Academic literature on the topic 'Dialets'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dialets"
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Lawrence, Wayne P. "Historical reanalysis in the Nakijin dialect noun accentuation system." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 45, no. 1 (2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451p01.
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Whereas almost all Ryukyuan dialects with tonal contrasts are word-tone languages, the Nakijin dialect of Northern Okinawa is an accentual language, and this accent, in addition to being pronounced with a high tone in certain environments, interacts with a vowel lengthening process. Through comparison of the Okinawan dialect of Nakijin with the Amami dialect of Asama (Tokunoshima Island), which also has a productive vowel lengthening process, this paper reconstructs the prosodic system (pitch and vowel length) for underived nouns in Proto-Northern Ryukyuan, and shows how the accent developed in the Nakijin dialect. Alors que la plupart des dialectes ryukyu possédant des distinctions tonales sont des langues à tons lexicaux, le dialecte de Nakijin du nord d’Okinawa est une langue à accent, et cet accent, en plus d’être prononcé sous la forme d’un ton haut dans certains environnements, interagit avec un processus d’allongement vocalique. Par la comparaison du dialecte okinawaïen de Nakijin et du dialecte amami d’Asama (île de Tokunoshima), qui a lui aussi un processus productif d’allongement vocalique, cet article reconstruit le système prosodique (mélodie et longueur vocalique) des noms non dérivés en proto-ryukyu du Nord et expose la manière dont l’accent s’est développé dans le dialecte de Nakijin.
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Stafecka, Anna. "Latvian dialects in the 21st century: old and new borders." Acta Baltico-Slavica 39 (December 31, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2015.001.
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Latvian dialects in the 21st century: old and new borders Although historical regional dialects are still relatively well preserved in Latvia, nowadays one can no longer speak of dialects and sub-dialects in the traditional sense because, due to changes of administrative borders, the traditional sub-dialects are subject to attrition and gradual loss. In particular, the contact zone of Central and High Latvian dialect has changed markedly. The border of High Latvian dialect has moved to the east. Since 2013, a project “Latvian Dialects in the 21st Century: a Sociolinguistic Aspect” is being carried out in order to gain an insight into contemporary Latvian dialect situation, analyzing at least three sub-dialects in each dialect.However, we can speak of dialect borders in another aspect. For instance, the borders between the preservation of dialectal features and the impact of standard language, as well as the borders of maintenance of sub-dialectal feature among the speakers of different age groups. Attention is also paid to the use of sub-dialects in central and peripheral parts of territories. The first research results showed that people who live further from the centre use the sub-dialect more often – especially in communication with family members (including the younger generation), relatives and neighbours.The preliminary results show a different situation among dialects. In the sub-dialects of the Middle dialect, which is closest to Standard Latvian, the borderline between sub-dialect and standard language has almost disappeared, since the informants practically do not feel any difference between them.In the Livonianized dialect, there are several features that are still more or less present in the speech of all generations – generalization of masculine gender, reduction of word endings, etc. However, in this dialect, too, the language used by younger speakers is gradually losing the dialectal features.The situation differs in various sub-dialect groups of High Latvian dialect. The Selonian sub-dialects spoken in Zemgale show traces of dialectal features (syllable tones, irregular vowel shifts, etc.); they are found mainly in the speech of older generation. The Latgalian sub-dialects in Vidzeme are mainly spoken by older respondents and usually among family members; while in public spaces the sub-dialects practically cannot be heard. However, many dialectal features have been retained in the speech of middle and even younger generations. The most stable are the sub-dialects spoken in Latgale because of their use not only in everyday speech but also in cultural activities. The presence of the Latgalian written language, too, helps to maintain local sub-dialects; it is also used in Roman Catholic church services in Latgale. In Latgale, the sub-dialects are spoken by all generations. However, the younger people sometimes use the standard language to communicate among themselves.This study provides new facts and might be the basis for further research. It might allow to predict the development of native language and its dialects as an important component of national and local identity respectively. Comparative analysis of material acquired at different periods allows us to conclude which dialectal features are more viable and which are more likely to change and disappear. Dialekty łotewskie w wieku XXI: stare i nowe granice Choć na Łotwie wciąż stosunkowo dobrze zachowały się historyczne dialekty lokalne, nie można już obecnie mówić o dialektach i gwarach w tradycyjnym znaczeniu. Zmiany granic administracyjnych sprawiły bowiem, że tradycyjne gwary ulegają dziś zatarciu i stopniowo zanikają. Znacząco zmieniło się zwłaszcza usytuowanie strefy styku dialektów środkowego i górnołotewskiego; granica zasięgu tego ostatniego przesunęła się na wschód. Kwestiom tym poświęcono projekt „Dialekty łotewskie w XXI wieku: aspekt socjolingwistyczny”, w ramach którego od 2013 r. badana jest sytuacja socjolingwistyczna gwar na współczesnej Łotwie. Analizowane są przynajmniej trzy gwary w obrębie każdego z dialektów.Pojęcie granicy ma jednak zastosowanie do opisu innych aspektów badań dialektologicznych. Można na przykład mówić o granicy między zachowaniem cech dialektów a wpływami języka literackiego, jak również o granicach podtrzymywania cech gwarowych w mowie użytkowników należących do różnych grup wiekowych. Badaniu poddano także kwestię używania gwar w centralnych i peryferyjnych częściach rejonu ich występowania. Wstępne wyniki sugerują, że ludzie mieszkający dalej od centrum używają gwary częściej – zwłaszcza w komunikacji z członkami rodziny (w tym z młodszego pokolenia), z krewnymi i z sąsiadami.Wstępne wyniki badań wskazują także na zróżnicowaną sytuację poszczególnych dialektów. Na obszarze występowania gwar dialektu środkowego, najbliższego literackiej łotewszczyźnie, niemal zanikło rozgraniczenie między gwarami a językiem literackim, skoro różnicy takiej nie odczuwają sami informatorzy.W dialekcie liwońskim występuje kilka cech dialektalnych, obecnych jeszcze w większym lub mniejszym stopniu w mowie wszystkich pokoleń, jak uogólnienie rodzaju męskiego czy redukcja wygłosu. Jednakże i tutaj język, którym posługują się młodsi użytkownicy, stopniowo traci cechy dialektalne.Inna sytuacja panuje w grupach gwarowych dialektu górnołotewskiego. Gwary selońskie z Semigalii wykazują ślady cech dialektalnych (tonalność sylab, nieregularne przesunięcia samogłosek itd.); występują one przede wszystkim w mowie starszego pokolenia. Gwarami łatgalskimi z Widzeme posługują się z kolei głównie starsi respondenci, zwykle w gronie najbliższej rodziny; gwar tych praktycznie nie słyszy się natomiast w przestrzeni publicznej. Wiele cech dialektalnych zachowało się tu jednak także w mowie średniego, a nawet młodszego pokolenia. Najstabilniejsze okazały się gwary Łatgalii, co wiąże się z ich użyciem nie tylko w mowie codziennej, lecz również w działalności kulturalnej. Zachowaniu gwar sprzyja także istnienie łatgalskiego języka pisanego, jak również używanie miejscowego języka podczas nabożeństw Kościoła katolickiego. Wszystko to sprawia, że w Łatgalii gwarami posługują się przedstawiciele wszystkich pokoleń. Jednakże i tutaj ludzie młodsi niekiedy komunikują się między sobą w języku literackim.Studium to jest prezentacją nowych danych i jako takie może stanowić podstawę dalszych badań. Badania takie mogłyby umożliwić prognozowanie tego, jak rozwijać się będą język łotewski oraz jego dialekty jako ważne składniki odpowiednio narodowej i lokalnej tożsamości Łotyszy. Analiza porównawcza materiałów zebranych w różnych okresach pozwala na wyciąganie wniosków co do tego, które cechy dialektalne wykazują większą żywotność, które zaś prawdopodobnie ulegną zmianie lub zanikowi.
