Academic literature on the topic 'Dialogisme (Bakhtine)'

À partir d’une analyse issue de la théorie du discours de Mikhaïl Bakhtine, on reconnaît une problématique à caractère dialogique dans le contexte du soulèvement déclenché par le mouvement zapatiste au Mexique. Bakhtine a en effet développé une conception du dialogisme où sont définies les notions de plurilinguisme, d’hybridation et de compréhension de la multiplicité des « voix » habitant chaque discours. Le discours zapatiste, dans la manière dont il prend la forme et dans sa composition même, ainsi que dans son opposition au discours officiel du pouvoir dans la société mexicaine, représente une telle position dialogique en mettant en scène une diversité de voix qui réclament leur reconnaissance politique dans la perspective des droits de l’Homme et du droit des peuples à l’autodétermination.

Cet article cherche à explorer ce que le dialogisme bakhtinien pourrait signifier pour la poétique de la traduction littéraire. À partir de la théorie du discours de Bakhtine, il est argumenté que la traduction relève d’un processus de création dialogique qui est décrit comme l’incorporation, dans le « créé » de la forme du texte traduit, du « donné » d’un matériau à traduire qui relève de la fondamentale non-équivalence du discours d’autrui. Au binarisme différentiel des formes supposées « équivalentes » d’un « texte source » et d’un « texte cible » se substitue ainsi une poétique inclusive qui considère le texte « original » comme un texte non traduit et le texte traduit comme un original dont la forme nouvellement créée incorpore le matériau à traduire du discours d’autrui. Laretraduction, qui plus est, est une double prise de position dialogique, vis-à-vis d’un « donné » qui comprend le matériau à traduire, mais aussi les formes par lesquelles les premières traductions ont dialogiquement incorporé ce matériau. À partir d’analyses du dialogisme des retraductions anglaises deL’Étrangerde Camus (Kaplansky 2004) et deNanade Zola (Brownlie 2006) et de la retraduction française d’Ulyssesde Joyce (Hoepffner 2011), il est montré comment la retraduction redéfinit et intensifie les intersections dialogiques entre textes, langues et cultures. Bref, les retraductions étudiées ne sont guère, comme le voudrait laretranslation hypothesis, plus « sourcières », mais plus ouvertement dialogiques, c’est-à-dire à-la-fois-sourcières-et-ciblistes, que les premières traductions.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n2p1260Tradução do artigo Dialogisme des “voix” et hétérogénéité constitutive du “sens”. Le “savoir”, le “quotidien” et le “littéraire”, communauté et différences d’accentuation chez Volochinov, Bakhtine et Vygotzki. Une contribution indirecte à la pédagogie du “texte littéraire”, de Frédéric François.

Cet article propose une analyse de l’improvisation en musique actuelle, un courant musical d’avant-garde qui s’est développé au Québec en 1979, à la lumière du contact-improvisation (mouvement chorégraphique apparu aux États-Unis en 1972). L’objectif est de comprendre la nature de ces arts improvisés où le rapport avec autrui en est le fondement. Comment l’individu et l’autre agissent-ils l’un sur l’autre? Comment prennent-ils la place qui leur revient dans le cadre d’un même processus conversationnel en cours? Le dialogisme selon Bakhtine, ici considéré comme métaphore, permet d’illustrer les interactions en jeu dans la musique actuelle et le contact-improvisation. Le dialogisme offre également l’occasion d’interroger la notion d’improvisation libre et collective, dont la musique actuelle et le contact improvisation sont les dignes représentants.

Benveniste (91) distingue le dialogue et la citation comme formes spécifiques de la communication humaine, ce qui permet à celle-ci de se constituer en langage. On remarque que le dialogue et la citation sous-tendent l’existence d’une autre personne, ce qui signifie que le langage lui-même implique l’altérité. Quant à Bakhtine, il insiste sur le caractère inéluctablement polyphonique, dialogique, de tout discours: « tout énoncé, depuis la réplique d’un dialogue jusqu’au traité scientifique comporte un commencement absolu et une fin absolue marqués par la prise de parole de l’autre » (Amorim 83). Toute œuvre, à l’étape initiale et à l’étape de l’achèvement, tient compte du « type du destinataire » et de « la spécificité du rapport du locuteur à l’autre » (86). En effet, dans le roman épistolaire, les échanges entre destinateurs et destinataires sont des instances linguistiques communicatives qui confrontent directement le Moi et l’Autre. Qui plus est, le paratexte s’impose comme une autre forme de dialogue entre l’auteur et le lecteur pour mieux présenter cet Autre. À travers l’étude de diverses formes de dialogisme présentées dans les Lettres chinoises du marquis d’Argens, notre article vise à mettre en évidence les facteurs réunis pour que les personnages chinois et le savoir sur la Chine participent à la réévaluation des valeurs et de la réalité françaises du siècle des Lumières.

