally do not see themselves as dialect speakers while their teacher argues that everyone in the class speaks the local dialect. Furthermore, the results of the teacher interview shows that the teacher is sympathetic to the use of dialect in general and sees no problem with dialect in speech, but does not accept dialect use in school writing.Min studie syftar till att undersöka värmländska elevers dialektanvändning i såväl tal som i skrift i olika skolsammanhang samt att ta reda på deras lärares inställning till dialektanvändning i klassrummet. Metoderna som legat till grund för undersökningen är strukturerade observationer, insamlade dokument samt kvalitativa semistrukturerade elev- och lärarintervjuer. Avsikten med att använda tre olika metoder är att få en så fullständig undersökning och trovärdigt resultat som möjligt då metoderna i detta fall kompletterar varandra på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att majoriteten av de medverkande eleverna använder sig av sin värmländska dialekt i de flesta talsituationer, med undantag för muntliga framställningar och presentation av dagens datum och lunch under morgonsamlingar. Vid dessa tillfällen modifieras ofta dialekten. Vad gäller elevernas skrivande på dialekt visar resultatet däremot att det nästan inte förekommer alls. Eleverna själva anser sig överlag inte heller tala värmländska medan deras lärare hävdar att alla i klassen talar dialektalt. Vidare visar resultatet från lärarintervjun att läraren är positivt inställd till dialektanvändning generellt och ser inga problem med dialekt i tal, men accepterar inte dialektal användning i skrift i skolsammanhang.
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O'Neill, Caitlin G. "Dialect variation in speaking rate." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32122.
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Ehrat, David N. "Dialect emergence in Waumandee English." Oxford Bern Berlin Bruxelles Frankfurt, M. New York, NY Wien Lang, 2005. http://d-nb.info/98781608X/04.
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Payne, Kenneth John. "The traditional dialect of Gloucestershire." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487607.
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This thesis is an investigation of the traditional dialect of Gloucestershire. The concept 'traditional dialect' is examined in the Introduction, as is the nature of the county itself. The data for the investigation is the Survey of English Dialects (SED), the nature of which is also discussed in the Introduction. Where this investigation differs from other studies, however, is that its core data is not the published Basic Material of the SED but the notebooks of the original fieldworkers. This allows a detailed consideration of the process of transmission by which the data passed from notebook to published volume. Editorial practices are evaluated, omissions and errors noted, and the value of the original material stressed. This is one of the primary outcomes of the investigation, and fonns the second chapter ofthe thesis. The succeeding chapters, three to ten, analyse the data from the notebooks of the seven localities visited by the SED fieldworkers in Gloucestershire. They consider phonological, grammatical and lexical material with the aim of arriving at a description of the dialect found in those seven localities. Preliminary investigation suggested that these localities share the broad characteristics of the south-west, but that while this is true to a marked degree in the most southerly localities it is much less the case further north. Therefore a further aim of the investigation is to see whether a major isogloss runs through the county, and to consider issues such as boundary and transition. This is the main subject of the concluding chapter, which also compares earlier studies where dialect areas in the south-west have been identified.
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Waernér, Sara. "Investigating the Yooper Dialect : A Study of the Dialect in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37187.
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This paper aims to explore the linguistic features of the dialect in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. The study sets out to define what the distinct features of the dialect are, and investigate frequencies among Upper Peninsula natives, specifically from Marquette County. The research conducted for this thesis is based on multiple recordings of a small number of native dialect speakers from this area. The results show that features such as pronunciation, and the vowel sounds in particular, as well as dialectal expressions play a large part in defining this characteristic dialect. Furthermore, analyses of consonant sounds, lexical items, dialect expressions such as eh and ya, and the matter of stress, are included in the study as well as a brief discussion on how age- grading may affect the dialect.
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Cairns, Ross James. "Dialect Contact: Lexical Availability as a Measure of the Acquisition of Characteristics from Another Dialect." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5477.
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This study uses lexical availability as a way in which to measure the level of an individual's acquisition of the dialect of their spouse. Although lexical availability studies are in abundance, to the author's knowledge, this is one of the few, if not the only, type of study that uses lexical availability to measure dialect contact. Lexical availability studies attempt to determine the most readily available lexical items in an individual's lexicon. This study implemented standard methodologies in order to determine whether dialect contact was more likely when specific topics were chosen. That is, if the topic in question was considered a masculine topic, would the female spouse utilise the spouse's word and vice versa. Participants completed vocabulary lists on six different topics of interest in addition to noting down their definition of a series of visual images that appeared before them.The conclusions highlight that, for this study at least, men are more likely to show evidence of dialect contact if the topic under scrutiny is traditionally considered male-related. The same is true for female participants, that is, the probability of their exhibiting dialect interference is greater if the topic is considered female-related. The results also showed that, in general, women are more likely to use their spouse's vocabulary item. The length of time that the couple had been married was not an overly telling factor.
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Furumoto, Makoto. "On the copula in the Kikae dialect of Swahili." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-199679.
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The Kikae dialect is a regional variety of Swahili spoken in the southern part of Unguja, the largest island of the Zanzibar archipelago. In this dialect, the morpheme -wa preceded by a subject prefix, which agrees with the subject in person or noun class, is used as a copula. This form is used in neither Standard Swahili nor the Kiunguja dialect considered prestigious dialects of Swahili. In this paper, I describe the morphological and semantic characteristics of this copula, which have not been observed in previous studies, and propose a possible grammaticalisation path of the copula based on its synchronic properties and typological evidence. The following three claims will be made: 1. the subject prefix -wa morphologically corresponds to the perfect form, but does not encode a prior event unlike the perfect form of other verbs. 2. The use of the subject prefix -wa copula is restricted to ‘predicational sentences’. 3. It is highly probable that the subject prefix -wa has grammaticalized from a locative verb
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Mettille, Shayla D. "The Use of Contrastive Analysis in Code-Switching from Appalachian English Dialect to Standard English Dialect." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edc_etds/13.
