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1
Gonzalez, Johnson Aracelis Maydee. "Dialectal Allophonic Variation in L2 Pronunciation." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/783.
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This thesis investigated the realization of the English voiceless post-alveolar affricate and the voiceless post-alveolar fricative in native Panamanian speakers learning English as a second language. The Spanish of Panama has a typical deaffrication process where the post-alveolar affricate phoneme is mostly pronounced as a fricative; as a result, the Spanish affricate has two allophones, the voiceless post-alveolar affricate and the voiceless post-alveolar fricative that occur in free variation in the Spanish of Panama. The word positions tested were word initially and finally only. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine the dominant sound in the Spanish of Panama, to identify dialectal allophonic transfer from the Spanish of Panama, and to verify the accomplishment of the phonemic split in English through the frequency of usage of the target sounds. Subsequently, in order to exemplify the deaffrication phonological process of Panama, I developed and discussed a Feature Geometry of the Spanish language along with the Underspecified consonants of the Spanish language. In addition, I tested three main theories about acquisition of contrastive target sounds, Markedness, and similarity and dissimilarity of sounds. The results showed that these Panamanian learners of English produced the English voiceless post-alveolar fricative significantly more target appropriately than the English voiceless post-alveolar affricate. This indicates that the dominant sound in the Spanish of Panama is the dialectal allophone, the voiceless post-alveolar fricative, which I suggest may become the default post-alveolar phoneme in the Spanish of Panama. Subsequently, the high frequency of the voiceless post-alveolar fricative also indicates that the participants transferred their Panamanian Spanish dialectal allophone, the voiceless post-alveolar fricative, into English and more importantly, they have not reached the phonemic split for these two English target sounds. Taking the dialectal allophone, the voiceless post-alveolar fricative, as the default post-alveolar phoneme in the Spanish of Panama, The Markedness Differential Hypothesis (Eckman, 1977) accounts for the observed trends described as follows: the learning of the less marked sound (English voiceless post-alveolar fricative) was easier to acquire and the learning of the more marked sound (English voiceless post-alveolar affricate) was difficult to acquire.
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Childs, Claire. "Variation and change in English negation : a cross-dialectal perspective." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3577.
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Although negation is a linguistic universal (Dahl 1979; Horn 2001: xiii), the ways in which it is expressed are highly variable within and across languages (Miestamo 2005; de Swart 2010: 245). This thesis focuses on this variation in English, using corpora of informal conversations recorded in Glasgow (Scotland), Tyneside (North East England) and Salford (North West England) to study three variables: 1. Not-/no-negation and negative concord e.g. I don’t have any money / I have no money / I don’t have no money 2. Non-quantificational never and didn’t e.g. I never saw / I didn’t see that programme last night 3. Negative tags e.g. It’s a nice day, isn’t it / int it / innit? This research aims to bridge the gap between two typically distinct sub-fields of linguistics: variationist sociolinguistics and formal linguistic theory. The investigation draws upon formal theory in (i) defining the linguistic variables and their contexts; (ii) generating hypotheses to test using the spoken data; and (iii) interpreting the results of the quantitative variationist analysis in a theoretically-informed manner. The analysis takes a comparative approach (Poplack & Tagliamonte 2001) to examine whether the factors conditioning negation are subject to regional differentiation. The results demonstrate that all three variables are most significantly constrained by internal factors such as verb type and lexical aspect. Although the relative frequency of variants always differs across geographical space, the underlying system is the same. Discourse-pragmatic factors apply consistently for the not/no/concord and never/didn’t variables, whereas the negative tags are more variable in this regard and are sensitive to social and situational factors. These different strands of evidence together provide support for particular theoretical accounts of how variants are derived from the grammar (not/no/concord) and how they have grammaticalised over time (never/didn’t and negative tags).
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Vogel, Ralf. "Dialectal variation in German 3-verb clusters : looking for the best analysis." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3251/.
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Content:
1 The Typology
1.1 Object Placement
2 Treatment of StG in terms of LF Movement – with and without Head Movement
3 An OT-solution in terms of linearisation (‘LF-to-PF-Mapping’)
3.1 The trigger for additional orders: Focus
3.2 Competitions
3.3 Summary
4 RP
4.1 LF Movement – with and without Head Movement
4.2 The OT-account for RP
4.3 Competitions
5 Summary
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Del, Giudice Philippe. "Réflexion préliminaire à la réalisation d'un dictionnaire du dialecte niçois." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2035.
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Que serait un bon dictionnaire du dialecte occitan de Nice ? Afin de répondre à cette question, la Réflexion préliminaire articule un propos théorique de nature métalexicographique et linguistique avec une étude ciblée du champ d’application dialectal. Sur le plan théorique, le modèle général d’élaboration et d’analyse des outils lexicographiques que l’on propose est couplé à une étude de la problématique dialectale. Un retour sur les aspects fondamentaux de la linguistique du signe complète le tout. Il montre que le dictionnaire – dialectal en particulier – gagne à adopter le point de vue de la sémantique motivation¬nelle, selon laquelle le caractère essentiellement arbitraire des unités lexi¬cales doit être réfuté. Conformément à la méthode fondamentale suggérée dans la mise au point théorique, le développe¬ment s’intéresse en détail au contexte lexicographique puis aux configurations linguistique et socio¬linguistique du dialecte niçois. L’analyse historico-critique insiste sur la diversité des dictionnaires occitans et sur les limites d’une lexicographie d’oc qui, depuis la fin de son âge d’or (de 1840 au début du XXe siècle) a cessé de développer des méthodes innovantes. Ce panorama lexicographique débouche sur l’inventaire de nou¬veaux besoins. L’étude (socio)linguistique qui le suit s’attache à définir l’espace dialectal niçois, à présenter les modalités de la variation et à circonscrire l’état de langue actuel. Elle aboutit à une proposition de structuration des données protéiformes qui repose sur la désignation (et sur l’élaboration) d’une variété référentielle. L’échantillon du Dictionnaire variationnel du niçois constitue le point d’orgue de la réflexionWhat would characterize a good dictionary of Nice’s Occitan dialect? To answer this question, this PhD dissertation links a theoretical approach of a metalexicographical and linguistic nature with a targeted study of the specific dialectal field of application. On the theoretical level, the thesis proposes a general model for the development and analysis of lexicographical tools that is coupled with a study of the dialectal problematic. A return to the basic aspects of the linguistic sign completes the whole and shows that a dictionary – especially a dialectal one – benefits greatly from the adoption of the motivational semantics point of view, according to which the arbitrary character of lexical units must be refuted. Following the basic method suggested in the theoretical section, the development also examines the lexicographical context and then studies in detail the linguistic and sociolinguistic configurations of the Niçois dialect. The historico-critical analysis insists on the diversity of Occitan dictionaries and on the limits of an Occitan lexicography which, since the end of its golden age (from 1840 to the beginning of the 20th century) has ceased to develop innovative methods. This lexicographical panorama leads to an inventory of new needs. The (socio-)linguistic study which follows sets out to define the dialectal space of Niçois, to present the modalities of variation and to circumscribe the current state of the language. It concludes with a proposal for the structuring of protean data based on the designation (and on the elaboration) of a referential variety. A sample of the Variational Dictionary of Niçois is the culmination of the study
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Ó, Muircheartaigh Peadar. "Gaelic dialects present and past : a study of modern and medieval dialect relationships in the Gaelic languages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20473.
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This thesis focuses on the historical development of dialectal variation in the Gaelic languages with special reference to Irish. As a point of departure, competing scholarly theories concerning the historical relationships between Goidelic dialects are laid out. Next, these theories are tested using dialectometric methods of linguistic analysis. Dialectometry clearly suggests the Irish of Ulster is the most linguistically distinctive of Irish dialects. This perspective on the modern dialects is utilised in subsequent chapters to clarify our understanding of the history of Gaelic dialectal variation, especially during the Old Irish period (AD 600–900). Theoretical and methodological frameworks that have been used in the study of the historical dialectology of Gaelic are next outlined. It is argued that these frameworks may not be the most appropriate for investigating dialectal variation during the Old Irish period. For the first time, principles from historical sociolinguistics are here applied in investigating the language of the Old Irish period. In particular, the social and institutional structures which supported the stability of Old Irish as a text language during the 8th and 9th centuries are scrutinised from this perspective. The role of the ecclesiastical and political centre of Armagh as the principal and central actor in the relevant network structures is highlighted. Focus then shifts to the processes through which ‘standard’ languages emerge, with special reference to Old Irish. The evidence of a small number of texts upon which modern understandings of Old Irish was based is assessed; it is argued that these texts most likely emerged from monasteries in the northeast of Ireland and the southwest of Scotland. Secondly, the processes through which the standard of the Old Irish period is likely to have come about are investigated. It is concluded that the standard language of the period arose primarily through the agency of monastic schools in the northeast of Ireland, particularly Armagh and Bangor. It is argued that this fact, and the subsequent prominence of Armagh as a stable and supremely prestigious centre of learning throughout the period, offers a sociolinguistically robust explanation for the apparent lack of dialectal variation in the language. Finally, the socio-political situation of the Old Irish period is discussed. Models of new-dialect formation are applied to historical evidence, and combined with later linguistic evidence, in an attempt to enunciate dialectal divisions which may have existed during the period.
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Lecharpentier, Coralie. "Variation dialectale et orthographique en romani : étude à partir d'une page du réseaux social Facebook." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR115.
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Le romani, ou romanes, est une langue parlée historiquement par des communautés qui s’autodénomment « Roms », « Sintos » et « Calos ». Dans cette thèse, on se propose d'analyser une page du réseau social Facebook, comportant de nombreux messages en langue romani. Dans un premier temps, nous identifierons les dialectes présents sur la page et étudierons la diversité des pratiques orthographiques. Puis, on analysera comment la variation est prise en compte par les locuteurs, en évoquant les problématiques d'intercompréhension, d'identité et de revitalisation. Le but de notre recherche est de faire un état des lieux des besoins, réussites et représentations des locuteurs du romani afin d’accompagner ce qui pourrait être un processus d’autogestion langagièreRomani, also known as Romanes, is a language historically spoken by communities who call themselves “Roma”, “Sinti” and “Kalo”. The purpose of this thesis is to study a page of the social network Facebook which includes many messages written in Romani language. First of all, we will identify the dialects used on the page and we will describe the diversity of spelling practices. Then, we wil analyze the way variation is taken into account by the speakers, discussing the issues of mutual understanding, identity and revitalization. Our research focuses on determining the needs, successes and representations of the Romani speakers in order to support a possible linguistic self-management
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Martinez-Sanz, Cristina. "Null and Overt Subjects in a Variable System: The Case of Dominican Spanish." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20449.
