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Journal articles on the topic 'Dialysate pH'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Nakata, T., W. Berard, E. Kogosov, and N. Alexander. "Hypothalamic NE release and cardiovascular response to NaCl in sinoaortic-denervated rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 4 (1991): R733—R738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.4.r733.

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We determined the activity of noradrenergic neurons in the nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus (PH) of sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) and sham-operated (SO) rats during cardiovascular responses to intravenous (iv) or local brain dialysis of NaCl. PH extracellular norepinephrine (NE) was collected by microdialysis from freely moving rats, and dialysate NE was measured by radioenzymatic assay. Three days after SAD or SO, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were significantly higher in SAD rats than SO rats. Basal levels of PH dialysate were also significantly elevated in SAD rats. Lo

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Oettinger, C. W., and J. C. Oliver. "Normalization of uremic acidosis in hemodialysis patients with a high bicarbonate dialysate." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3, no. 11 (1993): 1804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v3111804.

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Uremic acidosis accompanies chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients because of a retention of nonvolatile acids. Standard bicarbonate (39 mEq/L) and acetate (38 mEq/L) dialysates do not completely correct the acidosis. The acid-base and biochemical effect of a high-bicarbonate (42 mEq/L) dialysate was evaluated in 38 patients during high-efficiency and high-flux dialysis over 12 wk. All patients were dialyzed on standard bicarbonate dialysate before the study and for 8 wk after the study. In order to monitor potential excessive alkalosis, predialysis and postdialysis arterial blood gase

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Cave, Grant, Rachel Kee, Martyn Harvey, and Zimei Wu. "pH Gradient Liposomes Extract Protein Bound Amitriptyline in Peritoneal Dialysis—Exploratory Work." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (2022): 11577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911577.

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Poisoning is a significant cause of injury-related death worldwide. Dialysis is usually ineffective in removing the toxin once it has been absorbed because of drug protein binding and high volumes of distribution. In this work, we explore whether the addition of liposomes to peritoneal dialysate could extract protein bound amitriptyline. Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. In the in vitro experiment, 3 mL of 20% albumin with a concentration of 6000 nmol/L amitriptyline in a proprietary dialysis cartridge was dialysed against 125 mL of phosphate-buffered saline with an

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Pawlaczyk, Krzysztof, Malgorzata Kuzlan-Pawlaczyk, Katarzyna Wieczorowska Tobis, et al. "Bicarbonate/Lactate Dialysis Solution Improves In Vivo Function of Peritoneal Host Defense in Rats." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 19, no. 2_suppl (1999): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089901902s60.

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Objective To assess the in vivo peritoneal inflammatory reaction in rats dialyzed with neutral, bicarbonatelactate-buffered dialysis fluid. Methods Chronic peritoneal dialysis was performed for 4 weeks in Wistar rats with two solutions: (1) 40 mmol/l lactate-buffered fluid, pH 5.2, with a glucose concentration of 2.27 gldl (lac); and, (2) 15 mmolll lactate and 25 mmolll bicarbonate-buffered fluid, pH 7.0 -7.5, with a glucose concentration of 2.27gldl (Bic-lac). After 4 weeks, two peritoneal equilibration tests (PET 1 and PET 2) were performed in all animals with each respective solution. PET 1

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Nakata, T., W. Berard, E. Kogosov, and N. Alexander. "Cardiovascular change and hypothalamic norepinephrine release in response to environmental stress." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 4 (1993): R784—R789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.4.r784.

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The major objective of this study was to compare the magnitude and duration of cardiovascular (CV) responses to acute environmental stresses with the associated patterns of noradrenergic activity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and posterior nucleus (PH) of the hypothalamus. Simultaneous microdialysis samples of extracellular norepinephrine (NE) were collected at 5-min intervals from PVN and PH and the CV responses were recorded before, during, and for 15 min after acute shaker (cage oscillation) stress or inhalation of ether vapor in freely moving rats. Five minutes of shaker stress, 60

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Kaombe, Divina D., Yanhong Du, and Michael J. Lewis. "Mineral partitioning in milk and milk permeates at high temperature." Journal of Dairy Research 79, no. 1 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029911000616.

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The soluble phase of milk was separated at 20 and 80°C using ultrafiltration. The resulting permeates were then subjected to further ultrafiltration and dialysis at close to these two temperatures. It was found that pH, Ca2+ and soluble Ca decreased as the separation temperature increased both in original UF permeates and in dialysates obtained from these permeates, but P decreased only slightly. The major reason for these changes was due to the precipitation of calcium phosphate/citrate complexes onto the casein micelle with concomitant release of H+. The pH of both permeates and dialysates f

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Vu, Lien H., John A. Kellum, William J. Federspiel, and Matthew E. Cove. "Carbon dioxide removal using low bicarbonate dialysis in rodents." Perfusion 34, no. 7 (2019): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659119839284.