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This study examined the use of an intervention, Contrastive Analysis (CA), with fourth-graders’ writing in a Central Appalachian elementary school. The purpose was to improve the use of Standard English in students’ writing in Appalachia by decreasing the number of vernacular features typically used in the writing. The researcher collected data through Consent and Assent Forms, interviews with the fourth-grade teacher, classroom observations and an accompanying CA observation evaluation rubric, pre- and post-writing prompts, selected writings and Writer Self-Perception Scale (WSPS), as well as communication data. Data analysis was accomplished for both the prompts, writing pieces and the WSPS scores. The primary results of the study indicated that the students’ use of vernacular features did in fact decrease after the implementation of CA. An approach that takes into account the vernacular or nonstandard dialect from the home speech of children, CA is utilized to help them perform better in writing in school. The CA approach has been used successfully with African American students primarily in large urban areas. The research results indicate that lessons from CA may be “customized” and used successfully with students who are speakers of Appalachian English. During the eleven-week study, the fourth-grade teacher implemented the intervention and a fifth-grade teacher also led a non-intervention group. A comparative analysis was done to determine whether membership in the fourth grade intervention group was a significant factor in lowering non-standard features in writing. This was a descriptive case study. At the beginning and end of the study, teachers of the fourth- and fifth-grade groups administered pre- and post-tests to their respective groups in the form of writing prompts. The researcher and a second reader did vernacular counts of the writings of both groups. A comparative analysis of the frequency of vernacular features (VFs) in the writing of the fourth-grade group showed decreases greater than the fifth-grade group in three of four categories of vernacular features in writing. The categories were: regularization of past-tense verbs, multiple negation, subject/verb agreement, and pronominal difference. There was only a 1% greater decrease of VFs for the fifth grade in the fourth category. A scale of self-efficacy in writing, the Writer’s Self-Perception Scale (WSPS), was also administered by the teachers pre- and post-study to both groups of students. The difference between the fourth- and fifth-grade pre- and post-WSPS scores was not statistically significant. The findings of the study are important because they show that the use of the CA approach, when used with students from the Appalachian subculture who are speakers of Appalachian English, does make a difference in their rate of usage of Standard English in writing.
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Drews, Aaron E. "Interdialect phonology in second dialect acquisition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24537.
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Interdialect phonology is the phonological system of speakers who have acquired some of the distinguishing attributes of a second dialect. An interdialect is the stage ‘in between’ speaking one’s native dialect and fully acquiring a second dialect. An interdialect - in parallel with an interlanguage - functions as the second dialect competence, even if the second dialect is not fully acquired. The ‘mid-Atlantic dialect’ is an example of an interdialect. This study is based on Chambers (1992) and examines the phonologies of American families living in the London area. Additionally, British families living in North America were also recorded and examined in this thesis. This thesis does not show how a second dialect is acquired, per se, but how the interdialect phonology develops as part of the second dialect acquisition process. This thesis shows what an interdialect is. Given the inherent closeness between two dialects, this thesis discusses the relationship between the interdialect, the native phonological competence and the second dialect target. Several phonological phenomena are examined in this thesis: medial /t/; the relationship between the low front vowel /æ/ and the low back vowel a:/; the status of the vowels represented by the pair caught and cot; the realisations of syllable-rhyme-r. A phonological description of each of these variables is given for both standard General American English and standard Southern British English. The phonological structure of these differences between the dialects is then highlighted. This thesis shows how these differences develop in the interdialect phonology and show how realisational differences develop differently than phonemic differences.
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Lyle, Samantha. "Dialect variation in stop consonant voicing." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32156.
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Coghill, Eleanor Jane. "The Neo-Aramaic dialect of Alqosh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615737.
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Borghero, Roberta. "The Neo-Aramaic dialect of Ashitha." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613797.
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Ali, Ahmed Mohamed Abdel Maksoud. "Multi-dialect Arabic broadcast speech recognition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31224.