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This dissertation investigates subject expression patterns in Dominican Spanish (DS). In this variety, the null subject constructions associated with Non-Caribbean Spanish co-exist with the widespread use of overt subjects, which are found in specific constructions that are either rare or unattested in other Spanish varieties. Interestingly, these structures co-exist in the Dominican grammar with the null subject constructions associated with Non-Caribbean Spanish.
While subject expression has been studied in a number of Spanish dialects within the generative and the variationist paradigms, monolingual Dominican Spanish, to the best of my knowledge, has not been investigated in previous variationist work. This study covers this gap by examining a large corpus of spontaneous speech (N=6005) gathered in the capital city of Santo Domingo and a rural area in the northwestern Cibao region. Furthermore, in line with the cohesive approach to syntactic variation developed in recent work (Adger and Smith 2005), theoretical implications are drawn from quantitative results.
The results obtained in this study show that null and overt subject patterns in DS are regulated by the same constraints that have been found relevant in previous variationist work, i.e. discourse-related factor groups and Person (Otheguy, Zentella and Livert, 2007). These results depart from previous work in that evidence for language change in progress has been found in subject position patterns, rather than in null and overt subject distribution. When this phenomenon is examined, urban, young, high-middle class and female speakers arise as the social groups leading grammatical restructuring.
Quantitative and qualitative evidence is taken into account for testing previous syntactic-theoretical proposals on DS. Taking the cartographic approach to syntactic structure (Rizzi 1997) as a point of departure, it will proposed that multiple specifier positions are available within the TP and CP fields to host strong and weak subjects. This proposal, in turn, makes it possible to account for the Null Subject Parameter profile displayed by synchronic DS without resorting to competing grammars in the minds of the speakers.
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German, Gary. "Language shift, Diglossia and dialectal variation in Western Brittany : the case of Southern Cornouaille." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1926/.
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Extract:
[...]In the first part of this paper I trace the language shift from Breton to French within the historical, social and ideological framework in which it occurred. I then argue that 19th and 20th-century attempts by scholars and militants to rehabilitate the Breton language led to the creation of a unified standard (peurunvan).2 The consequence has been the rise of a three-way diglossic rapport between the speakers of French, the new Breton standard3 and those of the traditional Breton vernaculars. Taking the varieties of southern Cornouaille (Finistère) between Quimper and Quimperlé as a point of comparison,4 I focus on a number of phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical features which, though far from exhausttive, are not generally taken into account in the new standard language. These details provide a general idea of how varieties of Breton function at the micro-dialectological level, as well as ways in which they can differ from the standard and other spoken varieties.
The paper concludes with observations regarding the necessity to consider languages, language varieties and their speakers within relevant social contexts.[...]
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Statkewich-Maharaj, Naomi. "La distribution géographique des types lexicaux dans l'espace dialectal du nord-ouest de la France : bardane, coquelicot, liseron, mercuriale, renoncule." Avignon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AVIG1073.
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La distribution géographique du lexique dialectal ne connaît pas de limites précises, du moins pas comme celles que l’on peut relever au niveau phonétique. À partir d’un corpus constitué de données tirées d’atlas linguistiques régionaux du nord-ouest de la France et qui porte sur les appellations de cinq plantes sauvages (bardane, coquelicot, liseron, mercuriale, renoncule), cette étude vise non pas à tracer des isoglosses lexicales, mais plutôt à relever d’éventuelles tendances auxquelles est soumise la distribution lexicale. Avant de procéder à l’examen de leur distribution géographique, chacun des types lexicaux est rattaché à un étymon, en considérant à la fois les aspects phonétique et sémantique des lexèmes ; nous procédons donc à une étude de l’évolution phonétique et de la motivation de chacune des appellations. L’étude de distribution lexicale consiste à examiner de près les aires en les situant à la fois dans l’espace et dans le temps ; elle s’effectue d’abord au niveau de l’étymon et, le cas échéant, à celui des types lexicaux dialectaux qui en sont issus. La tendance générale est celle d’une marginalisation de plusieurs types lexicaux qui s’effectue à partir d’une zone centrale du domaine d’étude. Cette hypothèse remet en question des idées bien établies selon lesquelles les régions les plus isolées sont aussi celles qui renferment les types lexicaux les plus archaïques, et que les parlers proches de Paris sont ceux qui cèdent les premiers à l’influence du françaisDialectal vocabulary and its geographical distribution do not know limits comparable to those in the field of phonetics. Using data collected from regional linguistic atlases of North-Western France, specifically in relation to the names of five wild plants (bindweed, burdock, buttercup, mercury herb, poppy), this study aims not to define lexical isoglosses, but rather to find possible tendencies governing lexical distribution. Before proceeding with the study of geographical distribution, each lexeme will be attributed to an etymon through careful consideration of both the phonetic and semantic aspects. The phonetic evolution and the motivation of each plant name are therefore studied. The study of lexical distribution involves the close examination of each of the lexical areas while placing them both in time and space ; the study first considers the etymons and, where necessary, the dialectal lexemes which are the product of these etymons. The main tendencies brought to light from the analysis of this data underline a theory of the marginalization of lexemes that begins in a central zone of the area studied. This hypothesis challenges certain well-established ideas according to which (i) the most isolated regions are also those which conserve the oldest lexemes, and (ii) the dialects located near Paris are those the most affected by the influence of French
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Panarello, Annacristina. "Traducir el dialecto: técnicas y estrategias en las traducciones al español de la narrativa italiana moderna parcialmente dialectal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670716.
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La traducció de les varietats dialectals és un vessant dels estudis traductològics que ha estat tractat sumàriament per diversos autors, sense que s’hagi arribat, al dia d’avui, a una solució clara i definitiva sobre com el traductor hauria (o podria) afrontar aquest tipus de textos.Amb aquest treball no pretenem resoldre el problema, però volem fer llum sobre la tendència passada i present dels traductors espanyols en la traducció de la narrativa italiana en el marc temporal que va de finals del segle XIX fins al segle XXI i defensar la hipòtesi de l’aplicabilitat dels dialectes hispànics a la traducciò de las varietats geograficolingüístiques italianes.
Concretament, en aquest treball ens plantegem dos objectius.
El primer és de tipus descriptiu: analitzar com s’ han traduït las varietats dialectals en un corpus narratiu de traduccions de l’italià a l’espanyol, concretament traduccions de novel∙les els originals de les quals daten de la segona meitat del segle XIX, del segle XX o del XXI. Sense arribar a implementar una metodologia empiricoquantística, volem confirmar si, com creiem, molt majoritàriament s’ha optat per l’estandardització i fer una anàlisi mès detallada dels casos en els quals s’ha buscat una alternativa.
El segon objectiu és de tipus propositiu: elaborar una proposta traductiva per a afrontar las varietats lingüístiques italianas. Concretament, elaborarem una proposta que contempli l’ús de les varietats lingüístiques espanyoles, considerant-les des d’una perspectiva sociocultural i no necessàriament diatòpica. L’elaboració d’aquesta proposta preveu la adquisiciò de documentació i coneixements previs sobre la representació gràfica de las varietats dialectales espanyolas dins el polisistema lingüístic i literari espanyol.La traducción de las variedades dialectales es una vertiente de los estudios traductológicos abordada sumariamente por varios autores, sin que se haya llegado, hoy en día, a tener una solución clara y definitiva sobre cómo el traductor debería (o podría) afrontar este tipo de textos. Con este trabajo no pretendemos solucionar el problema, pero sí queremos arrojar luz sobre la tendencia pasada y vigente de los traductores españoles en la traducción de la narrativa italiana en el marco temporal que va desde finales del siglo XIX hasta el siglo XXI y defender la hipótesis de la aplicabilidad de los dialectos hispánicos a la traducción de las variedades geográfico-lingüísticas italianas. Concretamente, en el presente trabajo perseguimos dos objetivos. El primero es de orden descriptivo: analizar cómo se han traducido las variedades dialectales en un corpus narrativo de traducciones del italiano al español, concretamente traducciones de novelas cuyos originales datan de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, del siglo XX o del XXI. Sin llegar a implementar una metodología empírica, pretendemos confirmar si, como creemos, muy mayoritariamente se ha optado por la estandarización y hacer un análisis más detallado de los casos en que se ha buscado una alternativa a la misma. El segundo objetivo es de orden propositivo: elaborar una propuesta de traducción para afrontar las variedades lingüísticas italianas. Concretamente, elaboraremos una propuesta que contemple el uso de las variedades lingüísticas españolas, considerando las mismas desde una perspectiva socio-cultural y no necesariamente diatópica. La elaboración de dicha propuesta prevé la adquisición de documentación y conocimientos previos sobre la representación gráfica de variedades dialectales españolas dentro del polisistema lingüístico y literario español.
The translation of dialects and linguistic varieties is a branch of translation studies which has been briefly tackled by several authors. To date, a clear and definitive solution on how the translator should (or could) deal with this type of texts has not been found yet. This project does not claim to solve this problem, but aims to shed light on Spanish translators' past and current tradition in the translation of Italian novels in the period that goes from the second half of the XIX century to the XX and XXI centuries. We intend to defend the hypothesis of the possible application of Spanish dialects to the translation of Italian geographical-linguistic varieties. Concretely, we pursue two goals in this project. The first is a descriptive goal: the analysis of the translation of dialect varieties within a corpus of Italian novels and the corresponding Spanish translations, whose originals versions date back to the second half of the XIX century, to the XX and XXI centuries. Far from the implementation of a quantum-empirical methodology, we intend to prove if, as we do believe, the standardization of linguistic varieties is the most considered option within the Spanish translation tradition, and, besides, to proceed with a detailed analysis of those cases where an alternative option was proposed. The second goal concerns the elaboration of a translation proposal: we aim to propose a way to translate the Italian dialects into Spanish. Concretely, we aim to elaborate a translation model which includes the Spanish linguistic varieties, in the light of a socio-cultural perspective and not necessarily of a geographic correspondence. The elaboration of such a proposal requires specific material and a deep knowledge of the graphic representation of Spanish dialects within the Spanish linguistic and literary polysystem.
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Swan, Julia Thomas. "Language ideologies, border effects, and dialectal variation| Evidence from /ae/, /aupsilon/, and /ai/ in Seattle, WA and Vancouver, BC." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158013.