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Background: Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal may be used to manage hypercapnia, but compared to dialysis, it’s not widely available. A recent in vitro study showed that dialysis with low bicarbonate dialysates removes CO2. Objective: To show that bicarbonate dialysis removes CO2 in an animal model to validate in-vitro findings and quantify the effect on arterial pH. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley hypercapnic rats were dialyzed with either a conventional dialysate (PrismasolTM) or a bicarbonate-free dialysate (Bicarb0). The effect of dialysis on standard blood gases and electrolytes was meas

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La Milia, Vincenzo, Monica Limardo, Monica Crepaldi, and Francesco Locatelli. "Effects of Ionized Sodium Concentrations on Ultrafiltration Rate in Peritoneal Dialysis Using Lactate and Lactate/Bicarbonate Solutions." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 29, no. 2 (2009): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080902900209.

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Objective To investigate the possible effects of different concentrations of ionized sodium (NaI) on peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) rate using lactate (Lac) and lactate/bicarbonate (Lac/Bic) dialysis solutions. Design Two random consecutive (after an interval of 48 hours) peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) were performed in 13 patients (4 males and 9 females) on regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment for at least 3 months. Two different PD solutions containing anhydrous glucose 3.86% were used: a 40 mmol/L Lac solution and a 15/25 mmol/L mixed Lac/Bic solution. Co

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Douvdevani, Amos, Jayson Rapoport, Aviva Konforti, Moshe Zlotnik, and Cidio Chaimovitz. "The Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid on the Release of Il-113 and Tnfa by Macrophages/Monocytes." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 13, no. 2 (1993): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089301300206.

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Objective To study the effect of dialysis fluid on the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) by peritoneal macrophages (PM) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), and the time course and factors involved in this effect Design PM and MNC were incubated for various periods with Dianeal itself, or Dianeal of varying pH and composition.IL-1 β was measured by radioimmunoassay and TNFα by cytotoxicity assay. Patients PM were obtained by centrifugation of dialysis effluent from 3 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. MNC were obtained from heal

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McCormick, Brendan B., Salim Mujais, Francine Poirier, Nicole Page, and Susan Lavoie. "Metabolic Effects of Incremental Doses of Intraperitoneal Amino Acids on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 30, no. 2 (2010): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2009.00040.

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BackgroundThe use of amino acid (AA) dialysate to ameliorate protein-energy malnutrition has been limited by adverse metabolic effects.ObjectiveWe undertook this study to examine the acute metabolic effects of escalating doses of AAs delivered with lactate/bicarbonate dialysate on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD).Patients and Methods12 APD patients were treated with conventional lactate-buffered dialysate (week 1), followed by lactate/bicarbonate-buffered dialysate (week 2), then 2 – 2.5 L 1.1% AA solution were added (week 3), and then an additional 2 – 2.5 L 1.1% AA were added (week 4). Th

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Parikova, Alena, Dirk G. Struijk, Machteld M. Zweers, et al. "Does the Biocompatibility of the Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Matter in Assessment of Peritoneal Function?" Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 27, no. 6 (2007): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080702700617.

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Background Peritoneal function tests are performed in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to characterize peritoneal membrane status. A low pH/high glucose degradation product (GDP) dialysis solution is used as the test solution. The objective of the present study was to compare a 3.86% glucose, low pH/high GDP dialysis solution (pH 5.5) with a 3.86% glucose, normal pH/low GDP dialysis solution (pH 7.4) in assessments of peritoneal membrane function. Methods Two standard peritoneal permeability analyses (SPA) were performed in 10 stable PD patients within 2 weeks. One SPA was done with the 3.86%

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Douvdevani, A., J. Rapoport, A. Konforty, R. Yulzari, A. Moran, and C. Chaimovitz. "Intracellular acidification mediates the inhibitory effect of peritoneal dialysate on peritoneal macrophages." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 6, no. 2 (1995): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v62207.

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Commercial peritoneal dialysis solution (CDS) is known to have a detrimental effect on the capacity of peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) to kill bacteria and produce acute phase cytokines. This cytotoxic effect is largely caused by the low pH of CDS. Because the cytoplasmic pH (pHi) is an important determinant of cellular function, the effect of CDS on the pHi of PM phi from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients was studied. The pHi of PM phi was measured fluorometrically in N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered salt solution (HBSS) or CDS at pH values o

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13

MacLean, David A., Virginia A. Imadojemu, and Lawrence I. Sinoway. "Interstitial pH, K+, lactate, and phosphate determined with MSNA during exercise in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 3 (2000): R563—R571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r563.