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Dialectal Arabic speech research suffers from the lack of labelled resources and standardised orthography. There are three main challenges in dialectal Arabic speech recognition: (i) finding labelled dialectal Arabic speech data, (ii) training robust dialectal speech recognition models from limited labelled data and (iii) evaluating speech recognition for dialects with no orthographic rules. This thesis is concerned with the following three contributions: Arabic Dialect Identification: We are mainly dealing with Arabic speech without prior knowledge of the spoken dialect. Arabic dialects could be sufficiently diverse to the extent that one can argue that they are different languages rather than dialects of the same language. We have two contributions: First, we use crowdsourcing to annotate a multi-dialectal speech corpus collected from Al Jazeera TV channel. We obtained utterance level dialect labels for 57 hours of high-quality consisting of four major varieties of dialectal Arabic (DA), comprised of Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf or Arabic peninsula, North African or Moroccan from almost 1,000 hours. Second, we build an Arabic dialect identification (ADI) system. We explored two main groups of features, namely acoustic features and linguistic features. For the linguistic features, we look at a wide range of features, addressing words, characters and phonemes. With respect to acoustic features, we look at raw features such as mel-frequency cepstral coefficients combined with shifted delta cepstra (MFCC-SDC), bottleneck features and the i-vector as a latent variable. We studied both generative and discriminative classifiers, in addition to deep learning approaches, namely deep neural network (DNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN). In our work, we propose Arabic as a five class dialect challenge comprising of the previously mentioned four dialects as well as modern standard Arabic. Arabic Speech Recognition: We introduce our effort in building Arabic automatic speech recognition (ASR) and we create an open research community to advance it. This section has two main goals: First, creating a framework for Arabic ASR that is publicly available for research. We address our effort in building two multi-genre broadcast (MGB) challenges. MGB-2 focuses on broadcast news using more than 1,200 hours of speech and 130M words of text collected from the broadcast domain. MGB-3, however, focuses on dialectal multi-genre data with limited non-orthographic speech collected from YouTube, with special attention paid to transfer learning. Second, building a robust Arabic ASR system and reporting a competitive word error rate (WER) to use it as a potential benchmark to advance the state of the art in Arabic ASR. Our overall system is a combination of five acoustic models (AM): unidirectional long short term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM), time delay neural network (TDNN), TDNN layers along with LSTM layers (TDNN-LSTM) and finally TDNN layers followed by BLSTM layers (TDNN-BLSTM). The AM is trained using purely sequence trained neural networks lattice-free maximum mutual information (LFMMI). The generated lattices are rescored using a four-gram language model (LM) and a recurrent neural network with maximum entropy (RNNME) LM. Our official WER is 13%, which has the lowest WER reported on this task. Evaluation: The third part of the thesis addresses our effort in evaluating dialectal speech with no orthographic rules. Our methods learn from multiple transcribers and align the speech hypothesis to overcome the non-orthographic aspects. Our multi-reference WER (MR-WER) approach is similar to the BLEU score used in machine translation (MT). We have also automated this process by learning different spelling variants from Twitter data. We mine automatically from a huge collection of tweets in an unsupervised fashion to build more than 11M n-to-m lexical pairs, and we propose a new evaluation metric: dialectal WER (WERd). Finally, we tried to estimate the word error rate (e-WER) with no reference transcription using decoding and language features. We show that our word error rate estimation is robust for many scenarios with and without the decoding features.
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Lehto, Manja Irmeli. "Ingrian Finnish : dialect preservation and change /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413027832.
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Harrama, Abdulgialil Mohamed. "Libyan Arabic morphology: Al-Jabal dialect." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186157.
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This study deals with the morphological structure of one of Libyan Arabic varieties called al-Jabal Dialect of Libyan Arabic (JDLA). The main concern of this study is the morphological component of JDLA though a general overview of the phonological system along with major phonological processes have been presented and accounted for. Such a presentation of the phonological processes is justified by the fact that phonology and morphology do interplay greatly in many points in the grammar. This dissertation is the first study of JDLA. The presentation of this dissertation is conducted in the following way. Chapter I is an introduction. Chapter II deals in brief with the phonological system of the dialect. This includes the consonants and vowels, syllable structure, stress rules and the major phonological processes of JDLA. Phonological processes include syncope, epenthesis, assimilation, metathesis, vowel length, vowel harmony, etc. Chapter III introduces the morphology of verbs where the derivation and inflection of triliteral and quadriliteral verbs are presented in detail. This includes the derivational and inflectional processes of sound, doubled, hollow and defective verbs ... etc. JDLA morphology is a root-based morphology where different morphological categories are produced through the interdigitation of roots and vowels which might be accompanied by affixes. Such a process is a very productive method in word creation as has been pointed out in the main body of this work. Chapter IV is devoted to the morphology of nouns. The derivation and inflection of verbal nouns, instance nouns, unit nouns, feminine nouns, instrumental nouns, locative nouns, etc. are elaborated upon. Chapter V concerns with the morphology of adjectives. The derivational and inflectional processes of verbal adjectives, positive adjectives, elative adjectives and adjectives of color and defect are introduced and accounted for. Chapter VI deals with pronouns where independent and suffixed personal pronouns along with other pronouns have been dealt with. Chapter VII concludes the study by presenting the salient features of JDLA as well as recommendations for future research.
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Hillyard, Lisa Wittenberg. "A dialect study of Oregon NORMs." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3628.
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The pioneers and settlers of the Oregon Territory were not of one ilk. They came from various places and brought their separate speech patterns with them. This study sought to identify which major North American English dialect was present in the first half of the 20th century in Oregon. Analysis relied on the descriptions for the Southern, Northern, Midlands, and Western dialects. Some dialect features have acoustic measurements attached to their descriptions, and others do not. The analytical process was based on acoustic measurements for vowel classes and individual tokens, as well as global observations about the place of a particular class means within the larger vowel system. Findings indicate weak presence of Southern and Western speech patterns. The Northern and Midlands dialects were present, but they were not advanced. No single dialect predominated. Part of the process attempted to find a dialect diagnosis to help determine a one-step indicator as to which dialect may be present. Observations implied that the front/back relation of /e/ and /o/ is a reliable dialect indicator.
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Leopoldino, Everton Altmayer. "A fala dos tiroleses de Piracicaba: um perfil linguístico dos bairros Santana e Santa Olímpia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-03022010-113449/.