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Previous studies of border regions have characterized linguistic divergence as a natural consequence of the social psychological and cognitive processes speakers apply in constructing their conceptualizations of the border and those on the other side (Auer 2005). For the border shared by Canada and the United States, in particular, Boberg (2000) highlights a resistance to the diffusion of sound change across the national border. While providing some valid descriptions, these assessments neglect the multi-faceted social function of language to both unite and distinguish speakers and social groups. They also ignore the potentially important role of cultural affinity and regional solidarity spanning a national border. As Irvine & Gal (2000) explain, ideological processes that serve to project contrasts occur recursively and simultaneously with processes that ideologically erase other contrasts at different levels of the system. These ideological processes have consequences for linguistic structure and for sound change. With its strong regional solidarity spanning the U.S.-Canadian border and lack of previous trans-border comparisons in the region, the Pacific Northwest is an ideal site to examine the effects of these ideological processes. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)
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Roussel, Basile. "À la recherche du temps (et des modes) perdu(s) : une étude variationniste en temps réel du français acadien parlé dans le nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41410.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre des récents travaux relatifs à la trajectoire des parlers du français acadien des Provinces Maritimes du Canada (cf. Beaulieu et Cichocki, 2014, 2016; Comeau et al., 2016; Flikeid, 1994, 1997; King, 2013; King et al., 2018, parmi d’autres). Elle propose de mettre à l’épreuve l’hypothèse généralement admise stipulant que certains parlers acadiens, tels que ceux parlés au Nouveau-Brunswick (N.-B.), auraient changé conformément à une série de contacts dialectaux avec le français laurentien au XXe siècle. En dépit de plusieurs tentatives, deux conditions n’ont pas encore été remplies pour établir l’existence d’un tel changement, à savoir (i) une première comparaison systématique entre un stade actuel et un état antérieur à ce contact, et (ii) une deuxième comparaison avec la variété-repère source à l’origine dudit changement. Pour ce faire, j’ai fait usage de la méthode variationniste comparative adaptée à l’étude du changement et du contact (Poplack et Levey, 2010; Poplack et Meechan, 1998; Poplack et Tagliamonte, 2001) et me suis servi d’un riche corpus de données longitudinales rassemblant des locuteurs acadiens nés à près d’un siècle d’intervalle (entre 1870 et 1965) dans le nord-est du N.-B. Des formes grammaticales à date ancienne aujourd’hui stéréotypées au français acadien (telles que la flexion postverbale -ont à la troisième personne du pluriel), de même que des formes grammaticales panfrancophones non associées à une variété de français en particulier (telles que la référence temporelle au futur) constituent la base de cette recherche. Mes résultats révèlent d’abord que l’utilisation des formes stéréotypées est très volatile et relève principalement de facteurs sociaux d’ordre identitaire. En revanche, mes analyses des formes pan-francophones démontrent que les processus sous-jacents régissant leur sélection restent étonnamment stables entre les XIXe et XXe siècles. En somme, l'accroissement des contacts entre les locuteurs acadiens du nord-est du N.-B. et les locuteurs du français laurentien au XXe siècle n'a pas eu raison d'un changement linguistique structurel important dans cette région. Cette thèse vient combler une lacune de la connaissance des processus systématiques et sousjacents opérant sur la trajectoire des parlers acadiens à travers le temps.
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Germanos, Marie-Aimée. "Identification et emploi de quelques stéréotypes, traits saillants et autres variables sociolinguistiques à Beyrouth [Liban]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030168.
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On s’intéresse dans cette thèse à la relation entre le degré de conscience qu’ont les locuteurs de la variation dans le cas de certaines variables sociolinguistiques à Beyrouth [et les appréciations rattachées à chacune de leurs réalisations lorsqu’elles sont saillantes], et la distribution sociale de chacune de leurs variantes. Dans un premier temps, sont présentées les représentations rattachées aux stéréotypes et traits saillants perçus par les locuteurs. Les deuxième et troisième parties du travail présentent l’emploi et la répartition sociolinguistique de dix de ces stéréotypes et traits saillants, ainsi que de quatre autres variables. L’étude de la variation et des représentations rattachées à certaines variantes se base sur un corpus de quarante-sept entretiens et conversations menés auprès de locuteurs aux profils variés. Il ressort de cette étude qu’une koïnisation est en cours à Beyrouth, en conséquence du contact dialectal entre les variétés parlées par les migrants et les variétés originellement parlées dans la ville. Cette koïnisation se fait par la perte de leurs traits saillants à la fois par les migrants, et par les résidents originels de la ville. En contrepartie, la variation observée dans le cas d’autres variables sociolinguistiques, dont l’emploi est corrélé à des facteurs sociaux comme le sexe, l’âge, l’appartenance communautaire (ou religieuse) et le niveau d’éducation, montre que les tendances différenciatrices entre les locuteurs sur la base de ces quatre critères sont, pour le moins, dynamiques, et que certaines d’entre elles vont croissantThis thesis explores the relationship between the salience of, and social values attributed to, some sociolinguistic variables in Beirut, and the social distribution of each of their variants. It first presents the social values attributed by speakers to the stereotypes and to other salient features they perceive. In its second and third parts, it concentrates on the social distribution of two stereotypes, eight salient features, and four other variables. The study is mainly based on forty-seven interviews and conversations, and the speakers that were met had various profiles. One of the findings of the study is that the koineization process resulting from the contact between the dialects spoken by migrants and those spoken by ‘genuine’ Beirutis leads to the loss of distinctive features in both groups. On the other hand, it appears from the distribution and evolution of a set of ‘non local’ variables, that some of the linguistic differences related to such social factors as gender, age, religious and communal affiliation, and educational level seem to be, for the least, very dynamic, if not growing with time
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Howe, Lewis Chadwick. "Cross-dialectal features of the Spanish present perfect a typological analysis of form and function /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154122894.
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Sanchez, Moreano Santiago. "Conséquences linguistiques et identitaires du contact linguistique et dialectal à Cali (Colombie) : le cas de l'ordre des constituants." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://hal.science/tel-01314442.
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La Colombie est un pays sociolinguistiquement très divers. Soixante-six langues indigènes et plusieurs variétés dialectales d'espagnol font partie du paysage sociolinguistique. Dans les grands centres urbains comme Bogota, Medellin ou Cali, cohabitent non seulement des communautés indigènes minoritaires, mais aussi des populations rurales originaires de différentes régions du pays. Cela crée, dans les grandes villes, des situations de contact linguistique et dialectal qui méritent d'être étudiées dans une perspective sociolinguistique du fait de leurs conséquences linguistiques et identitaires. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressé, en particulier, à une communauté indigène quichua originaire de l'Equateur qui s'est installée depuis plus de cinquante ans dans la ville de Cali. Commerçants pour la plupart, les Quichuas de Cali sont dans une situation de contact asymétrique avec la société hispanophone majoritaire. Dans leurs répertoires linguistiques, on trouve la variété d'espagnol andin qu'ils ont apprise en Equateur, le quichua qui est leur langue ancestrale et la variété d'espagnol de Cali qu'ils ont adoptée à leur arrivée dans cette ville. Plus concrètement, dans leurs pratiques langagières, on peut observer des phénomènes de variation comme l'alternance de langues (espagnol-quichua) et des variétés dialectales (espagnol andin-espagnol de Cali), la simplification des systèmes pronominaux et des articles, la variation de l'ordre des constituants syntaxiques et des phénomènes de variation phonétique comme l'aspiration du phonème /S/. Je me suis intéressé en particulier à la variation de l'ordre des constituants dans la variété d'espagnol andin parlée par les Quichuas de Cali. Dans mon corpus de pratiques langagières recueillies in situ lors d'un travail de terrain de type ethnographique, j'ai observé une haute fréquence de constructions syntaxiques de type OV et des énoncés avec un constituant doublé (doubling). En voici quelques exemples : ella amiga noms es (Lit. Elle amie seulement est), ah eso yo no entiende (Lit. Ah cela moi je ne comprends pas) ou encore, ahi yo vivo ahi (Lit. Là-bas j'habite là-bas). Les travaux précédents sur l'espagnol andin (Haboud 1998; Merma Molina 2007; Palacios Alcaine 2013; Pfänder 2009; Muntendam 2009) proposent que ces constructions sont influencées par l'ordre des constituants du quichua (langue de type SOV) ou qu'il s'agit d'un cas de convergence linguistique entre le quichua et l'espagnol. Ils ont également suggéré que les facteurs pragmatiques ou stylistiques (Muysken 1984) peuvent motiver ce type de constructions en espagnol andin. Même si ces explications sont séduisantes, j'ai considéré, suivant le principe de la multicausalité (Thomason 2001; Heine & Kuteva 2005; Aikhenvald 2006), qu'il était nécessaire de chercher des explications plurifactorielles à ce phénomène. Ainsi, dans la perspective de la linguistique du contact et de la linguistique de la variation et du changement, j'ai proposé une analyse plurifactorielle (Chamoreau & Léglise 2013; Léglise 2013) de la variation de l'ordre des constituants dans la variété d'espagnol andin des Quichuas de Cali en partant de deux principes : (1) les phénomènes de contact sont le résultat de l'interaction de différents facteurs à la fois intersystémiques, intrasystémiques et extrasystémiques ; (2) l'interaction des facteurs peut être signifiante dans l'échange conversationnel, dans le sens où elle peut avoir des implications sur les positionnements subjectifs et intersubjectifs des locuteurs (Dubois 2002; Bucholtz & Hall 2005). J'ai donc essayé de montrer comment ces facteurs interagissent entre eux dans les résultats observés. Les résultats des analyses ont montré que la variation de l'ordre des constituants est plus fine que ce que les travaux précédents l'ont suggéré. De plus, il est extrêmement difficile de postuler que les variations de l'ordre des constituants sont produites exclusivement par le contact linguistique et/ou par les stratégies pragmatiques permises par la structure informationnelle de l'espagnol. La haute fréquence des constructions de type OV observée dans mon corpus est le résultat de l'interaction de plusieurs facteurs et le contact agirait comme un « effet boule de neige » (Thomason 2001) qui renforcerait leur productivité en espagnol andin. Enfin, à la lumière d'une analyse séquentielle de la conversation (Auer 1995), j'ai proposé des explications complémentaires qui ont mis en évidence le rôle signifiant que peuvent jouer les énoncés de type OV et doubling dans l'interaction sociale. En effet, ils contribueraient à l'expression de la différence et/ou de la similitude par le biais de positionnements identitaires éphémères des locuteurs lors de la conversationColombia is a highly diverse country in sociolinguistic terms. Sixty six indigenous languages and several local varieties of Spanish attest this diversity. Indigenous minority groups as well as rural populations, coming from different regions of the country, converge within the largest urban metropoles such as Bogotà, Medellin or Cali. As a consequence, linguistic and dialectal contact situations emerge, and urge to be studied through