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Michaud, Alexis, and He Likun 和丽昆. "Phonemic and Tonal Analysis of the Pianding Dialect of Naxi (Dadong County, Lijiang Municipality)." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 44, no. 1 (2015): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00441p01.
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This article sets out a phonemic and tonal analysis of the second author’s native language: the (heretofore undescribed) Naxi dialect spoken in the village of Pianding (Dadong County, Lijiang Municipality, Yunnan). A distributional inventory brings out two pairs of phonemes that are of special interest to Naxi dialectology: (i) two apicalized vowels, /ɿ̟/and /ɿ̠/, and (ii) two rhotic vowels, /ɚ/ and /ɯ˞/, instead of only one apicalized vowel and one rhotic vowel in Old Town Naxi, the best-described dialect to date. These observations confirm and complement reports from other dialects; information on the lexical distribution of these conservative oppositions enriches the empirical basis for comparative–historical studies within the Naish subgroup of Sino–Tibetan. In the course of the discussion, observations about the Pianding dialect are placed in cross-dialect perspective; this article can thus serve as an introduction to key aspects of Naxi phonemics. Cet article présente une analyse des phonèmes et des tons de la langue maternelle du second auteur: le dialecte naxi (non décrit jusqu’ici) du village de Pianding (comté de Dadong, municipalité de Lijiang, Yunnan). Un inventaire distributionnel fait ressortir deux paires de phonèmes qui présentent un intérêt particulier pour la dialectologie naxi: deux voyelles apicales, /ɿ̟/ et /ɿ̠/, et deux voyelles rhotiques, /ɚ/ et /ɯ˞/, là où le dialecte de la vieille ville de Lijiang (Dayanzhen) – le dialecte le mieux décrit à ce jour – ne présente qu’une voyelle apicalisée et une voyelle rhotique. La distribution lexicale de ces oppositions conservatrices, qui avaient déjà été signalées dans d’autres dialectes, est ici exposée en détail, ce qui consolide la base empirique nécessaire à l’étude de la phonologie historique du groupe des langues naish. Au fil de l’exposé, les caractéristiques du parler de Pianding sont comparées à celles d’autres dialectes, de sorte que le présent article peut servir d’introduction aux problématiques centrales de la phonologie du naxi.
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Gogolewski, Stanisław. "Dialectology in Poland 1873–1997." History of Linguistics in Poland 25, no. 1-2 (1998): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.25.1-2.08gog.
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Summary The advent and the first stage of development of the Polish dialectology is connected with the Neogrammarian trend. In 1873, Lucjan Malinowski (1839–1898) published in Leipzig the first scientific description of a Polish dialect. His student, Kazimierz Nitsch (1874–1958), included in his research the entire territory of the Polish language, and in 1915 published the first synthesis Dialekty języka polskiego (Dialects of the Polish language).In the inter-war period and later, there appeared a number of descriptions of dialects of individual villages and larger regions. A new, synthesizing discussion of the subject, in Karol Dejna’s (b.1911) Dialekty polskie (Polish dialects), was published in 1973. Geolinguistic atlases of particular dialects were produced, as well as Mały atlas gwar polskich (A little atlas of Polish dialects) comprising the whole country. A number of dialectal dictionaries were issued; work on the voluminous Słownik gwar polskich (A dictionary of Polish dialects) is in progress. A new area of research is developing – historical dialectology which is concerned with the problems of participation of particular dialects in the formation of literary Polish.
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KNOOIHUIZEN, REMCO. "Shetland Scots as a new dialect: phonetic and phonological considerations." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 3 (2009): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309990207.
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The dialect of Scots spoken in the Shetland Islands has been variously described as a language shift variety, acquired when the islanders abandoned their native Norn for Scots from the sixteenth century onwards, or a continuation of the dialects brought to Shetland by Scottish immigrants in the same period. More recently, Millar (2008) discussed the origins of Shetland Scots in a theory of new-dialect formation (Trudgill 2004), which allows for a combination of earlier explanations. In this article, I give a systematic analysis of the phonetics and phonology of Early Shetland Scots in comparison to Norn and mainland Scots dialects. The Shetland Scots data are largely consistent with theoretical expectations, lending further support to the new-dialect reading of the dialect's diachronic development.
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Nguyen, Truyen Thi Thanh. "Main vowel variations in syllablesm with final consonants and final semi-consonants of Son Tinh local dialect in Quang Ngai." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 2 (2015): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1200.
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This paper reports a problem related dialects, which is main vowel variations in syllables with final consonants and semiconsonants of Son Tinh local dialect in Quang Ngai. We call it “local dialect” as its phonetics is somewhat different from Quang Ngai dialect’s. In the dialect of Son Tinh, with the same phoneme but when combined with different final consonants and semiconsonants, it will produce different phonetic variations. It is said that the phonetics of local dialects along the coast lines of the South of the Central are very complicated but in fact they varied with fixed rules, typical of which was the case of Son Tinh local dialect in Quang Ngai which resulted in the lost of the main vowel [ə̆] (written as "â"); at the same time, mass-produced were homophones, making the number of complex syllables reduced in half, compared with the Vietnamese language.
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McGinn, Richard. "Some Irregular Reflexes of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Vowels in the Rejang Language of Sumatra." Diachronica 14, no. 1 (1997): 67–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.14.1.04mcg.