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The purpose of the present study was to use the microdialysis technique to simultaneously measure the interstitial concentrations of several putative stimulators of the exercise pressor reflex during 5 min of intermittent static quadriceps exercise in humans ( n = 7). Exercise resulted in approximately a threefold ( P < 0.05) increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and 13 ± 3 beats/min ( P < 0.05) and 20 ± 2 mmHg ( P < 0.05) increases in heart rate and blood pressure, respectively. During recovery, all reflex responses quickly returned to baseline. Interstitial lactate le

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Shaw, L. M., R. Altman, B. C. Thompson, and L. Fields. "Factors affecting the binding of disopyramide to serum proteins." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 4 (1985): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.4.616.

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Abstract We investigated the influence of the following factors on the binding of disopyramide to serum proteins: method of drug quantification [enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) compared with liquid chromatography (HPLC)], separation technique (ultrafiltration vs equilibrium dialysis), temperature, pH, and total concentration of disopyramide. EMIT and HPLC measurements of disopyramide in ultrafiltrates prepared from 50 sera agreed well: EMIT = 1.046 HPLC + 0.042, (r = 0.928, SEE = 0.04 mg/L). Free disopyramide concentrations in ultrafiltrates of dialyzed sera were similar to those measured in the cor

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15

Wieczorowska–Tobis, Katarzyna, Renata Brelinska, Janusz Witowski, et al. "Evidence for Less Irritation to the Peritoneal Membrane in Rats Dialyzed with Solutions Low in Glucose Degradation Products." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 24, no. 1 (2004): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080402400105.

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Background Acidic pH and the presence of glucose degradation products (GDP) are believed to compromise the biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF). The present study examines the effects of long-term exposure to GDP and low pH by comparing conventional PDF and a new, neutral pH, low GDP solution. Methods All experiments were performed using a chronic infusion model of dialysis in nonuremic rats. The animals were treated for 6 weeks with 2 daily injections of 4.25% glucose-containing PDF. The following PDF were tested: CAPD3 (single-chamber bag, low pH, high GDP), CAPD3 pH 7.4 (sin

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Ahrenholz, P., R. E. Winkler, W. Ramlow, M. Tiess, and O. Thews. "On-Line Hemodiafiltration with Pre- and Postdilution: Impact on the Acid-Base Status." International Journal of Artificial Organs 21, no. 6 (1998): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889802100601.

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With on-line formation of the substitution fluid, high substitution rates in predilution (PRD) and postdilution (POD) can be obtained (Fresenius 4008 On-Line HDF, Gambro AK 100 Ultra). The substitution fluid is branched off from the dialysate produced by the dialysate delivery system of the HDF machine. Under these conditions it is desirable to consider the effect of the different treatment modes on the acid-base status. Using Fresenius 4008 On-Line HDF machines, ESRD-patients were treated alternately with high-flux hemodialysis (HD), postdilution HDF (POD-HDF) and predilution HDF (PRD-HDF), w

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Bunchman, Timothy E., and Sudarshan H. Ballal. "Treatment of Inflow Pain by pH Adjustment of Dialysate in Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 11, no. 2 (1991): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089101100216.

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18

Park, Min Sun, Olof Heimbürger, Jacek Waniewski, et al. "The Effect of Dialysate Acidity on Peritoneal Solute Transport in the Rat." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 15, no. 4 (1995): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089501500406.

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Objective To investigate the possible effect of unphysiologically low pH in dialysis fluid on peritoneal transport. Design A 4-hour single-cycle experimental session of peritoneal dialysis was performed in six 5prague-Dawley rats using Dianeal 3.86% solution modified by adding 5 mmol/L of sodium hydroxide, neutral pH solution (NpH5) (pH 7.4). The intraperitoneal volume (V D) and peritoneal bulkfluid reabsorption (aa) were calculated using a marker, 1311–labeled human serum albumin (RI5A). The diffusive mass transport coefficient (KBD) as well as sieving coefficient (5) for glucose, urea, sodiu

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Wieczorowska–Tobis, Katarzyna, Arkadiusz Styszynski, Andrzej Breborowicz, and Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos. "Comparison of the Biocompatibility of Phosphate-Buffered Saline Alone, Phosphate-Buffered Saline Supplemented with Glucose, and Dianeal 3.86%." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 21, no. 3_suppl (2001): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080102103s68.