Dialogismo e polifonia são dois conceitos importantes na obra de Bakhtin acerca dos quais a crítica atual tem debatido com frequência (ver, por exemplo, os trabalhos de BRAIT, 1996, FARACO, 1996, BARROS, 2003 e BEZERRA, 2008). No entanto, muitas vezes, eles são utilizados como sinônimos em alguns trabalhos (BARROS, 2003, p. 5; EMERSON, 2003, p. 164). Portanto, o objetivo do presente artigo é discutir os conceitos de dialogismo e polifonia a partir de uma revisão da literatura, buscando definir e distinguir tais conceitos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Dialogismo – Polifonia – BakhtinABSTRACT: Dialogism and polyphony are two important concepts in Bakhtin’s work which have been often discussed by the critics (see, for example, BRAIT, 1996, FARACO, 1996, BARROS, 2003 and BEZERRA, 2008). However, they are frequently adopted as synonyms in some works (BARROS, 2003, p. 5; EMERSON, 2003, p. 164). Thus, the objective of the present paper is to discuss the concepts of dialogism and polyphony based on a review of literature, aiming at defining and distinguishing these concepts.KEY-WORDS: Dialogism – Polyphony – Bakhtin

Bien qu’André Belleau n’ait vraisemblablement jamais écrit que des poèmes de jeunesse, la poésie a joué un rôle important dans son parcours et sa pensée. Il faut d’abord noter la prégnance de la poésie dans la revue Liberté, qui a été pour Belleau, comme il le souligne lui-même, un milieu d’apprentissage déterminant. Du point de vue théorique, la poésie joue également un rôle central, cette fois comme repoussoir par rapport aux définitions de la littérature basées sur le genre poétique : marqué par la pensée de Mikhaïl Bakhtine, Belleau met en valeur le dialogisme du roman, mais il souligne aussi la part d’essai de la littérature, dimension qui serait masquée par la domination théorique de la poésie. À plusieurs égards, la poésie prend ainsi figure d’adversaire. Cependant, elle reste pour Belleau, tout au long de sa vie, une forme artistique primordiale, comme en témoignent ses traductions de poèmes de Nelly Sachs et comme on le voit dans certains articles et dans ses cahiers de lecture.

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>Ao longo de nossa pesquisa temos realçado as diferentes maneiras de nos aproximarmos do discurso religioso, sobretudo em vista do que entendemos por seu caráter ideológico e repleto de dialogismos. Neste trabalho, partiremos do que é desenvolvido por Bakhtin e seu círculo ao tratarem o discurso como uma construção dinâmica e responsiva. Em suma, trata-se de analisar a relação entre Eucaristia e dialogismo, tomando como objeto a exortação apostólica Sacramentum Caritatis, do atual papa emérito Bento XVI. Entre outros, serão demonstrados elementos tais como, o aspecto alegórico da Eucaristia como rito, cujo significado vai muito além do nível meramente conceitual. Além disso, também serão realçadas algumas questões polêmicas e sua relação com o dialogismo ao longo do documento, entre elas: a Eucaristia e a questão da verdade no cristianismo, a Eucaristia e a indissolubilidade do matrimônio, a Eucaristia e a defesa da vida humana e o sentido do repouso e do trabalho. Em suma, pretendemos contribuir no fortalecimento das discussões e da compreensão em torno do tema proposto, bem como dos demais interesses que lhe são correlatos, num entrelaçamento de vozes as quais esta pesquisa também deseja suscitar.</p><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-C</span><span>HAVE</span><span>: </span><span>Dialogismo. Eucaristia. Bakhtin. </span><span>Sacramentum Caritatis</span><span>. </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>Over the course of our research we have highlighted the different ways to approach the religious discourse, especially in view of what we mean by ideological and full of character dialogismos. In this work we leave than is developed by Bakhtin and his circle to treat the speech as a dynamic and responsive construction. In short, it is to analyze the relationship between the Eucharist and dialogism taking as objectSacramentum Caritatis the Apostolic Exhortation, the current Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI. Among others, elements will be demonstrated such as the allegorical aspect of the Eucharist as a rite whose meaning goes beyond the merely conceptual level. Also, they will also be highlighted some controversial issues and their relationship to dialogism throughout the document, including: the Eucharist and the question of truth in Christianity, the Eucharist and the indissolubility of marriage, the Eucharist and the defense of human life and sense of home and work. In short, we aim to contribute to the strengthening of discussions and understanding around the proposed theme as well as other interests that are related in an interweaving of voices which this research would also like to raise. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Dialogism. Eucharist. Bakhtin</span><span>. Sacramentum Caritatis </span></p></div></div></div><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div>