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São mais de cento e trinta anos de imigração tirolesa no Brasil. Ainda não sabemos exatamente qual o número real de imigrantes tiroleses que, saídos principalmente da região trentina no final do século XIX, desembarcaram em terras brasileiras com suas esperanças e o sonho de far lAmérica. Sabemos, entretanto, que sua influência cultural deixou contribuições importantes na sociedade brasileira, sobretudo nos estados do Sul e Sudeste. O presente trabalho propõe analisar a fala da comunidade tirolesa (trentina) da cidade de Piracicaba, formada por dois bairros: Santana e Santa Olímpia. Juntos, os bairros rurais são a mais significativa colônia tirolesa do estado de São Paulo, cuja variante do português, marcadamente influenciada pelo dialeto trentino (ainda mantido na comunidade e ali chamado tirolés), destaca e diferencia seus moradores no contexto linguístico piracicabano. As análises registram os aspectos principais dessa variante do português e acreditamos que servirão, alfim, para um melhor conhecimento sobre a comunidade tirolesa de Piracicaba, bem como para uma compreensão mais abrangente acerca da diversidade linguística das comunidades de imigração do Brasil.More than one hundred and thirty years have passed since the tyrolean immigration in Brazil has began and we still do not know the exactly real number of tyrolean immigrants that landed in brazilian territories with their hopes and dreams of \"far lAmerica\", most of them coming from the Trentino region in the late nineteenth century. We know, however, that their cultural influence left important contributions in the brazilian society, especially in the states of the south and southeast. This work proposes to analyze the speech of the tyrolean community (from Trentino) in the city of Piracicaba, comprised of two neighborhoods: Santana and Santa Olimpia. Together, the rural districts are the most significant tyrolean colony of São Paulo state, in which the portuguese language variant highlights and differentiates the people who lives there from the linguistic context of the city of Piracicaba, strongly influenced by the Trentinian dialect ( which remains in those neighborhoods).. The analysis show the main aspects of this variant of the portuguese language and we believe that they will be useful to better understand the tyrolean community of Piracicaba as well to improve the knowledge about the linguistic diversity of communities of immigrants in Brazil.
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Ó, Muircheartaigh Peadar. "Gaelic dialects present and past : a study of modern and medieval dialect relationships in the Gaelic languages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20473.
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This thesis focuses on the historical development of dialectal variation in the Gaelic languages with special reference to Irish. As a point of departure, competing scholarly theories concerning the historical relationships between Goidelic dialects are laid out. Next, these theories are tested using dialectometric methods of linguistic analysis. Dialectometry clearly suggests the Irish of Ulster is the most linguistically distinctive of Irish dialects. This perspective on the modern dialects is utilised in subsequent chapters to clarify our understanding of the history of Gaelic dialectal variation, especially during the Old Irish period (AD 600–900). Theoretical and methodological frameworks that have been used in the study of the historical dialectology of Gaelic are next outlined. It is argued that these frameworks may not be the most appropriate for investigating dialectal variation during the Old Irish period. For the first time, principles from historical sociolinguistics are here applied in investigating the language of the Old Irish period. In particular, the social and institutional structures which supported the stability of Old Irish as a text language during the 8th and 9th centuries are scrutinised from this perspective. The role of the ecclesiastical and political centre of Armagh as the principal and central actor in the relevant network structures is highlighted. Focus then shifts to the processes through which ‘standard’ languages emerge, with special reference to Old Irish. The evidence of a small number of texts upon which modern understandings of Old Irish was based is assessed; it is argued that these texts most likely emerged from monasteries in the northeast of Ireland and the southwest of Scotland. Secondly, the processes through which the standard of the Old Irish period is likely to have come about are investigated. It is concluded that the standard language of the period arose primarily through the agency of monastic schools in the northeast of Ireland, particularly Armagh and Bangor. It is argued that this fact, and the subsequent prominence of Armagh as a stable and supremely prestigious centre of learning throughout the period, offers a sociolinguistically robust explanation for the apparent lack of dialectal variation in the language. Finally, the socio-political situation of the Old Irish period is discussed. Models of new-dialect formation are applied to historical evidence, and combined with later linguistic evidence, in an attempt to enunciate dialectal divisions which may have existed during the period.
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Aasmäe, Niina. "Stress and quantity in Erzya /." Tartu : Tartu University Press, 2006. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/544/5/aasmaeniina.pdf.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Tartu Ülikool, 2006.Includes reproductions of seven papers originally published elsewhere. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks reprints of papers reproduced in the print.
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Swift, Mary Diane. "The development of temporal reference in Inuktitut child language." Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992920.
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McGuire, Matthew. "Dialect in contemporary Scottish and Irish fiction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29263.
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There has to date been no attempt at a detailed comparative study of contemporary Irish and Scottish literature: this thesis constitutes an attempt to do so. Specifically, it looks at the significance of the dialect novel in writing after 1979. My claim is that the dialect novel must be read in terms of the crisis facing working-class communities at the end of the twentieth century. Despite certain attempts to declare class a redundant critical category, I argue that it is fundamental to our understanding of contemporary Irish and Scottish culture. Chapter one traces the emergence of Irish-Scottish studies as an interdisciplinary field within the humanities. It also outlines the political and theoretical challenges confronting Marxism at the end of the twentieth century. Here I will introduce the work of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci. Chapter two looks at Scotland and the work of James Kelman. It examines attempts by nationalist critics to locate Kelman’s work within the so-called 'Renaissance’ of contemporary Scottish literature. Against this, I argue that Kelman’s use of dialect belongs to a class based politics that makes problematic the politics of nationalism. Chapter three looks at the Republic of Ireland and the work of Roddy Doyle. Focusing in The Commitments (1987), it examines the novel’s contentious claim that the working-class are the niggers of Ireland. The conflation of class and race will be examined in detail, particularly in light of Kelman’s own insistence that his work belongs to literature of de-colonisation. Chapter four examines the wholly neglected issue of class within the post ’69 conflict in Northern Ireland. It focuses on the role of dialect in Frances Molloy’s No Mate for the Magpie (1985) and John Boyd’s Out of my Class (1985). Chapter five considers all three regions in a more concentrated form of analysis. It concentrates on Richard Kearney’s concept of postnationalism and the postmodern theory upon which it is predicated. Although popular among both Scottish and Irish critics, I contend that this is an essentially misguided critical enterprise.
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D'Arcy, Alexandra F. "Beyond mastery : a study of dialect acquisition /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55499.pdf.
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Dembry, Claire. "Lancashire dialect grammar : a corpus-based approach." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618561.