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Objective We compared the effects of intraperitoneal infusion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), of PBS supplemented with 3.86% glucose (G), and of standard dialysis solution [Dianeal 3.86%: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A. (D)] on intraperitoneal inflammation in dialyzed rats. Methods After catheter implantation, rats were infused on day 1 with PBS, on day 3 with PBS+G, on day 5 with D, and on day 7 again with PBS (PBS-2). After a 4-hour dwell, dialysate samples were collected and analyzed. Results All dialysate parameters studied [dialysate cell count, neutrophil

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Kashem, Abul, Yasuo Nomoto, Ryoji Tanabe, et al. "The Effect of Dialysate Glucose on Phagocyte Superoxide Generation in Capd Patients." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 18, no. 1 (1998): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089801800106.

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Objective In the present study, we investigated the influence of dialysate glucose on superoxide (02) generation by peripheral and peritoneal phagocytes in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Design Peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear leukocytes (MNL), and peritoneal cells were isolated from peripheral blood and peritoneal effluents, respectively, and their oxidative metabolism was assessed by measuring 02 generation after stimulation with a soluble stimulant [phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), 1 mg/mL, Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.] usin

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Khaldi, Ahmad, Alois Zauner, Michael Reinert, John J. Woodward, and M. Ross Bullock. "Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension in Patients after Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage." Neurosurgery 49, no. 1 (2001): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200107000-00005.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO), one of the most powerful endogenous vasodilators, is thought to play a major role in the development of delayed vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the role of the production of cerebral NO in patients with SAH is not known. In other SAH studies, NO metabolites such as nitrite and nitrate have been demonstrated to be decreased in cerebrospinal fluid and in plasma. METHODS In this study, a microdialysis probe was used, along with a multiparameter sensor, to measure NO metabolites, brain tissue oxygen tension, brain tissue carb

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Cho, Yeoungjee, David W. Johnson, David A. Vesey, et al. "Higher Dialysate Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Levels are Associated with Peritoneal Membrane Dysfunction." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 36, no. 1 (2016): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2013.00274.

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♦ Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients develop progressive and cumulative peritoneal injury with longer time spent on PD. The present study aimed to a) describe the trend of peritoneal injury biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), in incident PD patients, b) to explore the capacity of dialysate MMP-2 to predict peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) and peritonitis, and c) to evaluate the influence of neutral pH, low glucose degradation product (GDP) PD solution on these outcomes. ♦ Methods The study included 178 participan

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Curtis, J. R., and B. Sampson. "Aluminium Kinetics during Haemodialysis with the Redy 2000 Sorbsystem." International Journal of Artificial Organs 12, no. 11 (1989): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888901201103.

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Aluminium kinetics of the Redy 2000 Sorbsystem using D3260 cartridges and the latest pre-treatment protocol have been studied in vitro and in vivo. In 7 patients, aluminium kinetics were studied during haemodialysis using the Redy 2000 Sorbysystem, D3260 cartridges, S557 acetate concentrate and Gambro hollow fibre dialyser (cuprophane 120M). The same patients were also studied during conventional haemodialysis using the Gambro AK10 proportionating system with acetate dialysate and Gambro hollow fibre dialyser (cuprophane 120M). There was no significant rise in plasma aluminium concentration du

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Nataatmadja, Melissa, Yeoungjee Cho, Elaine M. Pascoe, Darsy Darssan, Carmel M. Hawley, and David W. Johnson. "Association between Peritoneal Glucose Exposure and Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: TheBalANZ Trial." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 37, no. 4 (2017): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00263.

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BackgroundGlucose is the primary osmotic medium used in most peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions, and exposure to glucose has been shown to exert detrimental effects both locally, at the peritoneal membrane, and systemically. Moreover, high dialysate glucose exposure may predispose patients to an increased risk of peritonitis, perhaps as a result of impaired host defences, vascular disease, and damage to the peritoneal membrane.MethodsIn this post-hoc analysis of a multicenter, multinational, open-label randomized controlled trial of neutral pH, low-glucose degradation product (GDP) versus conv

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Waniewski, J., O. Heimbürger, A. Werynski, and B. Lindholm. "Simple Models for Fluid Transport during Peritoneal Dialysis." International Journal of Artificial Organs 19, no. 8 (1996): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889601900806.