AbstractWhen, in the early 1980s the ideas of post-structuralism seemed rampant within academic critical theory, the appearance of the flawed English translation of Mikhail Bakhtin's central essays on the novel seemed to offer a very promising alternative perspective.1 Bakhtin's model of discursive relations promised to guard the specificity of discourse from being obscured by a web of determinations, while allowing the development of an account of the operations of power and resistance in discourse that could avoid the nullity of Derrida's hors-texte and the irresponsible semiotic hedonism of the later Barthes. Marxist theorists such as Raymond Williams, Terry Eagleton and Allon White immediately and effectively seized upon the translated work of the Bakhtin circle to bolster their arguments, but, as translations of the earlier and later philosophical material appeared, it became apparent that the relationship between work of the circle and the Marxist tradition was very problematic. With this, the American anti-Marxist Slavists – some of whom had been responsible for certain of these translations – moved onto the offensive, arguing that Bakhtin's work was fundamentally incompatible with, and in principle hostile to, Marxism. Occasionally, they went further, arguing that Bakhtin was quite unconcerned with politics and questions of power, being an ethical, or even a religious philosopher before all else. The Americans did have a point. Bakhtin certainly was not a Marxist and the Marxism of some of his early colleagues and collaborators was of a rather peculiar sort. Furthermore, the key problematic area was indeed Bakhtin's ethics which, it became ever more apparent, underlies his most critically astute and productive work and serves to blunt its political edge. Important points of contact between the work of the Bakhtin circle and Marxist theory do persist, however, as Ken Hirschkop and Michael Gardiner, among others, have continued to register. In this article, examining some of the sources of Bakhtin's philosophy, which have only just been revealed in the new Russian edition of his work, we shall analyse the features of Bakhtin's ethics that stifle the political potential of dialogic criticism, and we will suggest ways in which that potential may be liberated.

O presente ensaio objetiva apresentar uma breve história da interpretação bíblica no período chamado Patrística até o seu término por volta dos anos 604 da era cristã, bem como compreender os discursos da história da igreja na perspectiva do dialogismo de Bakhtin. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica dividida nas seguintes secções: A exegese judaica; A exegese dos pais da igreja primitiva e Bakhtin e sua visão de dialogismo. Foi realizado leitura exaustiva e flutuante de artigos e livros encontrados com abordagens especificas sobre a temática. Conclui-se que, a história da interpretação bíblica mostra um período de grande perseguição e conflitos ideológicos, influenciada pelos pensamentos filosóficos gregos, a cultura judaica e suas mais implacáveis seitas (gnósticas)que no decorrer dos anos dos pais da igreja tentaram implementar outros conceitos contrários a fé crista e comportamentos difusos e dissonantes com a proposta cristã da época. E na percepção de Bakhtin, o discurso de cada escola de interpretação bíblica é enviesado de sua práxis e não existe uma relação pura e única, tudo estava atrelada ao sistema social que envolvia cada autor. Os signos determinavam as suas percepções da realidade.