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SUMMARY At issue is the role of dialect evidence to explain certain irregular reflexes of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian vowels in Rejang. According to Blust (1984), the Musi dialect of Rejang seems to exemplify two types of sound change, one conditioned solely by phonological factors and the other by nonphonological (semantic or grammatical) factors; thus PMP *a irregularly failed to diphthongize in kin terms, and word-final *a, *i and *u irregularly failed to diphthongize in the pronouns. On the contrary, the paper suggests 'neogrammarian' regularity for all reflexes of PMP vowels in kin terms and pronouns in Rejang. In order to account for the apparent irregularities, it has been necessary to broaden the data base by revisiting the PMP consonantal reconstructions and the role of the accent, and above all by incorporating evidence from other dialects of the Rejang group (Kebanagung, Pasisir). The possibility of eventual union between historical phonology and dialect geography is discussed. Two errors of method in the previous literature on Rejang are pointed out. RÉSUMÉ En cause est le rôle de la preuve dialectale pour expliquer certaines manifestations irrégulières des voyelles proto-malayo-polynésiennes en rejang. Selon Blust (1984), le dialecte musien du rejang semble exemplifier deux changements phonologiques, l'un conditionné seulement par les éléments phonologiques et l'autre par les éléments non-phonologiques (sémantiques et grammaticals); ainsi le *a PMP a manqué, irregulièrement, de diphtonguer avec des termes de parenté, et les voyelles *a, *i, et *u en fin de mot ont manqué, irregulierement, de diphtonguer dans les formes pronominales. Au contraire l'article suggère une régularité 'néogrammairienne' pour tous les réflexes des voyelles PMP avec les termes de parenté et les pronoms. Pour expliquer les irregularités apparentes, il fallait étendre la base de données par revisiter les reconstructions consonantiques de PMP et le rôle de l'accent, et surtout par incorporation de preuves d'autres dialectes du groupe rejangien (Kebanagung, Pasisir). La possibilité d'union productive entre la phonologie historique et la géographie dialectale est discutée. Deux erreurs de méthode dans les travaux précédents sur le rejang sont indiquées. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Untersuchung gilt der Rolle dialektaler Beweise zur Erklärung be-stimmter irregulärer Reflexe von Proto-Malayo-Polynesischen (PMP) Vokalen in Rejang. Nach Blust (1984) schien der Musi Dialekt von Rejang das Vorhandensein von zwei Typen von Lautver ä nderung zu beweisen: einer allein bedingt durch phonologische, der andere durch nicht-phonologische (semantische oder grammatische) Faktoren. Folglich wurden PMP *a irregular nicht in Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen diphthongisiert, und am Wortende wurden *a, *i und *u irregular nicht in den Pronomen diphthongisiert. Der vorliegede Beitrag schlagt im Gegenteil 'junggrammatische' Regelmässigkeiten vor fiir alle Reflexe von PMP Vokalen in Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen und Pronomen in Rejang. Um die offenbaren Unregelmässigkeiten zu erklaren, er-scheint es notwendig, die Datengrundlage durch emeutes Betrachten der Kon-sonantenrekonstruktion im PMP und der Rolle des Akzents, vor allem aber durch Einbeziehen anderer Dialekte der Rejang Gruppe (Kebanagung, Pasisir) zu erweitern. Die Möglichkeit einer letztlichen Verbindung zwischen histori-scher Phonologie und Dialektgeographie wird diskutiert. Zwei methodische Fehler in der bisherigen Literatur über Rejang werden aufgezeigt.
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Dede, Keith. "Standard Chinese and the Xining dialect." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 16, no. 2 (2006): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.16.2.10ded.
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Xining, the capital of Qinghai province, is an especially valuable location for observing the spread and influence of Standard Chinese, or Putonghua, for at least two reasons. First, the dialect’s history of contact with non-Sinitic languages, mostly Tibetan and Mongolic languages, created an older linguistic stratum that differs markedly from other Mandarin dialects, indeed with most all Chinese dialects, in clearly identifiable ways, so that comparisons between Standard Chinese and variations within the Xining dialect reflect unambiguous cases of standard cum dialect language contact. Second, the demographic history of the region, including large-scale migrations of Chinese-speaking people from other provinces, created a socio-cultural context in which the promotion of Standard Chinese would likely find fertile ground. This paper will show that the combination of these two factors has created a situation in which the old Xining dialect is rapidly disappearing. In its place is not Standard Chinese, per se, but an interdialect, a compromise variety stripped of the most obvious dialect features but clearly distinct from Standard Chinese. The differences will be shown to exist in the phonology, lexicon and syntax of the dialect and that the more highly educated members of the community are leading the changes toward the New Xining dialect. While Standard Chinese is shown to have been a powerful force in the creation the New Xining dialect, it has not completely replaced the local dialect.
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Mędelska, Jolanta. "Specyficzne warianty języków narodowych: polski północnokresowy i niemiecki nadwołżański. Perspektywy badań porównawczych." Acta Baltico-Slavica 39 (December 31, 2015): 14–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2015.004.