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This thesis investigates a number of key grammatical features found in the previously under-studied Lancashire dialect. While the primary aims of the study are without doubt descriptive. a strong theoretical and methodological component to the investigation is also present. Theoretically, this study is couched within the usage-based approach to language (see e.g. Croft and Cruse, 2004: 291 -327). It employs innovative uses of new methodologies relating not only to a substantial spoken corpus, but also to a newly collated corpus compiled from historical dialect literature texts. Corpus resources are also supported by acceptability judgements and tasks which are gathered from a large number of respondents using new techniques in order to maximise the extent and significance of the data presented here. This thesis details variation that is already well documented in other varieties of English (e.g. relativization, verbal agreement), but differentiates itself by highlighting nuances and complexities not previously considered before, such as semantic differences in the HAVEn’t to construction; constructional competition in the Northern Subject Rule and approaches to using corpora in measuring sociolinguistic salience. Underpinning the thesis is the idea that the interplay between non-standard data and theoretical linguistics can be bidirectional, where theory can inform the analysis of dialect data, and such analysis of dialect data can inform the formulation or further refinement of new or existing linguistic theory (see also Hollmann and Siewierska, 2011 , Hollmann, to appear, and references cited therein). The methods used here and the research presented by employing these methods in the subsequent chapters emphasize the need for a broad range of resource types in order to strengthen claims made in sociolinguistic research.
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Ahmad, K. A.-M. "Intonation of a Gulf Arabic dialect : Zubairi." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376823.
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Coughlan, Taylor. "The Aesthetics of Dialect in Hellenistic Epigram." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459440096.
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Jones, Mari Catrin. "Language and dialect death in contemporary Wales." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260549.
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Häsler, Katrin Louise. "A grammar of the Tibetan Sde.dge dialect /." [S.l : s.n.], 1999. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Alshahwan, Majid. "Speech characteristics of Arabic speakers : dialect variations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13296/.
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Arabic is spoken by more than 280 million people around the world and has been subject to attention in a number of acoustic phonetic studies. However, there are a limited number of studies on Gulf Arabic dialects and the majority of these studies have focused mainly on male speakers. Therefore, this study aimed to explore two Gulf Arabic dialects, the central Najdi dialect from Saudi Arabia and the Bahraini Bahraini dialect from Bahrain. It aimed to establish normative data for the Diadochokinetic Rate (DDK), Voice Onset Time (VOT), Fundamental Frequency (F0) and Formant Frequencies (F1-F3) for male (n = 40) and female (n = 40) speakers from both dialects. Furthermore, it aimed to investigate whether there are differences between the two dialects. Another direction of the research was to examine whether differences between male and female speech will be evident in both dialects. The study was accomplished using different stimuli where the monosyllables /ba, da, ga/ and a multisyllabic sequence /badaga/ were selected to analyse the DDK rates. VOT duration was examined in monosyllablic minimal pair words containing the initial voiced stops /b, d/ and the three long vowels /a:, i:, u:/, and in words containing the initial voiceless stops /t, k/, initial voiced/voiceless stops /d, t/ and plain/emphatic alveolar stops /t, t*/ and the two long vowels /i:, u:/. F0 was examined in the sustained phonation of the /a, i, u/, vowels in the words presented earlier and in sentences from the Arabic version of “The North Wind and the Sun” (Thelwall & Sa’Adeddin, 1990) and two verses from the first chapter of the Quran. F1, F2 and F3 values were examined in the sustained phonation of individual vowels and in vowels in the words described earlier. Acoustic analysis was carried out by using Praat (Boersma & Weenink, 2013). A series of mixed model ANOVAs were performed to investigate dialect and sex differences for each of the parameters. Dialect and sex were the main independent variables; however, additional variables were assessed (syllable type, voicing, vowel context, place of articulation and emphasis). The first aim has been met, with normative data being established for males and females from both dialects. The results showed that for each of the parameters (DDK, VOT, F0 and formant frequencies), the dialect differences as well as the degree of differences were dependent on the stimuli type. Furthermore, sex differences were apparent for F0, F1, F2 and F3 where males had lower frequencies than females in all tasks. In addition, the results showed that females had longer VOT durations than males for voiceless stops; and in the initial emphatic /t≥/ context; males had longer VOT duration than females. However, there were no differences between male and female speakers with regard to the DDK rates, and in the VOT analysis, initial voiced stops did not show an effect for dialect and sex. Furthermore, the impact of other variables other than dialect and sex are discussed. In conclusion, dialect, and to a lesser extent, sex differences in the Arabic dialects under study, are dependent on the stimulus type. The study also showed that emphatic /t*/ might help in differentiating between different Arabic dialects.
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Raoniarisoa, Noro. "Accent and intonation in a Malagasy dialect." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/accent-and-intonation-in-a-malagasy-dialect(e779ae91-61ba-438a-be86-def551d0eaff).html.
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Chapter 1 is an introduction to the Malagasy language and gives a historical background of how the notion of accent was introduced in the description of Malagasy phonology. Chapter 2 deals with Malagasy words, their formation, their accent patterns and the rules which have been so far claimed to govern the accent patterns and the accent shift in Malagasy. New explanations are given concerning the stress shift in native Malagasy words as well as in loan words. Chapter 3 covers a series of experiments on the judgment of accent (in words and in sentences) conducted by the present author on different groups of listeners namely, linguistically trained and untrained speakers of different Malagasy dialects and Malagasy speakers' judgment of accent in a foreign language (Welsh-English). Acoustic measurements of accent as judged by the informants are reported in Chapter 4 and evaluated statistically. Chapter 5 discusses a previous theory of the Malagasy accent based on syntax. Evidence is given against such a theory. A new theory is given in chapter 6, according to which accent in Malagasy is determined by intonation. Semantics seem to play a major role in delimiting intonation-groups.
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Andriani, Luigi. "The syntax of the dialect of Bari." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269405.