Cette recherche se propose d’apporter une contribution à la théorie de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. La réflexion s’inscrit dans une perspective de théorie du droit, conçue en ou-verture disciplinaire et en perspective internationale. L’approche consiste à mettre en dialogue droit du travail et théorie du droit. Le droit du travail est pris comme champ d’observation du phénomène de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. Le point de départ de la réflexion est le « problème » de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle, tel qu’il a été placé sur l’avant-scène du droit du travail il y a quelques années. A partir des dis-cours qui ont été tenus lors de cette controverse, l’auteur se propose d’examiner la conception monologique du droit dont sont porteurs certains discours. Cet examen le conduit à explorer les théories de l’interprétation et de l’argumentation juridiques (et non juridiques), afin de caractériser les contours d’un modèle d’interprétation jurisprudentiel contemporain. La perspective communicationnelle est, à ce titre, investie. L’auteur rend compte de son étude de l’ensemble des rapports et conclusion de magistrats dans le champ du droit du travail. Ces discours constituent le corpus à partir duquel sa construction s’élabore. Cette exploration des discours judiciaires le conduit à mettre en relief les interactions à travers lesquelles se réalise et s’origine l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. Sous cet angle, c’est la constitution dialogique du sens qui se trouve caractérisée, c’est-à-dire le fait que l’interprétation jurisprudentielle se réalise sur le mode « dialogique » et que le sens naît de l’interaction. Ce n’est pas simplement l’idée d’un dialogue « externe » entre jurisprudence et doctrine qui est pris pour objet. C’est aussi, et surtout, le dialogue « interne » qui se réalise sur le mode de l’interdiscours. A ce titre, le dialogisme, notion issue des travaux de Bakhtine (ou du Cercle de Bakhtine), est approfondi, conceptualisé. Cette notion, qui réfère à la double orientation du discours vers des discours antérieurs se rapportant au même objet ainsi que vers des discours à venir, donc vers l’aval et l’amont de la production discursive, est instituée au cœur de la théorie de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. L’approche retenue par l’auteur tend à montrer que le dialogisme est un concept qui emporte avec lui une conception du sens, du langage, et une vision du monde. La contribution essentielle de cette recherche consiste en la mise en lumière du potentiel heu-ristique du dialogisme pour appréhender la manière dont se réalise l’interprétation jurispru-dentielle. Au terme de sa réflexion, l’auteur souligne la valeur paradigmatique du dialogisme. Cette recherche se présente comme un chemin qui conduit à la rencontre inattendue du droit et dialogisme. Une rencontre heuristique
The aim of this research is to bring a contribution to the theory of the interpretation of legal precedents. The reflection is made in perspective of law theory, taken both as disciplinary spectrum widening and international perspective. The guideline is to make employment law and law theory talk and converse. Employment law is taken as an observation field of the phenomena of the interpretation of legal precedents. The starting line of the reflection is the “issue” of the interpretation of legal precedents, as it was put forward in employment law a few years ago. Starting from the speeches that were made during this controversy, the author proposes to examine the monological conception of law that some speeches carry. This study leads him to explore theories of legal (and non-legal) interpretation and arguing, in order to characterize the outline of a contemporary model of interpretation of legal precedents. In order to do so, the communicational perspective will be studied. The author gives the reader an account of his study of all reports and conclusions of magistrates within the field of employment law. These speeches make the corpus upon which his research is built. This exploration of the judicial speeches leads him to stress the interactions from which the interpretation of the legal precedents is originated and built. From that angle, it is the dialogical constitution of the sense that is characterized, i. e. the fact that the interpretation of the legal precedents is made on a dialogical mode and that sense comes from interaction. It is not only the idea of an « external » talk between legal precedents and doctrine that is studied. It is also, and, most of all, the “internal” talk that is made on the mode of the “interspeech”. From that point point of view, dialogism, which is a notion coming from Bakhtin’s (or Bakhtin’ Circle) works, is deeply studied and conceptualised. This notion, referring to the double orientation of a speech, both towards precedent speeches on the same subject, and towards speeches to come, thus towards upstream and downstream the discursive production, is established at the core of the theory of the interpretation of legal precedents. The approach chosen by the author tends to show that dialogism is a concept that carries a conception of sense, of language and a vision of the world. The main contribution of this research is the lightening of the heuristical potential of dialogism in order to comprehend the way the interpretation of legal precedents is made. At the end of his reflection, the author stresses the paradigmatical value of dialogism. This research appears to be a path leading to the unexpected meeting of law and dialogism. A heuristical meeting

On propose une etude comparee des principes dialogiques de bakhtine avec le concept d'intertextualite. La these se presente comme "retour a la source", aux idees de bakhtine, definies comme ideologiques, personnifiees et intratextuelles, tandis que le concept de kristeva est defini comme linguistique, impersonnel et intertextuel. Une autre distinction a ete tracee entre le dialogisme et le monologisme presentes par gilbert durand sous deux aspects: comme regime diurne ou de l'antithese (a > b = a)et regime nocturne ou de la synthese (a + b = c). Le dialogisme, qui n'admet pas, selon bakhtine, les rapports dialectiques these - antithese - synthese, est interprete comme regime de l'antithese inachevee (a > < b = ?). L'ambiguite dialogique y resulte de l'opposition des idees divergentes dontaucune n'est dominante. On met d'abord en evidence des particularites structurelles dans la litterature europeenne qui, selon une supposition de bakhtine, a engendre le dialogisme. On montre l'evolution du dialogisme a partir de la comedie le misanthrope de moliere jusqu'aux romans polyphoniques de dostoievski, puis de la recherche de proust aux oeuvres de kafka et ulysse de joyce. On etudie ensuite la litterature algerienne. On passe en revue les particularites dialogiques des romans de kateb, dib, boudjedra, fares, mimouni, et presente le dialogisme comme une qualite exceptionnelle de la litterature algerienne parce qu'ailleurs les oeuvres dialogiques sont plus rares. Cette application du concept de dialogisme explique les interpretations contradictoires et confuses des oeuvres dialogiques dues a une approche monologique incorrecte. Elle demontre que ces oeuvres font partie de la tendance a la diversite ideologique de la litterature mondiale, elle fait la distinction entre les oeuvres dialogiques et monologiques et a permis de decouvrir les cas de monologisme ambigu fonde sur la synthese inachevee (a + b = ?).