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Particular variations of national languages: Polish Northern Kresy dialect and Volga German. Prospects for comparative studyThe author addresses particular language codes: Polish Northern Kresy dialect and Volga German. These varieties of their respective national languages evolved in unusual circumstances. Both were located outside of their home ethnic territory and occurred mainly in the form of extensive linguistic islands.Two varieties of Polish Northern Kresy dialect took shape in the lands of presentday Lithuania, Belarus, and Latvia. Voluntarily moving to the cities and smaller towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poles carried with them the Polish language, which eventually was assumed by the local upper echelons, who by Polonizing produced a particular local cultural dialect. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Lithuanian and Belarusian peasants began to take up this dialect. In this manner, compact Polish language areas developed beyond the northeastern ethnic border, in other words, the areas of Northern Kresy dialect. Both varieties of the Polish language developed in the Russian Empire, where they were subjected to Russification. Once again they were drawn into the orbit of a strong Russian influence after World War II. On this basis, a new Northern Kresy cultural dialect took shape in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.Volga German dialects, which can be categorized as transferred dialects, arrived in the Volga region in the eighteenth century with settlers from different parts of Germany, and underwent modifications in the new locale, consisting mainly of the mixing of different dialects. These evolved for a long time in isolation, from the Russian environment, from other varieties of the German language used in many places in Russia, as well as from literary German. At the end of the nineteenth century, they were officially subjected to Russification. They were again Russified (Sovietized) in the 1920s and 30s. In the Soviet period, a peculiar cultural dialect developed, based on the dialects of Volga German.The author discusses the points of contact and divergence in the history of Volga German and Polish Northern Kresy dialect, indicating possible directions for comparative research. Specyficzne warianty języków narodowych: polski północnokresowy i niemiecki nadwołżański. Perspektywy badań porównawczychAutorka zajmuje się szczególnymi kodami językowymi: polszczyzną północnokresową i niemczyzną nadwołżańską. Są to odmiany języków narodowych, które rozwijały się w niezwykłych warunkach. Oba znajdowały się poza terytorium etnicznym i występowały głównie w postaci rozległych wysp językowych.Polszczyzna północnokresowa ukształtowała się na ziemiach dzisiejszej Litwy, Białorusi, Łotwy w dwóch odmianach. Polacy dobrowolnie przenoszący się do miast i miasteczek Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego przenieśli na te tereny język polski, który z czasem przejmowały miejscowe warstwy wyższe, polonizując się i wytwarzając specyficzny miejscowy dialekt kulturalny. W II połowie XIX w. dialekt ten zaczęli przejmować chłopi litewscy i białoruscy. W ten sposób powstały zwarte obszary języka polskiego za północno-wschodnią granicą etniczną, czyli gwary północnokresowe. Obie odmiany polszczyzny rozwijały się w Imperium Rosyjskim, gdzie poddawane były rusyfikacji. Ponownie trafiły w orbitę silnego oddziaływania języka rosyjskiego po II wojnie światowej. W Litewskiej Socjalistycznej Republice Radzieckiej na ich podstawie ukształtował się nowy północnokresowy dialekt kulturalny.Dialekty niemieckie Powołża należą do gwar przeniesionych, trafiły nad Wołgę w XVIII w. wraz z przybyszami z różnych stron Niemiec, na nowym miejscu uległy modyfikacji, polegającej głównie na wymieszaniu poszczególnych gwar. Długo rozwijały się w izolacji zarówno od rosyjskiego otoczenia, jak i od innych odmian języka niemieckiego, używanych w wielu punktach Rosji, a także od niemczyzny literackiej. Pod koniec XIX w. drogą administracyjną poddano je rusyfikacji. Ponownie rusyfikowano je (sowietyzowano) w latach 20. i 30. XX w. W okresie radzieckim na bazie dialektów niemiecko-nadwołżańskich ukształtował się swoisty dialekt kulturalny.Autorka omawia punkty styczne i rozbieżne w historii niemczyzny nadwołżańskiej i polszczyzny północnokresowej, wskazując możliwe kierunki badań porównawczych.
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Daugavet, Anna. "Recent developments in Latvian dialectology." Baltic Linguistics 5 (December 31, 2014): 147–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.406.
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Trumpa, Edmunds. 2012. Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes [Studies in Latvian Dialect Geography]. Rīga: Zinātne. ISBN 978–9984–879–34–5.Sarkanis, Alberts. 2013. Latviešu valodas dialektu atlants. Fonētika. Apraksts, kartes un to komentāri [Latvian Dialect Atlas. Phonetics. Description, Maps and Commentaries]. Rīga: LU Latviešu valodas institūts. ISBN: 978–9984–742–68–7
The last year saw the appearance of two significant contributions to the study of Latvian dialects. These are the phonology part of the Latvian Dialect Atlas prepared by Alberts Sarkanis (2013) and Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes by Edmunds (Edmundas) Trumpa (2012a). The two are very different in their aims and methods, even though both deal with phonetic isoglosses of traditional rural dialects. In fact, traditional rural dialects are still considered as the only object of research by Latvian dialectologists in spite of the considerable changes to the field elsewhere, marked by the breakdown of the barriers between dialectology and sociolinguistics (see e.g. Chambers & Trudgill 2004 and Auer & Schmidt 2010). However, of the two reviewed books, Trumpa (2012a) seems to be closer to the modern understanding of research into language and space, and therefore his work can be seen as a promise of changes in Latvian dialectology, whereas Sarkanis (2013) almost entirely belongs to the traditional approach. Nevertheless, in the context of Trumpa’s rather innovative book, Sarkanis’ Phonological Atlas serves as a summary of achievements from the previous stage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dialets"
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Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros. "Eficiência de dialelos circulantes via simulação por reamostragem de um dialelo completo." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10462.
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Geralmente, o número de progenitores incluídos num dialelo completo é elevado, acarretando em muitas polinizações manuais, o que aliado às dificuldades das operações de campo, disponibilidade de recursos financeiros, mão-de-obra e período para a execução dos cruzamentos, pode tornar limitante a execução do mesmo. Os dialelos circulantes surgem como uma das alternativas para a solução deste problema. No presente trabalho se verificou as estimativas da capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) e da capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) obtidas nos dialelos circulantes comparadas as estimativas obtidas no dialelo completo. Num primeiro estudo foram simulados dados para um dialelo completo, a fim de se estudar as ações genéticas em consonância ao efeito do dialelo circulante. Num segundo estudo foram utilizados dados de um dialelo completo avaliado por PACHECO (1997). Nos dois estudos o dialelo completo foi composto por 28 progenitores e seus 378 híbridos F 1 ’s, Os dialelos circulantes foram obtidos por reamostragem do dialelo completo, sendo cada um deles representados por s cruzamentos iguais a 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5 e 3. Foram gerados 1000 dialelos circulantes para cada valor de s. No primeiro estudo foram simuladas cinco variáveis hipotéticas de diferentes relações d/a (0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0) governadas por um gene com dois alelos. Para os dois estudos foram definidos alguns parâmetros genéticos que possibilitaram avaliar as estimativas de CGC e CEC. Foi obtida a distribuição amostral dos parâmetros genéticos estudados e considerou-se os valores obtidos no dialelo completo (s = 27) como valores de referência (valores paramétricos). Concluiu-se que o uso de simulação mostrou-se adequado para a comparação dos dialelos circulantes com o dialelo completo. As estimativas de CGC e CEC obtidas nos dialelos circulantes foram semelhantes às obtidas no dialelo completo, exceto para alguns progenitores, quando o valor de s utilizado foi pequeno. Foi verificado para a variável produção de espigas (t/ha), que com s =19, o que equivale a uma redução de aproximadamente 30% dos cruzamentos, o dialelo circulante permitiu selecionar os melhores progenitores e as melhores combinações híbridas. Portanto, a viabilidade do uso de dialelos circulantes é baseada nas populações estudadas, nas características avaliadas e no objetivo do melhorista.