a sociolinguistic approach as they may entai) linguistic and identity-related issues In this study, I worked with a Quichuan indigenous group from Equateur. They have lived in Cal for more than fifty years and their main income activity involves selling clothes at the city center. Quichuas in this city live within an asymmetrical contact situation vis-à-vis the Spanish speaking majority group. In their linguistic repertoires we can observe the Andean Spanish variety spoken in Equateur, the Quichuan variety which is their heritage language, and the Cali Spanish variety they adopted when they arrived in the city. In their linguistic social practices, we can particularly observe linguistic variation related phenomena such as codeswitching, dialect-switching, pronominal system and article system simplification, word order variation, anc phonetic variation, i. E. , /s/ phoneme. For this dissertation, I especially focused on variation of word order in the Andean Spanish variety they speak. From a corpus of linguistic social practices gathered in situ during an ethnographic-like fieldwork, I observed a high frequency of syntactic OV constructions and doubling constructions. For example, ella amiga noms es (Lit. She, friend only is), ah eso yo ne entiende (Lit. Ah that I don't understand) or even ahi yo vivo ahi (Lit. There I live there). Previous works on Andean Spanish (Haboud 1998; Merma Molina 2007; Palacios Alcaine 2013;Pfänder 2009; Muntendam 2009) suggest that these constructions are influenced by quichua word order (which is a SOV language), or that we deal with a case of linguistic convergence between Quichua and Spanish. They also suggest that pragmatic or stylistic factors (Muysken 1984) may motivate this kind of syntactic constructions in Andean Spanish. Even if these explanations are seductive, I consider that, following the multicausality principle (Thomason 2001; Heine & Kuteva 2005; Aikhenvald 2006), it is necessary to seek for multifactorial explanations to this phenomenon. In consequence, within a contact linguistic perspective taking into account language variation, I propose a plurifactorial analysis (Chamoreau & Léglise 2013; Léglise 2013) of word order variation in Andean Spanish spoken by Quichuas from Cali. To do this, two principles were followed: (1) contact phenomena are the result of the interaction of different intersystemic, intrasystemic, and extrasystemic factors; (2) the interaction of different factors may be meaningful in conversation for it may have implications on subjective and intersubjective positioning of speakers (Dubois 2002; Bucholtz & Hall 2005). I tried to show how these factors interact with each other producing word order variation. Findings reveal that word order variation is more complex than previous works suggested. In fact, it is extremely difficult to say that variations in word order are produced exclusively by language contact or by pragmatic strategies allowed by Spanish information structure. The high frequency of OV constructions observed in my corpus is the result of the interaction of several factors. Language contact, as one of these factors, may provoke a « snowball effect » (Thomason 2001) which reinforces the high productivity of OV constructions in Andean Spanish. Finally, following a sequential analysis of conversation (Auer 1995), I proposed complementary explanations which highlight the meaningfulole that OV constructions may have in social interaction. They seem to contribute to the expression of difference and/or similarity through ephemeral stances performed by speakers within conversation
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Reig, Maria Asela. "Cross-Dialectal Variability In Propositional Anaphora: A Quantitative And Pragmatic Study Of Null Objects In Mexican And Peninsular Spanish." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1205505344.
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Silva, Wildinara Karlane Luiz da. "Caracterização linguística do oeste Goiano: o uso variável das vogais médias pretônicas na fala de Iporá/GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3621.
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This work is devoted to describe the behavior of pretonic mid vowels
Este trabalho se dedica a descrever o comportamento das vogais médias pretônicas
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Silveira, Briele Bruna Farias da. "O processo de ensino aprendizagem da libras por jovens surdos através dos sinais dialetais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9593.
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In this study, we identified and described the signs brought by three deaf people from rural communities who are assisted by the Rural Training Center - Specialized Care Center (CRF-CAE), located in the Cruz do Espírito Santo City - PB. In order to investigate these signs, both common to all deaf and variable, we are based on the sociolinguistic perspective, which considers language as a social institution (WEINREICH, LABOV, HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 1975). However, we discussed language and social interaction (SAUSSURE, 1975; MARTELOTTA, 2013; GÓES, 2002) and the acquisition of sign language (QUADROS, 1997; LANGEVIN, 1995). After the analysis of the signs, we worked with three didactic sequences, using them in the teaching-learning process of the Brazilian Sign Language - LIBRAS, the first two sequences being from instructional texts and the third, from cordel literature. The results show that the signs developed by the deaf within the family, in addition to being linguistically structured, are subject to extralinguistically motivated variation, which accredits them to have the status of dialectal signs. They demonstrated, mainly, that the teachinglearning of an official sign language, mediated by the dialectal signal, is fundamental to the process. We hope, therefore, that this study may serve as a basis for other works with a similar purpose.
Neste estudo, identificamos e descrevemos os sinais trazidos por três surdos oriundos de comunidades rurais e que são atendidos pelo Centro Rural de Formação - Centro de atendimento Especializado (CRF-CAE), localizado no município de Cruz do Espírito Santo - PB. Para procedermos à investigação desses sinais, tanto os comuns a todos os surdos como os variáveis, embasamo-nos na perspectiva sociolinguística, que considera a língua como uma instituição social (WEINREICH, LABOV, HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 1975). Antes, porém, discutimos sobre linguagem, língua e interação social (SAUSSURE, 1975; MARTELOTTA, 2013; GÓES, 2002) e sobre aquisição de língua de sinais (QUADROS, 1997; LANGEVIN, 1995; entre outros). Após a análise dos sinais, trabalhamos com três sequências didáticas, utilizandoos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - LIBRAS, sendo as duas primeiras sequências a partir de textos instrucionais e a terceira, a partir da literatura de cordel. Os resultados nos mostram que os sinais desenvolvidos pelos surdos no seio familiar, além de estruturados linguisticamente, são passíveis de variação motivada extralinguisticamente, o que os credencia a ter o status de sinais dialetais. Demonstraram, principalmente, que o ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua de sinais oficial, mediado pelo sinal dialetal, é fundamental ao processo. Esperamos, dessa forma, que este estudo possa servir de base a outros trabalhos com propósito semelhante.
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Pierrard, Alexis. "Dialectologie sociale quechua ˸ approche variationnelle du réseau dialectal sud bolivien : focus sur le Valle Alto de Cochabamba." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA111/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le quechua bolivien méridional et ses aspects linguistiques, historiques et sociolinguistiques. Au niveau historique, j’y défends un modèle de diffusion centrifuge hiérarchique urbaine relativement tardive (17ème et 18ème siècles) et d’une hispanisation précoce de cette variété de quechua 2C, avec pour centre principal de diffusion la ville impériale minière de Potosí. L’articulation entre une approche émique (dialectologie perceptive) et étique (sociolinguistique variationniste) m’a par ailleurs mené à proposer une hiérarchisation sociolectale entre deux variétés de quechua bolivien reposant largement sur la perception d’une plus ou moins grande hispanisation. Deux variables linguistiques particulièrement saillantes de cette structuration ont été retenues pour l’étude de la région du Valle Alto de Cochabamba. Les variantes à voyelles basses du morphème du pluriel inclusif Chik, [čeχ], [čaχ], autrefois prestigieuses et en passe de s’imposer sur la variante haute [čis], associée à la ruralité, connaissent aujourd’hui un fort recul suite aux bouleversements socioéconomiques et migratoires des 80 dernières années. Dans le même temps, en production, la distribution des variantes rurales [ʃa] et des variantes urbaines [sqa], [sa] du morphème du progressif Chka, demeure globalement stable. L’interprétation proposée est le manque de saillance de la variable dû à l’absence d’opposition entre sibilantes alvéolaire et post-alvéolaire en quechua 2C et à un phénomène de quasi fusion des allomorphes en perceptionThis dissertation deals with southern Bolivian Quechua and its linguistic, historical, and sociolinguistic aspects. At a historical level, I advance a model of relatively late (17th and 18th centuries) urban hierarchical centrifugal diffusion and an early Castilianization of the 2C Quechua variety, holding as the main center of diffusion the imperial mining city of Potosí. At the same time, the intersection betwen an emic (perceptive dialectology) and etic (variational sociolinguistic) approach results in the proposal of a sociolectal hierarchy between two varieties of Bolivian Quechua based largely on the perceived strength of Castillianization. As a result, this study of the Cochabamba Valle Alto involves two linguistic variables that are of particular relevance to the proposed structuring. The variants with low vowels from the plural inclusive morpheme Chik, [čeχ], [čaχ], formerly considered prestigious and once on the verge of imposing themselves on the high vowel variant [čis], traditionally linked to rurality, are now experiencing a strong setback as a result of the profound socioeconomic and migratory transformation of the last eighty years. At the same time, in production, the distribution of the rural [ʃa] and urban [sqa], [sa] variants of the morpheme of the progressive Chka remains globally stable. The proposed interpretation is that the lack of prominence of the variable stems from the lack of oposition between the alveolar and post-alveolar sibilants in Quechua 2C, as well as a phenomenon of near merger between the allomorphs in perception
Esta tesis trata del quechua boliviano meridional y de sus aspectos lingüísticos, históricos y sociolingüísticos. A nivel histórico, se defiende un modelo de difusión centrífuga jerárquica urbana relativamente tardía (siglos 17 y 18) y una castellanización temprana de esta variedad de quechua 2C, teniendo como centro principal de difusión la ciudad imperial minera de Potosí. Por otra parte, la articulación entre une acercamiento émico (dialectología perceptiva) y ético (sociolingüística variacionista) me lleva a proponer la existencia de una jerarquización sociolectal entre dos variedades de quechua boliviano, basada ampliamente sobre la percepción de una castellanización más o menos fuerte. Dos variables lingüísticas particularmente relevantes en torno a esta estructuración han sido escogidas para el estudio del Valle Alto de Cochabamba. Las variantes con vocales bajas del morfema del plural inclusivo CHIK, [čeχ], [čaχ], antiguamente prestigiosas y alguna vez a punto de imponerse sobre la variante de vocal alta [čis], vinculada con la ruralidad, conocen hoy en día un fuerte retroceso debido a las profundas transformaciones socioeconómicas y migratorias de los últimos 80 años. Al mismo tiempo, en producción, la distribución de las variantes rurales [ʃa] y de las variantes urbanas [sqa], [sa] del morfema del progresivo CHKA, se mantiene globalmente estable. La interpretación propuesta es la falta de prominencia de la variable debida a la ausencia de oposición entre sibilantes alveolar y post-alveolar en quechua 2C y a un fenómeno de quasi fusión de los alomorfos en percepción
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Gally, Silvia. "Identités linguistiques perçues : quelques localités des "vallées vaudoises" du Piémont occidental (Italie)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL026/document.