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This dissertation describes and analyses a selection of morphosyntactic phenomena from the nominal, verbal and clausal domains of Barese, an upper southern Italian dialect of Puglia. Chapter 2 analyses pragmatically unmarked and marked sentential word orders in Barese. Barese is a null-subject language whose unmarked transitive word order is (S)VO, in which syntactic constituents can be displaced in accordance with their pragmatico-semantic relevance to the discourse. One peculiarity of Barese regards intransitives encoding a loco-temporal (c)overt argument, where VS and SV orders may both mark sentence-focus. While VS encodes a null loco-temporal argument, SV serves to encode broad focus whenever S is ‘accessible’ in the mind of both discourse participants forming part of their ‘common ground’. Chapter 3 examines the structure of Barese nominal expressions, focusing on the interaction between adjectives, possessives and demonstratives. Barese nominals nearly systematically precede adjectives and possessives, except for a small class of rudimentary evaluative adjectives which may occur prenominally. These orders, derived via the phrasal movement of the nominal across its modifiers, are contrasted with the head movement of a morpholexically restricted class of kinship nominals which can be modified by a defective set of enclitic possessives. The final section analyses the behaviour of Barese demonstratives, which only occur in prenominal position. In particular, a peculiar Barese structure which combines the definite article with the distal demonstrative pronoun is analysed, highlighting how it specifically marks discourse-old referents. Chapter 4 describes the mechanisms of auxiliary selection and past participle agreement operative in Barese. In relation to the former, Barese displays three different factors which may determine auxiliary selection, namely person, tense and mood. These three dimensions of variation are analysed in terms of parameter hierarchies which formalise the complexity of the semantic features involved in the selection of the auxiliaries HAVE and BE. It is argued that this complexity reflects different diachronic stages of auxiliary selection across different generations of speakers. The final section investigates Barese active past participle agreement which, unlike auxiliary selection, displays a conservative distribution licensed by direct objects and Undergoer subjects. The peculiarity of Barese, however, is that agreement is morpholexically limited to a small number of ‘strong’ participles which mark agreement exclusively through metaphonetic alternation. The final chapter is concerned with Barese progressive and andative periphrases which variously show inflected forms of the lexical verb in the 2SG-3SG of the present in place of the infinitive. These structures have been argued for Salentino and Sicilian dialects to have developed from instances of coordination with Latin AC ‘and’, which were then reinterpreted as instances of (pseudo-)coordination, namely subordination. In contrast, a different origin for these inflected forms of the lexical verb is proposed for Barese, where AC-coordination is not historically attested. It is argued that the loss of the infinitival ending -RE produced morphophonological identity, viz. syncretism, between the 3SG(/2SG) present and the infinitive, enabling the latter to be reinterpreted as a finite form within the periphrasis. This spred further across the neighbouring dialects to include more grammatical persons (3SG/2SG > 1SG > 3PL > all), as well as past and irrealis paradigms.
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Kpoglu, Promise Dodzi. "Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H003/document.
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Cette thèse concerne la description des constructions possessives en tongugbe, l’un des dialectes de l’éwé, langue parlée au sud-est du Ghana au long du fleuve Volta. La thèse présente une description détaillée des constructions; et tente de comprendre la relation qui existe entre les constructions possessives propositionnelles et les constructions locatives et existentielles. De plus, ce travail présente une première esquisse de la grammaire de tongugbe. La grammaire présente surtout des résultats préliminaires sur le contraste de durée qui existe au niveau des tons de tongugbe et un système de démonstratifs très riche. Les constructions possessives peuvent être regroupées dans trois catégories : les constructions attributives, les constructions prédicatives et les constructions à possesseur externe. Il est montré que les configurations structurelles des constructions possessives attributives sont motivées par des considérations fonctionnelles. Il est aussi démontré que les variations structurelles des constructions possessives prédicatives et des constructions à possesseur externe correspondent à des différences de sens. Enfin, il est argumenté que, synchroniquement, les constructions possessives propositionnelles et les constructions locatives et existentielles ne peuvent pas être réduites à une structure unique. La proposition soutenue est que chaque construction est une correspondance entre une forme et un sensThis dissertation concerns the description of possessive constructions in Tongugbe, one of the many dialects of the Ewe language, which is spoken in south-eastern Ghana, along the Volta River. It presents a detailed description of the constructions; and explores the relationship that exists between clausal possessive constructions and locative and existential constructions. In addition to this, the work presents a first outline grammar of Tongugbe. The grammar presents notably preliminary findings on the duration contrast in tones of Tongugbe and a rich demonstrative paradigm. The possessive constructions can be grouped into attributive, predicative and external possessor constructions. It is shown that the structural configurations of attributive possessive constructions are functionally motivated. It is also demonstrated that structural variations in predicative possessive and external possessor constructions correspond to differences in meaning. Finally, it is argued that, synchronically, clausal possessive constructions and locative and existential constructions are not reducible to a single structure. The view supported here then is that each construction is a form-meaning pair
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Furumoto, Makoto. "On the copula in the Kikae dialect of Swahili." Swahili Forum 22 (2015), S. 20-41, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14605.
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The Kikae dialect is a regional variety of Swahili spoken in the southern part of Unguja, the largest island of the Zanzibar archipelago. In this dialect, the morpheme -wa preceded by a subject prefix, which agrees with the subject in person or noun class, is used as a copula. This form is used in neither Standard Swahili nor the Kiunguja dialect considered prestigious dialects of Swahili. In this paper, I describe the morphological and semantic characteristics of this copula, which have not been observed in previous studies, and propose a possible grammaticalisation path of the copula based on its synchronic properties and typological evidence. The following three claims will be made: 1. the subject prefix -wa morphologically corresponds to the perfect form, but does not encode a prior event unlike the perfect form of other verbs. 2. The use of the subject prefix -wa copula is restricted to ‘predicational sentences’. 3. It is highly probable that the subject prefix -wa has grammaticalized from a locative verb
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Fors, Jacob. "Föllenskan : en sociolingvistisk studie av en landsortsdialekt och dess förändring." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Svenska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43572.