In maize breeding programs there is almost always a huge number of progenitors to be included in a complete diallel, thus many manual pollinations need to be conducted. In addition, there are the usual difficulties of field operations, availability of financial resources, workmanship and the restricted period available to execute the crossings. Hence, the execution of a complete diallel may become unrealistic and incomplete diallels such as the circulant diallel seem to be a good alternative to the problems mentioned. In the present work we study estimation of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) (GRIFFING, 1956) obtained from circulant diallels as compared to the analogous estimates obtained from the complete diallel. In a first study we simulated data for a complete diallel in order to study gene action in conection with circulant diallel effect. In a second study we used data from a complete diallel conducted by Pacheco (1997). In both studies the complete diallel involved 28 progenitors (p = 28) and their respective 378 F 1 hybrids (p(p- 1)/2). The circulant diallels were obtained from resampling of the complete diallel and each one of the 28 progenitors was represented by s crossings. The s values were set equal to 25, 23, 21, 19, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5 and 3 and we generated 1000 circulant diallels for each one of these 12 alternative values of s. In the first study we simulated different degree of dominance to additive relations (d/a) of gene action using the values of d/a equal to 0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 and 2,0. In both studies we defined genetic parameters in order to evaluate the sample distribution of GCA e SCA estimated from the 12000 circulant diallels. We estimated Bootstrap expected values and sample standard deviations for all of the genetic parameters and considered the estimates obtained by using the complete diallel data (s = 27) as reference values (or parametric values). Simulation of circulant diallel data from resampling of the complete diallel data showed to be a very good alternative for comparing these schemes. Estimated values of GCA e SCA obtained from circulant diallels were similar to those obtained from the complete diallel except for a few progenitors in cases where a small s value was used. It was verified for the variable ear weight (t/ha), that with s = 19, equivalent to 30% reduction in the number of crosses, the circulant diallel allowed selection of the best progenitors and hybrid crosses in accordance with the complete diallel. As an overall conclusion we state that circulant diallel can be a good alternative to a complete diallel depending of the characteristics under evaluation, type of populations to be used and also on the goals of the breeding program.
Dissertação importada do Alexandria
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Leopoldino, Everton Altmayer. "A fala dos tiroleses de Piracicaba: um perfil linguístico dos bairros Santana e Santa Olímpia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-03022010-113449/.
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São mais de cento e trinta anos de imigração tirolesa no Brasil. Ainda não sabemos exatamente qual o número real de imigrantes tiroleses que, saídos principalmente da região trentina no final do século XIX, desembarcaram em terras brasileiras com suas esperanças e o sonho de far lAmérica. Sabemos, entretanto, que sua influência cultural deixou contribuições importantes na sociedade brasileira, sobretudo nos estados do Sul e Sudeste. O presente trabalho propõe analisar a fala da comunidade tirolesa (trentina) da cidade de Piracicaba, formada por dois bairros: Santana e Santa Olímpia. Juntos, os bairros rurais são a mais significativa colônia tirolesa do estado de São Paulo, cuja variante do português, marcadamente influenciada pelo dialeto trentino (ainda mantido na comunidade e ali chamado tirolés), destaca e diferencia seus moradores no contexto linguístico piracicabano. As análises registram os aspectos principais dessa variante do português e acreditamos que servirão, alfim, para um melhor conhecimento sobre a comunidade tirolesa de Piracicaba, bem como para uma compreensão mais abrangente acerca da diversidade linguística das comunidades de imigração do Brasil.More than one hundred and thirty years have passed since the tyrolean immigration in Brazil has began and we still do not know the exactly real number of tyrolean immigrants that landed in brazilian territories with their hopes and dreams of \"far lAmerica\", most of them coming from the Trentino region in the late nineteenth century. We know, however, that their cultural influence left important contributions in the brazilian society, especially in the states of the south and southeast. This work proposes to analyze the speech of the tyrolean community (from Trentino) in the city of Piracicaba, comprised of two neighborhoods: Santana and Santa Olimpia. Together, the rural districts are the most significant tyrolean colony of São Paulo state, in which the portuguese language variant highlights and differentiates the people who lives there from the linguistic context of the city of Piracicaba, strongly influenced by the Trentinian dialect ( which remains in those neighborhoods).. The analysis show the main aspects of this variant of the portuguese language and we believe that they will be useful to better understand the tyrolean community of Piracicaba as well to improve the knowledge about the linguistic diversity of communities of immigrants in Brazil.
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Ó, Muircheartaigh Peadar. "Gaelic dialects present and past : a study of modern and medieval dialect relationships in the Gaelic languages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20473.
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This thesis focuses on the historical development of dialectal variation in the Gaelic languages with special reference to Irish. As a point of departure, competing scholarly theories concerning the historical relationships between Goidelic dialects are laid out. Next, these theories are tested using dialectometric methods of linguistic analysis. Dialectometry clearly suggests the Irish of Ulster is the most linguistically distinctive of Irish dialects. This perspective on the modern dialects is utilised in subsequent chapters to clarify our understanding of the history of Gaelic dialectal variation, especially during the Old Irish period (AD 600–900). Theoretical and methodological frameworks that have been used in the study of the historical dialectology of Gaelic are next outlined. It is argued that these frameworks may not be the most appropriate for investigating dialectal variation during the Old Irish period. For the first time, principles from historical sociolinguistics are here applied in investigating the language of the Old Irish period. In particular, the social and institutional structures which supported the stability of Old Irish as a text language during the 8th and 9th centuries are scrutinised from this perspective. The role of the ecclesiastical and political centre of Armagh as the principal and central actor in the relevant network structures is highlighted. Focus then shifts to the processes through which ‘standard’ languages emerge, with special reference to Old Irish. The evidence of a small number of texts upon which modern understandings of Old Irish was based is assessed; it is argued that these texts most likely emerged from monasteries in the northeast of Ireland and the southwest of Scotland. Secondly, the processes through which the standard of the Old Irish period is likely to have come about are investigated. It is concluded that the standard language of the period arose primarily through the agency of monastic schools in the northeast of Ireland, particularly Armagh and Bangor. It is argued that this fact, and the subsequent prominence of Armagh as a stable and supremely prestigious centre of learning throughout the period, offers a sociolinguistically robust explanation for the apparent lack of dialectal variation in the language. Finally, the socio-political situation of the Old Irish period is discussed. Models of new-dialect formation are applied to historical evidence, and combined with later linguistic evidence, in an attempt to enunciate dialectal divisions which may have existed during the period.
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Vottéro, Guy. "Recherches sur le dialecte béotien (7e - 2e siècles av. J. -C. )." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21030.