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Peritoneal fluid transport can be predicted using different simplified formulas. To evaluate three such models, fluid transport was studied in 38 single six hour dwell studies using standard glucose 1.36% (n=9), 2.27% (n=9) and 3.86% (n=20) dialysis fluids as well as amino acid 2.70% fluid (n=8) in 33 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Dialysate volume and the peritoneal absorption rate were measured using radioiodinated serum albumin (RISA) as a marker. The dialysate volume over dwell time curves were examined using three mathematical models of fluid transport for s

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Moncrief, Jack, Robert Popovich, Everett Simmons, and Zhengzhi He. "Catheter Obstruction with Omental Wrap Stimulated by Dialysate Exposure." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 13, no. 2_suppl (1993): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089301302s34.

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A new Implantation technique and catheter design (Moncrlef-Popovlch Catheter) were tested in the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPO) dog model. With this technique the catheter distal (external) segment was Implanted in a subcutaneous tunnel for 4–6 weeks. Therefore, no irrigation of exposure to dialysate was present. Secondary exteriorization and irrigation (CAPO exchanges) demonstrated no episodes of primary catheter obstruction. Fifteen mongrel female dogs had 30 catheters implanted; 2 catheters simultaneously in each dog. One catheter was implanted with the interabdominal segm

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Sonikian, M., J. Gogusev, J. Zingraff, et al. "Potential effect of metabolic acidosis on beta 2-microglobulin generation: in vivo and in vitro studies." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 2 (1996): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v72350.

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Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) is responsible for dialysis-associated amyloidosis. Level of beta 2M in plasma increase during chronic renal failure; however, retention does not appear to be the sole mechanism responsible. The effect of metabolic acidosis on beta 2M production was examined. Thirty-six patients with stable chronic renal insufficiency, 12 uremic patients before their first dialysis, 8 hemodialysis patients who were assigned to acetate or bicarbonate dialysate and then crossed over to the alternative regimen, and 6 normal subjects given NH4Cl to initiate metabolic acidosis were st

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Molina Nuñez, Manuel, Rosa de Alarcón, Susana Roca, et al. "Citrate versus Acetate-Based Dialysate in On-Line Haemodiafiltration. A Prospective Cross-Over Study." Blood Purification 39, no. 1-3 (2015): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371569.

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Background and Aims: A bicarbonate dialysate acidified with citrate (CD) has been reported to have local anticoagulant effect and improves biocompatibility. This study examines the effect of CD on dialysis efficiency, coagulation, acid-base status, electrolytes, and inflammation in patients in on-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF). Methods: 35 patients in OL-HDF were enrolled in a prospective, cross-over study for a 24-week period and two phases alternating CD and acetate dialysate fluid (AD). Parameters on study were predialysis levels of bicarbonate and ionic calcium, reactive C Protein (CRP),

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YOSHIDA, Masaki. "Effect of pH and Osmolality in Dialysate Fluids on Active Oxygen Generation by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes." Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 67, no. 5 (1993): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.67.444.

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Tejedor, A., D. Conesa, N. Hernando, L. Hernando, and J. M. Lopez-Novoa. "Absence of an endogenous regulator of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the tissues of cirrhotic rats." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 66, no. 3 (1988): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o88-029.

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Microsomal Na+,K+-ATPase isolated from the renal cortex of rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis (CIR) showed a higher specific activity than the enzyme obtained from control rats (COR). Kinetic studies showed a lower K0.5 for ATP (0.08 ± 0.03 vs. 0.24 ± 0.04 mM; p < 0.05), a lower Na+ activation constant (9.6 ± 1.5 vs. 19.0 ± 1.7 mM; p < 0.05), and a higher K+ activation constant (1.2 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 mM; p < 0.05) for CIR. The optimal pH of the enzyme was 0.5 units higher in CIR than COR. The fluorescence of eosin-treated enzymes indicated a higher ratio of E1/E2 forms of Na+,K+-ATPas

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Ayuzawa, Nobuhiro, Yoshitaka Ishibashi, Yutaka Takazawa, Haruki Kume, and Toshiro Fujita. "Peritoneal Morphology after Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis with Biocompatible Fluid: Recent Clinical Practice in Japan." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 32, no. 2 (2012): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2010.00234.

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♦BackgroundMorphology changes of the peritoneal membrane after long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) consist of denudation of peritoneal mesothelial cells, interstitial sclerosis, and hyalinizing vasculopathy. Those changes are considered to be the result of uremia and bioincompatible effects of conventional acidic lactate-buffered dialysate with glucose degradation products (GDPs). In the last decade, biocompatible dialysate with neutral pH and low GDPs has become widely used. Clinical practice has been modified in Japan, especially for anuric patients, and now includes the use of hybrid therapy

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Garcia, Hector, Julio Hernández-Jaras, María del Carmen Cruz, Isabel Agramunt, Consuelo Calvo, and Vicente Cerrillo. "Short- and Medium-Term Increase of CA125 in Peritoneal Effluent using a Neutral-pH Solution." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 23, no. 4 (2003): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080302300411.