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Ce sujet de recherche propose une description de quelques variétés linguistiques à tradition orale du Piémont occidental italien, selon les approches de la dialectologie perceptuelle et de la géolinguistique descriptive. Les variétés choisies comme objet d’analyse se situent dans la province de Turin, en bordure et au sein même des vallées piémontaises étiquetées comme « valles vaudoises » : Val Cluson et Val Germanasca (Val Saint Martin). L’aire que nous considérons est caractérisée par un contact linguistique marqué par une forte identité culturelle entre les parlers gallo-romans (minorités linguistiques, de type occitan provençal) et italo-romans (de type pédémontans) : ces variétés ne bénéficient pas d’une position paritaire ni d’un point de vue politico-administratif, ni dans la conscience des locuteurs qui entretiennent avec les quatre types linguistiques, i.e. l’italien (régional et moyen), les variétés occitanes et pédémontanes, ainsi que le français, une relation complexe. Nous avons relevé les processus variationnels (phonétiques et lexicaux) qui semblent marquer l’identité linguistique des locuteurs dans cet espace plurilingue, en tenant compte des perspectives, objective et subjective (perception des locuteurs quant à la variation linguistique de l’aire), diachronique et synchronique, dans l’examen des systèmes linguistiques choisis, très peu pris en considération par la littérature dialectologique récente. Cette double perspective permet également de clarifier la trajectoire de processus de changement phonétique qui impactent la restructuration des systèmes de ces valléesThe thesis focuses on a description of four dialectal varieties (gallo-italian and gallo-romance) of the Western Piedmont (Italy) by adopting several linguistic approches, perceptual dialectology's and geolinguistics' ones. The géographical area is caracterized by a linguistic variation and a language contact, marked by a high degree of linguistic identity between gallo-romance (occitan) and gallo-italian (pedemontans) dialects : these varieties do not benefit of the same position by political and social points of view, nor in the awareness of the speakers
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Lima, Izete de Souza. "Acomodação dialetal: análise da fricativa coronal /S/ em posição de coda silábica por paraibanos residentes em Recife." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6438.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-07Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present study aims to understand the dialectal accommodation process of paraibanos who live in Recife (PE), based on Communication Accommodation Theory (GILES et al., 1987) and in the theoretical-methodological contributions of the Variation Theory (LABOV, 1996; 1972). The phonological phenomenon which will allow us to check the accommodation effects is the realization of coronal fricative /S/ in coda position by the fact that this segment clearly marks the difference between the dialects under study. The corpus was constituted by 9 paraibanos informants residing for at least two years in Recife. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative analysis enabled us to identify statistically the factors that are contributing to the accommodation, while the qualitative analysis enabled us the interpretation of subjective data that contributed to the accommodation of the new dialect or the preservation of the dialect of origin. The statistical treatment realized through Goldvarb X (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE & SMITH, 2005) showed, in increasing order of significance, which the most relevant variables were: permanence time, amount of exposure to dialect, following phonological context, the style and the frequency of visits. The qualitative analysis developed through the participants speech allowed us identify the linguistics attitude of the informants. We realized that positive evaluation influenced the linguistic accommodation even as the negative evaluation led them to preserve their dialect of origin as a way of distancing.
O presente estudo visa compreender o processo de acomodação dialetal de paraibanos que vivem em Recife (PE), com base na Teoria da Acomodação da Comunicação (GILES et al., 1987) e nos aportes teórico-metodológicos da Teoria da Variação Linguística (LABOV, 2008; 1972). O fenômeno fonológico que nos permitirá verificar os efeitos da acomodação é a realização da fricativa coronal /S/ em posição de coda silábica, pelo fato de que esse segmento marca claramente a diferença entre os dialetos em estudo. O corpus foi constituído por 9 informantes paraibanos que residem há no mínimo dois anos em Recife. Os dados coletados foram analisados quantitativamente e qualitativamente. A análise quantitativa possibilitou identificar estatisticamente os fatores que estão contribuindo para a acomodação, enquanto a análise qualitativa possibilitou a interpretação dos dados subjetivos que contribuíram para a acomodação do novo dialeto ou a preservação do dialeto de origem. O tratamento estatístico realizado através do Goldvarb X (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE & SMITH, 2005) mostrou, em ordem crescente de significância, que as variáveis mais relevantes foram: o tempo de permanência, o contato diuturno com falantes recifenses, o contexto fonológico seguinte, o estilo e a frequência das visitas. A análise qualitativa desenvolvida através das falas dos participantes permitiu-nos identificar a atitude linguística dos informantes. Percebemos que a avaliação positiva influenciou a acomodação linguística, assim como a avaliação negativa levou-os à preservação do seu dialeto de origem, como forma de distanciamento.
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Dawson, Alain. "Variation phonologique et cohésion dialectale en picard : vers une théorie des correspondances dialectales." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20058.
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Au travers du cas du picard, nous explorons les mécanismes phonologiques qui assurent la cohésion dialectale d’une langue, dans le cadre de la Théorie de l’Optimalité et de la Théorie des Correspondances. L’essentiel de la recherche porte sur la palatalisation des occlusives vélaires, source d’une alternance dialectale complexe en picard. Après examen des facteurs de cohésion extralinguistiques, une première analyse OT s’appuie sur l’hypothèse de la dialectologie générative selon laquelle la cohésion dialectale est dévolue à des formes sous-jacentes communes. Cette approche se heurte cependant à certains cas d’opacité. On fait ensuite appel, dans le cadre de la Théorie des Correspondances, à un nouveau type de correspondances entre variétés en contact. La cohésion dialectale s’établit à la fois sur les plans de la perception et de la production. Cette approche est enfin testée sur un autre fait de variation en picard : l’alternance voyelle-zéro, dans une phonologie surface seuleThrough the example of the Picard language I explore the phonological mechanisms which ensure dialectal cohesion within a language, in the framework of Optimality Theory and Correspondence Theory. The core part of my research deals with palatalization of velar stops, which induces a complex dialectal alternation in Picard. I first examine the extralinguistic factors of cohesion, then I propose an OT analysis based upon the hypothesis of generative dialectology: dialectal cohesion is due to the existence of common underlying forms. This approach, however, fails to explain certain cases of opacity. In the framework of Correspondence Theory, I propose a new type of correspondence between varieties in contact. Dialectal cohesion is grounded in both perception and production. I also test this approach in a surface-only phonology to solve another case of variation in Picard: vowel-zero alternation
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Blestel, Elodie. "Pour une nouvelle approche du "plus-que-parfait" en espagnol contemporain : unicité du signe, motivation, variations." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20064.
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Cette étude porte sur la forme périphrastique había- + do/-to/-cho que la tradition grammaticale répertorie comme le « plus-que-parfait de l’indicatif », en espagnol contemporain. Après avoir interrogé les différentes approches auxquelles a donné lieu l’étude de cette forme verbale, nous en proposons un signifié unique en langue qui en subsume l’ensemble des manifestations discursives. Pour cela, nous adoptons les principes théoriques de la « linguistique du signifiant », laquelle postule l’unicité du signe linguistique – à un signifiant correspond un seul signifié, et inversement – et accorde la primauté à la lecture de la structure sémiologique du signifiant. Cette approche nous conduit à replacer había- + do/-to/-cho au sein des réseaux signifiants de l’espagnol, et à reconsidérer la structuration modale du système verbal de cette langue. Enfin, nous nous employons à décrire le fonctionnement discursif de la périphrase en syntaxe, dans l’élaboration de séquences narratives, d’une part, mais aussi dans les « cas limites » que représentent les emplois diatopiques en situation de contact de langue en Amérique (contact espagnol / guarani en particulier)This study focuses on the periphrastic form había- + do/-to/-cho that the grammatical tradition identifies as the ‘pluperfect (past perfect) indicative’ in contemporary Spanish. After reviewing the different approaches to this verbal form, we provide a unique signified for this form that is able to subsume all its discursive manifestations. For this purpose, we adopt the theoretical principles of the ‘Linguistics of the signifier’, which postulates the unity of the linguistic sign – i.e. a signifier corresponds to a single signified, and vice versa – and gives priority to the semiological structure of the signifier. This approach leads us to reexamine había- + do/-to/-cho within the signifying networks of Spanish, and to reconsider the modal structure of the verbal system. Finally, we describe the discursive syntactic behaviour of the Spanish pluperfect, in the development of narrative sequences, but also in certain Latin American diatopic occurrences (contact Spanish / Guarani in particular) since they are ‘borderline case’ among the pluperfect discursive occurrences
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Hamdi, Rym. "La variation rythmique dans les dialectes arabes." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/hamdi_r.