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Tome 1: aperçus sur la géographie, l'histoire et le mode de vie béotiens, du 7e au 2e s. Av. J. C. Avec bibliographie, index des noms propres (géographie, politique, noms de personnes, religion) et table des matières; tome 2 : le dialecte béotien, étude phonétique et phonologique de la langue des inscriptions : 1) dialecte et histoire, sources, alphabets; le dialecte du début du 7e s. à la première moitié du 4e s. 2) le dialecte de la première moitié du 4e s. à la première moitié du 2e s. ; bibliographie, index grec et table des matières; tome 3: liste des inscriptions, classées par cités, périodes, types de textes, avec les références bibliographiques utiles, des précisions sur la nature des documents disponibles, une datation approximative; table de concordances et table des matières; tome 4: recueil des textes littéraires et des gloses; bibliographie, index des glossateurs et des mots béotiens, table des matièresTome 1 : survey on the boeotian geography, history and way of life, from the 7th to 2nd c. B. C. With bibliography, index of proper names (geographical, political, personal and religious), and table of contents; tome 2 : the boeotian dialect, phonetically and phonological study of the epigraphically language : 1) dialect and history, sources, alphabets; the dialect from early 7th c. To the first half of the 4th c. 2) the dialect from the first half of the 4th c. To the first half of the 2th c. Bibliography, Greek index table of contents; tome 3 : the inscriptions, listed by cities, spans of time, categories of texts, with the necessary bibliographical references, precisions on the natures of the available documents, and approximate datation; table of concordances and table of contents; tome 4 : collection of the literary texts and glosses; bibliography, index from the glossators and the boeotian words, table of contents
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Ferragne, Emmanuel Boisson Claude. "Etude phonétique des dialectes modernes de l'anglais des Iles Britanniques vers l'identification automatique du dialecte /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/ferragne_e.
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Carvalho, Solange Peixe Pinheiro de. "A tradução do socioleto literário: um estudo de \'Wuthering heights\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-09112007-142700/.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma proposta de tradução para as falas das personagens que usam o dialeto de Yorkshire no romance Wuthering Heights. O romance, publicado pela primeira vez na Inglaterra em 1847, já teve nove traduções diferentes no Brasil, bem como diversas reimpressões; e a existência desta proposta se deve ao fato de todas as traduções deixarem de lado a questão dialetal e apresentarem a fala dessas personagens dentro da norma culta da língua portuguesa. Consideramos que é necessário manter nas traduções em português a heterogeneidade existente no original inglês, pois essa é uma característica importante que não deve ser ignorada, principalmente depois que estudos lingüísticos e sociolingüísticos mostraram que dialetos não são formas inferiores de uma língua \"padrão\", correta. Levando em consideração as diferenças lingüísticas existentes entre a Inglaterra e o Brasil, e tendo por base estudos dialetológicos e o uso de elementos da oralidade para a criação das falas, a proposta de tradução pretende mostrar ao leitor brasileiro o fato de algumas personagens do romance não usarem o inglês standard ao falar, bem como uma análise sobre o papel desempenhado pelo uso do dialeto em diferentes momentos da narrativa.The main purpose of this dissertation is to propose a translation for the speech of the characters that speak Yorkshire dialect in the novel Wuthering Heights. This novel, published for the first time in England in 1847, has already been translated nine times into Brazilian Portuguese; besides, these translations have also been reissued here. This dissertation has as its basis the fact that in all nine Brazilian translations the Yorkshire dialect has been rendered into standard Portuguese. We consider that it is necessary to keep in Portuguese the linguistic diversity found in the original text, since it is a very important characteristic of the novel that cannot be ignored, most of all because linguistic and sociolinguistic studies have shown that dialects are not \"inferior\" forms of a \"standard\", correct, language. Taking into consideration the linguistic differences that exist between English and Brazilian Portuguese, and having as basis dialectological studies and the use of elements of oral language to create the speech of the characters in Portuguese, this work intends to show to Brazilian readers the fact that some characters in the novel do not speak standard English, as well as an analysis about the role played by the use of dialect in different moments of the novel.
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Fattah, Ismaïl Kamandar. "Dialectes kurdes du sud étude linguistique du dialecte Kirmanshahifayli (Khalori, Kirmanshah, Khanaqini, Bayray-Shirwani, Malikshay-Arkowazi) /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376135460.
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Fattāḥ, Ismāʿil Qamandār. "Dialectes kurdes du sud : étude linguistique du dialecte kirmânshâhifaylî (Kalhorî, Kirmânshâh, Khânaqînî, Bayray-Shîrwânî, Malikshây-Arkowâzi)." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070110.
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Le dialecte kirmanshahi-fayli, grand dialecte kurde méconnu parle principalement dans les provinces de kirmanshah et d'ilam en Iran, et le long de la frontière iranienne de Khanaqin à Badra en Irak, n'a été perçu jusqu'à présent par les iranologues que sous une forme éclatée et fragmentaire. Il est ici resitué et délimité dans le contexte complexe des dialectes kurdes du sud, et étudié dans ses aspects phonétiques et phonologiques, morphologiques, syntaxiques et lexicaux en tenant compte de ses variations linguistiques. Celles-ci s'organisent en cinq groupes variationnels que nous avons dégagés à partir de la douzaine de villes et de régions étudiées ici. D'autres questions de la kurdologie, les confusions des orientalistes sur cette grande région, et notamment à propos des laks, des lors et des guran, la question de l'écriture du kurde et de l'unification de cette langue sont également débattuesThe kirmanshahi-fayli dialect, one of the greatest southern kurdish dialects, is spoken mostly in the kirmanshah and ilam provinces of Iran and along the iranian border from Khanaqin to Badra in Irak. Until now this dialect was not well known by iranologists and essentially perceived as isolated and separated fragments. Here it is resituated and given proper limits within the complicated frame of southern kurdish dialects. We offer a study of its phonetical and phonological, morphological, syntaxical and lexical aspects, always taking into account its linguistic variations. These are organised into five variation groups which have been derived from our study of a dozen cities and regions. Other kurdological questions, namely the confusion among the orientalists about this wide region, particularly concerning the lak, lor and guran dialects, along with the question of the writing and unification of the kurdish language, are
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Weinstein, Joshua J. "Stage dialects." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181953.
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Thesis (Honors paper)--Florida State University, 2010.Advisor: Debra Hale, Florida State University, College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance, School of Theatre. Includes bibliographical references.
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Fouquet, Christina Benini Gimenes. "A influência no dialeto nordestino frente ao dialeto paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-07112013-122227/.