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♦ Objective To investigate the effects of an alternative peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution composed of a lactate/bicarbonate (Lac/Bic) mixture (35/2 mmol/L), pH 7.0, on the appearance of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the peritoneal effluent. ♦ Methods Eight stable PD patients received a conventional solution containing 35 mmol/L lactate (Lac) for 11.9 ± 9.2 months, and then changed to Lac/Bic for 3.1 ± 0.7 months. Each patient acted as his/her own control. ♦ Results We studied 4 males and 4 females with a mean age of 57.4 ± 16.8 years. Higher concentrations (U/mL) ( p < 0.005) and appearanc

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CHANTAYSAKORN, PANITA, and R. L. RICHTER. "Antimicrobial Properties of Pepsin-Digested Lactoferrin Added to Carrot Juice and Filtrates of Carrot Juice." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 3 (2000): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.376.

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The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of pepsin-digested lactoferrin added to carrot juice and filtrates prepared from carrot juice. Lactoferrin isolated from raw skim milk was digested by pepsin for 4 h at pH 3. The digest of lactoferrin was lyophilized, and the antimicrobial activity of the digests was determined in peptone-yeast-glucose broth, carrot juice, permeate from carrot juice, and the dialysate of carrot juice permeate using Esherichia coli (American Type Culture Collection strain 35343) as the test organism. Growth of E. coli and the inhibitory eff

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Calzavara, P., G. Calconi, G. Da Rin, E. Canini, and F. Paolini. "A New Biosensor for Continuous Monitoring of the Spent Dialysate Urea Level in Standard Hemodialysis." International Journal of Artificial Organs 21, no. 3 (1998): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889802100305.

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This study gives the results in terms of precision and repeatability of a new on-line urea monitoring system (Ureascan P2 Hospal) capable of measuring the urea concentrations in the spent dialysate. The Ureascan P2 Hospal (UP2H), fitted on single-pass dialysis machines (Integra-Hospal), functions by the presence of a disposable mini-reactor containing urease. The passage through the reactor of a minimum quantity of spent dialysate from the filter diluted with a pH 7 buffer solution (1 ml/min) increases its ionic strength, which is detected by a differential measurement of conductivity in propo

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Hamada, Chieko, Kayo Hayashi, Ichiyu Shou, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of Calcitriol and Maxacalcitol Administered into Peritoneal Dialysate Bags in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 25, no. 6 (2005): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080502500613.

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Objectives It is well known that injection of calcitriol (CT) or maxacalcitol (OCT) is very effective in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT). However, it is difficult to use these drugs with peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with 2HPT because these drugs must be injected two or three times per week. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the stability of physiological activities of CT and OCT in PD bags and to determine the CT or OCT dosage for intraperitoneal (IP) administration. Materials and Methods We added CT 1.5 μg or OCT 10 μg to Dianeal PD-2 (app

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MacLean, Dave A., Kathryn F. LaNoue, Kristen S. Gray, and Lawrence I. Sinoway. "Effects of hindlimb contraction on pressor and muscle interstitial metabolite responses in the cat." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 4 (1998): 1583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1583.

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We used the microdialysis technique to measure the interstitial concentration of several putative metabolic stimulants of the exercise pressor reflex during 3- and 5-Hz twitch contractions in the decerebrate cat. The peak increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure during contraction were 20 ± 5 beats/min and 21 ± 8 mmHg and 27 ± 9 beats/min and 37 ± 12 mmHg for the 3- and 5-Hz stimulation protocols, respectively. All variables returned to baseline after 10 min of recovery. Interstitial lactate rose ( P < 0.05) by 0.41 ± 0.15 and 0.56 ± 0.16 mM for the 3- and 5-Hz stimulation protoco

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Zhou, Hui, Ashley Ribera, Amonae Dabbs-Brown, Uliana Danilenko, and Hubert W. Vesper. "Measurement of Free Testosterone in Serum Using Equilibrium DialysisCoupled With ID-UHPLC-MS/MS: Comparison Between Equilibrium Devices." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1545.