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Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la phonétique acoustique expérimentale. À partir de la description des structures syllabiques observées en parole, nous proposons une analyse contrastive de l’organisation temporelle et rythmique de différents parlers arabes. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de décrire le continuum linguistique de l'espace arabophone à partir d’éléments prosodiques relatifs à la structuration temporelle et rythmique propre à chaque parler. Les travaux de recherches antérieurs qui se sont intéressés au rythme de la parole en arabe, ont toujours catégorisés les parlers arabes comme accentuels (stress-timed) par opposition à d’autres langues et/ou dialectes décrits comme syllabiques (syllable-timed) ou moraïques (mora-timed). Ces classifications, qui découlent essentiellement d'expériences psycho-acoustiques, soulignent le fait que la perception des différents types de rythme correspond à certaines propriétés phonologiques des langues telles que la structure syllabique, la réduction vocalique et le type d'accent. Plusieurs modèles ont tenté de trouver les corrélats acoustiques pour quantifier ces propriétés phonologiques et, par la suite, pour mesurer le rythme des langues. Ramus & al. (1999) et Grabe & al. (2000, 2002) ont montré que les classes du rythme perçu, peuvent être appréhendées à partir de certaines mesures instrumentales réalisées sur le signal (i. E. ΔC, ΔV, %V, rPVI, nPVI). Nous avons appliqué le modèle de Ramus et celui de Grabe sur un corpus de parole spontanée représentant six variétés dialectales arabes : marocain, algérien, tunisien, égyptien, libanais et jordaniens. Trois autres langues appartenant à des catégories rythmiques différentes ont également été étudiées : l’anglais, le français et le catalan. Les résultats obtenus à l’issue de cette étude comparative révèlent d’une part que les parlers arabes peuvent être discriminés sur la base de leurs propriétés rythmiques, ce qui va dans le sens de la notion de continuum rythmique ; et d’autre part qu’il existe une forte corrélation entre réduction vocalique et poids syllabique. Les valeurs observées permettent ainsi d’établir une distinction entre trois grandes zones dialectales : le Maghreb, le Moyen-Orient et une zone intermédiaire regroupant la Tunisie et l’Égypte. Enfin, bien que les résultats obtenus pour les trois autres langues, semblent rendre compte des classes de rythme décrites dans la littérature, les valeurs observées pour les différents parlers arabes semblent constituer une remise en question pertinente aux approches considérant les catégories rythmiques comme des ensembles discrets et absolus. Par ailleurs, l'approche phonologique du rythme prédit qu'une analyse de la complexité syllabique d'une langue devrait permettre de déterminer sa classe rythmique. Nous avons donc mis en place une étude typologique préliminaire visant à décrire les différentes structures syllabiques dans trois variétés dialectales arabes à partir d’un corpus de parole spontanée. Les résultats confirment une opposition pertinente entre les parlers maghrébins (i. E. Arabe marocain) privilégiant les structures syllabiques complexes et les parlers orientaux (i. E. Arabe libanais) préférant des structures simples et une syllabation ouverte. L'existence des valeurs intermédiaires pour le parler tunisien soutient l'idée que les dialectes arabes forment un continuum. Ces derniers résultats corroborent la notion de sous-classes rythmiquesThis work, based on experimental phonetics (i. E. Acoustics), aims at addressing the Arabic linguistic continuum in the light of prosodic parameters. More precisely, we put forward a comparative analysis of temporal and rhythmic organization in several Arabic dialects. Previous studies dealing with speech rhythm consistently categorized Arabic dialects as stress-timed languages as opposed to syllable-timed and/or mora-timed languages. These classifications, developed on the basis of perceptual experiments, consider that the perception of these different rhythms rests on the treatment of some phonological properties such as syllabic structure, vowel reduction and/or stress pattern. Several models tried to find out acoustic correlates for rhythm in order to quantify these phonological properties and thus, to measure the rhythm of language. Within this frame, Ramus (1999) and Grabe (2000, 2002) suggested different variables (i. E. ΔC, ΔV, %V, rPVI, nPVI). In this work, we applied these two models to a corpus of spontaneous speech in six different Arabic dialects (i. E. Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Egyptian, Lebanese and Jordanian) as well as in three non-Afro-Asiatic languages that are: French, English and Catalan. Our results show that syllable structures, syllabic weight and vocalic reduction can be used as reliable cues to elaborate a typology of Arabic dialects on the basis of their prosodic characteristics and to discriminate between different varieties of Arabic. We were thus able to distinguish between three different dialectal areas: Western vs. Eastern vs. Intermediate. The fact that geographically intermediate dialects such as Tunisian and/or Egyptian Arabic exhibit intermediate values for the parameters investigated provides further support for the suggestion that Arabic dialects form a continuum with regard to rhythmic patterns. Finally, though the distribution of French, English and Catalan along the rhythmic continuum confirms the existence of different rhythmic categories, the differentiated distribution of our six Arabic dialects along the same scale brings into question the notion of discrete and absolute categories for rhythm
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Boudjellal, Malek. "Contribution à la géographie linguistique du berbère chaouïa." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPC0005.
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C'est une étude de géolinguistique de terrain, sur un dialecte berbère, peu documenté : le chaouïa des Aurès parlé dans l’Est algérien. Ce travail inclus un échantillon de 62 localités de cette aire linguistique, dont on a étudié certains points de variation linguistique, situés à différents niveaux de langue : phonétique, grammatical et lexical. Le corpus analysé comprend, le paradigme des interrogatifs, des possessifs, des pronoms personnels autonomes, des pronoms affixes de verbe direct et indirect, ainsi que 232 lexèmes illustrant la diversité des réalisations lexicales et phonétiques à la fois. Les résultats se traduisent par 58 cartes, ils nous ont permis de proposer une classification des parlers chaouïa en 3 groupesIt is a study of géolinguistic of ground, on a berber, little informed dialect: the shawia of Aurès spoken in the Algerian East. This work includes a sample of 62 villages of this linguistic area, certain points of linguistic variation of which we studied, situated at various levels of language: phonetic, grammatical and lexical. The analyzed corpus includes, paradigm of interrogatives, possessive, autonomous personal pronouns, pronouns affixes of direct and indirect verb, as well as 232 lexemes illustrating the variety of the lexical and phonetic realizations at the same moment. The results are translated by 58 cards, they allowed us to propose a classification of shawia s dialect in 3 groups
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O'Neill, Caitlin G. "Dialect variation in speaking rate." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32122.
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Hedges, Stephanie Nicole. "A Latent Class Analysis of American English Dialects." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6480.
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Research on the dialects of English spoken within the United States shows variation regarding lexical, morphological, syntactic, and phonological features. Previous research has tended to focus on one linguistic variable at a time with variation. To incorporate multiple variables in the same analysis, this thesis uses a latent class analysis to perform a cluster analysis on results from the Harvard Dialect Survey (2003) in order to investigate what phonetic variables from the Harvard Dialect Survey are most closely associated with each dialect. This thesis also looks at how closely the latent class analysis results correspond to the Atlas of North America (Labov, Ash & Boberg, 2005b) and how well the results correspond to Joshua Katz's heat maps (Business Insider, 2013; Byrne, 2013; Huffington Post, 2013; The Atlantic, 2013). The results from the Harvard Dialect Survey generally parallel the findings of the Linguistic Atlas of North American English, providing support for six basic dialects of American English. The variables with the highest probability of occurring in the North dialect are ‘pajamas: /æ/’, ‘coupon: /ju:/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’ ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, and ‘caramel: 2 syllables’. For the South dialect, the top variables are ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, ‘lawyer: /ɒ/’, ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, and ‘poem’ as 2 syllables. The top variables in the West dialect include ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’. For the New England dialect, they are ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘route: /ru:t/’, ‘caramel: 3 syllables’, ‘mayonnaise: /ejɑ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’. The top variables for the Midland dialect are ‘pajamas: /æ/’, ‘coupon: /u:/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘Florida: /ɔ/’, and ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’ and for New York City and the Mid-Atlantic States, they are ‘handkerchief: /ɪ/’, ‘Monday, Friday: /e:/’, ‘pajamas: /ɑ/’, ‘been: /ɪ/’, ‘route: /ru:t/’, ‘lawyer: /ɔj/’, and ‘coupon: /u:/’. One major discrepancy between the results from the latent class analysis and the linguistic atlas is the region of the low back merger. In the latent class analysis, the North dialect has a low probability of the ‘cot/caught’ low back vowel distinction, whereas the linguistic atlas found this to be a salent variable of the North dialect. In conclusion, these results show that the latent class analysis corresponds with current research, as well as adding additional information with multiple variables.
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Malgoubri, Pierre. "Recherches sur la variation dialectale en moore essai dialectométrique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615588d.
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Malgoubri, Pierre. "Recherches sur la variation dialectale en Moore : essai dialectométrique." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE2009.
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Le développement de la géographie linguistique (géolinguistique) donne aujourd'hui un puissant moyen de classification des langues ou de dénombrement des dialectes d'une langue. C'est à partir de l'approche dialectométrique (qui est une discipline réunissant la géolinguistique et la taxinomie numérique) que nous abordons le problème des dialectes Moore et celà en deux points essentiels : - un essai dialectométrique dont le but est l'établissement des frontières linguistiques par la méthode de hiérarchisation des points de notre espace dialectal - une description sommaire des caractéristiques de chaque dialecte.
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Lyle, Samantha. "Dialect variation in stop consonant voicing." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32156.
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Russ, Robert Brice. "Examining Regional Variation Through Online Geotagged Corpora." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385420187.
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Léonard, Jean-Léo. "Variation dialectale et microcosme anthropologique : l'île de Noirmoutier (Vendée, France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10054.
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A travers des vagues successives de peuplement d'une aire de marais littoraux, et a la suite de changements survenus recemment ( depuis 1920), une variation geolinguistique et sociolinguistique complexe s'est developpee dans l'ile de noirmoutier ( vendee, france ). La variation structurale du poitevin insulaire est etudiee a l'aide d'un modele ad-hoc permettant de definir une grammaire polylectale des parlers insulaires, principalement du point de vue de la phonologie generative naturelle. Par ailleurs, les reseaux d'activites dans un eco-systeme de marais salants, de terres arables et de peche, ont probablement oriente l'interference et la variation linguistique par contact et par isolement des communautes villageoises. Ces conditions de vie particulieres a l'ile ont egalement conduit a la formation d'une forte identite - ou "ethique" - locale, basee sur l'experience historique du microcisme insulaire. La variation dialectale, la vitalite du vernaculaire ainsi qu'une puissante capacite de reperage metadialectal font partie des attributs particuliers a la communaute linguistique insulaire.
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Akka, Mohammed. "Contact inter-dialectes, variation intra-dialecte : perméabilité au berbère du parler d'une population arabophone du Haouz de Marrakech : les Nouasser de Chichaoua." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H017.