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Esta pesquisa descreve o comportamento linguístico de nordestinos residentes na cidade de São Paulo e nos municípios de Osasco e Santo André, a partir do pressuposto de que o comportamento linguístico de um indivíduo dentro de sua comunidade de fala envolve mudanças. O objetivo é verificar se os nordestinos modificaram seu dialeto diante do dialeto paulista. Adotaram-se como corpus doze entrevistas com falantes. A metodologia utilizada foi a de entrevistas gravadas em gravador digital e a transcrição obedecendo-se a fluência verbal dos informantes a fim de coletar dados elucidativos para o presente estudo. Nas transcrições procurou-se, quando possível, utilizar as normas de transcrição do Projeto NURC. Partimos de duas análises sociolinguísticas: a análise das variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas. A análise das variáveis extralinguísticas objetivou traçar o perfil de quem poderia estar ou não implementando uma mudança linguística. Os fatores aferidos foram: gênero, escolaridade, tempo de permanência em São Paulo, faixa etária, ocupação e estados de origem. Nesta análise percebeu-se que há tanto falantes categóricos como aqueles que oscilam ao utilizar ou não seu dialeto, que os fatores extralinguísticos estão diretamente relacionados a essa mudança, assim como o estado de origem dos entrevistados. A análise das variáveis linguísticas objetivou verificar se há uma mudança linguística em curso ou não e em quais situações de fala isso pode acontecer. Os fatores aferidos foram as variáveis dependentes: [ t ] [ d ] oclusiva dental e [ t ] [ d ] africada palato-alveolar diante da vogal [ i ] e as variáveis independentes quanto ao segmento antecedente, segmento seguinte e em relação à sílaba tônica. Os dados foram codificados e aferidos através do programa Goldvarb versão 2001.This research aims at describing and analysing the linguistic behavior of the northeastern ones who lives in Sao Paulo city, and in the neightborhood cities: Osasco and Santo André, as a consequence of their migration movements. The objective is verify if the northeasten modify their dialects in front of paulistas dialect. Twelve interviews were adopted like corpus with resident speakers. The used methodology was that of interviews recorded in digital tape recorder and the transcription obeying verbal fluency of the informants in order to collect elucidatory data for the present study. In the transcriptions it tried, as possible as, to use the Project NURCs transcription standards. We began of two analyses sociolinguistics: the analysis of the linguistic and extralinguistic variables. The analysis of the extralinguistic variables aimed to draw whose profile might be or without implementing a linguistic change. The checked factors were: genre, schooling, permanence time in Sao Paulo, age, occupation and states of origin. In this analysis it was seen that it is so much categorical speakers as those who oscillate while using or not their dialects, that the extralinguistic factors are straightly connected to this change, as well as the state of origin of the interviewed ones. The analysis of the linguistic variables aimed to check if there is a current linguistic change or not and in which speech situations that can happen. The checked factors were the dependent variables: [t] [d] oclusiva dental consonant and [t ] [d ] africada - alveolar before the vowel [i] and the independent variables as for the preceding segment, next segment and regarding the syllable tonic. The data were encoded and checked through the program Goldvarb version 2001.
Books on the topic "Dialets"
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Kalka, Joachim. Dialekt, Dialekte. Wallstein, 2011.
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Marcato, Carla. Dialetto, dialetti e italiano. Il mulino, 2002.
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Marcato, Carla. Dialetto, dialetti e italiano. Il mulino, 2002.
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Redʹkin, O. I. Araviĭskie periferiĭnye dialekty: Dialekt Khadramauta. Izd-vo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2003.
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Irti, Rosèlia. E nòster dialet: Piccola guida al dialetto di Imola. Santerno, 1996.
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Low Saxon dialects across borders =: Niedersächsische Dialekte über Grenzen hinweg. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2009.
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Consani, Carlo. Dialektos: Contributo alla storia del concetto di "dialetto". Giardini, 1991.
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Sarkanis, Alberts. Latviešu valodas dialektu atlans: Fonētika = The Atlas of the Latvian dialects : fonetics. Latvijas Universitātes Latviešu Valodas Institūts, 2013.
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Dialekt, Sprachmischung und Spracheinstellungen: Am Beispiel deutscher Dialekte in Ungarn. Narr Verlag, 2010.
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Dialects. 2nd ed. Routledge, 2004.
Book chapters on the topic "Dialets"
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Vicente, Ángeles. "Dialect contact and urban dialects." In The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Sociolinguistics. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315722450-8.
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Kays, Stanley J. "Dialects." In Cultivated vegetables of the world: a multilingual onomasticon. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-720-2_10.
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Daan, Jo, and Karen Brouwer. "Dialects." In Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.hpd1.08daa.
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Tribulato, Olga. "Literary Dialects." In A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444317398.ch26.
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Dols, Nicolau, and Richard Mansell. "Main dialects." In Catalan. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781138921290-4.
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Homer, Michael, Timothy Jones, James Noble, Kim B. Bruce, and Andrew P. Black. "Graceful Dialects." In ECOOP 2014 – Object-Oriented Programming. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44202-9_6.
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Herin, Bruno. "Traditional dialects." In The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Sociolinguistics. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315722450-7.
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Zuazo, Koldo. "Literary dialects." In Standard Basque and Its Dialects. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429429729-6.
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Sanada, Shinji. "Japanese dialects." In Routledge Handbook of Japanese Sociolinguistics. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315213378-4.
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Bammesberger, Alfred. "On the Germanic decades ‘20’ to ‘60’." In Germanic Dialects. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.38.04bam.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Dialets"
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Amine Menacer, Mohamed, and Kamel Smaïli. "Investigating Data Sharing in Speech Recognition for an Under-Resourced Language: The Case of Algerian Dialect." In 7th International Conference on Advances in Computer Science and Information Technology (ACSTY 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110308.
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The Arabic language has many varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), and its spoken forms, namely the dialects. Those dialects are representative examples of under-resourced languages for which automatic speech recognition is considered as an unresolved issue. To address this issue, we recorded several hours of spoken Algerian dialect and used them to train a baseline model. This model was boosted afterwards by taking advantage of other languages that impact this dialect by integrating their data in one large corpus and by investigating three approaches: multilingual training, multitask learning and transfer learning. The best performance was achieved using a limited and balanced amount of acoustic data from each additional language, as compared to the data size of the studied dialect. This approach led to an improvement of 3.8% in terms of word error rate in comparison to the baseline system trained only on the dialect data.
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Задорожня, Ірина. "ДІАЛЕКТНА ТЕКСТОТЕКА: ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ". У Proceedings of the XXV International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25012021/7360.
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The article reviews the problem of Ukrainian dialectic textography. This scientific area has been recently enriched with new works. This article focuses on dialectic text. Text is one of the important tools to represent dialect materials. For example, small text fragments show how can a lexeme behave in a speech-space. One of the dialects of the central region of Ukraine was chosen for the analysis, as this dialect specifically is one of the ancestors of the modern Ukrainian literary language. The subject of the presented fragments is associated with popular geographical terminology. This vocabulary is closely related to primordial history and culture. This thematic group is archaic. It has not yet become the object of a separate study, which would represent the whole variety of dialects from the entire territory of Ukraine. Up until today, there are only a few regional works.
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Tzudir, Moakala, Priyankoo Sarmah, and S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna. "Tonal feature based dialect discrimination in two dialects in Ao." In TENCON 2017 - 2017 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2017.8228149.