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Au cours des dernières décennies, il a été de plus en plus tenté de rapprocher les différents domaines de la connaissance, offrant un dialogue large et fructueuse entre différents savoirs et entre les différentes cultures, parmi lesquells, dans le cas des Études du Langage, se distingue, entre autres, le dialogue avec les études religieuses, dans notre cas, en particulier avec la Théologie. En ce sens, il essaie de mettre en relation dialogique deux domaines de la connaissance: la Théorie de l'Énonciation - du point de vue des études de Bakhtine et le Cercle - et la Théologie, en particulier, l'herméneutique et l'exégèse biblique du Nouveau Testament (Désormais NT). Dans ce sens-là, un problème s’établit: comment la Théorie de l'Énonciation de Bakhtine et le Cercle pourrait contribuer avec les principes théoriques et analytiques pour la construction de l'Exégèse biblique du NT? Dans d’autres mots: quel appui la Théorie de l'Énonciation de Bakhtine et du Cercle peut offrir aux exegètes pour approfondir les exégèses bibliques du NT ? Ainsi, le but de cette recherche est vérifier quels éléments théoriques et analytiques de la Théorie mentionnée peuvent auxilier la compréhension des énonciations bibliques du NT dans le domaine (genre) dircoursif «exégèse ». Il développe, en rapport avec l'objet d'étude, une recherche qualitative, de nature interprétative, à travers la recherche bibliographique et documentaire, dont le corpus se compose de deux exégèses bibliques du NT élaborées par des étudiants de post-graduation du cours de théologie. Pour soutenir la recherche, il se réfère à la Théorie de l'Énonciation de Bakhtine et à la production théorique de son cercle, Bakhtine / Voloshinov (1988 [1929]) et Bakhtine (2010 [1935], 2011 [1975]), et à la contribution des travaux développés par des chercheurs brésiliens, comme Fiorin (2012, 2014), Francelino (2007), Sobral (2006, 2009), Faraco (2005, 2009), parmi beaucoup d'autres qui travaillent avec des recherches visant aux études énonciatives du langage. Et aussi l'Herméneutique fondée sur des présuppositions de Grondin (1999, 2012), Zabatiero (2006, 2009, 2011), Vanhoozer (2005), Lopes (2007), Sousa (2014, 2015). En ce qui concerne les résultats, il se rend compte qu'il y a trois aspects qui mettent en évidence les contributions des présuppositions bakhtiniennes pour la construction de l'exégèse biblique du NT: 1) la conception de la nature essentiellement dialogique du langage, 2) l’heterodiscurso comme phénomène stylistique-énonciative et 3) les études des genres discursives peuvent guider les pratiques de lecture et de compréhension du texte biblique, puisqu’ils sont des formes d'interactions sociales de toutes nos activités de langage et permettent ainsi la relation bien nécessaire qui (re) articule les enjeux et les moyens de comprendre les textes et les visions du monde / de la vie, des pratiques symboliques.
In the last decades, it has been attempted to approach the diverse areas of knowledge and to favor ample and efficient dialogues among the diverse knowledges among the different cultures which, in the case of the study of the language, it has been protruded, among others, the dialogue with religious researchers, especially in our case, with Theology. In this sense, it has been attempted to lay in dialogical relation two fields of knowledge: Enunciation Theory – on the Bakhtin Circle’s studies – and Theology, notably, New Testament (henceforth NT) Hermeneutics and Biblical Exegesis. In this regard, it has been established the following problematic: how the Bakhtin Circle’s Enunciation Theory might contribute on theoretical-analytical principles in the construction of the New Testament Hermeneutics and Biblical Exegesis? In other words, how the elements of Bakhtin Circle’s Enunciation Theory may lead the exegetes to deeper biblical exegesis and analysis on New Testament. Thus, we intend, in this research, to find out those theoretical-analytic principles and their contribution for readers/exegetes in the interpretation and comprehension of biblical utterances on a discursive-enunciative perspective. As the object of study, it was developed a qualitative research with interpretative focus through bibliographical and documental research. The corpus is constituted by two New Testament Biblical Exegesis that were elaborated by Theology Course post-graduate students. To support the research, it was resorted the Bakhtin Circle’s Enunciation Theory, principally what was studied by Bakhtin/Voloshinov (1988 [1929]) and Bakhtin (2010 [1935], 2011 [1975]), besides the contribution of works developed by Brazilian researchers such as Fiorin (2012, 2014), Francelino (2007), Sobral (2006, 2009), Faraco (2005, 2009), among others that work with researches on enunciative study of the language. Besides these theoretical support, it was used the Hermeneutic based on the assumptions of Grondin (1999, 2012), Zabatiero (2006, 2009, 2011), Vanhoozer (2005), Lopes (2007) and Sousa (2014, 2015). As a result, it was established three aspects that evidenced Bakhtin Circle’s presuppose to the construction of New Testament Biblical Exegesis: (1) the conception of the dialogic language nature, (2) the heterodiscourse as a stylistic-enunciative phenomenon, and (3) the studies of discourse genre might orient the reading practices and the biblical text interpretation, once they are the own manners of interaction of every human language activities and, thus, permit the necessary relation that (re)articulate the questions and the manner of comprehending the texts and the world/life views of symbolic practices.
Nas últimas décadas, tem-se cada vez mais tentado aproximar as diversas áreas do conhecimento, propiciando amplos e profícuos diálogos entre os diversos saberes e entre as diferentes culturas, dentre os quais, no caso dos Estudos da Linguagem, destaca-se, entre outros, o diálogo com os estudos religiosos, no nosso caso, em especial, com a Teologia. Nesse sentido, tenta-se pôr em relação dialógica dois campos do conhecimento: Teoria da Enunciação - sob a perspectiva dos estudos de Bakhtin e o Círculo - e a Teologia, notadamente, a Hermenêutica e a Exegese bíblica do Novo Testamento (Doravante NT). Nesse sentido, a problemática que ora se estabeleceu foi: em que medida a Teoria da Enunciação de Bakhtin e o Círculo contribuiria para o processo que engloba a tarefa exegética de interpretação de enunciados bíblicos do NT? Em outras palavras, de que maneira os princípios e os pressupostos da Teoria Enunciativa de Linguagem de Bakhtin e o Círculo podem aprofundar as análises das exegeses bíblicas do NT produzidas por exegetas? Assim, pretende-se, nessa pesquisa, verificar como a Teoria da Enunciação de Bakhtin e o Círculo pode contribuir com princípios teórico-analíticos para compreensão de enunciados bíblicos do NT no gênero discursivo exegese. Desenvolve-se, quanto ao objeto de estudo, uma pesquisa qualitativa de enfoque interpretativista, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, cujo corpus é constituído por duas exegeses bíblicas do NT elaboradas por pós-graduandos do Curso de Teologia. Para subsidiar a pesquisa, recorre-se à Teoria de Enunciação de Bakhtin e à produção teórica de seu Círculo, Bakhtin/Voloshinov (1988 [1929]) e Bakhtin (2010 [1935], 2011 [1975]), além da contribuição dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores brasileiros, como Fiorin (2012, 2014), Francelino (2007), Sobral (2006, 2009), Faraco (2005, 2009), entre tantos outros que trabalham com pesquisas voltadas aos estudos enunciativos da linguagem. E, também, a Hermenêutica baseada nas pressuposições de Grondin (1999, 2012), Zabatiero (2006, 2009, 2011), Vanhoozer (2005), Lopes (2007), Sousa (2014, 2015). No que diz respeito aos resultados da pesquisa, constatam-se três aspectos que salientam as contribuições dos pressupostos bakhtinianos as análises de exegeses bíblicas do NT realizadas por exegetas: 1) a concepção da natureza essencialmente dialógica da linguagem, 2) o heterodiscurso como fenômeno estilístico-enunciativo e 3) os estudos dos gêneros discursivos como orientadores das práticas de leitura e compreensão do texto bíblico, uma vez que são as próprias formas de interação social de todas as nossas atividades de linguagem e, assim, permitem a tão necessária relação que rearticula as questões e os modos de compreender os textos e as visões do mundo/da vida, das práticas simbólicas.