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Parti des résultats d'une enquête de l. Galand effectuée en 1953 dans l'extrémité occidentale du Haouz de Marrakech, nous nous sommes surtout attarde sur les perspectives de recherche qu'elle a permis d'ouvrir; ces perspectives convergent toutes vers l'opportunité de mener une série de travaux permettant de jeter un éclairage sur l'interaction de l'arabe et du berbère dans une région ou le contact entre populations arabophones et berbérophones est multiséculaire. Considérant l'étendue et la délicatesse des problèmes lies à cette question, nous avons limite notre ambition à l'examen d'un seul aspect de l'interaction : la perméabilité de l'arabe au berbère. Doutant de la possibilité d'arrêter de façon absolue les éléments et structurations qui constitueraient le pendant systémique du contact entre les dites populations, nous avons formule une hypothèse rattachant le degré de perméabilité au berbère des variétés arabophones a la proximité ou non de leur aire d'usage de zones berbérophones. Nous avisant, parallèlement, des risques qu'il y a à arrêter arbitrairement ces éléments et structurations, nous avons confronté au berbère les parlers de deux populations arabophones évoluant l'une dans une zone de contact (i. E. à composante berbérophone), l'autre dans un contexte exclusivement arabophone. Ainsi, la mesure de la perméabilité est-elle établie en fonction des divergences et convergences constatées en regard du berbère considère dans notre perspective comme système de référenceStarting from an investigation made by l. Galand in 1953 in the western end of the Haouz of Marrakesh, we mostly dwelt on the prospects of research that it made possible; all those prospects converge toward the opportunity of conducting a series of works which shed light on the interaction of Arabic and Berber in a region where the contact between Arabic speaking and Berber speaking communities dates back to several centuries. Taking into account the extent and the difficulty of the problems related to this matter, we have limited our pursuit to the study of one aspect to the interaction, i. E. , the permeability of Arabic to Berber. Being dubious as to the possibility of defining - in absolute terms - the elements and the various levels of structuring that would constitute the systemic correlates of the contact between the aforementioned communities, we have formulated a hypothesis relating the degree of permeability of Arabic varieties to Berber to the proximity or lack of proximity of their area of usage to the Berber speaking zones. Furthermore, being aware of the risks inherent to arbitrarily drawing up those elements and levels of structuring, we have confronted the varieties of two Arabic speaking communities to Berber, one in a contact zone (i. E. , with a Berber speaking component), the other in an exclusively Arabic-speaking context. Thus, the measure of permeability is established in terms of the divergences and convergences noticed in relation to Berber, which is considered in our research as a system of reference.
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Zariquiey, Roberto, Alonso Vásquez, and Gabriela Tello. "Lenguas y dialectos pano del Purús: una aproximación filogenética." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/103273.
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El presente artículo ofrece una propuesta de clasificación de las variedades lingüísticas pertenecientes a la familia lingüística pano habladas en la provincia del Purús (región Ucayali, Perú). Los datos empleados recogen información léxica sobre nueve de estas variedades lingüísticas e información gramatical sobre ocho de ellas. Este material ha sido analizado empleando métodos filogenéticos y demuestra la pertinencia de agrupar a todas estas lenguas en un subgrupo al interior de la familia pano. Sin embargo, los resultados revelan una contradicción entre los datos provenientes del léxico y los datos provenientes de la gramática: los primeros sugieren la existencia de tres unidades lingüísticas bien delimitadas, mientras que los segundos sugieren la existencia de cuatro. Esto abre interesantespreguntas en torno a la posible existencia de un continuo dialectal yaminawa. Finalmente, este artículo discute la posición de la lengua iskonawa (una lengua pano obsolescente) en relación con las lenguas del Purús. Los datos muestran que el iskonawa exhibe una fuerte base purusina, que nos lleva a postularlo como una lengua muy cercana a las lenguas habladas en el Purús.The present paper aims to provide a classification of the Panoan linguistic varieties spoken in the province of Purus (Ucayali, Peru). The data covers lexical information coming from nine Panoan linguistic varieties of the Purus province, as well as grammatical information taken from eight of them. The data have been analyzed using phylogenetic methods and show the need of including all these languages in a single Panoan subgroup. The results, however, show inconsistent trends between the lexical and the grammatical data: lexical data suggest the existence of three well-defined linguistic units, while the grammatical data point towards the existence of four. This fact opens interesting questions regarding the so-called Yaminawadialectal continuum. Finally, this paper discusses the position of Iskonawa (an obsolescent Panoan language) in relation to the languages of Purus. The data shows that Iskonawa is closely-related to the languages of the Purus region.
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Mora, Gallardo Elsa. "Caractérisation prosodique de la variation dialectale de l'Espagnol parlé au Vénézuela." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10010.
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Cette etude de l'espagnol parle au venezuela examine certains facteurs prosodiques permettant de differencier les dialectes de cette variete de langue. On presente initialement une proposition des aires prosodiques dialectales du pays, fondee sur une etude perceptive qui constitue le point de depart de cet etude. Ensuite, nous faisons reference aux resultats de recherches en prosodie de l'espagnol et nous presentons quelques modeles prosodiques parmi lesquelles nous choisissons celui de di cristo et hirst (1993) comme cadre theorique de notre travail. La partie experimentale se presente en trois volets : organisation rythmique, nature de l'accent et intonation. L'analyse des aspects rythmiques a revele l'importance des variations de duree de la syllabe inaccentuee pour distinguer un dialecte d'un autre. L'etude de l'accent est realisee en considerant separement la duree et la frequence fondamentale les resultats relatifs a la duree confirment l'importance de l'allongement syllabique comme marque d'accent dans tous les dialectes. Pour ce qui est du comportement de la fo, la syllabe inaccentuee avant l'accent presente une frequence fondamentale (fo) inferieure a celle de la syllabe accentuee et cette derniere une fo moindre que la syllabe inaccentuee apres l'accent. L'intonation a ete etudiee en considerant les notions de tessiture, de registre et de variabilite melodique; tant les variations de registres que la variabilite melodique permettent de differencier les dialectes. Cette etude se conclue par une proposition d'unites prosodiques de l'espagnolIn this study of venezuelan spanish special attention is given to several prosodic factors that help discriminate its different dialects. An overview of previous research on the prosody of spanish is the starting point of this study. Different current prosodic models are presented. Reasons are given for the choice of di cristo and hirst's model (1993) as theoretical framework. The experimental investigation is three-fold : rhythmic structure, nature of stress, and intonation. The analysis of rhythmic aspects reveals that variation in unstressed syllable durations is an important factor in dialect discrimination. The study on stress is carried out by a two-phase analysis of duration and fundamental frequency. Results concerning duration assess the relevance of syllable lengthening as a stress marker in all dialects. Fundamental frequency (fo) analysis reveals that unstressed syllables before stressed syllables show lower fo than the stressed syllables themselves. These in turn have lower fo than subsequent unstressed syllables. Subject pitch range, register and melodic variability were taken into account as characteristic of intonation. Variations in register and melody turned out to be significant factors in dialect discrimination. The proposal of prosodic units for spanish constitutes the concluding note of this research
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Kessai, Fodil. "Élaboration d'un dictionnaire électronique de berbère avec annotations étymologiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF029/document.
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Le berbère est généralement présenté comme un ensemble de dialectes, distincts, avec des frontières plus ou moins hermétiques, qui, le plus souvent, sont étudiés et enseignés de façon clivée voire exclusive. Cette atomisation et cette pratique différenciative occultent l’unité structurale (grammaire et fonds lexical communs) qui forme cette langue commune à laquelle référent tous ces dialectes et n’en donnent qu’une vue fragmentaire.Le domaine de la lexicographie ne déroge pas à cet usage. Chaque dictionnaire est consacré à un seul dialecte avec une graphie et une orthographe propres, et c’est au plan du lexique notamment que le berbère apparaît le plus disparate. Pour aller au-delà du particularisme et appréhender la langue dans sa globalité, nous explorons, à travers le matériau lexical, un panel de dialectes (17) représentant toute la diversité berbère. Nous établissons, par approche comparative, des passerelles inter-dialectales puis rassemblons les éléments communs du lexique recueillis à ce jour. Nous relevons ensuite les changements phonétiques, phonologiques, morphologiques et sémantiques observés dans les unités lexicales afin de mieux comprendre l'évolution du système lexical.Pour ce faire, nous élaborons un E-dictionnaire bilingue (berbère <-> français) qui permet, en tant qu’outil didactique, d’étudier la langue berbère aussi bien dans son unité que dans sa diversité dialectale, et en tant que moyen heuristique de recherche et d'analyse, d’étudier l’étymologie et les faits linguistiques en synchronie et en diachronie.Enfin, nous proposons un outil statistique (le « taux d’homogénéité ») qui mesure la proximité entre les lexiques (ou dialectes)The Berber language is usually presented as a set of distinct dialects, with more or less hermetic boundaries, which are, most often, studied and taught in a cleaved or even exclusive way.This atomization and this differentiating practice obscure the structural unity (grammar and lexical bases) which founds that common language to which all these dialects refer and give only a fragmentary view of it. The field of lexicography does not depart from this usage. Each dictionary is devoted to a single dialect with a specific spelling, and it is in the lexicon in particular that Berber appears the most disparate.To go beyond particularism and grasp the language as a whole, we explore, through the lexical material, a panel of dialects (17) representing all of Berber diversity. We establish, by comparative approach, inter-dialectal bridges and then gather the common elements of the lexicon collected to date. We then note the phonetic, phonological, morphological and semantic changes observed in lexical units in order to better understand the evolution of the lexical system.To do this, we develop a bilingual E-dictionary (Berber <-> French) which allows - as a didactic tool - for the studying of the Berber language in its unity as well as in its dialectal diversity and - as a heuristic means of research and analysis - for etymology and linguistics facts in synchrony and diachrony.Finally, we introduce a statistical tool (the “homogeneity rate”) that measures the proximity between lexicons (or dialects)
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Ciarlo, Chiara. "Subject clitic variation in a northern Italian dialect." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/452.
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This study investigates the phenomenon of subject clitic (henceforth, SCl) variation in Ligurian, a variety spoken in the north-west of Italy. Through the examination of empirical data, this work shows that variation can be incorporated in the theory of a single grammar. In particular, this study determines which linguistic and extra-linguistic factors influence SCl variation and whether these factors vary among individual speakers, and it applies notions of minimalist theory to account for variable and categorical cases. Three variables in the Ligurian SCl paradigm are examined, where overt variants alternate with a zero form. These are: 3rd singular u, a/Ø, 3rd plural i/e/Ø, and 1st person e/a/Ø. In these variables, the zero form is always affected by adjacent negation and object clitics, by processing factors, and occasionally by following phonological context, though never by age of the speaker. In contrast, factors that influence overt SCl alternation vary: subject-verb agreement in 3rd singular contexts, morpho-phonological factors in 3rd plural contexts, and phonological, syntactic, and extra-linguistic factors in 1st person contexts. Following the general view that SCls in northern Italian dialects express subject agreement features (e.g., Poletto, 2000), I propose that SCl variants are phonological expression of different phi-feature combinations of two categories of Agreement (Number and Person) which include underspecification of features and feature values (Adger, 2006). Overt variants may show underspecification of the number and/or gender features of Number, whereas a null underlying variant always has unvalued number and gender. In variable cases, all variants in the set are formally satisfied and significant factors trigger the choice of the variant. In categorical cases, only one SCl variant in the set has its feature requirements fulfilled. Furthermore, I propose a four-fold interpretation of the zero form, namely, as null underlying variant, as nonpronunced SCl projection due to blocking by syntactic elements, as absence of phi-features, and as phonological deletion of overt variants (inter-speaker variation).