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Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om, och i så fall hur, dialekten i landsorten Förlanda har förändrats. Beskrivningen av Förlandas dialekt bygger på det som har dokumenterats i Ahlquist (2010) Förlanda: svunna tider från Skäreskog till Lövsjöns strand. Studien har genomförts med en sociolingvistisk metod och genom två gruppsamtal, ett med äldre informanter och ett med yngre informanter, samt en enkätundersökning. Med hjälp av detta material vill jag svara på frågorna: Har dialekten förändrats? Vad i dialekten har förändrats? Samt vilka faktorer kan ha påverkat förändringen? Gruppsamtalen ligger till grund för att besvara de två förstnämnda frågorna och enkäten, som bygger på informanternas uppfattningar kring dialekten, orten och hur fysiskt och socialt rörliga de är samt deras attityd mot den egna dialekten och dialektförändring, används för att besvara den sistnämnda frågan. Tidigare forskning har visat att anknytning till orten, kön, ålder och rörlighet alla har varit faktorer som har påverkat en dialektförändring mer eller mindre. Denna studies resultat visar att dialekten i Förlanda har genomgått en förändring. Den yngre generationen använder sig inte av de tidigare dokumenterade dialektvariablerna i lika hög utsträckning som den äldre generationen. Dock använder sig den yngre generationen av en uppsättning dialektvariabler som inte är dokumenterade tidigare i högre utsträckning gentemot den äldre generationen. Den faktorn som var den viktigaste för att en informant skulle tala den lokala dialekten var anknytning till orten. De informanter som hade gått i skolan på orten eller arbetat där använde sig av dialektalavariabler i högre utsträckning än övriga informanter.
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Vousten, Rob. "Dialect als tweede taal : linguïstische en extra-linguïstische aspecten van de verwerving van een Noordlimburgs dialect door standaardtalige jongeren /." Amsterdam : Thesis publ, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41021687t.
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Smith, Jane S. "A morphosyntactic analysis of the verb group in Cajun French /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8293.
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Hedges, Stephanie Nicole. "A Latent Class Analysis of American English Dialects." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6480.
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Research on the dialects of English spoken within the United States shows variation regarding lexical, morphological, syntactic, and phonological features. Previous research has tended to focus on one linguistic variable at a time with variation. To incorporate multiple variables in the same analysis, this thesis uses a latent class analysis to perform a cluster analysis on results from the Harvard Dialect Survey (2003) in order to investigate what phonetic variables from the Harvard Dialect Survey are most closely associated with each dialect. This thesis also looks at how closely the latent class analysis results correspond to the Atlas of North America (Labov, Ash & Boberg, 2005b) and how well the results correspond to Joshua Katz's heat maps (Business Insider, 2013; Byrne, 2013; Huffington Post, 2013; The Atlantic, 2013). The results from the Harvard Dialect Survey generally parallel the findings of the Linguistic Atlas of North American English, providing support for six basic dialects of American English. The variables with the highest probability of occurring in the North dialect are ‘pajamas: /æ/’, ‘coupon: /ju:/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’ ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, and ‘caramel: 2 syllables’. For the South dialect, the top variables are ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, ‘lawyer: /ɒ/’, ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, and ‘poem’ as 2 syllables. The top variables in the West dialect include ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’. For the New England dialect, they are ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘route: /ru:t/’, ‘caramel: 3 syllables’, ‘mayonnaise: /ejɑ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’. The top variables for the Midland dialect are ‘pajamas: /æ/’, ‘coupon: /u:/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’ and for New York City and the Mid-Atlantic States, they are ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, ‘been: /ɪ/’, ‘route: /ru:t/’, ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’, and ‘coupon: /u:/’. One major discrepancy between the results from the latent class analysis and the linguistic atlas is the region of the low back merger. In the latent class analysis, the North dialect has a low probability of the ‘cot/caught’ low back vowel distinction, whereas the linguistic atlas found this to be a salent variable of the North dialect. In conclusion, these results show that the latent class analysis corresponds with current research, as well as adding additional information with multiple variables.
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Okumura, Nao. "Japanese Dialect Ideology from Meiji to the Present." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3142.
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The intent of this study is to examine the trajectory of ideology regarding standard Japanese and dialects from the historical perspective, and also to discuss the cause of the post-war shift of the ideology. Before the war, the government attempted to disseminate hyojun-go aiming at creating a unified Japan in the time when many countries were developing to be nation states after industrial revolution. After the Pacific war, the less strict-sounding term kyotsu-go was more often used, conveying an ideology of democratization. Yet despite the difference in the terms, speaking a common language continues to play a role of unifying the country.
Today there is great interest in regional dialects in Japan. Although kyotsu-go is the common language, most people, especially in urban areas, are familiar with (if not fluent in) kyotsu-go. Due to the development of media and mobilization there are few people who cannot understand kyotsu-go. However, until around the 1970s people were more likely to believe in the superiority of standard Japanese (hyojun-go). Standard language was believed to be superior as a result of language policy that had its origins in Meiji and lasted through WWII. This included education policy that required school children to learn hyojun-go. After the war, in a process of democratization there emerged greater acceptance of language variety: dialect. Thus, there has been a shift in language ideology in Japan, and the people's interests in dialects is one indicator of this. This shift is analyzed here from the perspective of Bourdieu's notion of social and linguistic capital, tying it to policy, historical events and societal change.