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Abstract Free testosterone (FT) has been used as a biomarker in clinical patient care and public health research to assess and manage patients with androgenic abnormalities. The latest Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline for testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism recommends measuring FT for those with borderline and low total testosterone concentrations, or those who have conditions that change SHBG concentrations, such as some metabolic or hormonal diseases, certain medication use, or SHBG genetic polymorphisms. Measuring FT is technically challenging and shows high variabili

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Htay, Htay, Yeoungjee Cho, Elaine M. Pascoe, Darsy Darssan, Carmel Hawley, and David W. Johnson. "Predictors of Residual Renal Function Decline in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: ThebalANZ Trial." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 37, no. 3 (2017): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00206.

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ObjectivePreservation of residual renal function (RRF) is associated with improved survival. The aim of the present study was to identify independent predictors of RRF and urine volume (UV) in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsThe study included incident PD patients who were balANZ trial participants. The primary and secondary outcomes were RRF and UV, respectively. Both outcomes were analyzed using mixed effects linear regression with demographic data in the first model and PD-related parameters included in a second model.ResultsThe study included 161 patients (mean age 57.9 ±

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Wadhwa, Nand K., M. Seliger, Harly E. Greenberg, Edward Bergofsky, and Wallace B. Mendelson. "Sleep Related Respiratory Disorders in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 12, no. 1 (1992): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089201200112.

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Study Objective To assess the possible effects of peritoneal dialysis (PD) on sleep-related respiration, which might result from dialysate bulk load in the abdomen and/or alterations in metabolic control of respiration during sleep. Design Subjective and objective measures of sleep were prospectively compared on randomly assigned nights with PD fluid (2.0 L) and without PD fluid in the peritoneal cavity in 11 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on PD. Setting Tertiary-referral university hospital. Patients and Methods Fifteen consecutive patients on peritoneal dialysis who complained of ch

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Park, Sun-Hee, Eun-Gyui Lee, In-San Kim, Yong-Jin Kim, Dong-Kyu Cho, and Yong-Lim Kim. "Effect of Glucose Degradation Products on the Peritoneal Membrane in a Chronic Inflammatory Infusion Model of Peritoneal Dialysis in the Rat." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 24, no. 2 (2004): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080402400202.

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Background Long-term use of the peritoneal membrane as a dialyzing membrane is hampered by its eventual deterioration. One of the contributing factors is glucose degradation products (GDPs) in the dialysis solution. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a low GDP solution on peritoneal permeability, the structural stability of the peritoneal membrane, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in a chronic inflammatory infusion model of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the rat. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: a conventional solution group (group C, n =

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Jones, G. V., B. M. Wall, H. H. Williams, D. N. Presley, D. G. Sapir, and C. R. Cooke. "Modulation of plasma aldosterone by physiological changes in hydrogen ion concentration." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 2 (1992): R269—R275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.2.r269.

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To assess the effect of extracellular hydrogen ion concentration (PH+) on aldosterone secretion, studies in which other known modulators could be controlled were performed on 13 patients undergoing hemodialysis. High (35 mM) or low (14-17 mM) dialysate bicarbonate concentrations were utilized on separate days to either decrease or increase PH+, while plasma potassium concentrations (PK) were held at constant levels and changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) were minimized by avoiding changes in body weight. Changes in PH+ were associated with concordant changes in plasma aldosterone concentrat

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Hart, Kevin, Martyn Harvey, Mingtan Tang, Zimei Wu, and Grant Cave. "Liposomes to Augment Dialysis in Preclinical Models: A Structured Review." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 3 (2021): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030395.

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In recent years, a number of groups have been investigating the use of “empty” liposomes with no drug loaded as scavengers both for exogenous intoxicants and endogenous toxic molecules. Preclinical trials have demonstrated that repurposing liposomes to sequester such compounds may prove clinically useful. The use of such “empty” liposomes in the dialysate during dialysis avoids recognition by complement surveillance, allowing high doses of liposomes to be used. The “reach” of dialysis may also be increased to molecules that are not traditionally dialysable. We aim to review the current literat

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Ramirez, G., G. L. Collice, S. James, C. C. Johns, and W. P. Nelson. "Increase in P50 with the use of Bicarbonate Hemodialysis." International Journal of Artificial Organs 10, no. 6 (1987): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888701000607.

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We studied the effect of bicarbonate and acetate on oxygenation during dialysis in ten male chronic dialysis patients. The dialysis delivery system and dialysate constituents were identical except for the use of either bicarbonate or acetate. We found no hemodynamic differences between the two kinds of dialysis. Blood PO2 fell by a similar amount, but blood PCO2 was higher during bicarbonate dialysis. The blood pH became alkalotic by the second hour of bicarbonate dialysis and remained so throughout the dialysis, whereas blood pH became alkalotic only at the end of acetate dialysis. The P50 in

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Cai, Michael M. X., Edward R. Smith, Annette Kent, et al. "Calciprotein Particle Formation in Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent is Dependent on Dialysate Calcium Concentration." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 38, no. 4 (2018): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2017.00163.