Les modèles classiques d'enseignement de la langue ne permettent pas aux lycéens d'appréhender leurs écrits pour, selon les termes de Jacqueline Lafont-Terranova (2008) « produire, dans une situation donnée, le meilleur écrit possible ». À ce constat s’ajoute celui de la difficile évaluation de ces écrits par les enseignants, plus souvent correcteurs que lecteurs. La relecture de Saussure, Benveniste et Bakhtine permet d’aborder deux questions, en miroir l’une avec l’autre. Comment écrire un texte et y revenir pour l’améliorer ? Comment lire ce texte et accompagner le sujet-scripteur vers une amélioration compte tenu des conditions d’enseignement allouées ? À partir de l’analyse de manuscrits (brouillons, écrits intermédiaires et écrits-copies) d’élèves de seconde, le rapport à l’écrit des sujets-scripteurs est interrogé conjointement aux dits dispositifs réflexifs mis en place par l’enseignante. Au réalisé scriptural de l’élève répond un réalisé professionnel. L’activité de l’un ne se conçoit pas sans l’activité de l’autre
The traditional models of language do not allow high school students to comprehend their writings to, in the words of Jacqueline Lafont-Terranova (2008) ‘‘produce, in a given situation, the best possible writing’’. To this conclusion is added the difficult evaluation of these writings by teachers, more often proofreaders than readers. Reading once again the works by Saussure, Benveniste and Bakhtine makes it possible to address two questions that arise in mirror of each other. How to write a text and return to it improve it ? How to read this text and accompany the writer-subject towards an improvment given the allocated teaching conditions ? Based on the analysis of manuscripts (drafts, intermediate writings and copy writings) of tenth graders, the relation that writer-subjects have with writings is questioned collectively with the said reflexive measures set up by teacher. The scriptural accomplishement of the student is met by a professional accomplishment. The task led by one cannot be understood without the other’s task