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Larsson, Christensen Emma. "What you mean, laa? Scouse - dialect or accent?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16921.
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Liverpool English, also known as Scouse, is an easily distinguishable accent, but whether or not it contains enough regionally specific grammar and vocabulary to be considered its own dialect is another matter. This Bachelor’s thesis set out to investigate this using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods on data consisting of informal interviews found on the website Youtube with people from Liverpool. These videos were selected based on the assumption that people with discernible accents are most likely to also speak with a dialect. The results of the research showed that discerning whether or not Scouse is a dialect is not as straightforward as it would seem. Depending on the judgment of how many regional features are enough, the conclusion of this project was that the appearance of any items is sufficient to claim that Scouse is indeed a dialect.
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Salveson, P. S. "Region, class, culture : Lancashire dialect literature 1746-1935." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14672/.
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The thesis looks at the origin and development of Lancashire dialect literature between the publication of John Collier's ('Tim Bobbin') A View of the Lancashire Dialect in 1746, and the death of Allen Clarke ('Teddy Ashton') in 1935. The thesis is partly chronological, paying particular attention to the largely unexplored period of dialect writing between the 1890s and the 1930s, which suggests that earlier assessments of dialect literature need revision. The period before the First World War witnessed the development of a dialect literature closely linked to the labour movement in Lancashire, and contributed to the development of a distinctive socialist culture. For a time at least, dialect literature escaped from the middle class patronage which characterised it in the 1850s and 1860s, aided by the existence of an independent, Lancashire-based, press. Dialect literature was never a pure, unadulterated 'voice of the people', and it was used both by middle and working class social forces to support rival value systems. An argument in dialect suggested a practical, common sense, wisdom, regardless of the actual message. Dialect poetry was used by different writers to support imperialist adventures, Irish home rule, left-wing socialism, and to oppose strikes, women's suffrage, and restrictions on access to the countryside. The literature represented divisions within the working class, as well as attempts from the middle class to influence it. Differing class and political standpoints were, on occasions, transcended by a wider regional consciousness in which dialect had a prominent place. Particular themes within dialect literature are explored, contributing to current debates on class, identity, and gender. The treatment of women, war and imperialism, work, and the 'Cotton Famine' of 1861-4 are examined in separate chapters. Selfcriticism, and defences of dialect writing, are looked at in Chapter 6 on "Defending Dialect".
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Baloubi, Desire. "The morphophonemics of the Idaacha dialect of Yoruba." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191103.
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This study describes the grammar of the Idaacha dialect of Yoruba in the areas ofphonology and morphophonemics within the framework of generative phonology and the autosegmental approach. In particular, it builds upon Kouyomou's (1986) major work, Phonologie de la langue Idaasha, and argues that the language has eighteen consonants, /b/,/m/, /f/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /n/, /1/, /r/, /c/, /j/, /j/, /k/, /g/, /kp/, /gb/, /w/, /h/, and twelve vowels, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/, /c/, /o/, /a/, r/, /u/, /E /, /o/, /a/.Particular attention is paid to vowel harmony (VH) and tones. It is argued that the high vowels, /i/, r/, /u/, and /u/ do not participate in this process. As one would expect, VH rules do not apply across word boundaries; they apply before processes such as contraction, abbreviation, and compounding. In regard to tones, it is pointed out that a three-way tonal system is a major characteristic of the language. However, a phenomenon of M/L neutralization is underlined in a specific environment: a final low tone in a verb followed by a direct object noun. In this environment, a low (L) tone changes to mid (M), but the M/L alternation is optional before an initial low-toned noun.In addition to describing these phonological processes, this work examines the morphophonemics of the language. It argues that, like Standard Yoruba (SY), Idaacha hasopen syllables: V and CV. Therefore, words are shaped as VCV, CVCV, VCVCV, and longer lexical items build upon these basic sequences. Morphemes are described with special reference to derivational processes. The issue of prefixation is discussed, and it is claimed that, besides the existing nominalizing prefixes, one cannot prove convincingly, on the basis of synchronic analysis, that the initial vowel in every VCV noun is a prefix. The morphophonemics of nominals is described with regard to associative constructions, noun compounding, verb-noun contraction, and deverbal nouns.Department of English
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Black, Merja Ritta. "Studies in the dialect materials of medieval Herefordshire." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/775/.
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This thesis is an investigation into the medieval dialect of the pre-1974 county of Herefordshire. The main source materials consist of a group of literary texts of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, localised in the Herefordshire area by linguistic means. The study builds on the methodology developed in connection with the Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English (McIntosh, Samuels and Benskin 1986), but goes far beyond it both in its analysis of the individual texts and in using the data for descriptive and interpretative study. The aim is to contextualise and evaluate the evidence, as well as to gain a broad view of the characteristics of the dialect, including both diatopic and diachronic patterns and developments. In order to assess their value as evidence, a detailed dialect is carried out for each individual text; as part of this process, the Atlas localisations are reviewed, taking into consideration the full material now available, and various linguistic and textual questions are discussed. A set of dialect criteria for the localisation of texts within Herefordshire and the South-West Midland area is defined. While the study focuses on the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century materials, comparisons with earlier and later periods are made. Several thirteenth-century literary texts are discussed in detail, including the well-known 'AB-language' and the two manuscripts of The Owl and the Nightingale; the material is further related to the available evidence for the Old, Early Modern and Present-Day English periods. A series of studies of specific areas of grammar and phonology are carried out, covering topics such as the changes affecting the systems of gender, case and number since the Old English period, and the developments of the Early Middle English front rounded vowels, and of Germanic a. A language contact-based explanation of the Old English sound-change known as 'second fronting' is suggested. The linguistic patterns are related to the external history of the dialect, including geographical, political and settlement patterns, language contact with Welsh, and social/economic factors.