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Background The accumulation of fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles (CPP) in the serum of patients with renal disease and those with chronic inflammation may be involved in driving sterile inflammation and extraosseous mineral deposition. We previously showed that both fetuin-A and CPP were present in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent of stable PD patients. It is unknown whether different PD fluids might affect the formation of CPP in vivo. Method Peritoneal effluent from 12 patients was collected after a 6-hour dwell with 7 different commercial PD fluids. Calciprotein particles and

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Gao, Zhaohui, Jialiu D. Li, Lawrence I. Sinoway, and Jianhua Li. "Effect of muscle interstitial pH on P2X and TRPV1 receptor-mediated pressor response." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 6 (2007): 2288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00161.2007.

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Activation of purinergic P2X receptors and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) on muscle afferent nerve evokes the pressor response. Because P2X and TRPV1 receptors are sensitive to changes in pH, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of muscle acidification on those receptor-mediated cardiovascular responses. In decerebrate rats, the pH in the hindlimb muscle was adjusted by infusing acidic Ringer solutions into the femoral artery. Dialysate was then collected using microdialysis probes inserted into the muscles, and pH was measured. The interstitial pH was 7.53 ±

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B, Sandhya, and Nagamani T.S. "Isolation, Purification and Analysis of Pancreatic Lipase from ‘Gallus gallus domesticus’." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (2020): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul338.

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This article discusses the isolation of pancreatic lipase enzyme from the pancreas of Gallus gallus domesticus. Whereas lipase catalyses the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids. Lipases occur widely in nature, it involves applications like organic syntheses, hydrolysis of fats, oils, modification of fats, flavor enhancement in food processing, detergent industries, pharmaceutical industries, chemical analyses, and biodiesel production. Pancreatic lipase was purified to the homogeneity by 70% saturated Ammonium sulphate further, it was dialysat

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Breborowicz, A., H. Rodela, L. Martis, and D. G. Oreopoulos. "Intracellular Glutathione in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Exposed in vitro to Dialysis Fluid." International Journal of Artificial Organs 19, no. 5 (1996): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889601900503.

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Effect of peritoneal dialysis fluids on glutathione (GSH/GSSG) level in human peritoneal mesothelial cells was tested in in vitro experiments. To mimic in vivo conditions, cells were initially exposed to dialysis fluids (Dianeal 1.36%, Dianeal 2.27%, Dianeal 3.86%) that subsequently were diluted with dialysate effluent at time intervals. GSH/GSSG concentration in cells initially decreased but returned to normal values thereafter. This decrease in the intracellular concentration of glutathione was less when pH of the tested dialysis fluid was adjusted to 7.3. In further experiments with mesothe

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Ing, T. S., M. L. Yang, V. L. Yang, et al. "Effect of an Acidic Pyruvate-based Peritoneal Dialysis Solution on the pH of a Residual Peritoneal Dialysate Fluid." Artificial Organs 20, no. 3 (1996): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1996.tb04436.x.

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Topley, Nicholas, Tomasz Liberek, Chandra Mistry, Gerald A. Coles, and John D. Williams. "Cell Function, Viability, and Icodextrin." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 14, no. 2_suppl (1994): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089401402s04.

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The bioincompatibility of conventional dialysis fluids is related primarily to the combination of low pH and high lactate concentrations. This results in the reduction of intracellular pH and a consequent inhibition of cell function. The use of high glucose concentrations to increase fluid osmolality adds to the cytotoxicity and has a further inhibitory effect on peritoneal cells. The clinical need for fluids that provide sustained ultrafiltration has led to a novel approach using a high molecular weight glucose polymer (icodextrin) to generate an ultrafiltration gradient in an iso-osmolar flu

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Lamoreaux, William J., David L. Smalley, Larry M. Baddour, and Alfred P. Kraus. "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Adherence to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119429.

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Infections associated with the use of intravascular devices have been documented and have been reported to be related to duration of catheter usage. Recently, Eaton et al. reported that Staphylococcus epidermidis may attach to silastic catheters used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. The following study presents findings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of S. epidermidis adherence to silastic catheters in an in vitro model. In addition, sections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dialysis bags were also evaluated by SEM.The S. epidermidis strain RP62A which had be

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