Créateur de la notion de la polyphonie littéraire, Mikhaïl Bakhtine avait trouvé comme exemplaire les fictions de Dostoïevski. Les romans de Tolstoï lui servaient de contre-exemple, selon lui, monologiques et autoritaires. Cependant, des spécialistes de Bakhtine tels que Gary Saul Morson et Caryl Emerson trouvent chez Tolstoï d'autres expressions de la polyphonie. Cette thèse cherchent à explorer tous les concepts principaux de Bakhtine, le dialogisme, l'hétéroglossia, le carnaval, les chronotopes, l'infinalisabilité, et, en place centrale, la polyphonie, dans le contexte des romans de Tolstoï, principalement Anna Karénine. Ces concepts sont étudiés en tant qu'approches narratives aussi bien que sous la forme de thématisations liées à d'autres idées-clés de Bakhtine: l'altérité, l'externalité et l'exotopie. En même temps, nous analysons l'influence éventuelle de Tolstoï sur l'écrivain américaine Anne Tyler, et l'expression de la polyphonie dans ses oeuvres
Creator of the concept of literary polyphony, Makhail Bakhtin chose the fictions of Dostoevsky as its exemplar, citing Tolstoy as his monologic counter-example. However, Bakhtin experts such as Gary Saul Morson and Caryl Emerson argue that Tolstoy's works may reveal another kind of polyphony. This dissertation explores the main ideas of Bakhtin, dialogism, heteroglossia, the carnival, chronotopes, unfinalizability and, centrally, polyphony, as they may be found in the novels of Tolstoy, particularly Anna Karenina. The concepts are analyzed as narrative approaches as well as thematizations which may be linked to other pivotal notions of Bakhtin's: otherness (alterity), outsidedness (externality) and other-worldedness (exotopia). At the same time, it examines the possible influence of Tolstoy on the American writer Anne Tyler, through the manifestations of polyphony in her works