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Wang, Chuqi. "Dialect Protection from the Perspective of Natural Characteristics Loss of Dialects." In Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Education, Economics, Social Science, Arts, Sports and Management Engineering Conference (IEESASM 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ieesasm-17.2018.76.
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Noever, David, Josh Kalin, Matthew Ciolino, Dom Hambrick, and Gerry Dozier. "Local Translation Services for Neglected Languages." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110110.
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Taking advantage of computationally lightweight, but high-quality translators prompt consideration of new applications that address neglected languages. For projects with protected or personal data, translators for less popular or low-resource languages require specific compliance checks before posting to a public translation API. In these cases, locally run translators can render reasonable, cost-effective solutions if done with an army of offline, smallscale pair translators. Like handling a specialist’s dialect, this research illustrates translating two historically interesting, but obfuscated languages: 1) hacker-speak (“l33t”) and 2) reverse (or “mirror”) writing as practiced by Leonardo da Vinci. The work generalizes a deep learning architecture to translatable variants of hacker-speak with lite, medium, and hard vocabularies. The original contribution highlights a fluent translator of hacker-speak in under 50 megabytes and demonstrates a companion text generator for augmenting future datasets with greater than a million bilingual sentence pairs. A primary motivation stems from the need to understand and archive the evolution of the international computer community, one that continuously enhances their talent for speaking openly but in hidden contexts. This training of bilingual sentences supports deep learning models using a long short-term memory, recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN). It extends previous work demonstrating an English-to-foreign translation service built from as little as 10,000 bilingual sentence pairs. This work further solves the equivalent translation problem in twenty-six additional (non-obfuscated) languages and rank orders those models and their proficiency quantitatively with Italian as the most successful and Mandarin Chinese as the most challenging. For neglected languages, the method prototypes novel services for smaller niche translations such as Kabyle (Algerian dialect) which covers between 5-7 million speakers but one which for most enterprise translators, has not yet reached development. One anticipates the extension of this approach to other important dialects, such as translating technical (medical or legal) jargon and processing health records or handling many of the dialects collected from specialized domains (mixed languages like “Spanglish”, acronym-laden Twitter feeds, or urban slang).
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Tzudir, Moakala, Priyankoo Sarmah, and S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna. "Dialect Identification Using Tonal and Spectral Features in Two Dialects of Ao." In The 6th Intl. Workshop on Spoken Language Technologies for Under-Resourced Languages. ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/sltu.2018-29.
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Younes, Mohammad, and Sam Hellmuth. "Disambiguating cues of disjunctive questions." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0010/000425.
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This paper aims to find out the similarities and differences between Jordanian (JA), Egyptian (EA), and Kuwaiti (KA) Arabic in which cues disambiguate alternative questions (altqs) and disjunctive yes-no questions (dynqs): intonation contour and choice of disjunctive element (DE). A perception study was run in the three dialects, replicating Pruitt & Roelofsen’s (2013) perception study on English. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to explore the results which revealed all dialects show a main effect of both intonation and DE choice; a rise contour and use of ʔaw significantly increased the likelihood of dynq responses. The effect of intonation was larger than that of DE choice in all dialects. The differences between the dialects lay in the relative strength of the DE coefficients.
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Ma, Xuebin, Akira Nemoto, Nobuaki Minematsu, Yu Qiao, and Keikichi Hirose. "Structural analysis of dialects, sub-dialects and sub-sub-dialects of Chinese." In Interspeech 2009. ISCA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-631.
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Hassani, Hossein, and Oussama H. Hamid. "Using Artificial Neural Networks in Dialect Identification in Less-resourced Languages - The Case of Kurdish Dialects Identification." In Soft Computing Techniques: A Nature-Inspired Framework for more Advanced Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006578004430448.
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Rose, Phil. "Dialect-geographical Acoustic-Tonetics: Five Disyllabic Tone Sandhi Patterns in Cognate Words from the Wu Dialects of ZhèJiāNg Province." In Interspeech 2018. ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-1130.
Full textReports on the topic "Dialets"
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Skubic, Marjorie, Dennis Perzanowski, Sam Blisard, et al. Spatial Language for Human-Robot Dialogs. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434960.
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Hillyard, Lisa. A dialect study of Oregon NORMs. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5496.
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Perrey, Arnold G., and Barry A. Bell. Performance evaluation of dialed number recorders. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4700.
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Okumura, Nao. Japanese Dialect Ideology from Meiji to the Present. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3135.
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Conn, Jeffrey. Portland Dialect Study: The Story of /æ/ in Portland. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6402.
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Wang, Hung-Ming, and Gregory Abowd. A Tabular Interface for Automated Verification of Event-Based Dialogs. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada286065.
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Schluter, C. M., and J. S. Szymanski. Dialogs on the Yucca Mountain controversy. Special report No. 10. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/206960.
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Archambeau, C. B., and J. S. Szymanski. Dialogs on the Yucca Mountain controversy. Special report No. 5. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/192417.
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Bret Linford, Bret Linford. Learning beyond the textbook: Developing dialect-specific grammar in a study abroad context. Experiment, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1568.
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Amzeri, Achmad. Evaluasi Nilai Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis Pada Persilangan Dialel Tanaman Jagung Madura (Zea mays L.). Universitas Islam Madura, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2016.1.
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Identifikasi heterosis dan heterobeltiosis pada persilangan dialel diantara galur inbrida Madura sangat dibutuhkan sebagai dasar untuk merakit varietas jagung hibrida yang sesuai untuk dikembangkan di Madura. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kombinasi persilangan yang menunjukkan nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis terbaik untuk karakter kegenjahan, penunjang produksi dan produksi per hektar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah 6 genotip galur inbred jagung madura (UTM 2, UTM 7, UTM 14, UTM 14, UTM 15, UTM 18, dan UTM 22), dan 30 hibrida hasil persilangan dialel penuh (full diallel cross) antar 6 genotip galur inbred. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal, yaitu genotipe dengan tiga ulangan sehingga terdapat 108 satuan percobaan. Karakter yang diamati adalah umur berbunga, umur panen, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, bobot 100 biji, dan produksi per hektar. Persilangan yang menghasilkan nilai heterosis dan heterosbeltiosis terbaik untuk umur genjah adalah UTM14 x UTM18, UTM15 x UTM2 dan UTM18 x UTM2. Hasil persilangan untuk karakter diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol dan berat 100 biji sebagian besar menghasilkan nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis bernilai positif. Pada karakter produksi per hektar nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis tertinggi pada persilangan UTM2 x UTM14 (214,742%) dan UTM2 x UTM18 (171,585%).