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Ramos-Pellicia, Michelle Frances. "Language contact and dialect contact: cross-generational phonological variation in a Puerto Rican community in the midwest of the United States." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101755688.
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Alshahwan, Majid. "Speech characteristics of Arabic speakers : dialect variations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13296/.
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Arabic is spoken by more than 280 million people around the world and has been subject to attention in a number of acoustic phonetic studies. However, there are a limited number of studies on Gulf Arabic dialects and the majority of these studies have focused mainly on male speakers. Therefore, this study aimed to explore two Gulf Arabic dialects, the central Najdi dialect from Saudi Arabia and the Bahraini Bahraini dialect from Bahrain. It aimed to establish normative data for the Diadochokinetic Rate (DDK), Voice Onset Time (VOT), Fundamental Frequency (F0) and Formant Frequencies (F1-F3) for male (n = 40) and female (n = 40) speakers from both dialects. Furthermore, it aimed to investigate whether there are differences between the two dialects. Another direction of the research was to examine whether differences between male and female speech will be evident in both dialects. The study was accomplished using different stimuli where the monosyllables /ba, da, ga/ and a multisyllabic sequence /badaga/ were selected to analyse the DDK rates. VOT duration was examined in monosyllablic minimal pair words containing the initial voiced stops /b, d/ and the three long vowels /a:, i:, u:/, and in words containing the initial voiceless stops /t, k/, initial voiced/voiceless stops /d, t/ and plain/emphatic alveolar stops /t, t*/ and the two long vowels /i:, u:/. F0 was examined in the sustained phonation of the /a, i, u/, vowels in the words presented earlier and in sentences from the Arabic version of “The North Wind and the Sun” (Thelwall & Sa’Adeddin, 1990) and two verses from the first chapter of the Quran. F1, F2 and F3 values were examined in the sustained phonation of individual vowels and in vowels in the words described earlier. Acoustic analysis was carried out by using Praat (Boersma & Weenink, 2013). A series of mixed model ANOVAs were performed to investigate dialect and sex differences for each of the parameters. Dialect and sex were the main independent variables; however, additional variables were assessed (syllable type, voicing, vowel context, place of articulation and emphasis). The first aim has been met, with normative data being established for males and females from both dialects. The results showed that for each of the parameters (DDK, VOT, F0 and formant frequencies), the dialect differences as well as the degree of differences were dependent on the stimuli type. Furthermore, sex differences were apparent for F0, F1, F2 and F3 where males had lower frequencies than females in all tasks. In addition, the results showed that females had longer VOT durations than males for voiceless stops; and in the initial emphatic /t≥/ context; males had longer VOT duration than females. However, there were no differences between male and female speakers with regard to the DDK rates, and in the VOT analysis, initial voiced stops did not show an effect for dialect and sex. Furthermore, the impact of other variables other than dialect and sex are discussed. In conclusion, dialect, and to a lesser extent, sex differences in the Arabic dialects under study, are dependent on the stimulus type. The study also showed that emphatic /t*/ might help in differentiating between different Arabic dialects.
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Cheung, Wing-ki Jovy. "Variation in the production of alveolar fricative /s/ in Hong Kong Cantonese." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholors Hub, 2005. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38279083.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2005." Also available in print.
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Lin, Yuhan. "Stylistic Variation and Social Perception in Second Dialect Acquisition." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1532059573668516.
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Klemola, K. J. "Non-standard periphrastic DO : a study in variation and change." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336883.
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Panyaatisin, Kosin. "Dialect maintenance, shift and variation in a Northern Thai Industrial Estate." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22700/.
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This study investigates linguistic variation in a case of dialect change and maintenance, for a Northern (NT) Thai dialect in a Northern Industrial Estate (NTIE) of Thailand, in Lamphun province. The target area is the Ban Klang Municipal (MBK) community where locals use the NT Thai dialect. However, due to internal immigration over the past 30 years, MBK has undergone a dramatic change in socio-economics and culture, from an agriculturally-based society, swiftly transforming into an urbanised and industrialised one. The national standard Bangkok (BKK) Thai, has influenced and motivated dialect shift among MBK speakers who speak the NT Thai dialect. The quantitative variationist approach can clarify the changing linguistic situation in the MBK area. The dependent linguistic variables include rhotic consonant onset (r) incorporating [r], [ɾ], [l] and [h] as its variants, such as [rɯa:n0], [ɾɯa:n0], [lɯa:n0] and [hɯa:n0], "house". The consonant cluster onset with rhotic (Cr) comprises {Cr}, {Cɾ}, {Cl} and {C∅}, such as [khrap3], [khɾap3], [khlap3] and [khap3], "male polite final particle". Only the (r) onset includes the local variant [h] in NT Thai dialect; only (Cr) includes a deleted variant. The independent variables comprise Labovian style factors, demographic social factors, social network strength (SNS) factors and phonological constraints. The dyadic interviews included 66 respondents. Defined by geographic origin differences, the 57 MBK locals were the focused group, while the 9 BKK speakers were the control group. A friend-to-friend method and judgment sampling were employed. The total length of interviews was around 120 hours. The study revealed the following: 1. In both (r) and (Cr) variables, the study showed that [l] and {C∅} were the most commonly-used forms. Stylistic stratification occurs, with formal styles favouring the standard rhotic variants. 2. Style plays a major role in linguistic variability, followed by social factors and linguistic constraints, respectively. LMC women are the linguistic trailblazers in certain variants. MMC elderly local males are the primary dialect maintainers. The MMC and WC locals used the covert prestige form [h] more often, but with different underlying social meanings. 3. Social network (SN) analysis employed an ego-centric network approach. SN factors were significant in the model but not a strong explanatory predictor. MBK networks were largely ethnically homogeneous. Contact frequency and intimacy scores were highly correlated. This confirms that all attributes forming the SN are highly interrelated and dependent. 4. The corresponding variants of (r) and (Cr) reveal non-parallel linguistic patterns. The relationship between variable (r) and (Cr) exhibited weak associations, with the rhotic variants patterning similarly, while the lateral variants were not aligned. The emergence of laterals in (Cr) might be derived partly from articulatory errors, while [l] patterned in line with {C∅} as the neutral variants in casual styles. 5. The stylistic and social factors played greater roles in linguistic variability than the internal linguistic factors. This might be due to the social structure that has an effect on the linguistic structure, particularly in these Tai-Kadai family and related non-Western languages. The style and social factor elements are an important determinant of linguistic structure.
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Austen, Martha. "The Role of Listener Experience in Perception of Conditioned Dialect Variation." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu159532560325774.
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Pickett, Iain Michael. "Some aspects of dialect variation among nomads in Syria and Lebanon." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423283.
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This thesis looks at a selection of typologically salient features that characterise the dialects of a number of Bedouin tribes in Syria and Lebanon. Most of these dialects have never previously been described. For those that have, the most recent published data usually dates from at least the 1930s, and often much earlier. Thus in its descriptions of previously undescribed dialects, the present thesis helps to fill a number of gaps in the nomadic dialect geography of the Syro-Lebanon region. In respect of those dialects for which data is available, further data is offered, changes that have apparently occurred during the past century are highlighted, and at times, the validity and accuracy of the available published data is challenged. Traditionally much work in north Arabian Arabic dialectology has been driven by the desire to discover or reconstruct older forms of the language, or at least to describe an 'unadulterated' dialect. Often there is a focus on answering questions about earlier speech patterns, based on poetry and traditional narratives. In contrast, the present work concentrates solely on the contemporary, spontaneous everyday speech of the tribes. The data was collected largely in 2003 and 2004 from recordings and observations of natural speech as spoken in the house or tent. Poetic forms and traditional narratives have been deliberately excluded from the study. Data has been collected from younger and older members of the community, and (where possible, given the cultural context) from women as well as men. In addition to descriptions of the dialects, the thesis also addresses some issues of classification, particularly for the seven Lebanese nomadic tribes that are looked at, but also in revisiting some of the classifications offered by previous dialectologists for Syrian nomadic dialects.
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Wong, Suet-yin. "Phonological variation the case of the syllable-final velar nasal in Cantonese /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31940912.
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Jarabo-Lorenzo, Fernando. "Sociolinquistic variation and change in the Spanish of Santa Cruz de Tenerife." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299631.
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Pinson, Mathilde. "Norme et variation en anglais contemporain. Etude variationniste de quelques subordonnants : complémentation de " help " et " like " conjonction." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909397.
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Ce travail de recherche se donne pour but d'analyser la dynamique générale de la norme de l'anglais contemporain et son rapport avec la variation linguistique. Pour ce faire, nous abordons quelques subordonnants qui illustrent le déplacement du centre de gravité de la norme sur les axes spatial et social. À travers l'étude de la complémentation du verbe help, nous illustrons l'américanisation syntaxique de l'anglais britannique et nous montrons comment les contraintes d'emploi se sont assouplies, pour aboutir finalement, dans le cas de l'opposition help + to + infinitif et help + zéro + infinitif, à une disparition de la distinction sémantique entre les deux formes. Cette disparition est le résultat d'un recours sans cesse plus fréquent à l'infinitif nu pour des raisons stratégiques, surtout dans la publicité. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons au like conjonction et nous analysons son expansion dans la langue. Après avoir expliqué son apparition par des facteurs isomorphiques et sémantiques, auxquels s'ajoute probablement une réanalyse de l'adjectif like signifiant " vraisemblable ", nous montrons comment ce subordonnant s'est répandu à travers les registres de langue et les types de texte, ainsi qu'à travers les constructions syntaxiques, jusqu'à devenir un élément non périphérique de la syntaxe anglaise. D'après nous, le succès de cette innovation reflète l'évolution des modes de communication, qui se fondent de plus en plus sur la proximité interpersonnelle à des fins stratégiques. D'une simple acceptation de la familiarité dans la norme, c'est donc de plus en plus vers une norme de familiarité que nous nous dirigeons actuellement.
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Schaeffler, Felix. "Phonological Quantity in Swedish Dialects : Typological Aspects, Phonetic Variation and Diachronic Change." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Philosophy and Linguistics, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-587.
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Lipscomb, David Robert. "Non-linear phonology and variation theory." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61817.
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