Even if they rely on apparently quite different investigation domains and ideologies, both Freud and Bakhtin participate to that current which in the XXth century would upset the foundation of the positivist thought and would modify profoundly the traditional conception of science, language and the cartesian vision of the conscience and of the human subject. The thought of one as of the other, therefore, surpasses largely the principal reason of their research: If Freud applies the principles of the interpretation of dreams to the study of literary works, Bakhtin expands on the novel theory and questions polyphony and dialogism of all language. In conception of the literary speech of Bakhtin and of the dreams of Freud, the signs, the speeches and the multiple intentions or affects that animate them are constantly in dynamic interaction and obey it seems, to mechanism of similar transformation. The problem of interpretation is at the center of their works. The two authors are at the same time theoreticians and analysts of whom the theory of literature, of speeches, of work and dreams, pass necessarily by an act of interpretation. We are aware of the role played by the novels of Dostoievski on the theoretical work of Bakhtin. For Freud also, the principles of the work on dreams, according to his own affirmation develop with the interpretation process. We have to think that for him as for the Russian researcher, the theory is always in a link of active complicity with the interpretation; that one and the other are constantly mutually reflected and determined. A compared analysis of their texts can put in evidence the proximity of the thought processes of the thinkers, but can reveal also the differences, with their consequences from the point of view of ideology, ontology, even ethics.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo central verificar as consequências para o aprendizado de alunos de uma sequência didática em Geografia que coloca ênfase no ensino da argumentação. A sequência didática foi concebida por um professor de Geografia da rede municipal de São Paulo no âmbito da pesquisa Leitura e Escrita no Ensino de Geografia e Ensino de Argumentação, realizada dentro do Círculo de Estudos das Fronteiras Teóricas para Formação de Professores (Departamento de Geografia da Universidade de São Paulo), coordenado pela Profª Drª Maria Eliza Miranda. O professor autor foi responsável pela elaboração do problema central da sequência, pelas atividades dos módulos que a compõe e por sua aplicação junto a alunos da 8º ano (antiga 7ª série) do Ensino Fundamental II. O título da sequência didática dada pelo professor autor foi Migrações, Regiões Metropolitanas e Globalização e foi dedicada ao estudo do deslocamento de migrantes bolivianos para a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A argumentação é, neste trabalho, entendida como capacidade de linguagem fundamental para a formação dos enunciados dos estudantes e para o desenvolvimento de conceitos científicos no Ensino de Geografia. Propusemos uma metodologia de análise dialógica e responsiva (Bakhtin, 2010) para verificação de quais as mudanças nos enunciados dos sujeitos discursivos (alunos) quando participam de uma sequência didática em Geografia com ênfase em tal capacidade. Para tanto, identificamos dois núcleos centrais na argumentação nas elaborações textuais acerca do fenômeno geográfico estudado - a compreensão da dinâmica territorial da migração a partir de suas causas e consequências e a escala espaço-temporal na qual este se realiza.
The aim of this work is to verify the consequences for students\' learning of a didactic sequence in Geography that emphasizes the teaching and learning of argumentation. The didactic sequence was conceived by a Geography teacher in São Paulos municipal educational system in the scope of the research \"Reading and Writing in the Teaching of Geography and Teaching of Argumentation\", realized within the Studies of the Frontiers for Teacher Formation Circle (Geography Department from São Paulo University), coordinated by Prof. Dr. Maria Eliza Miranda. The author-teacher was responsible for elaborating the sequences central problem, the activities composing the modules and applying the sequence to Elementary School IIs 8th grade (previously 7th grade) students. The didactic sequences title, given by the author-teacher, was \"Migration, Metropolitan Regions and Globalization\" and it focused on the study of Bolivian migrants displacement to São Paulos Metropolitan Region. Argumentation, in our work, is understood as a fundamental language capacity for the students\' utterance formation and for the development of scientific concepts in Geography learning. We proposed a methodology of dialogic and responsive analysis (Bakhtin, 2010) to verify the changes in the utterances made by discursive subjects (students) when they participate in a didactic sequence in Geography which emphasizes such capacity. In order to do so, we identified two central argumentative nuclei in the textual elaborations about the geographic phenomenon studied - the understanding of the territorial dynamics of migration from its causes and consequences and from the space-time scale in which it takes place.

Puppet theater on the island of Java is an ancient art which has maintained some of its characteristics considered traditional, but has also been transforming innovations such as the wayang with hip-hop music among other popular expressions. The art of puppetry has also been institutionalized and is itself a degree program at the National Institute of Arts of Indonesia. In this paper, I show the outcomes of my research among students and shadow puppet art teachers in Java, Indonesia. There are two special characteristics in training puppeteers: The main use of Jawanese language and the development of communities of practice as ways of working in the teaching and learning process. As such, these contexts motivate students to be constantly reflecting on the Javanese language and culture. I note the process and the reflections of the participants on the Javanese language shift, and the uses of language in puppet performances which consider the reception of young Javanese. To analyze the data, I draw from fieldwork and interviews, I use the theoretical concepts of discursive genres and dialogism proposed by Bakhtin and I propose that the art of puppetry is a social field that encourages vitality and linguistic diversity on the island of Java.